Search

People with disabilities are 40% less likely to dine out, they have fewer social relationships, and spend more time at home due to barriers faced as a result of ADA noncompliance by public facilities, including sports bars. Sports bars serve as a place for socialization for people with similar interests to gather together. The purpose of this study was to (a) identify common accessibility issues in sports bars and (b) assess what type of sports bars are more likely to experience those issues. Results are discussed, and implications support the rationale for this study to better understand how sports bars can be a place of social identity for people with disabilities. Keywords: Americans with Disabilities Act; sports bar; accessibility; disability, Introduction In the United States, approximately 20% of people have some form of disability, with about 12.5% of the population living with a functional mobility impairment (Centers for Disease Control [...]

About a century ago, there was a shift from humans contracting and dying from infectious diseases to living with non-infectious chronic diseases. Through advancements in medicine, chronic diseases are manageable, however, they are life-long and often debilitating. When chronically ill individuals struggle to adjust, and make sense of their disease, they are likely to benefit from participating in illness support groups. The benefits of support groups are usually explained by proximal factors such as social support. We explore three sets of evolutionary adaptations to provide ultimate explanations for the value of social support: attachment, group membership, and collective identity. These three concepts suggest that support groups assist with regulating emotions, belonging, and integrating chronic illness into one's identity. Although attachment theory highlights important aspects of coping with chronic illness, it is framed in dyadic terms, which is ill-fitting for support groups. Support groups are beneficial because they capitalize on the ancient adaptations of belonging and collective identity. Practical applications of these evolutionary concepts for chronic illness support groups are discussed., Author(s): Emaan N. Lehardy [sup.1], Blaine J. Fowers [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.26790.3a, 0000 0004 1936 8606, Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, , 5205 Memorial Drive, [...]

Turkish nationalism has long been an enigma for scholars interested in the formation of national identity. The nationalist movement that succeeded in crafting the Republic of Turkey relied upon rhetoric that defined the nation in explicitly secular, civic, and territorial terms. Though the earliest scholarship on Turkish nationalism supported this perspective, more recent research has pointed to Turkey's efforts to homogenize the new state as evidence of the importance of ethnicity, and particularly religion, in constructing Turkish national identity. Yet this marked mismatch between political rhetoric and politics on the ground is perplexing. If Turkey was meant to be a secular and civic state, why did Turkish nationalist policies place such a heavy emphasis on ethnic and religious purity? Moreover, why did religious identity become such a salient characteristic for determining membership in the national community and for defining national identity? This article draws upon historical research and social identity complexity theory to analyze this seeming dichotomy between religious and civic definitions of the Turkish nation. I argue that the subjective overlap between religious and civic ingroups during the late Ottoman Empire and efforts by nationalists to rally the populace through religious appeals explains the persistence of religious definitions of the nation despite the Turkish nationalist movement's civic rhetoric, and accounts for much of the Turkish state's religiously oriented policies and exclusionary practices toward religious minorities in its early decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Exotic livestock disease outbreaks have the capacity to significantly impact individual livestock keepers, as well as devastate an entire industry sector. However, there has been limited research undertaken to understand how farmers think about and carry out exotic livestock disease control practices within the social sciences. Drawing on aspects of Social Identity Theory and Self‐Categorisation Theory, this article explores how the ‘good farmer’ identity concept influences farmers’ exotic livestock disease control practices. Using findings from an in‐depth, large‐scale qualitative study with animal keepers and veterinarians, the article identifies three context specific and at times conflicting ‘good farmer’ identities. Additionally, a defensive component is noted whereby farmers suggest an inability to carry out their role as a ‘good farmer’ due to government failings, poor practice undertaken by ‘bad farmers’, as well as the uncontrollable nature of exotic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective victimhood is the belief that one's own group has been intentionally and undeservingly harmed by another group (Bar-Tal, Chernyak-Hai, Schori, & Gundar, 2009). While previous research has established the link between collective victimhood and negative intergroup behaviors, the underlying mechanism is virtually unexplored. In the current study, we test the idea that intergroup emotions play an important role, particularly for those group members who are highly identified. Whereas previous research has primarily studied collective victimhood in violent contexts, the current study focuses on its role in the intergroup relations in Belgium, known as a non-violent conflict between French and Dutch speakers. The associations between collective victimhood, intergroup emotions, and action tendencies were studied in an online survey. The sample consisted of both French-speaking and Dutch-speaking Belgians (Ntotal = 1774). Structural equation modeling showed that collective victimhood was negatively related to intergroup affiliative emotions (i.e., sympathy) and positively to intergroup distancing emotions (i.e., anger). In addition, these relationships were stronger for participants who strongly identified with their ingroup. Furthermore, intergroup affiliative emotions positively predicted fostering contact with outgroup members, and negatively predicted the tendencies to exclude and take revenge on the outgroup; intergroup distancing emotions positively predicted outgroup exclusion and revenge, and negatively predicted fostering contact with them. The established associations were no different between the linguistic groups. Our results confirm that collective victimhood, and the emotions associated, can help to understand intergroup conflict in non-violent contexts, in addition to violent ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Generations’ have been invoked to describe a variety of social and cultural relationships, and to understand the development of self-conscious group identity. Equally, the term can be an applied label and politically useful construct; generations can be retrospectively produced. Drawing on the concept of ‘canonical generations’ – those whose experiences come to epitomise an event of historic and symbolic importance – this article examines the narrative creation and functions of ‘generations’ as collective memory shapes and re-shapes the desire for social change. Building a case study of the canonical role of the miners’ strike of 1984–85 in the narrative history of the British left, it examines the selective appropriation and transmission of the past in the development of political consciousness. It foregrounds the autobiographical narratives of activists who, in examining and legitimising their own actions and prospects, (re)produce a ‘generation’ in order to create a relatable and useful historical understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality and race-based social identity threat on racial minorities' trust and cooperation with police. We hypothesize that in police interactions, racial minorities' phenotypic racial stereotypicality may increase race-based social identity threat, which will lead to distrust and decreased participation with police. Racial minorities (Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, and multi-racials) and Whites from a representative random sample of city residents were surveyed about policing attitudes. A serial multiple mediation model confirmed that racial minorities' self-rated phenotypic racial stereotypicality indirectly affected future cooperation through social identity threat and trust. Due to the lack of negative group stereotypes in policing, the model did not hold for Whites. This study provides evidence that phenotypic stereotypicality influences racial minorities' psychological experiences interacting with police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity theory and social identity theory focus on doing and belonging, respectively, but neither provides a complete picture of being 'fully there' at work (Kahn, ). This three-wave lagged field study links these two perspectives by proposing that beneficiary-specific prosocial helping identity, met expectations for prosocial helping, and their interaction predict the strength of a contextualized, organization-specific prosocial helping identity (OSPHI) targeted at those same beneficiaries and that OSPHI leads to positive employee work outcomes. Results provide strong support for the model and demonstrate that beneficiary-specific prosocial helping identity had indirect relationships with intent to stay with the organization, experienced work meaning, and emotional exhaustion (negative), via OSPHI, only when met expectations for prosocial helping were weak. We discuss the value of OSPHI as an important construct that reflects the psychological state of 'being fully there' at work and predicts subsequent employee work outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary is a response to Veronica Csillag’s exploration of the influence of historical and transgenerational trauma on the lives of immigrants, and on the psychoanalytic process (this issue). Dr. Csillag’s paper deepens our understanding of the intrapsychic life of immigrants who have suffered collective trauma pre-migration and continue to suffer from “ghosts” from the past. Her ideas are critical to examining not only the specific traumas incurred in Europe related to the Nazi Holocaust and totalitarian and socialist regimes but also to contemporary traumas related to social identity and position in the United States. In this commentary, I elaborate three primary areas within Dr. Csillag’s contribution: (a) the illusion of choice in traumatic migration, (b) secrecy and privacy, and (c) experience of the outsider and the insider. My discussion underscores the importance of engaging with historical and ongoing trauma in psychoanalytic psychotherapy as a path to healing within individual and collective dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aimed to elicit stereotypes about personality characteristics of young adults residing in South Africa, based solely on music genres. Participants were 941 undergraduate students at a South African university. They responded to a number of surveys about music genre preferences and personality traits. Data were analysed for trends and patterns in personality attributions based on music genre preferences. The results indicated that participants hold distinct stereotypes about the personality traits, so that those with who preferred Classical, Blues and Jazz music were seen to display higher openness to experience than comparison groups with other music genre preferences. Those with Rap, Reggae and Folk music genre preferences were stereotyped as artistic and unconventional. Young South African adults appear to use musical preference to define personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by social identity theory (SIT), we set out to explore the degree to which collegiate student-athletes and a comparison group of non-athletes would demonstrate in-group favoritism and out-group bias. We also examined whether student-athletes' in-group favoritism could be reversed to create a 'black sheep effect' (BSE). Using an experimental 2 X 8 factorial mixed design, participants (athletes/non-athletes) read four brief scenarios in which athletic status of the main character (athlete/non-athlete) and the combination of aggression (high/low) and context (high athletic/low athletic) was manipulated. Multivariate analyses revealed an overall leniency effect for student-athletes compared to non-athlete participants, regardless of the main character's athletic status rather than the hypothesized in-group favoritism. In terms of out-group bias, separate main effects for participant athletic status and main character's athletic status indicated higher punishment and higher negative reflections to the university if the main character was described as a student-athlete compared to a non-athlete student. There was limited support for the BSE in one condition where athlete participants assigned more negative ratings on some dependent variables when the main character was identified as an athlete compared to a non-athlete. The results shed light on how students' athletic status and context relates to judgments of deviant student-athletes. Keywords: social identity theory, black sheep effect, intergroup dynamics, collegiate student-athletes, From the 1919 Black Sox scandal to the recent incidents involving high profile college football programs (e.g., University of Southern California, The Ohio State University, and University of Miami) and [...]

The rapidly growing technological pervasion and virtual communities have drastically changed the way people evaluate a technology brand in tradition. For that reason, this study explores technology brand loyalty to verify its key predictors and mediators for understanding such loyalty in depth. Specifically, this study predicts the effects of social identity complexity and need for social approval on technology brand loyalty by simultaneously assessing the mediating mechanisms of susceptibility to normative influence (SNI) and susceptibility to personality congruence (SPC). Using a survey of 312 smartphone users from the high-tech, financial, and service industries, empirical testing confirms that perceived value and SPC are direct drivers for brand loyalty. Brand loyalty can be enhanced if a clear personality of the brand appears for its major consumers based on the findings of this study. The inferences drawn from the sample in Taiwan are more generalizable to consumers in Asia rather than those in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shifting consumers towards sustainable behaviours is difficult, with an attitude–behaviour gap persistently reported. This study proposes a route towards sustainable behaviours that does not depend on individual attitudes or values: social identity forces within novel online brand-convened consumer groups. A field experiment using a fictitious fruit drink brand demonstrates that by assembling an online consumer group and providing it with sustainability objectives, consumers will engage in a sustainability-aligned behaviour, namely donating to social or environmental charities at the request of the firm, irrespective of their individual attitudes. Furthermore, this behaviour is accompanied by an improvement in brand attachment. As these effects are found within a newly-formed online group, practitioners may be able to achieve sustainability objectives through this mechanism even in the absence of well-established brand communities. The study contributes to social identity literature by demonstrating the impact of group identity effects in a consumer context, and by showing a mechanism by which the negative side of group identity – out-group derogation – can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the complex social reality of mixed ethnic residential areas, as reflected in drawn perceived neighbourhoods of Jews and Arabs living in homogenous and mixed neighbourhoods in Jaffa, Tel Aviv. Through in-depth interviews conducted among 89 Jaffa's residents, it illustrates how different perceptions about the residential area and its residents (including attitudes, emotions, feeling of fear/safety, collective identity and tolerant relations) are reflected in the form, size and consensus area of residents' perceived neighbourhoods. The study finds a clear association between tolerant attitudes and the size and consensus area of the perceived neighbourhoods. Arabs perceive their neighbourhood as significantly larger than Jews do and are characterised by a larger consensus area. These findings are explained by the Arab's strong social cohesion, common national identity, rootedness in Jaffa, as well as by tolerant attitudes towards Jaffa's Jewish population. The study demonstrates the interrelation between the spatial, social and perceptual dimensions associated with the mixed residential area, and illustrates how these dimensions are reflected in drawn perceived neighbourhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

South Africa in the 1950s not only witnessed the rise of apartheid, but the spread of black and white youth gang subcultures (tsotsis and Ducktails). This article is limited to white youths. It focuses on subcultural style and heterogeneity in collective identity. There has been a tendency in subcultural studies to homogenise members of subcultures in the search for a unique subcultural style. Although the Ducktail subculture was comprised of multifarious identities (gendered, racial and ethnic), it is contended here that the Ducktails' subcultural template is displayed through a heterogeneous collective identity which is visible in their stylistic tastes, language preferences and ritualistic socialising. It suggests that subcultural identities exist in an individual and collective form and urges scholars to allow for diversity and heterogeneity in subcultural accounts by drawing on the personal testimonies of 'subculturalists'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will use a psychodynamic lens to examine the policies of current and past Australian governments on the treatment of asylum seekers who have reached, and attempted to reach, Australia by boat. The paper contends that the failure of Australians past and present to adaptively solve the social problems arising from our colonial past - namely the illegal arrival of the First Fleet on the shores of Botany Bay, the British assertion of terra nullius, and the subsequent Stolen Generations has created an intertwined chosen glory/trauma which has enmeshed itself in the unconscious large group identity of Australians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, research on interrogation has not given much attention to how social and cultural forces possibly influence the interactions between interrogator and detainee. In this paper, we applied the principles of Social Identity Theory (SIT) to explore interrogators’ perceptions of how effective various interrogation methods are with detainees who are similar to themselves (i.e., in-group members) versus those who are dissimilar (i.e., out-group members). The social identity characteristics measured were culture, language, gender, and age. Using a sample of 225 interrogators and investigative interviewers from 10 countries who participated in an anonymous online survey, we found support for our hypothesis that interrogators were significantly more likely to report interrogation methods (defined as the six domains of Kelly et al.’s (2013) interrogation taxonomy) as being ‘very effective’ with in-group detainees than with out-group detainees. Additionally, we found that interrogators who reported higher levels of effectiveness and comfort with detainees from other cultures were significantly less likely to demonstrate in-group bias. Implications for practice and future research were considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various historical witnesses attest to the lavishness of Persian banquets. An overwhelmingly disproportionate number of these banquet scenes glut the Esther narrative to obviate against this motif's presence as simply literary garnishment or mere critique of Persian decadence. Rather, these banquet scenes coincide with typical motifs of hero myths to serve a literary function that advances the narrative's plot. The banquet motif underscores the typical hero motifs present to inform a reading of the Esther narrative as hero myth and its portrayal of Esther as heroine though not ostensibly so. Narrative analysis will also detail how this unlikely heroine saves the Jews from a villainous plot of ethnic genocide and subsequently redeems the tarnished reputation of the House of Saul. Final thoughts address the potential cultural function of Esther as heroine who models for diasporic Jews a guide to success with identity crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary reviews some of the central theoretical concepts and contentions that represent the intellectual scaffold of this special issue. It looks closely at the notions of collective identity and collective action as they figure in the work of Alberto Melucci. It then critically assesses the argument that these notions should give way to a new model emphasizing how social media connect the actions undertaken by independent individuals. The rich corpus of research reported in the articles is surveyed with the goal to map the positions the different authors take along the collective versus connective dichotomy and to highlight the ways in which their contributions advance our understanding of identity, connectivity and political action in the social media environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protest avatars, digital images that act as collective symbols for protest movements, have been widely used by supporters of the 2011 protest wave, from Egypt to Spain and the United States. From photos of Egyptian martyr Khaled Said, to protest posters and multiple variations of Anonymous' mask, a great variety of images have been adopted as profile pictures by Internet users to express their support for various causes and protest movements and communicate it to all their Internet peers. In this article, I explore protest avatars as forms of identification of protest movements in a digital era. I argue that protest avatars can be described as ‘memetic signifiers’ because (a) they are marked by a vagueness and inclusivity that distinguishes them from traditional protest symbols and (b) lend themselves to be used as memes for viral diffusion on social networks. In adopting these icons, participants experience a collective fusion in an online crowd, whose gathering is manifested in the very ‘masking’ of participants behind protest avatars. These forms of collective identification, while powerful in the short term, can however prove quite volatile, with Internet users often discarding avatars with relative ease, raising the question whether they can provide durable foundational elements of contemporary social movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops a conceptual framework for understanding collective action in the age of social media, focusing on the role of collective identity and the process of its making. It is grounded on an interactionist approach that considers organized collective action as a social construct with communicative action at its core [Melucci, A. 1996.Challenging codes: Collective action in the information age. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press]. It explains how micromobilization is mediated by social media, and argues that social media play a novel broker role in the activists' meaning construction processes. Social media impose precise material constraints on their social affordances, which have profound implications in both the symbolic production and organizational dynamics of social action. The materiality of social media deeply affects identity building, in two ways: firstly, it amplifies the ‘interactive and shared’ elements of collective identity (Melucci, 1996), and secondly, it sets in motion a politics of visibility characterized by individuality, performance, visibility, and juxtaposition. The politics of visibility, at the heart of what I call ‘cloud protesting’, exacerbates the centrality of the subjective and private experience of the individual in contemporary mobilizations, and has partially replaced the politics of identity typical of social movements. The politics of visibility creates individuals-in-the-group, whereby the ‘collective’ is experienced through the ‘individual’ and the group is the means of collective action, rather than its end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of life that a person leads depends critically on where it is led. Even taking into account levels of economic development, the chances of an individual surviving through infancy, growing up literate, or living a healthy, long life vary dramatically across regions of the world, in different countries, and within the same country. What are the causes of such variation in wellbeing? This article points to a factor that has been virtually ignored in the vast scholarship on social welfare and development—the solidarity that emerges from a sense of shared identity. The argument marks an important departure from the traditional emphasis on the role of class and electoral politics, as well as from the dominant view of the negative implications of identity for welfare. Combining statistical analyses of all Indian states and a comparative historical analysis of two Indian provinces, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh, this article demonstrates how the strength of attachment to the subnational political community—subnationalism—can drive a progressive social policy and improve developmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Almost all theories of multiculturalism (and similar differentiated rights) start by rejecting liberal state neutrality as unable adequately to address issues of diversity. In this article, I challenge this move and argue that neutrality has been wrongly characterised. Neutrality is an unrealisable yet still action-guiding political ideal that is not absolute. It only makes sense in relation to a particular range of things (in this case, people's ways of life), and needs to be sensitive to the changing nature of this range. Unlike neutrality as 'benign neglect', this allows it to be sufficiently neutral over time to changing ways of life. Yet difference sensitivity can be realised by either withdrawing support for all parties or actively assisting them. In the last part of the article, I argue that state neutrality should involve withdrawing support for favoured ways of life rather than actively recognising the various ways of life and identities of its citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of changes in the organization of sexual life among Russian women and to describe a spectrum of sexual scripts that characterize different generations. Based on biographical interviews with urban middle-class women we identify five such scripts of sexual life. On one hand, the analysis shows that representatives of the late Soviet generations are oriented towards the pronatal, romantic and friendship scripts of sexual relationships. Soviet women faced structural barriers in their sexual lives: gender inequality and lack of institutional provision of sexual practices. On the other hand, the analysis shows that the sexual culture of women belonging to the younger, post-Soviet generation differs considerably from that of their (demographic) mothers and grandmothers, the women of the Soviet generations. Among the women belonging to the post-Soviet generation, the hedonistic and instrumental scripts become more articulate. The current rationalization trend in sexual life presumes women's conscious choice of sexual partners and reproductive strategies. Women are reflexive towards their sexual desire and represent agency, acting intentionally in order to control intimate relationships in which they are involved. However, young women also face numerous barriers caused by the lack of institutional reflexivity on sexuality and gender polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Antípoda is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Antípoda is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2010.01665.x Byline: Colette van Laar (1), Belle Derks (1), Naomi Ellemers (1), Dennis Bleeker (1) Abstract: Presented is our perspective on the role of social identity in the motivation and performance of members of stigmatized groups (e.g., ethnic minorities, women in traditionally male-dominated fields). We discuss how stigmatized group members pursuing upward mobility face significant threats in out-group environments through the numerical dominance of the higher status out-group, the negative views held by the out-group of the low-status group, and the emphasis in out-group settings on domains on which the stigmatized group is outperformed. In these settings, emphasis on positive in-group domains protects social identity, and enhances motivation and performance on status-relevant domains. Moreover, upwardly mobile low-status group members show important benefits of social identity through in-group support for their upward mobility. As such, social identities can be viewed not as problematic factors needing to be minimalized, but can be drawn on to increase positive societal outcomes and improve low-status group status. Author Affiliation: (1)Leiden University Article note: (*) Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Colette van Laar, Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, The Netherlands [e-mail: cvlaar@fsw.leidenuniv.nl].

Stereotype threat spillover is a situational predicament in which coping with the stress of stereotype confirmation leaves one in a depleted volitional state and thus less likely to engage in effortful self-control in a variety of domains. We examined this phenomenon in 4 studies in which we had participants cope with stereotype and social identity threat and then measured their performance in domains in which stereotypes were not 'in the air.' In Study 1 we examined whether taking a threatening math test could lead women to respond aggressively. In Study 2 we investigated whether coping with a threatening math test could lead women to indulge themselves with unhealthy food later on and examined the moderation of this effect by personal characteristics that contribute to identity-threat appraisals. In Study 3 we investigated whether vividly remembering an experience of social identity threat results in risky decision making. Finally, in Study 4 we asked whether coping with threat could directly influence attentional control and whether the effect was implemented by inefficient performance monitoring, as assessed by electroencephalography. Our results indicate that stereotype threat can spill over and impact self-control in a diverse array of nonstereotyped domains. These results reveal the potency of stereotype threat and that its negative consequences might extend further than was previously thought. Keywords: stereotype threat, self-control, stress and coping, neuroscience, ego depletion DOI: 10.1037/a0018951

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2010.00339.x Byline: Cristina Flesher Fominaya (1) Abstract: Collective identity formation is important because it plays a crucial role in sustaining movements over time. Studying collective identity formation in autonomous groups in the Global Justice Movement poses a challenge because they encompass a multiplicity of identities, ideologies, issues, frames, collective action repertoires, and organizational forms. This article analyzes the process of collective identity formation in three anti-capitalist globalization groups in Madrid, Spain, based on 3 years of ethnographic fieldwork. The author argues that for new groups practicing participatory democracy the regular face-to-face assemblies are the crucial arena in which collective identity can form and must be both effective and participatory in order to foster a sense of commitment and belonging. The article raises the possibility that scholars should consider what seems to be an oxymoron: the possible benefits of 'failure' for social movements. Author Affiliation: (1)University of Aberdeen

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00626.x Byline: ANA MARIA DE SOUZA MELLO BICALHO (1), SCOTT WILLIAM HOEFLE (1) Keywords: Amazon; economic development; social identity; community empowerment; multi-scalar politics Abstract: Abstract A multi-dimensional and multi-scalar perspective is used to contrast different experiences with community development involving new settlers, the historic riverine peasantry and Amerindians on and beyond the advancing frontier in the Brazilian Amazon. Local development is shown to occur only when a compromise is reached between the economic development of individual farmers, common social background and community political empowerment. However, the local development of communities does not necessarily result in regional development because contradictions present between political actors can cancel out gains in one dimension or scale vis-a-vis others and so frustrate wider processes. Author Affiliation: (1)Laboratorio de Gestao do Territorio, Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-590, Brazil. Article History: Received 20 June 2008; Revised 12 March 2009; Accepted 20 April 2009 Article note: (*) Email: scotthoefle@acd.ufrj.br

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.12.003 Byline: Esteban F. Klor (a)(b), Moses Shayo (a) Keywords: Social identity; Social preferences; Income redistribution; Experimental economics Abstract: We design an experiment to study the effects of social identity on preferences over redistribution. The experiment highlights the trade-off between social identity concerns and maximization of monetary payoffs. Subjects belonging to two distinct natural groups are randomly assigned gross incomes and vote over alternative redistributive tax regimes, where the regime is chosen by majority rule. We find that a significant subset of the subjects systematically deviate from monetary payoff maximization towards the tax rate that benefits their group when the monetary cost of doing so is not too high. These deviations cannot be explained by efficiency concerns, inequality aversion, reciprocity, social learning or conformity. Finally, we show that behavior in the lab helps explain the relationship between reported income and stated preferences over redistribution observed in survey data. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Economics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel (b) Centre for Economic Policy Research, CEPR Article History: Received 8 January 2009; Revised 9 December 2009; Accepted 21 December 2009

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00585.x Byline: Lisa Molix (1), B. Ann Bettencourt ([dagger]) Abstract: Two studies examine the impact of individual differences in group identity on psychological empowerment and well-being among members of the ethnic minority and majority. Study 1 revealed an interaction between ethnicity and group identity in predicting empowerment and well-being. Moreover, the results revealed that psychological empowerment partially mediated the relationship between group identity and well-being among ethnic minorities. Using a mini-longitudinal design, the results of Study 2 revealed interactions between ethnicity and group identity at Time 1 predicting psychological empowerment, well-being, and positive affect at Time 2. In addition, the results confirmed psychological empowerment at Time 2 as a mediator of the relationship between group identity at Time 1 and well-being at Time 2. Author Affiliation: (*)Tulane University ([dagger])University of Missouri Article note: (1) Lisa Molix, Department of Psychological Sciences, 2007 Percival Stern Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118; Internet: Lmolix@Tulane.edu; Telefax: 504.862.8744.

While abundant publications attempt to analyze and understand what makes humans creative, much less attention is being paid to institutional conditions which may enhance or impede creative work. On the basis of evidence from Cambridge and AT&T's Bell Laboratories, and as a condensation of the Janelia Experiment, an institutional focus on "small groups" and "open doors" may foster individual and group creativity. The evidence suggests that small organizational units of up to seven scientists and open door concepts could nurture interactions within and between groups and enhance the critical mass for individual and group creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commentary to: The case for investigating social context in laboratory studies of smoking [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicação, Mídia e Consumo is the property of Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magis: Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thoughts are typically dismissed as sources of distraction that hinder a mindful awareness of ongoing experience. Although this may be said of some thoughts, we focus on the undervalued role that regulatory thoughts play in the development and maintenance of mindful action. To do so, we explore the function of thoughts from the perspective of action identification theory. The application of action identification principles to mindfulness yields a new understanding of how the mind coordinates mindful action, with implications for mindfulness instruction, practice, and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social categorization research has historically focused either on understanding how observers utilize visual cues in the face and body to make judgments of others or on understanding the downstream consequences that occur following social categorizations, but rarely both. Recently, however, research has evidenced a marked shift toward an integrated approach. Here, we provide a snapshot of social vision's contributions to the study of social categorization with a goal of illuminating the new and exciting directions afforded by an integrative approach. From this perspective, social categorizations are characterized not only as being informed by visual cues but also as being malleable, probabilistic, and contextualized. Moreover, the process of categorization itself can affect evaluative outcomes directly, independent of categorization. By exploring empirical evidence for this integrated approach to the determinants and consequences of social categorization, we show how the emerging field of social vision has revealed new insights into the nature of social categorization and by extension its implications for evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration and multiculturalism are key factors of social change in Italy. The increased number of adolescents and young people belonging to the second generation of immigrants is one of the most important issues. In the context of a globalised, complex and fluid society, the presence of second generation migrants, most of whom were born in Italy, has accelerated the crisis in the concept of Italian identity - understood to be traditionally formed from the unity of religion, language, race and territorial belonging. Religion is part of young immigrants' cultures, values and ways of life. Generally more secularized than their parents, sometimes attracted to extremisms, boys and girls have to negotiate their different religious attitudes in the private and social contexts. At the same time, and particularly for Muslims, they have to face the effects of stereotypes, prejudices and discriminations. Given this scenario, educational agencies are called to play a leading role to disseminate knowledge on the many religions, to deconstruct prejudices and to promote dialogue and inter-religious activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive traumas at the hands of 'enemies' affect both individuals and societies for decades. For the Cypriot Turks, their massive trauma started in 1963-1964 when they were forced to live in subhuman conditions in enclaves geographically limited to three percent of the island for eleven years. What happened during the summer of 1974 obviously traumatized the Cypriot Greeks too on a massive scale. Psychoanalysts who have studied the trans-generational transmission of massive social trauma inform us that if the impact of such trauma is denied or repressed, it will still manifest itself in various ways in new generations. The 'therapeutic' way of dealing with previous generations' massive social traumas is not to deny or repress what happened to the ancestors, but to be aware of the history. There could be no solution on the island without understanding and addressing traumas of both communities., When Cypriot Greeks and Cypriot Turks, and in fact Greeks and Turks in general, speak or write about what has happened in Cyprus during the last five decades, they select [...]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2008.00191.x Byline: Clare Saunders (1) Keywords: Collective identity; social movements; solidarity; environmental movement Abstract: Abstract Perhaps by virtue of its theoretical slipperiness, collective identity is often hailed as an important feature of social movements for the role it plays in unifying activists and organizations, and so helping them to develop shared concerns and engage in collective action. However, this paper argues that collective identity is the result of group rather than movement level processes, and although it can unite activists within a single movement organization, it is not always beneficial for the broader social movement. Although movements consist of networks of activists and organizations that have a broad shared concern, differing collective identities within the movement can actually be quite divisive. Based on case studies of three organizations in the environmental movement, this paper shows that activists who are most committed to an organization with an encompassing collective identity develop a strong sense of solidarity with other activists similarly committed to that organization. The resultant solidarity leads to the construction of a 'we-them' dichotomy between organizations within the same movement, increasing the chances of hostility between organizations and factions within the movement. Author Affiliation: (1)School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent at Canterbury Article History: (Date accepted, October 2007) Article note: email: c.e.saunders@kent.ac.uk