Search

Based on 16 recommendations, efforts should be made to achieve the following goal: By 2025, all scholarly publication activity in Austria should be Open Access. In other words, the final versions of all scholarly publications resulting from the support of public resources must be freely accessible on the Internet without delay (Gold Open Access). The resources required to meet this obligation shall be provided to the authors, or the cost of the publication venues shall be borne directly by the research organisations.

Der Blick auf internationale Aktivitäten zu Open Science zeigt ein breites Spektrum von einzelnen institutionellen Policies bis hin zu nationalen Aktionsplänen. Die vorliegenden Empfehlungen für eine nationale Open Science Strategie in Österreich orientieren sich an diesen internationalen Initiativen und stellen praktische Überlegungen für ihre koordinierte Implementierung im Hinblick auf strategische Entwicklungen in Forschung, Technologie und Innovation (FTI) bis 2030 in Österreich dar. Dabei richten sie sich an alle relevanten Akteur*innen im FTI System, im Besonderen an Forschungsstätten, Forschungsförderer, Forschungspolitik, Gedächtnisinstitutionen wie Bibliotheken und Wissenschafter*innen. Das Empfehlungspapier wurde von 2018 bis 2020 von der OANA-Arbeitsgruppe "Open Science Strategie" entwickelt und im Frühling 2020 das erste Mal für eine öffentliche Konsultation veröffentlicht. Die nun vorliegende finale Version des Empfehlungsdokuments, die Feedback und Kommentare aus der Konsultation enthält, soll ein Anstoß für die weitere Diskussion und Umsetzung von Open Science in Österreich sein und als Beitrag und Grundlage einer potentiellen nationalen Open Science Strategie in Österreich dienen. Das Dokument baut auf der vielfältigen Expertise der Autor*innen auf (Wissenschaft, Administration, Bibliothek und Archiv, Informationstechnologie, Wissenschaftspolitik, Förderwesen etc.) und spiegelt deren persönliche Erfahrungen und Meinung wider. A look at international activities on Open Science reveals a broad spectrum from individual institutional policies to national action plans. The present Recommendations for a National Open Science Strategy in Austria are based on these international initiatives and present practical considerations for their coordinated implementation with regard to strategic developments in research, technology and innovation (RTI) in Austria until 2030. They are addressed to all relevant actors in the RTI system, in particular to Research Performing Organisations, Research Funding Organisations, Research Policy, memory institutions such as Libraries and Researchers. The recommendation paper was developed from 2018 to 2020 by the OANA working group "Open Science Strategy" and published for the first time in spring 2020 for a public consultation. The now available final version of the recommendation document, which contains feedback and comments from the consultation, is intended to provide an impetus for further discussion and implementation of Open Science in Austria and serves as a contribution and basis for a potential national Open Science Strategy in Austria. The document builds on the diverse expertise of the authors (academia, administration, library and archive, information technology, science policy, funding system, etc.) and reflects their personal experiences and opinions.

Gestutzt auf 16 Empfehlungen sollten Anstrengungen gemacht werden, um folgendes Ziel zu erreichen: Bis 2025 ist die gesamte wissenschaftliche Publikationstatigkeit in Osterreich auf Open Access umgestellt. Das bedeutet, dass alle wissenschaftlichen Publikationen, die aus Unterstutzungen mit offentlichen Mitteln hervorgegangen sind, ohne Zeitverzogerung und in der finalen Version im Internet frei zuganglich sind (Gold Open Access). Die notwendigen Mittel werden den AutorInnen zur Verfugung gestellt oder die Kosten der Publikationsorgane werden direkt von den Wissenschaftsorganisationen getragen. Gestutzt auf 16 Empfehlungen sollten Anstrengungen gemacht werden, um folgendes Ziel zu erreichen: Bis 2025 ist die gesamte wissenschaftliche Publikationstatigkeit in Osterreich auf Open Access umgestellt. Das bedeutet, dass alle wissenschaftlichen Publikationen, die aus Unterstutzungen mit offentlichen Mitteln hervorgegangen sind, ohne Zeitverzogerung und in der finalen Version im Internet frei zuganglich sind (Gold Open Access). Die notwendigen Mittel werden den AutorInnen zur Verfugung gestellt oder die Kosten der Publikationsorgane werden direkt von den Wissenschaftsorganisationen getragen. Normal 0 21 false false false DE-AT X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

Based on 16 recommendations, efforts should be made to achieve the following goal: By 2025, a large part of all scholarly publication activity in Austria should be Open Access. In other words, the final versions of most scholarly publications (in particular all refereed journal articles and conference proceedings) resulting from the support of public resources must be freely accessible on the Internet without delay (Gold Open Access). This goal should be pursued by taking into account the different disciplinary practices and under consideration of the different disciplinary priorisations of Open Access. The resources required to meet this obligation shall be provided to the authors, or the cost of the publication venues shall be borne directly by the research organisations. The necessary funding must be brought in line with the overall funding priorities for research.

Based on 16 recommendations, efforts should be made to achieve the following goal: By 2025, all scholarly publication activity in Austria should be Open Access. In other words, the final versions of all scholarly publications resulting from the support of public resources must be freely accessible on the Internet without delay (Gold Open Access). The resources required to meet this obligation shall be provided to the authors, or the cost of the publication venues shall be borne directly by the research organisations.

Under conditions of environmental stress, the plasma membrane is involved in several regulatory processes to promote cell survival, like maintenance of signaling pathways, cell wall organization and intracellular ion homeostasis. PUN1 encodes a plasma membrane protein localizing to the ergosterol-rich membrane compartment occupied also by the arginine permease Can1. We found that the PUN1 (YLR414c) gene is transcriptionally induced upon metal ion stress. Northern blot analysis of the transcriptional regulation of PUN1 showed that the calcium dependent transcription factor Crz1p is required for PUN1 induction upon heavy metal stress. Here we report that mutants deleted for PUN1 exhibit increased metal ion sensitivity and morphological abnormalities. Microscopical and ultrastructural observations revealed a severe cell wall defect of pun1∆ mutants. By using chemical cross-linking, Blue native electrophoresis, and co-immunoprecipitation we found that Pun1p forms homo-oligomeric protein complexes. We propose that Pun1p is a stress-regulated factor required for cell wall integrity, thereby expanding the functional significance of lateral plasma membrane compartments., Research highlights ► PUN1 is induced upon metal ion stress. ► Deletion of PUN1 causes metal ion sensitivity and a yeast cell wall defect. ► Under metal ion stress PUN1 is regulated by the calcineurin/Crz1p pathway. ► Pun1p forms higher-order protein complexes.

Der Sterntalerhof hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, Familien in Ausnahmesituationen, wie bei schweren Erkrankungen, Behinderungen oder nach traumatischen Ereignissen ein Stuck ihres Weges zu begleiten. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt hierbei den jungen Gasten, die von einer chronischen, lebensbedrohlichen oder lebenslimitierenden Erkrankung betroffen sind. Der Sterntalerhof versteht sich als Raststelle (ursprunglicher Begriff von Hospiz), wo alle Familienmitglieder zur Ruhe kommen und wieder Kraft tanken, um mit Zuversicht ihren eigenen Weg in vertrauter Umgebung gehen zu konnen. Neben Kunst-und Musiktherapie ist die therapeutische Arbeit mit Pferden ein groser Bestandteil dieser Form palliativer Begleitung.

Der Sterntalerhof hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, Familien in Ausnahmesituationen, wie bei schweren Erkrankungen, Behinderungen oder nach traumatischen Ereignissen ein Stuck ihres Weges zu begleiten. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt hierbei den jungen Gasten, die von einer chronischen, lebensbedrohlichen oder lebenslimitierenden Erkrankung betroffen sind. Der Sterntalerhof versteht sich als Raststelle (ursprunglicher Begriff von Hospiz), wo alle Familienmitglieder zur Ruhe kommen und wieder Kraft tanken, um mit Zuversicht ihren eigenen Weg in vertrauter Umgebung gehen zu konnen. Neben Kunst-und Musiktherapie ist die therapeutische Arbeit mit Pferden ein groser Bestandteil dieser Form palliativer Begleitung.

Alr1p is an integral plasma membrane protein essential for uptake of Mg(2+) into yeast cells. Homologs of Alr1p are restricted to fungi and some protozoa. Alr1-type proteins are distant relatives of the mitochondrial and bacterial Mg(2+)-transport proteins, Mrs2p and CorA, respectively, with which they have two adjacent TM domains and a short Mg(2+) signature motif in common. The yeast genome encodes a close homolog of Alr1p, named Alr2p. Both proteins are shown here to be present in the plasma membrane. Alr2p contributes poorly to Mg(2+) uptake. Substitution of a single arginine with a glutamic acid residue in the loop connecting the two TM domains at the cell surface greatly improves its function. Both proteins are shown to form homo-oligomers as well as hetero-oligomers. Wild-type Alr2p and mutant Alr1 proteins can have dominant-negative effects on wild-type Alr1p activity, presumably through oligomerization of low-function with full-function proteins. Chemical cross-linking indicates the presence of Alr1 oligomers, and split-ubiquitin assays reveal Alr1p-Alr1p, Alr2p-Alr2p, and Alr1p-Alr2p interactions. These assays also show that both the N-terminus and C-terminus of Alr1p and Alr2p are exposed to the inner side of the plasma membrane.

Bacteriophage-lambda-induced host-cell lysis requires two phage-encoded proteins, the S holin and the R transglycosylase. At a specific time during infection, the holin forms a lesion in the cytoplasmic membrane that permits access of the R protein to its substrate, the peptidoglycan. The lambda S gene represents the prototype of holin genes with a dual-start motif; they encode two proteins, a lysis effector and a lysis inhibitor. Although the two S proteins differ only by two amino acids (Met-1 and Lys-2) at the N-terminus, the longer product (S107) acts as an inhibitor of the lysis effector (S105). The functional difference between the proteins has been previously ascribed to the Lys-2 residue in S107. It was therefore of interest to determine the subcellular localization of the N-terminus of either S protein. To study the membrane topology of the S proteins, we used the topology probe TEM beta-lactamase and an N-terminal tag derived from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage Pf3 coat protein. We show that both S proteins have a type III (Nout/Cin) topology. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanism imposed by the dual-start motif and will be discussed in terms of a model for temporal regulation of the S-dependent "hole" in the membrane.http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00203/bibs/172n1p31.html

In this study, we have examined the influence of initiation factors on translation initiation of leaderless mRNAs whose 5'-terminal residues are the A of the AUG initiating codon. A 1:1 ratio of initiation factors to ribosomes abolished ternary complex formation at the authentic start codon of different leaderless mRNAs. Supporting this observation, in vitro translation assays using limiting ribosome concentrations with competing leaderless lambda cl and Escherichia coli ompA mRNAs, the latter containing a canonical ribosome binding site, revealed reduced cl synthesis relative to OmpA in the presence of added initiation factors. Using in vitro toeprinting and in vitro translation assays, we show that this effect can be attributed to IF3. Moreover, in vivo studies revealed that the translational efficiency of a leaderless reporter gene is decreased with increased IF3 levels. These studies are corroborated by the observed increased translational efficiency of a leaderless reporter construct in an infC mutant strain unable to discriminate against non-standard start codons. These results suggest that, in the absence of a leader or a Shine-Dalgarno sequence, the function(s) of IF3 limits stable 30S ternary complex formation.

The phage Lambda PRM promoter-derived cI mRNA and phage P2 gene V mRNA are transcribed beginning with the A residue of the AUG start codon. Using lacZ fusion analysis we have assessed the effects of alterations in the immediate downstream coding region on the translational efficiency of these mRNAs. Mutations, including deletions of the putative downstream box of either cI or gene V mRNAs, showed no significant reduction in expression of the different lacZ fusions. Primer extension inhibition analysis suggests a role of ribosomal protein S1 in cI mRNA recognition.

Der Reisanbau auf Bali ist eine Form der Kultivierung, welche sich seit Jahrtausenden bewährt hat. Das Besondere an diesem Reisanbausystem ist die enge Verwobenheit der ökologischen Verhältnisse mit dem sozialen Leben der Menschen und den kulturellen Komponenten. Es ist nicht möglich, diese drei Elemente voneinander zu trennen. Anhand dieser Diplomarbeit möchte ich aufzeigen, wie sich diese Elemente gegenseitig beeinflussen, und wie sich die soziokulturellen Gegebenheiten wandeln, wenn man in einer dieser Komponenten eingreift. Mit Hilfe der vier von mir gewählten Faktoren: Politik, Wirtschaft, Ökologie („Grüne Revolution) und Tourismus, versuche ich herauszufinden, welche Transformationen stattgefunden haben, wodurch diese ausgelöst wurden und was diese Veränderungen für die Gesellschaft bedeuten., The rice cultivation in Bali is since a thousands of years a successful form of agriculture. The uniqueness of this way of cultivating is the strong connection between the ecological, social and cultural elements. It is not possible to separate these three components from each other. On the basis of my thesis, I want to show how these elements affect each other and the way of sociocultural changes through intervening in one of these elements. With the aid of the four factors: politics, economy, ecology („Green Revolution“) and tourism, I want to get the bottom of the transformations, how did they happen, why did they happen and what does these changes mean for the society.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ALR1 (YOL130w) gene product Alr1p is the first known candidate for a Mg(2+) transport system in eukaryotic cells and is distantly related to the bacterial CorA Mg(2+) transporter family. Here we provide the first experimental evidence for the location of Alr1p in the yeast plasma membrane and for the tight control of its expression and turnover by Mg(2+). Using well characterized npi1 and end3 mutants deficient in the endocytic pathway, we demonstrate that Alr1 protein turnover is dependent on ubiquitination and endocytosis. Furthermore, cells lacking the vacuolar protease Pep4p accumulated Alr1p in the vacuole. Mutants lacking Alr1p (Deltaalr1) showed a 60% reduction of total intracellular Mg(2+) compared with the wild type and failed to grow in standard media. When starved of Mg(2+), mutant and wild-type cells had similar low levels of intracellular Mg(2+); but upon addition of Mg(2+), wild-type cells replenished the intracellular Mg(2+) pool within a few hours, whereas Deltaalr1 mutant cells did not. Expression of the bacterial Mg(2+) transporter CorA in the yeast Deltaalr1 mutant partially restored growth in standard media. The results are discussed in terms of Alr1p being a plasma membrane transporter with high selectivity for Mg(2+).

The lambda S gene represents the prototype of holin genes with a dual-start motif, which leads to the synthesis of two polypeptides, S105 and S107. They differ at their N-terminus by only two amino acids, Met-1 and Lys-2, at the beginning of the longer product. Despite the minor difference, the two proteins have opposing functions in lysis, with protein S107 being an inhibitor and protein S105 being an effector of 'hole formation' in the inner membrane. Here, we have studied the molecular mechanism underlying the 'lysis clock' contributed by the dual-start motif. We have used protein fusions in which the secretory signal sequence of the M13 procoat protein VIII has been abutted to the N-terminal Met residues of S105 and S107 respectively. S-dependent 'hole formation' required removal of the signal sequence in both fusion proteins, as both the VIII-S105 and the VIII-S107 fusion proteins were non-functional when leader peptidase cleavage was inhibited. These results strongly supported the hypothesis that functional assembly of S proteins requires translocation of their N-terminus to the periplasm. Using signal sequence cleavage as a measure of translocation, we observed that the translocation kinetics of the N-terminus of the S107 moiety was reduced about threefold when compared with the N-terminus of the S105 moiety. Moreover, depolarization of the membrane resulted in an immediate cleavage of the signal sequence and 'hole formation' exerted by the S107 moiety of the VIII-S107 fusion protein. A model is presented in which S107 with a reversed topology of its N-terminus interacts with S105 and poisons 'hole formation'. Upon depolarization of the membrane, translocation of the N-terminus of S107 to the periplasm results in the functional assembly of S proteins, i.e. 'hole formation'.

Available evidence indicates that oligomerization of the bacteriophage lambda S holin leads to a non-specific lesion in the cytoplasmic membrane which permits transit of the phage encoded transglycosylase to the periplasm. In an attempt to locate an intermolecular interaction domain in S a chimeric protein comprising the N-terminal 32 aa of phage PhiX174 lysis protein E and the last 75 aa of lambda S has been constructed. We report that the E phi S fusion protein is stable, membrane bound, and inhibits S-mediated lysis in trans. C-terminal truncations of the E phi S fusion protein indicated that the hydrophilic C-terminal end of S (i.e. the last 15 aa) is non-essential for oligomerization.

120 consecutive unselected patients with chronic non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation without anticoagulant therapy were examined by transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. Patients with a history of an ischaemic cerebrovascular event (n = 4) had left atrial thrombi, spontaneous contrast or both significantly more often (n = 25, 61%) than patients in the control group (24/79 = 30%). However, when compared with controls, patients with a history of cerebrovascular events were also older, and had hypertension and left ventricular disease (ejection fraction45%) more often. Abnormal carotid duplex scans were also very common in this group (71%). Transoesophageal echocardiography is useful for evaluating the risk of cerebrovascular complications in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. However, the method is quite insensitive (61%) and therefore insufficient as the sole parameter for deciding the need for anticoagulation. It is likely that cerebrovascular complications in these polymorbid patients are partially caused by other factors than embolism from the left atrium.