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Mandibular resections decision is one of the most important steps in oral cavity malignant or nonmalignant lesions associated with the mandible. The role of mandibular reconstruction is not only for cosmesis, but it is also indicated for functional rehabilitation such as swallowing, phonetics, and for facial symmetrical. Even though the free tissue transfer is considered a gold standard for mandibular reconstruction, the importance of nonvascularized bone grafts (NVBGs) such as fibula, calvarium, rib, sternum, and iliac are still persisting in mandibulectomies condition like patient who have not taken radiotherapy or not willing to undergo radiotherapy or not fit for free tissue transfer and provides a good contour of mandibular replacement. The success rate of NVBG depends upon patient selection, preoperative planning, and meticulous nursing care. Addition to NVBG, regional flaps such as pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap will help in soft-tissue replacement of the defect as well as it will help in the situation where primary closure and airtight closure is not possible. This case report will discuss in detail about the management of anterior segmental mandibulectomy due to oncological resection and reconstruction with NVBG with fibula and PMMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al 6060 alloy was coated with TiO2 by spray pyrolysis technique at 400 °C using Titanium isopropoxide as precursor. The adhesion of the coating with the alloy was enhanced by annealing at 450 °C for 1 h which increased the hardness by 50%. Dry sliding wear resistance was experimented based on Taguchi’s L27 array using pin-on-disc tribometer by varying parameters such as applied load (15, 25 and 35 N), sliding distance (500, 1000 and 1500 m) and sliding velocity (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 m/s). Analysis of Variance predicted the major influence by load, followed by velocity and distance. Trend depicted an increase in wear rate with load and distance, whereas with velocity it decreased initially and then increased. Optimum condition for maximum wear resistance was determined from the Signal-to-Noise ratio. Experimental results were validated using regression equation with an error less than 3%. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis of the worn surfaces had revealed more defoilage and lay-off as the applied load was increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently day's clients are keen on separate learning as there is quick development in advanced information because of the day to day improvement in data and additionally PC innovation. Two machines and workloads and raunchy desire will provoke both flawed essentialness venture finances and long reserving delays, on account of incongruence between workload requirements and the advantages offered by the provisioned machines. Presently, Everyone Using Online Compiler. It is having sure confinements, for example, it having inertia in web-based learning. In online examination understudies expecting some additional rules from given assets. This undertaking initially examines in light of dynamic learning and testing ways to deal with help stem training, the stage enables students to get to Material assets wherever they like, in whatever time interims they have accessible. We propose a gathering engagement score that considers both individual action and closeness of investment, hence enables restorative moves to be made when Teachers can get factual investigation consequences of the smaller scale address in MMLS to give educating/learning criticism and a powerful correspondence stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UnlabelledAlthough brain injury after neonatal encephalopathy has been characterised well in high-income countries, little is known about such injury in low- and middle-income countries. Such injury accounts for an estimated 1 million neonatal deaths per year. We used magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers to characterise perinatal brain injury, and examined early childhood outcomes in South India.MethodsWe recruited consecutive term or near term infants with evidence of perinatal asphyxia and a Thompson encephalopathy score ≥6 within 6 h of birth, over 6 months. We performed conventional MR imaging, diffusion tensor MR imaging and thalamic proton MR spectroscopy within 3 weeks of birth. We computed group-wise differences in white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) using tract based spatial statistics. We allocated Sarnat encephalopathy stage aged 3 days, and evaluated neurodevelopmental outcomes aged 3½ years using Bayley III.ResultsOf the 54 neonates recruited, Sarnat staging was mild in 30 (56%); moderate in 15 (28%) and severe in 6 (11%), with no encephalopathy in 3 (6%). Six infants died. Of the 48 survivors, 44 had images available for analysis. In these infants, imaging indicated perinatal rather than established antenatal origins to injury. Abnormalities were frequently observed in white matter (n = 40, 91%) and cortex (n = 31, 70%) while only 12 (27%) had abnormal basal ganglia/thalami. Reduced white matter FA was associated with Sarnat stage, deep grey nuclear injury, and MR spectroscopy N-acetylaspartate/choline, but not early Thompson scores. Outcome data were obtained in 44 infants (81%) with 38 (79%) survivors examined aged 3½ years; of these, 16 (42%) had adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.ConclusionsNo infants had evidence for established brain lesions, suggesting potentially treatable perinatal origins. White matter injury was more common than deep brain nuclei injury. Our results support the need for rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of rescue hypothermic neuroprotection in low- and middle-income countries.

In orthopaedics, wound care is crucial as surgical site infections carry disease burden due to increased length of stay, decreased quality of life and poorer patient outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a vital role in revolutionising wound care in orthopaedics: ranging from wound assessment, early detection of complications, risk stratifying patients, and remote patient monitoring. Incorporating AI in orthopaedics has reduced dependency on manual physician assessment which is time-consuming. This article summarises current literature on how AI is used for wound assessment and management in the orthopaedic community., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Grammarly was used in the reviewing and editing process to correct grammar., (© 2024.)

The number of cancer survivors is increasing steadily due to an aging population, continuing improvement in early detection, and treatment. Comparative effectiveness studies and clinical trials are being done to assess late effects of treatment and health-related quality of life. This is in addition to long-term follow-up to assess survival. The aim of the review was to summarize the literature on commonly used quality of life instruments for patients with gynecological cancers with special focus on patient reported outcomes. A literature review was done to summarize the commonly used health-related quality of life instruments in gynecological cancer survivors. Most items assess general quality of life, sexual function, and/or treatment-related toxicity. The commonly reported instruments are the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ C30) with disease specific modules for cervix, ovary, and endometrium. Another tool is the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaire with similar disease specific modules. The questionnaires were accessed with permission from these organizations. These instruments typically have about 10-30 questions that assess treatment related bowel and bladder toxicity. This is connected to the patients' self-reported quality of life, generally ranked using a 5-point scale. Length and emphasis vary in different questionnaires. The validated tools in cancer populations allow better quantification and assessment of quality of life. However, there may be limitations. Some of the general instruments may be too broad to assess treatment-related long-term side effects. Others may be too narrow to generalize closely related patient groups. Also, some questions may not be culturally appropriate in certain situations., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Association of Surgical Oncology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

The objectives of our proposed study were as follows: First objective is to segment the CT images using a k-means clustering algorithm for extracting the region of interest and to extract textural features using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Second objective is to implement machine learning classifiers such as Naïve bayes, bagging and Reptree to classify the images into two image classes namely COVID and non-COVID and to compare the performance of the three pre-trained CNN models such as AlexNet, ResNet50 and SqueezeNet with that of the proposed machine learning classifiers. Our dataset consists of 100 COVID and non-COVID images which are pre-processed and segmented with our proposed algorithm. Following the feature extraction process, three machine learning classifiers (Naive Bayes, Bagging, and REPTree) were used to classify the normal and covid patients. We had implemented the three pre-trained CNN models such as AlexNet, ResNet50 and SqueezeNet for comparing their performance with machine learning classifiers. In machine learning, the Naive Bayes classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 97%, whereas the ResNet50 CNN model attained the highest accuracy of 99%. Hence the deep learning networks outperformed well compared to the machine learning techniques in the classification of Covid-19 images., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Prenatal Diagnosis (PND) forms an important part of primary preventive management for families having a child affected with primary immunodeficiency. Although individually sparse, collectively this group of genetic disorders represents a significant burden of disease. This paper discusses the prenatal services available for affected families at various centers across the country and the challenges and ethical considerations associated with genetic counseling. Mutation detection in the index case and analysis of chorionic villous sampling or amniocentesis remain the preferred procedures for PND and phenotypic analysis of cordocentesis sample is reserved for families with well-characterized index case seeking PND in the latter part of the second trimester of pregnancy. A total of 112 families were provided PND services in the last decade and the presence of an affected fetus was confirmed in 32 families. Post-test genetic counseling enabled the affected families to make an informed decision about the current pregnancy., Competing Interests: SMal, PG, SMah, and PKad were employed by the company MedGenome Labs Private Limited. SJ, BS, and JR were employed by the company Mediscan Systems. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Yadav, Gupta, Dalvi, Bargir, Hule, Shabrish, Aluri, Kulkarni, Kambli, Uppuluri, Seshadri, Jagadeesh, Suresh, Raja, Taur, Malaischamy, Ghosh, Mahalingam, Kadam, Lashkari, Tamhankar, Tamhankar, Mithbawkar, Bhattad, Jhawar, Makam, Bansal, Prasad, Govindaraj, Guhan, Bharadwaj Tallapaka, Desai, Raj and Madkaikar.)

Objective: To study the incidence of postmolar gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) following hydatidiform mole and to evaluate the effectiveness of single-agent chemotherapy using methotrexate with folinic acid rescue., Study Design: A prospective study of all cases of hydatidiform mole diagnosed and treated in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Medical College, Calicut, India, was started in June 1990 to determine the incidence of postmolar GTD and the effectiveness of single-agent chemotherapy with methotrexate and folinic acid in postmolar nonmetastatic GTD., Results: For the 15-year period from June 1990 to May 2005, 1,569 cases of hydatidiform mole were diagnosed and managed at our institution. The incidence of postmolar GTD among 1,569 cases of hydatidiform mole was 20.4%. Of the 321 cases of postmolar GTD diagnosed, 284 patients (88.5%) achieved complete remission with the methotrexate/folinic acid regimen. Fourteen multiparous patients (4.4%) underwent hysterectomy with methotrexate/folinic acid and achieved remission. Thus, 92.9% of patients with postmolar GTD had complete remission with the methotrexate/folinic acid regimen. The rest of the cases required multiagent therapy., Conclusion: Regular follow-up of patients after evacuation of hydatidiform mole will detect cases of postmolar GTD at an early stage. Single-agent chemotherapy with methotrexate was effective in 92.9% of our cases.