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For thousands of years, cereal grains have been a primary source for the nutrition of the human population and during the period after major crops’ domestication, agriculture radically transformed human societies worldwide. The most important cereal species in agriculture are maize, rice, wheat, triticale, rye, barley, oats, sorghum, and millets, with a total yield of more than 2750 million tonnes (FAOSTAT, 2021). For the majority of the population, cereal crops remain the major source of calories. In developing countries, cereals provide about 60% of the calories, while in the poorest countries cereal parts in daily calories uptake reach more than 80% (Awika, 2011). On the other hand, in the developed world, approximately 30% of the calories come directly from cereals. Moreover, cereals are essential for animal feed in about 36% of world consumption and industrial.

The effect of simulated glyphosate drift on six maize hybrids (NS 6102, as 334, Lucius, Confites, DKC 5031 and P0216) was investigated in Kulpin during the vegetation season of 2018. Glyphosate was applied in two growth stages: in stages 3-4 and 6-7 of fully formed maize leaves, with five different sublethal doses of the herbicide: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 g ha-1. Phytotoxicity assessments of glyphosate were performed 7, 14, and 21 days after herbicide application. Analysis of the results has shown that glyphosate in the dose of 160 g ha-1 in the phase of 3-4 maize leaves caused only slight damages, without affecting the height and grain yield, while phytotoxicity was not observed at lower applied doses. Significant phytotoxicity on maize plants in the form of chlorosis, leaf curling and notable necrotic area was found when applying glyphosate in the dose of 160 g ha-1 in the phase of 6-7 leaves. Maize hybrids tested in this treatment have achieved an 81% lower yield on average, when compared to the control. Hybrids treated with the dose of 80 g ha-1 of glyphosate had a reduced yield by 30%, while in other lower doses the reduction in yield ranged between 25 and 18%, compared to the control.

The trial in this study was carried out in field conditions throughout three years from plots where seed production of sunflower parental lines was established. Eight genotypes were examined; namely RHA-UK, RHA-ST59, RHA-SES-IMI, RHA-SNRF, RHA-E-ANN-65, RHA-RU-3, RHA-CDN, and RHA-N-M-1. All the examined genotypes are parental components of the best sunflower hybrids developed by the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. Relationships between seed yield and eight different traits in sunflower were studied - oil and protein content, seed germination, 1000-seed weight, head diameter, number of branches and leaves and plant height. The same analyses were carried out for comparison of oil content. A highly significant positive correlation was determined between plant height and number of branches; plant height and the number of leaves; plant height and head diameter; plant height and seed yield; number of branches and yield; the number of leaves and yield; head diameter and seed yield; number of leaves and number of branches; number of leaves and head diameter and between seed germination and oil content. Path analysis indicated highest significant direct effect of plant height on yield (0.439**). The number of branches had a significant positive direct effect on yield (0.260*). In the study of indirect effects on yield, thirteen significant effects were determined. The study of direct effects on oil content showed that the plant height and number of leaves diameter had high significant effects (0.800** and -0.847**). The existence of indirect significant effects on oil content was determined in nine cases. Ispitivani su odnosi prinosa semena i osam svojstava kod suncokreta - sadržaj ulja i proteina u semenu, klijavost semena, težina 1000 semena, prečnik glave, broj grana, broj listova i visina biljke. Ista analiza urađena je za sadržaj ulja u semenu suncokreta. Statistički visoko značajna korelacija utvrđena je upoređivanjem sledećih parametara ispitivanja: visina biljke i broja bočnih grana; visina biljke i prinosa semena; broja bočnih grana i prinosa semena; broja listova i prinosa semena; prečnika glave i prinosa semena; broja listova i broja bočnih grana; broja listova i prečnika glave te klijavosti semena i sadržaja ulja u semenu. Path analiza je pokazala visoko statistički značajan pozitivan direktan uticaj visine biljke na prinos semena (0,439**) suncokreta. Broj grana po biljci imao je statistički značajan pozitivan direktan uticaj na prinos semena (0,260*). U posmatranju indirektnih efekata na prinos utvrđeno je trinaest različitih statistički značajnih slučajeva. Kod analize direktnih efekata na sadržaj ulja u semenu utvrđeni su visoko statistički značajne vrednosti kod visine biljke i broja listova (0,800** i -0,847**). Prilikom analize indirektnih efekata na sadržaj ulja u semenu suncokreta utvrđeno je devet statistički značajnih slučajeva.

Harvest residues of field crops are important for matter cycling in the agroecosystem, especially when organic fertilizers are not applied in adequate amounts. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of increasing nitrogen doses and harvest residues (HR) on corn yield. The international stationary field trial (ISDV) has been established on a calcareous chernozem soil, at Rimski Sancevi, on Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. This paper review two-year average yields on corn hybrid NS 3022. The trial had six treatments, three with HR (0, 100, 200 kg N ha-1 ) and three without HR (0, 100, 200 kg N ha1 ). The experiment was set up in three-crop rotation (corn, soybean, wheat). The average yield with and without HR treatments was 7.22 t ha-1 . The average yield obtained on treatments with HR was 7.64 t ha-1 , which was higher by 0.85 t ha-1 (12.52%) than the average yield on treatments without HR (6.79 t ha-1 ). The highest yield on treatments with HR was achieved with 100 kg N ha-1 a (8.44 t ha-1 ) while the highest yield on treatments without HR was obtained with 200 kg N ha-1 (8.56 t ha-1). On average, HR increased the yield of corn grain in the control treatment by 1.18 t ha-1 . To achieve good yields of corn grain, optimal nitrogen doses on treatments with HR should range from 100 kg N ha-1 to 200 kg N ha-1 , while on treatments without HR optimal doses of nitrogen should be closer to 200 kg N ha-1.

This paper presents the basic elements of maize production technology in Serbia. For their good knowledge, it is necessary to be familiar with the basic biological requirements of the species, phenology and its particular requirements for water, heat, soil conditions and mineral nutrition. A special emphasis in this paper is given to recent research by the author regarding the correction of production technology (selection of hybrids, time and density of sowing, etc.) from the aspect of knowing the weather conditions of the year to the moment of sowing and the amount and position of available nitrogen in the soil profile during the spring before sowing. In the light of predicted climate change conditions for the Republic of Serbia, the authors of this paper have proposed and appropriated adaptation measures. The general conclusion is that there are no general recipes for the correct production technology of this plant species, but should be adapted to each specific year, field and hybrid.

The presence of excessive salts in the soil and irrigation water can change the growth and affect the metabolic functions of plants. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is often cultivated in arid and semiarid areas where irrigation with low-quality water and uneven distribution of rainfall may contribute to the accumulation of salts in the substrate. In the present study, coriander plants were cultivated in half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0.2, 0.6 and 1.2 g NaCl L−1 to assess the effect of low concentrations of NaCl on biomass production and mineral nutrients accumulation (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P). The presence of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.2 g NaCl L−1 slightly stimulated biomass production. The concentration of Na increased in coriander tissues (up to 4 times relative to control). However, concentration of K and Ca in leaves of plants treated with 1.2 g NaCl L−1 was decreased with respect to control. Based on the findings, even though biomass of coriander, under applied NaCl concentrations, was slightly increased, the chemical composition of its vegetative organs was severely disrupted by present salt which is very important for the quality of coriander as a popular herb or spice plant.

Sugar beet cultivars have different responses in various environments, such as different locations, years, mineral nutrition treatments or the combination of these factors, due to genotype × environment interaction. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) is one of the most commonly used multivariate methods for analysis and visualization of genotype × environment interaction data. The main goals of the present study were to (i) investigate the application of AMMI method in the analysis of genotype × fertilizer interaction in sugar beet, (ii) to assess genotype × fertilizer interaction, and (iii) to identify sugar beet cultivars with the most stable response and high yield performance across different mineral nutrition treatments. The trial with eight sugar beet cultivars was conducted in two successive growing seasons at Rimski šančevi, Serbia. The different levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizers (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and their combinations represented specific environments for testing genotype × fertilizer interaction. Results from the analysis of variance indicated that the fertilizer treatment, cultivars, and their interaction significantly affected root yield variation in both seasons. Results from our study suggest that AMMI model with two and three first IPCA axes were recommended in 2014 and 2015, respectively. According to AMMI 1 and AMMI 2 biplot, E14 and E15 were high yielding and among the most stable treatments in both years. Among high yielding genotypes in 2014, G4 and G8 stand out as the most stable, while in the following year G3 had the lowest interaction score. AMMI analysis enabled identification of specific associations between cultivars and different mineral nutrition treatments, which was important for adjustment of fertilizer management for each cultivar in order to achieve high root yield with decreased and more rational fertilizer doses. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR31015]

Since maize is grown in climatically diverse regions and under different production conditions, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of two common stress factors (drought and salinity), on seed germination, as well as on seedling root and shoot length of maize hybrids. The experiments were conducted in 2015, in the Laboratory for Seed Testing of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops from Novi Sad, Serbia, on seven maize hybrids from different maturity groups (from FAO 300 to FAO 700). For simulation of drought conditions we have used polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (control and concentration of 1, 10, 16 and 23%). For study of salt stress, NaCl in concentration of 0.02, 0.07, 0.12, 0.17, 0.20 and 0.22 M has been used. The data obtained were processed by ANOVA. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used to measure statistical differences between treatment methods and the control. In drought stress study, germination percentage started to decrease at the 0.1 MPa. Root and seedling length were less affected by PEG treatment. In salt stress study, a significant drop in germination was observed at the concentration of 0.20 M of NaCl.

Seremesic, Srdjan/0000-0003-4467-9601; Mackic, Ksenija/0000-0002-2195-7982; Jacimovic, Goran/0000-0001-7538-6006 WOS: 000389658100002 Mitigation of global climate change impact on the agricultural production is the major priorities in future research. Cowpea as a drought tolerant plant is interesting for growing in semi-arid climate of the Vojvodina region. The effect of water stress on yield of cultivated plants can be obtained by calculating the yield response factor (Ky) which represents the ratio between the relative evapotranspiration deficit (1-ETa/ETm) and the relative decline in yield (1-Y-a/Y-m). The values of Ky ranged from 0.91 to 1.17 for genotype G(1) and G(2) respectively. Genotype G(1), with a value lower than 1 of Ky, shows a good tolerance to water deficit, on the contrary, genotype G(2), with a greater Ky than 1, expresses some sensitivity to water stress. Obtained results will be used in breeding programs to develop cowpea cultivars tolerant to stressful conditions, primarily to water stress, as well as more productive in water use. Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia [TR 031016, 31030] This study is part of the TR 031016 and 31030 projects financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia. All authors contributed equally to this work.

SUMMARYThe Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) v. 4·2 crop model was used to estimate climate change impacts on soybean yield in Serbia in simulations for 2030 and 2050 integration periods using three global climate change models (GCMs): the European Centre Hamburg Model (ECHAM), The Hadley Centre Coupled Model (HadCM) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Parallel Climate Model (NCAR-PCM) under two scenarios from the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC 2001): A1B SRES and A2 SRES. Input data included weather data from a 1971–2000 baseline period from ten weather stations assimilated from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Output results from the three GCMs under the two scenarios for 2030 and 2050 were statistically downscaled with the ‘Met & Roll’ weather generator for predicted climate conditions. Mechanical and chemical soil properties were collected in the vicinity of weather stations and analysed by the Agency for Environmental Safety in Belgrade. Genetic coefficients, for the soybean maturity group II variety, were slightly modified using the DSSAT-SOYGRO model ones. The results showed a considerable benefit of carbon dioxide fertilization on soybean yield and yield increases at all locations. The greatest estimated yield increases obtained using outputs the HadCM model for 2030 both scenarios; in 2050, however, the A2 scenario resulted in smaller increase in yield at some locations. The highest increase in yield was in the central and eastern parts of Serbia. Analyses of the climate change impacts on irrigation demand showed a great increase in the irrigation demand amount per growing season. The average irrigation demand reached the highest values in the southern and eastern parts of Serbia. Water productivity reached highest values in eastern and central locations, while the minimum is expected in the most southern and northern location. According to all results it can be concluded that soybean will benefit greatly under climate change conditions and that soybean cropping, currently most concentrated in the Vojvodina region in northern Serbia, expanding in the central part and one location in eastern Serbia.

The content of nutrients in maize are commonly related with fertilization and soil quality and rarely explained with the individual hybrid properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to access a long term fertilization system on ear leaf of Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu content in six maize hybrids(NS 3014, NS 4015, NS 5043, NS 6010, NS 6030 and NS 7020). Samples were collected from a long-term experiment at the Rimski Šančevi experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The study included maize monoculture and 2-year rotations with the application of NPK and manure. Results showed that ear Mg content was influenced with the treatments, hybrid and their interaction and ranged from 1.77-2.69 g kg-1. Iron variability was significantly affected with the treatments and interaction (hybrid x treatments) in range from 103.2 to151.9g kg-1. The ear manganese content (41.1-63.6g kg-1) derived from treatments and hybrid effect and Cu (12.3-23.6 g kg-1) was significantly influenced with treatments. Across all treatments, in average, NS6030 had higher values of nutrient and NS3014 was lower in ear nutrient content. This indicates that vegetation length could favor nutrient accumulation. Obtained results suggested that even on fairly productive soil such as Chernozem hybrid selection and the balanced fertilization is crucial for managing the maize nutrient content. [Projekat Ministarsva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR031073]

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fertilization system, nitrate (NO3)– nitrogen (N) distribution along soil profile, and their interaction on corn yield. The study was conducted at the experimental field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad (Serbia) during 2001–2004. Corn monoculture included four fertilization variants: control (O), nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) mineral fertilizers, mineral fertilizer + corn stalks (NPK + S), and mineral fertilizers + manure (NPK + M). The greatest yield was found in the variant NPK + M (9.25 t ha−1). Path coefficients showed that greatest direct positive effects on corn yield were exhibited by NO3-N levels at soil depths of 60–90 cm and 30–60 cm. The path analysis showed that winter precipitation (WP) had a direct negative effect on yield performance. However, the effect of the downward movement of NO3-N from the topsoil to deeper soil layers of WP on yield was positive.

The objectives of the study have been to determine the effects of winter precipitation, NO3-N distribution in the soil profile and their interaction on corn yield in different fertilization systems. Corn yield varied across fertilization systems and winter rainfall in the investigated years (2001-2004). Significantly higher yields were found in variants with manure application in diculture (DC-M-NPK - 12.11 t ha(-1)) and in monoculture (MC-M-NPK - 9.25 t ha-1). Path coefficients showed that the highest direct positive effects on corn yields were exhibited by NO3-N amounts at soil depths 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm (p = 0.4336** and p = 0.2346**, respectively). Winter precipitation had a direct negative effect on the yield performance (p = -0.1159), however, the downward movement of NO3-N from topsoil (0-30 cm) to deeper soil layers (30-60 and 60-90 cm), whose N levels were directly positively correlated with yield, made the indirect effect of winter precipitation on yield positive.

Calculated values of aridity index (AI) were used as a base for the analysis of precipitation and temperature impact on maize yield in Vojvodina. An investigation of maize production with irrigation was carried out at the experiment field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on calcareous chernozem soil on the loess terrace, in the period 1997-2007. Standardized values of temperatures (T') and precipitation (P') were used for AI calculation. Highly significant correlation (r = 0.86**) was found between AI and average yields of maize in Vojvodina. There were no significant correlations between AI and maize yield obtained in field experiments without irrigation (r = 0.40) and with irrigation (r = -0.24). Low values of correlation coefficient between AI and maize yields obtained in field experiments without irrigation and correlation coefficient values between AI and average yields of maize in Vojvodina indicate that production technology of maize in Vojvodina could be improved. Higher values of maize yield in irrigation conditions than in conditions without irrigation (20% or 2.04 t ha-1) confirm justification of maize production with irrigation under climatic conditions of Vojvodina.

Hristov N., N. Mladenov, A. Kondic-Spika, A.Marijanovic Jernomela, B. Jockovic, and G. Jacimovic (2011): Effect of environmental and genetic factors on the correlation and stability of grain yield components in wheat - Genetika, Vol 43, No. 1, 141 -152. More effective breeding and development of new wheat genotypes depend on an intricate analysis of the complex relationships among many different traits. The objective of this paper was to determine the interrelationship, direct and indirect effects, and stability of different yield components in wheat. Forty divergent genotypes were analyzed in a three-year study (2005-2007). Highly significant correlations were found between grain yield per plant and all the other traits analyzed except spike length, with the only negative correlation being that with plant height. Path analysis revealed highly significant direct effects of grain number per spike, grain mass per spike and 1000 grain weight on grain yield per plant. Analysis of stability parameters showed that the stability of grain yield per plant depended for the most part on the stability of grain number per spike, grain mass per spike and harvest index. Cluster analysis identified genotypes with a high performance for grain yield per plant and good stability parameters, indicating the possibility of developing wheat varieties with a high potential and high stability for a particular trait.

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) application on the growth and metabolism of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Changes in nitrate, ammonium, soluble protein and pigment levels, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, biomass of leaves and beet, and sucrose and α-amino-N were studied in relation to five different NPK application rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) and association with Azotobacter chrooccocum. The availability of nitrate and ammonium ions in the leaves proved to be influenced by the different nitrogen treatments. The most important enzymatic activities within nitrogen metabolism were affected negatively by the highest NPK rate. With increasing nitrogen supply, the concentration of α-amino-N increased considerably and that of sucrose decreased. Application of NPK had a significant positive effect on the growth and biomass production. The measured parameters of plants associated with A. chrooccocum were of similar magnitude comparing to the controls.

Researches, which have lasted for two years, were carried out on long-term trial field at Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. In this trial, the eight fertilization variants of N, P2O5 and K2O increased amounts were studied. Sugar beet root and tops yields were determined, as well as the elements of technological sugar beet root quality. Based on these results, percentage of sugar utilization and refined sugar yield was defined. In the spring, before applying of N fertilizer, amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil and its influence on yield and quality was determined. The highest root yield in 2002 was produced at the variant N100 P150 K150, and in 2003 at the variant N150 P150 K150. However, in both years, referring to the variant N100 P100 K100, the differences were not statistically significant. Increasing of nitrogen amounts had negative effects on refined sugar yield. Amounts of NO3-N in the soil in spring, before sugar beet sowing, in 2002 had significant influence on root yield and refined sugar yield. In the year 2003, which was highly dry, high correlation ratio were gained between amounts of NO3-N in the soil and root quality parameters, but it wasn't significant between nitrogen amounts and root and refined sugar yield. Dvogodišnja istraživanja uticaja rastućih količina NPK hraniva na prinos i kvalitet korena šećerne repe izvedena su na stacionarnom poljskom ogledu na Rimskim Šančevima. U proleće, pre primene N đubriva, praćena je količina nitratnog azota po slojevima zemljišta, te njegov uticaj na navedena svojstva. U obe godine, razlika u prinosu korena postignutog pri najvećim količinama NPK hraniva nije bila statistički značajna u odnosu na varijantu N100 P100 K100. Povećanje količine azota delovalo je negativno na prinos rafinisanog šećera. Količina NO3-N u zemljištu u proleće pre setve u 2002. godini imala je značajan pozitivan uticaj na prinos korena i rafinisanog šećera. U izrazito sušnoj 2003. godini visoki koeficijenti korelacije dobijeni su između količine NO3-N u zemljištu i parametara kvaliteta korena, ali nisu bili značajni između količine azota i prinosa korena i rafinisanog šećera.

Until as recently as a century ago, the exposure of biological systems to radiation was limited only to the natural sources. Today, however, a broad range of radiation types and doses have found a wide variety of uses and applications, so much so that it would be difficult to make a list of all the areas of human activity in which radiation is used for one purpose or another. The study of radiation effects on individuals and populations as a whole has become important only with the development of methods and sources of man-made radiation. Given that what is present in this case are physical effects on biological systems (living organisms), all these methods can be placed under the heading of biophysical influences. In the last 50 years, the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been studied with great diligence. These fields are the ones most commonly found in the human environment and they have been used in our studies in this field. The present paper provides a brief review of the literature data and our findings on the effects of ELF-EMF on various crop species using the RIES (Resonant Impulse Electromagnetic Stimulation) method, developed at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Novi Sad. Izloženost bioloških sistema u prirodi različitim vrstama zračenja, do pre samo jednog veka bila je ograničena isključivo na prirodne izvore. Danas, međutim, oblast primene najrazličitijih vrsta i doza zračenja je veoma raznovrsna, i teško je navesti sve oblike ljudske delatnosti u kojima se ona koristi. Proučavanje njihovih efekata na jedinke ili populacije u celini, dobilo je na značaju tek razvojem metoda i izvora zračenja koje je čovek stvorio. Obzirom da se radi o fizičkim dejstvima na biološke sisteme, tj. žive organizme, sve ove metode mogu se svrstati u domen biofizičkih delovanja. U poslednjih pedesetak godina se sa posebnom pažnjom ispituje uticaj EMF- a (Electromagnetic Field) ekstremno niskih frekvencija (ELF - Extemely Low Frequency), koja se najčešće nalaze u čovekovom okruženju, a koja se primenjuju i u našim ispitivanjima. U radu će biti dat kratak pregled dosadašnjih rezultata istraživanja autora i literaturnih podataka o dejstvu elektromagnetnog polja niskih frekvencija na gajene biljne vrste, primenom metode Rezonantno-Impulsne Elektromagnetne Stimulacije (RIES), razrađene na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Novom Sadu.

The study shows the results of a four-year study on the effects of Siforga, a certified organic fertilizer on the yield and market quality of the root of the parsley variety Berliner medium long. The researched fertilizer quantities were at the rates of 500, 1.000, 2.000 and 3.500 kg ha-1 and the control treatment was a plot where no organic fertilizer was applied. Field trials were conducted in the spring cycle of parsley growing, from 2005 to 2008, in Starcevo, on anthropogenic soil of subtype chernozem with signs of gley in loess. The results of these study show that the lowest root yield was found in the control treatment (23.22 t ha-1), while the highest yield was found in the treatment with 1.000 kg ha-1 of Siforga (37.03 t ha-1). The best market quality of parsley root, that is, the largest portion of 1st class roots had 3.500 kg ha-1 at rate of Siforga, whereas the poorest quality was obtained at 500 kg ha-1 rate of Siforga (75.11%).Key words: Root parsley, organic fertilizer, root yield, market quality.

Die Wirkung elektromagnetischer Resonanz-Impuls-Stimulation auf den Keimungsprozess von Weizen wurde anhand von vier Winterweizen-Sorten untersucht. Je nach verwendeter Frequenz variierte die Masse des oberirdischen Keimlinganteils von 0,0 bis 36% bei der Sorte „Jarebica“, von –7,4 bis 11,1% bei der Sorte „Pobeda“, von 7,7 bis 53,8% bei „Kremna“ und von –35 bis 15,2% bei „Evropa 90“. Die Abweichungen bei der Wurzelmasse beliefen sich von –10,8 bis 46,0% bei „Jarebica“, von –7,1 bis 64,3% bei „Pobeda“, von 22,7 bis 204,5% bei „Kremna“ und von –15,9 bis 72,8 bei „Evropa 90“.

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is an annual plant of the Apiaceae family, widely cultivated for seeds (fruits) and essential oil. Under field condition anise is cultivated wide range of countries in Southern Europe including Serbia. Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons, at three localities in order to determine the effect of different soil and climatic conditions on quality traits of anise seed principal traits (thousand seed mass, germination energy and total germination) as well as on content and quality of its essential oil. During experiment thousand seed mass was significantly lower in 2012 in comparison to the previous year. Germination energy and total germination were significantly higher in 2011, because of more favourable weather conditions for seed development during this year. A significantly higher concentration of essential oil was accumulated in 2011 in comparison to 2012. This can be attributed to a longer period of fruit formation and synthesis of essential oils and better climate conditions. Unlike the content of essential oil, trans-anethole content was significantly higher in dry 2012 than in 2011. It can be concluded that drought caused significantly decrease in weight of thousand seed, germination energy and total germination and content of essential oil in anise. Contrary to this, trans-anethole content was significantly higher in the dry year. It can be assumed that under stress conditions the amount of trans-anethole in the essential oil increased, because in such conditions the plants produce more secondary metabolites, the substances that prevent oxidation processes in the cells.

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is an annual plant of the Apiaceae family, widely cultivated for seeds (fruits) and essential oil. Under field condition anise is cultivated wide range of countries in Southern Europe including Serbia. Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons, at three localities in order to determine the effect of different soil and climatic conditions on quality traits of anise seed principal traits (thousand seed mass, germination energy and total germination) as well as on content and quality of its essential oil. During experiment thousand seed mass was significantly lower in 2012 in comparison to the previous year. Germination energy and total germination were significantly higher in 2011, because of more favourable weather conditions for seed development during this year. A significantly higher concentration of essential oil was accumulated in 2011 in comparison to 2012. This can be attributed to a longer period of fruit formation and synthesis of essential oils and better climate conditions. Unlike the content of essential oil, trans-anethole content was significantly higher in dry 2012 than in 2011. It can be concluded that drought caused significantly decrease in weight of thousand seed, germination energy and total germination and content of essential oil in anise. Contrary to this, trans-anethole content was significantly higher in the dry year. It can be assumed that under stress conditions the amount of trans-anethole in the essential oil increased, because in such conditions the plants produce more secondary metabolites, the substances that prevent oxidation processes in the cells.

The impact of adverse weather conditions (AWCs) on crop production is random in both time and space and depends on factors such as severity, previous agrometeorological conditions, and plant vulnerability at a specific crop development stage. Any exclusion or improper treatment of any of these factors can cause crop models to produce significant under- or overestimates of yield. The analysis presented in this paper focuses on a range of agrometeorological indices (AMI) related to AWCs that might affect real yield as well as simulated yield. For this purpose, the analysis addressed four indicators of extreme temperatures and three indicators of dry conditions during the growth period of maize and winter wheat in Austria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovakia, and Sweden. It is shown that increases in the number and intensity of AWCs cannot be unambiguously associated with increased deviations in simulated yields. The identified correlations indicate an increase in modeling uncertainty. This finding represents important information for the crop modeling community. Additionally, it opens a window of opportunity for a statistical (“event scenario”) approach based on correlations between agrometeorological indices of AWCs and crop yield data series. This approach can provide scenarios for certain locations, crop types, and AWC patterns and, therefore, improve yield forecasting in the presence of AWCs.

Der Ernteertrag ist abhangig von einer Anzahl von Faktoren, u.a. auch biophysikalischen Einflussen. Die Wirkung verschiedener niederfrequenter elektromagnetischer Impulse auf den Keimungsprozess von Mais wurde an der Hybridsorte NSSC-420 untersucht. Die Versuche wurden in einer Nahrlosung durchgefuhrt. Folgende Pflanzenparameter wurden dabei uberwacht: Masse und Lange der Wurzel sowie des oberirdischen Pflanzenteils, Wurzelvolumen und die gesamte und aktive Oberflache der Wurzel. Unter den untersuchten Frequenzen schnitten die mit B und D gekennzeichneten erheblich besser ab als die Kontrolle hinsichtlich der Zunahme der Trockensubstanzmasse des oberirdischen Pflanzenteils (jeweils 60,7 und 49,2%) und der Pflanzenhohe (7,1 und 9,1% oder 3,3 und 4,3 cm). Die Masse der Wurzelfrischsubstanz erhohte sich um 31,2 bzw. 35,3% , die Masse der Wurzeltrockensubstanz um 38,8 und 34,7% oder 18,9 und 17,2 mg. Das Wurzelvolumen nahm um 44,4 und 31,5% zu. Die Gesamtoberflache nahm um 0,04 bzw. 0,41 m2 zu.

Effect of environmental conditions (temperatures and precipitation) on soybean yield and seed quality was examined during two years. Trials with four replications were located at experimental fields of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops at Rimski Šančevi. Environmental conditions had significant influence on examined traits, and higher yield and seed quality was achieved during beneficial year. There was a moderate positive relationship between yield and seed germination. U dvogodišnjem istraživanju ispitivan je uticaj agrometeoroloških činilaca (temperatura i padavina) na prinos i semenske kvalitete zrna soje. Ogled je postavljen u četiri ponavljanja na oglednim parcelama Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na Rimskim Šančevima u 2009. i 2010. Vremenski uslovi značajno su uticali na ispitivana svojstva, odnosno u godini sa povoljnim meteorološkim uslovima (2010) ostvaren je veći prinos i kvalitet semena ispitivanih sorti soje. Uočena je umerena pozitivna korelacija između prinosa i klijavosti semena.

Tehnologija uzgoja šećerne repe bitno se razlikuje od tehnologije uzgoja ostalih ratarskih biljaka. U proizvodnji ove biljne vrste proizvođač mora uložiti veliko znanje, sposobnost i umijeće da bi ona bila uspješna i stabilna. Zato se ova biljna vrsta naziva “kraljicom” polja i/ili tehnologije. Sporedni proizvodi proizvodnje šećerne repe- glava i list, imaju istu energetsku vrijednost kao 1, 52 t zrna kukuruza u proizvodnji mlijeka ili 1,46 t zrna kukuruza u proizvodnji mesa, pri proizvodnji 40 tha-1 korijena., The growing technology for any crop, especially sugar beet, consists in the ability of the grower to bring into accord the requirements of the cultivated crop species with environmental conditions. By-products of sugar beet production (head and leaves) have high net energy value in meat and milk production. These products can replace over 1 ton of maize grain. A trial on a chernozem soil was carried out at the Rimski ŠanËevi Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The fertilization treatments wereas follows: 1) mineral fertilizer; 2) mineral fertilizer + manure; 3) mineral fertilizer + harvest residues; and 4) mineral fertilizer + harvest residues + liquid manure. The following nitrogen rates were applied in each of the treatments: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1. Harvest residues can replace manure as a source of soil organic matter. The application of organic fertilizer increased the yield by 1.41-2.13 t ha-1. The optimum nitrogen rate was 100 kg ha-1, and the yield increased up to the rate of 150 ha-1.

As one of the oldest multipurpose plants (spice, aromatic, honey and medicinal), coriander is widespread across Europe. Although in Serbia there are favorable conditions for its growth and development, it is grown on relatively small areas. During both investigated years it took more than 1200°C for transfer from vegetative to generative phase of development and over 2000°C for it to be ready for harvesting. Coriander is a photophilic plant, which requires around 1000 hours of light from sowing to ripening.. As for humidity, coriander grows well, if there are more than 200 mm of rainfall during growing season. In 2009. and 2010., the experiment carried out at the experimental field in Ostojićevo (Banat, Vojvodina province, Serbia) monitored the effect of parameters mentioned above on development of coriander plants, seed yield and essential oil content. The average yields of 1866 kg ha−1 (2009) and 2470 kg ha−1 (2010), and relatively high content of essential oil (1,06 % in both years) indicate a great potential of this plant species in Serbia, which is, however, greatly dependent on environmental conditions during year.