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The title compound, [RuCl2(C33H43N3O)], is an example of a new generation of N,N-dialkyl ruthenium catalysts with an N—Ru coordination bond as part of a six-membered chelate ring. The Ru atom has an Addison τ parameter of 0.244, which indicates a geometry intermediate between square-based pyramidal and trigonal–bipyramidal. The complex shows the usual trans arrangement of the two chlorides, with Ru—Cl bond lengths of 2.3515 (8) and 2.379 (7) Å, and a Cl—Ru—Cl angle of 158.02 (3)°. One of the chlorine atoms and the atoms of the 2-methoxy-N-methyl-N-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]ethane-1-amine group of the title complex display disorder over two positions in a 0.889 (2): 0.111 (2) ratio.

In the title compound, C22H19NO5S·C2D6OS, the central six-membered ring has a slightly distorted boat conformation, while the fused pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation. These conformations are stabilized by O—H...O hydrogen bonds between the main compound and solvent molecules. In addition, intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds in the main molecule form two S(6) rings. Molecules are connected by pairs of intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with a R22(8) motif. These dimers form a three-dimensional network through O—H...O, O—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds with each other directly and through solvent molecules. In addition, weak π–π stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.9937 (10) and 3.9936 (10) Å, slippages of 2.034 and 1.681 Å] are observed. The intermolecular contacts were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H...H 41.7%, O...H/H...O 27.7%, C...H/H...C 17.0%, and S...H/H...S 7.5%.

The title compound, C11H3I3N4O4·C2H6O, crystallizes in the triclinic P\overline{1} space group with one independent molecule and one ethanol solvent molecule in the asymmetric unit. The benzene ring and the methylcarbonohydrazonoyl dicyanide group of the main molecule makes a dihedral angle of 57.91 (16)°. In the crystal, O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds link pairs of molecules, forming dimers with R22(14) motifs. These dimers are connected by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains along the a-axis direction, forming R22(16) ring motifs. Further O—H...O interactions involving the ethanol solvent molecule connect the chains into a three-dimensional network. In addition, C—I...π interactions are observed. The intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure were quantified and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis.

In the title compounds, N,N-dimethylacetamide–1-(dimethyl-λ4-azanylidene)ethan-1-ol tribromide (1/1), C4H9NO·C4H10NO+·Br3− or [(C4H9NO)·(C4H10NO)](Br3), (I), N,N-dimethylacetamide–1-(dimethyl-λ4-azanylidene)ethan-1-ol dibromidoiodate (1/1), C4H9NO·C4H10NO+·Br2I− or [(C4H9NO)·(C4H10NO)](Br2I), (II), and N,N-dimethylacetamide–1-(dimethyl-λ4-azanylidene)ethan-1-ol dichloridoiodate (1/1), C4H9NO·C4H10NO+·Cl2I− or [(C4H9NO)·(C4H10NO)]·(Cl2I), (III), all the anions are almost linear in geometry and all the cations, except for the methyl H atoms, are essentially planar. In the crystal structure of (I), the cations are linked by pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R22(8) ring motif. These dimers also exhibit O—H...O hydrogen bonding. Dimerized cation pairs and anions are arranged in columns along the a axis. In the crystal of (II), the cations are linked by pairs of O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming an R44(14) ring motif. These groups of cations and the anions form individual columns along the a axis and jointly reside in planes roughly parallel to (011). In the crystal of (III), cations and anions also form columns parallel to the a axis, resulting in layers parallel to the (020) plane. Furthermore, the crystal structures of (I), (II) and (III) are consolidated by strong halogen (Br and/or I and/or Cl)...H and weak van der Waals interactions. In addition to the structural evaluation, a Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out.

In the title compound, C25H17N3O5S2, intramolecular π–π interactions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.5640 (9) Å] are observed between the furan and benzene rings of the 4-cyanophenyl group. In the crystal, molecules are connected via C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the (100) plane. These layers are interconnected by C—H...π interactions and weak van der Waals interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that H...H (30.2%), N...H/H...N (22.3%), C...H/H...C (17.9%) and O...H/H...O (15.4%) interactions make the most significant contributions to the crystal packing.

In the title complex, [Ni(C6H6N3OS)2]·2CH3OH, the NiII atom is coordinated by the S and N atoms of two N′-[(Z)-(furan-2-yl)methylidene]carbamohydrazonothioic acid ligands in a distorted square-planar geometry. The two mutual ligands bound to NiII are also connected by C—H...S interactions, while the H atoms of the NH2 group of the ligands form R44(8) motifs with the O atoms of the solvent ethyl alcohol molecules. At the same time, the OH groups of the solvent ethyl alcohol molecules form parallel layers to the (011) plane by the O—H...N interactions with the ligand N atom that is not bonded to the NiII atom.. The layers are connected by van der Waals interactions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contacts are H...H (37.7%), C...H/H...C (14.6%), O...H/H...O (11.5%) and S...H/H...S (10.6%).

In the title compound, C23H17N3O9S2, C—H...O hydrogen bonds link adjacent molecules in a three-dimensional network, while π–π stacking interactions, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.8745 (9) Å, between the furan and an arene ring of one of the two (3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl groups, result in chains parallel to the a axis. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that O...H/H...O (40.1%), H...H (27.5%) and C...H/H...C (12.4%) interactions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing.

In the cation of the title salt, C30H28NO2+·CF3O3S−, the four tetrahydrofuran rings adopt envelope conformations. In the crystal, pairs of cations are linked by dimeric C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming two R22(6) ring motifs parallel to the (001) plane. The cations and anions are connected by further C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network structure. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (47.6%), C...H/H...C (20.6%), O...H/H...O (18.0%) and F...H/H...F (9.9%) interactions.

In the crystal, the whole molecule of the title compound, C14H12N4O7·0.224H2O, is nearly planar with a maximum deviation from the least-squares plane of 0.352 (1) Å. The molecular conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, generating an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by centrosymmetric pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons along the c-axis direction. These ribbons connected by van der Waals contacts, forming sheets parallel to the ac plane. There are also intermolecular van der Waals contacts and and C—H...π interactions between the sheets. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most prevalent interactions are O...H/H...O (41.2%), H...H (19.2%), C...H/H...C (12.2%) and C...O/ O...C (8.4%).

In the title compound, C22H17N5·CH4O, the imidazolidine ring of the 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring system is a twisted envelope, while the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine ring adopts a twisted boat conformation. In the crystal, pairs of molecules are linked by O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds via two methanol molecules, forming a centrosymmetric R44(16) ring motif. These motifs are connected to each other by C—H...N hydrogen bonds and form columns along the a axis. The columns form a stable molecular packing, being connected to each other by van der Waals interactions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most significant contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (43.8%), N...H/H...N (31.7%) and C...H/H...C (18.4%) contacts.

This work focuses on the first use of ultrasonic phenol-ene coupling as a polymer analogous transformation. The ultrasonic reaction was introduced into chitin chemistry, resulting in the fast and convenient preparation of new water-soluble cationic chitin derivatives. Since water-soluble derivatives of fully deacetylated chitin are poorly described in the literature, the synthesis of each new type of these derivatives is a significant event in polysaccharide chemistry. Polycations, or cationic polymers, are of particular interest as antibacterial agents. Consequently, the resulting polymers were tested for their antibacterial activity and toxicity. We found that the highly substituted polymer of medium molecular weight exhibited the most pronounced in vitro antibacterial effect. We prepared nanoparticles using the ionic gelation technique. The most effective in vitro antibacterial chitin-based systems were tested in vivo in rats. These tests demonstrated outstanding antibacterial effects combined with an absence of toxicity. Additionally, we found that the resulting polymers, unlike their nanoparticle counterparts, also exhibited strong antioxidant effects. In summary, we demonstrated the effectiveness of ultrasound in polymer chemistry and highlighted the importance of the sonochemical approach in the chemical modification of polysaccharides. This approach enables the synthesis of derivatives with improved physicochemical and biological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the cation of the title salt, C17H18N3S+·Br−·C3H7NO, the central thiazolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with puckering parameters Q(2) = 0.310 (3) Å and φ(2) = 42.2 (6)°. In the crystal, each cation is connected to two anions by N—H... Br hydrogen bonds, forming an R42(8) motif parallel to the (10\overline{1}) plane. van der Waals interactions between the cations, anions and N,N-dimethylformamide molecules further stabilize the crystal structure in three dimensions. The most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H...H (55.6%), C...H/H...C (17.9%) and Br...H/H...Br (7.0%) interactions, as concluded from a Hirshfeld analysis.

In the title compound, C18H19Cl2N3, the planes of the benzene rings subtend a dihedral angle of 77.07 (10)°. In the crystal, molecules are associated into inversion dimers via short Cl...Cl contacts [3.3763 (9) Å]. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contact percentages for the different types of interactions are H...H (43.9%), Cl...H/H...Cl (22.9%), C...H/H...C (20.8%) and N...H/H...N (8.0%).

In the title compound, C13H9Cl2N3O2, the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring and the nitro-substituted benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 21.16 (14)°. In the crystal, face-to-face π–π stacking interactions occur along the a-axis direction between the centroids of the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring and the nitro-substituted benzene ring. Furthermore, these molecules show intramolecular N—H...Cl and C—H...O contacts and are linked by intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming pairs of hydrogen-bonded molecular layers parallel to (20\overline{2}). The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (23.0%), O...H/H...O (20.1%), Cl...H/H...Cl (19.0%), C...C (11.2%) and H...C/C...H (8.0%) interactions.

The stabilized conformation of the title compound, C13H9Cl2N3O2, is similar to that of the isomeric compound (E)-1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazine. The 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring and the nitro-substituted benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 26.25 (16)°. In the crystal, face-to-face π-π stacking interactions along the a-axis direction occur between the centroids of the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring and the nitro-substituted benzene ring. The molecules are further linked by C—H...O contacts and N—H...O and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming pairs of hydrogen-bonded molecular layers parallel to (100). The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (22.1%), Cl...H/H...Cl (20.5%), O...H/H...O (19.7%), C...C (11.1%) and C...H/H...C (8.3%) interactions.

In the title compound, C32H28N2O, the imidazolidine and pyridine rings of the central hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring system adopt envelope and screw-boat conformations, respectively. The molecule exhibits two weak intramolecular π–π interactions between phenyl rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of C—H... O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. The dimers are further linked by pairs of C—H...π interactions, forming infinite chains along the c-axis direction. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (73.4%), C...H/H...C (18.8%) and O...H/H...O (5.7%) contacts. The contribution of some disordered solvent to the scattering was removed using the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] in PLATON. The solvent contribution was not included in the reported molecular weight and density.

In the tile compound, C17H17Cl2N3, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 62.73 (9)°. In the crystal, there are no classical hydrogen bonds. Molecules are linked by a pair of C—Cl...π interactions, forming an inversion dimer. A short intermolecular HL...HL contact [Cl...Cl = 3.2555 (9) Å] links the dimers, forming a ribbon along the c-axis direction. The Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots reveal that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (45.4%), Cl...H/H...Cl (21.0%) and C...H/H...C (19.0%) contacts.

The central thiazolidine ring of the title salt, C16H16N3S+·Br−, adopts an envelope conformation, with the C atom bearing the phenyl ring as the flap atom. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked by N—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming chains parallel to the b-axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots indicate that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (46.4%), C...H/H...C (18.6%) and H...Br/Br...H (17.5%) interactions.

In the cation of the title salt, C9H12N3S+·Br−, the thiazolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom adjacent to the phenyl ring as the flap. In the crystal, N—H...Br hydrogen bonds link the components into a three-dimensional network. Weak π–π stacking interactions between the phenyl rings of adjacent cations also contribute to the molecular packing. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was conducted to quantify the contributions of the different intermolecular interactions and contacts.

The title salt, C16H15ClN3S+·Br−, is isotypic with (E)-3-[(4-fluorobenzylidene)amino]-5-phenylthiazolidin-2-iminium bromide [Khalilov et al. (2019). Acta Cryst. E75, 662–666]. In the cation of the title salt, the atoms of the phenyl ring attached to the central thiazolidine ring and the atom joining the thiazolidine ring to the benzene ring are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.570 (3) and 0.430 (3). The major and minor components of the disordered thiazolidine ring adopt slightly distorted envelope conformations, with the C atom bearing the phenyl ring as the flap atom. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related cations and anions are linked into dimeric units via N—H...Br hydrogen bonds, which are further connected by weak C—H...Br contacts into chains parallel to the a axis. Furthermore, not existing in the earlier report of (E)-3-[(4-fluorobenzylidene)amino]-5-phenylthiazolidin-2-iminium bromide, C—H...π interactions and π–π stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.897 (2) Å] between the major components of the disordered phenyl ring contribute to the stabilization of the molecular packing. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots indicate that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (30.5%), Br...H/H...Br (21.2%), C...H/H...C (19.2%), Cl...H/H...Cl (13.0%) and S...H/H...S (5.0%) interactions.

In the title compound, C16H11Cl2N3O, the 4-methoxy-substituted benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 41.86 (9)° with the benzene ring of the benzonitrile group. In the crystal, molecules are linked into layers parallel to (020) by C—H...O contacts and face-to-face π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.9116 (14) and 3.9118 (14) Å] between symmetry-related aromatic rings along the a-axis direction. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from Cl...H/H...Cl (22.8%), H...H (21.4%), N...H/H...N (16.1%), C...H/H...C (14.7%) and C...C (9.1%) interactions.

In the two isotypic title compounds, C14H8BrCl2N3O2, (I), and C14H8Cl3N3O2, (II), the substitution of one of the phenyl rings is different [Br for (I) and Cl for (II)]. Aromatic rings form dihedral angles of 60.9 (2) and 64.1 (2)°, respectively. Molecules are linked through weak X...Cl contacts [X = Br for (I) and Cl for (II)], C—H...Cl and C—Cl...π interactions into sheets parallel to the ab plane. Additional van der Waals interactions consolidate the three-dimensional packing. Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structures indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing for (I) are from C...H/H...C (16.1%), O...H/H...O (13.1%), Cl...H/H...Cl (12.7%), H...H (11.4%), Br...H/H...Br (8.9%), N...H/H...N (6.9%) and Cl...C/C...Cl (6.6%) interactions, and for (II), from Cl...H / H...Cl (21.9%), C...H/H...C (15.3%), O...H/H...O (13.4%), H...H (11.5%), Cl...C/C...Cl (8.3%), N...H/H...N (7.0%) and Cl...Cl (5.9%) interactions. The crystal of (I) studied was refined as an inversion twin, the ratio of components being 0.9917 (12):0.0083 (12).

The three cyclohexenone rings of the title compound, C27H33N3O6, adopt slightly distorted envelope conformations, with the C atom bearing two methyl groups as the flap atom in each case. These cyclohexenone mean planes form dihedral angles of 87.41 (11), 70.73 (11) and 70.47 (11)° with the 1,3,5-triazine ring, while the dihedral angle between the cyclohexenone mean planes are 57.52 (12), 23.75 (12) and 53.21 (12)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.

The title compound, [RuCl2(C33H43N3O)], is an example of a new generation of N,N-dialkyl ruthenium catalysts with an N--Ru coordination bond as part of a six-membered chelate ring. The Ru atom has an Addison parameter of 0.244, which indicates a geometry intermediate between square-based pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal. The complex shows the usual trans arrangement of the two chlorides, with Ru--Cl bond lengths of 2.3515 (8) and 2.379 (7) Å, and a Cl--Ru--Cl angle of 158.02 (3)°. One of the chlorine atoms and the atoms of the 2-methoxy-N-methyl-N-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]ethane-1-amine group of the title complex display disorder over two positions in a 0.889 (2): 0.111 (2) ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C18H15N3O6 ⋅ C2H6OS, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.762(9) Å, v = 6.013(4) Å, c = 22.264(11) Å, β = 103.522(19)°, V = 2052(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0484, wRref(F2) = 0.1348, T = 296(2) K.

The complete molecule of the title compound, C32H22F12N4O2, is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis aligned parallel to [010]. The F atoms of one of the CF3 groups are disordered over three orientations in a 0.6: 0.2: 0.2 ratio. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains propagating along the a-axis direction. In addition, weak C—H...O and C—H...F bonds are observed. The contribution of the disordered solvent to the scattering was removed using the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] of PLATON. The solvent contribution is not included in the reported molecular weight and density.

In the title compound, C22H19NO5S·C2D6OS, the central six-membered ring has a slightly distorted boat conformation, while the fused pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation. These conformations are stabilized by O—HO hydrogen bonds between the main compound and solvent mol­ecules. In addition, intra­molecular C—HO hydrogen bonds in the main mol­ecule form two S(6) rings. Mol­ecules are connected by pairs of inter­molecular C—HO hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with a R²2(8) motif. These dimers form a three-dimensional network through O—HO, O—HS and C—HO hydrogen bonds with each other directly and through solvent mol­ecules. In addition, weak π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.9937 (10) and 3.9936 (10) Å, slippages of 2.034 and 1.681 Å] are observed. The inter­molecular contacts were qu­anti­fied using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be HH 41.7%, OH/HO 27.7%, CH/HC 17.0%, and SH/HS 7.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title complex, [Ni(C6H6N3OS)2]⋅2CH3OH, the NiII atom is coordinated by the S and N atoms of two N'[(Z)-(furan-2-yl)methylidene]carbamohydrazonothioic acid ligands in a distorted square-planar geometry. The two mutual ligands bound to NiII are also connected by C--H⋯S interactions, while the H atoms of the NH2 group of the ligands form R44(8) motifs with the O atoms of the solvent ethyl alcohol molecules. At the same time, the OH groups of the solvent ethyl alcohol molecules form parallel layers to the (011) plane by the O--H⋯N interactions with the ligand NiII atom that is not bonded to the Nin atom.. The layers are connected by van der Waals interactions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contacts are H⋯H (37.7%), C⋯H/H⋯C (14.6%), O⋯H/H⋯O (11.5%) and S⋯H/H⋯S (10.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]