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1. Superfluid-tight cryogenic receiver with continuous sub-Kelvin cooling for EXCLAIM

Author: Dahal, Sumit, Ade, Peter A. R., Anderson, Christopher J., Barlis, Alyssa, Barrentine, Emily M., Beeman, Jeffrey W., Bellis, Nicholas, Bolatto, Alberto D., Braianova, Victoria, Breysse, Patrick C., Bulcha, Berhanu T., Cataldo, Giuseppe, Colazo, Felipe A., Chevres-Fernandez, Lee-Roger, Cho, Chullhee, Chmaytelli, Danny S., Connors, Jake A., Costen, Nicholas P., Cursey, Paul W., Ehsan, Negar, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas M., Glenn, Jason, Golec, Joseph E., Hays-Wehle, James P., Hess, Larry A., Jahromi, Amir E., Jenkins, Trevian, Kimball, Mark O., Kogut, Alan J., Kramer, Samuel H., Leung, Nicole, Lowe, Luke N., Mauskopf, Philip D., McMahon, Jeffrey J., Mikula, Vilem, Mirzaei, Mona, Moseley, Samuel H., Mugge-Durum, Jonas W., Nellis, Jacob, Noroozian, Omid, Okun, Kate, Oxholm, Trevor, Parekh, Tatsat, Pen, Ue-Li, Pullen, Anthony R., Rahmani, Maryam, Ramirez, Mathias M., Roberson, Cody, Rodriguez, Samelys, Roselli, Florian, Sapkota, Deepak, Shire, Konrad, Siebert, Gage L., Siddique, Faizah, Sinclair, Adrian K., Somerville, Rachel S., Stephenson, Ryan, Stevenson, Thomas R., Switzer, Eric R., Termini, Jared, Timbie, Peter T., Trenkamp, Justin, Tucker, Carole E., Visbal, Elijah, Volpert, Carolyn G., Watson, Joseph, Weeks, Eric, Wollack, Edward J., Yang, Shengqi, and Yung, Aaron
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) is a balloon-borne telescope designed to survey star formation over cosmological time scales using intensity mapping in the 420 - 540 GHz frequency range. EXCLAIM uses a fully cryogenic telescope coupled to six on-chip spectrometers featuring kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) to achieve high sensitivity, allowing for fast integration in dark atmospheric windows. The telescope receiver is cooled to $\approx$ 1.7 K by immersion in a superfluid helium bath and enclosed in a superfluid-tight shell with a meta-material anti-reflection coated silicon window. In addition to the optics and the spectrometer package, the receiver contains the magnetic shielding, the cryogenic segment of the spectrometer readout, and the sub-Kelvin cooling system. A three-stage continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR) keeps the detectors at 100 mK while a $^4$He sorption cooler provides a 900 mK thermal intercept for mechanical suspensions and coaxial cables. We present the design of the EXCLAIM receiver and report on the flight-like testing of major receiver components, including the superfluid-tight receiver window and the sub-Kelvin coolers., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Published: 2024
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2. Simons Observatory: Pre-deployment Performance of a Large Aperture Telescope Optics Tube in the 90 and 150 GHz Spectral Bands

Author: Sierra, Carlos E., Harrington, Kathleen, Sutariya, Shreya, Alford, Thomas, Kofman, Anna M., Chesmore, Grace E., Austermann, Jason E., Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bhandarkar, Tanay, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon R., Dow, Peter N., Duff, Shannon M., Dutcher, Daniel, Galitzki, Nicholas, Golec, Joseph E., Groh, John C., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Haridas, Saianeesh K., Healy, Erin, Hubmayr, Johannes, Iuliano, Jeffrey, Johnson, Bradley R., Lessler, Claire S., Lew, Richard A., Link, Michael J., Lucas, Tammy J., McMahon, Jeffrey J., Moore, Jenna E., Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Schmitt, Benjamin L., Silva-Feaver, Max, Singh, Robinjeet, Sonka, Rita F., Thomas, Alex, Thornton, Robert J., Tsan, Tran, Ullom, Joel N., Van Lanen, Jeffrey L., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Wang, Yuhan, and Zheng, Kaiwen
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory will map the temperature and polarization over half of the sky, at millimeter wavelengths in six spectral bands from the Atacama Desert in Chile. These data will provide new insights into the genesis, content, and history of our Universe; the astrophysics of galaxies and galaxy clusters; objects in our solar system; and time-varying astrophysical phenomena. This ambitious new instrument suite, initially comprising three 0.5 m small-aperture telescopes and one 6 m large aperture telescope, is designed using a common combination of new technologies and new implementations to realize an observatory significantly more capable than the previous generation. In this paper, we present the pre-deployment performance of the first mid-frequency "optics tube" which will be fielded on the large aperture telescope with sensitivity to the 90 and 150 GHz spectral bands. This optics tube contains lenses, filters, detectors, and readout components, all of which operate at cryogenic temperatures. It is one of seven that form the core of the large aperture telescope receiver in its initial deployment. We describe this optics tube, including details of comprehensive testing methods, new techniques for beam and passband characterization, and its measured performance. The performance metrics include beams, optical efficiency, passbands, and forecasts for the on-sky performance of the system. We forecast a sensitivity that exceeds the requirements of the large aperture telescope with greater than 30% margin in each spectral band, and predict that the instrument will realize diffraction-limited performance and the expected detector passbands.
Published: 2024

3. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: High-resolution component-separated maps across one-third of the sky

Author: Coulton, William R., Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Hill, J. Colin, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alford, Tommy, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason E., Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Capalbo, Valentina, Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crowley, Kevin T., Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Doze, Peter, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Fanfani, Valentina, Fankhanel, Max, Farren, Gerrit, Ferraro, Simone, Freundt, Rodrigo, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Garrido, Xavier, Givans, Jahmour, Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hasselfield, Matthew, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Irwin, Kent, Isopi, Giovanni, Jense, Hidde T., Keller, Ben, Kim, Joshua, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, La Posta, Adrien, Lakey, Victoria, Lee, Eunseong, Li, Zack, Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacCrann, Niall, MacInnis, Amanda, Maldonado, Diego, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marques, Gabriela A., van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, McCarthy, Fiona, McMahon, Jeff, Mehta, Yogesh, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morris, Thomas W., Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Radiconi, Federico, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Sakuma, Tai, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifón, Cristóbal, Simon, Sara, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie, Switzer, Eric R., Tampier, Niklas, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zheng, Kaiwen
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Observations of the millimeter sky contain valuable information on a number of signals, including the blackbody cosmic microwave background (CMB), Galactic emissions, and the Compton-$y$ distortion due to the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. Extracting new insight into cosmological and astrophysical questions often requires combining multi-wavelength observations to spectrally isolate one component. In this work, we present a new arcminute-resolution Compton-$y$ map, which traces out the line-of-sight-integrated electron pressure, as well as maps of the CMB in intensity and E-mode polarization, across a third of the sky (around 13,000 sq.~deg.). We produce these through a joint analysis of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 4 and 6 at frequencies of roughly 93, 148, and 225 GHz, together with data from the \textit{Planck} satellite at frequencies between 30 GHz and 545 GHz. We present detailed verification of an internal linear combination pipeline implemented in a needlet frame that allows us to efficiently suppress Galactic contamination and account for spatial variations in the ACT instrument noise. These maps provide a significant advance, in noise levels and resolution, over the existing \textit{Planck} component-separated maps and will enable a host of science goals including studies of cluster and galaxy astrophysics, inferences of the cosmic velocity field, primordial non-Gaussianity searches, and gravitational lensing reconstruction of the CMB., Comment: The Compton-y map and associated products will be made publicly available upon publication of the paper. The CMB T and E mode maps will be made available when the DR6 maps are made public
Published: 2023

4. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters

Author: Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Qu, Frank J., Sherwin, Blake D., MacCrann, Niall, Li, Yaqiong, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alford, Tommy, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason E., Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Capalbo, Valentina, Carrero, Felipe, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, William, Crowley, Kevin T., Dalal, Roohi, Darwish, Omar, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Doze, Peter, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Fanfani, Valentina, Fankhanel, Max, Farren, Gerrit, Ferraro, Simone, Freundt, Rodrigo, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Garrido, Xavier, Givans, Jahmour, Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Hall, Kirsten R., Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Harrison, Ian, Hasselfield, Matthew, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Irwin, Kent, Isopi, Giovanni, Jense, Hidde T., Keller, Ben, Kim, Joshua, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, La Posta, Adrien, Lague, Alex, Lakey, Victoria, Lee, Eunseong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacInnis, Amanda, Maldonado, Diego, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marques, Gabriela A., McMahon, Jeff, Mehta, Yogesh, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morris, Thomas W., Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Radiconi, Federico, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Sakuma, Tai, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifón, Cristóbal, Simon, Sara, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie, Switzer, Eric R., Tampier, Niklas, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zheng, Kaiwen
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present cosmological constraints from a gravitational lensing mass map covering 9400 sq. deg. reconstructed from CMB measurements made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 2017 to 2021. In combination with BAO measurements (from SDSS and 6dF), we obtain the amplitude of matter fluctuations $\sigma_8 = 0.819 \pm 0.015$ at 1.8% precision, $S_8\equiv\sigma_8({\Omega_{\rm m}}/0.3)^{0.5}=0.840\pm0.028$ and the Hubble constant $H_0= (68.3 \pm 1.1)\, \text{km}\,\text{s}^{-1}\,\text{Mpc}^{-1}$ at 1.6% precision. A joint constraint with CMB lensing measured by the Planck satellite yields even more precise values: $\sigma_8 = 0.812 \pm 0.013$, $S_8\equiv\sigma_8({\Omega_{\rm m}}/0.3)^{0.5}=0.831\pm0.023$ and $H_0= (68.1 \pm 1.0)\, \text{km}\,\text{s}^{-1}\,\text{Mpc}^{-1}$. These measurements agree well with $\Lambda$CDM-model extrapolations from the CMB anisotropies measured by Planck. To compare these constraints to those from the KiDS, DES, and HSC galaxy surveys, we revisit those data sets with a uniform set of assumptions, and find $S_8$ from all three surveys are lower than that from ACT+Planck lensing by varying levels ranging from 1.7-2.1$\sigma$. These results motivate further measurements and comparison, not just between the CMB anisotropies and galaxy lensing, but also between CMB lensing probing $z\sim 0.5-5$ on mostly-linear scales and galaxy lensing at $z\sim 0.5$ on smaller scales. We combine our CMB lensing measurements with CMB anisotropies to constrain extensions of $\Lambda$CDM, limiting the sum of the neutrino masses to $\sum m_{\nu} < 0.13$ eV (95% c.l.), for example. Our results provide independent confirmation that the universe is spatially flat, conforms with general relativity, and is described remarkably well by the $\Lambda$CDM model, while paving a promising path for neutrino physics with gravitational lensing from upcoming ground-based CMB surveys., Comment: 32 pages, 17 figures, replaced with version accepted in ApJ (Feb 2024). Cosmological likelihood data and mass maps are public here: https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/act/actadv_prod_table.html ; likelihood software is here: https://github.com/ACTCollaboration/act_dr6_lenslike . Also see companion papers Qu et al and MacCrann et al
Published: 2023
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5. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and its Implications for Structure Growth

Author: Qu, Frank J., Sherwin, Blake D., Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Han, Dongwon, Crowley, Kevin T., Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alford, Tommy, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason E., Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Capalbo, Valentina, Carrero, Felipe, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, William, Dalal, Roohi, Darwish, Omar, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Doze, Peter, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Fanfani, Valentina, Fankhanel, Max, Farren, Gerrit, Ferraro, Simone, Freundt, Rodrigo, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Garrido, Xavier, Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Halpern, Mark, Harrison, Ian, Hasselfield, Matthew, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Irwin, Kent, Isopi, Giovanni, Jense, Hidde T., Keller, Ben, Kim, Joshua, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, La Posta, Adrien, Lague, Alex, Lakey, Victoria, Lee, Eunseong, Li, Zack, Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacCrann, Niall, MacInnis, Amanda, Maldonado, Diego, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marques, Gabriela A., McMahon, Jeff, Mehta, Yogesh, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morris, Thomas W., Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Radiconi, Federico, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Sakuma, Tai, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifón, Cristóbal, Simon, Sara, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie, Switzer, Eric R., Tampier, Niklas, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Ulluom, Joel, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zhang, Kaiwen
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present new measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing over $9400$ sq. deg. of the sky. These lensing measurements are derived from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) CMB dataset, which consists of five seasons of ACT CMB temperature and polarization observations. We determine the amplitude of the CMB lensing power spectrum at $2.3\%$ precision ($43\sigma$ significance) using a novel pipeline that minimizes sensitivity to foregrounds and to noise properties. To ensure our results are robust, we analyze an extensive set of null tests, consistency tests, and systematic error estimates and employ a blinded analysis framework. The baseline spectrum is well fit by a lensing amplitude of $A_{\mathrm{lens}}=1.013\pm0.023$ relative to the Planck 2018 CMB power spectra best-fit $\Lambda$CDM model and $A_{\mathrm{lens}}=1.005\pm0.023$ relative to the $\text{ACT DR4} + \text{WMAP}$ best-fit model. From our lensing power spectrum measurement, we derive constraints on the parameter combination $S^{\mathrm{CMBL}}_8 \equiv \sigma_8 \left({\Omega_m}/{0.3}\right)^{0.25}$ of $S^{\mathrm{CMBL}}_8= 0.818\pm0.022$ from ACT DR6 CMB lensing alone and $S^{\mathrm{CMBL}}_8= 0.813\pm0.018$ when combining ACT DR6 and Planck NPIPE CMB lensing power spectra. These results are in excellent agreement with $\Lambda$CDM model constraints from Planck or $\text{ACT DR4} + \text{WMAP}$ CMB power spectrum measurements. Our lensing measurements from redshifts $z\sim0.5$--$5$ are thus fully consistent with $\Lambda$CDM structure growth predictions based on CMB anisotropies probing primarily $z\sim1100$. We find no evidence for a suppression of the amplitude of cosmic structure at low redshifts, Comment: 45+22 pages, 50 figures. v2 matches with published version in ApJ. Cosmological likelihood data and lensing maps are here: https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/act/actadv_prod_table.html ; likelihood software is here: https://github.com/ACTCollaboration/act_dr6_lenslike . Also see companion papers Madhavacheril et al and MacCrann et al
Published: 2023
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6. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Mitigating the impact of extragalactic foregrounds for the DR6 CMB lensing analysis

Author: MacCrann, Niall, Sherwin, Blake D., Qu, Frank J., Namikawa, Toshiya, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Abril-Cabezas, Irene, An, Rui, Austermann, Jason E., Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia S., Beall, James A., Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Coulton, William R., Darwish, Omar, Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Farren, Gerrit S., Ferraro, Simone, Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Han, Dongwon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Matt, Hložek, Renée, Hubmayr, Johannes, Kim, Joshua, Li, Zack, Kosowsky, Arthur, Louis, Thibaut, McMahon, Jeff, Marques, Gabriela A., Moodley, Kavilan, Naess, Sigurd, Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Schaan, Emmanuel, Sehgal, Neelima, Sifón, Cristóbal, Wollack, Edward J., Salatino, Maria, Ullom, Joel N., Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Engelen, Alexander, and Wenz, Lukas
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We investigate the impact and mitigation of extragalactic foregrounds for the CMB lensing power spectrum analysis of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) data release 6 (DR6) data. Two independent microwave sky simulations are used to test a range of mitigation strategies. We demonstrate that finding and then subtracting point sources, finding and then subtracting models of clusters, and using a profile bias-hardened lensing estimator, together reduce the fractional biases to well below statistical uncertainties, with the inferred lensing amplitude, $A_{\mathrm{lens}}$, biased by less than $0.2\sigma$. We also show that another method where a model for the cosmic infrared background (CIB) contribution is deprojected and high frequency data from Planck is included has similar performance. Other frequency-cleaned options do not perform as well, incurring either a large noise cost, or resulting in biased recovery of the lensing spectrum. In addition to these simulation-based tests, we also present null tests performed on the ACT DR6 data which test for sensitivity of our lensing spectrum estimation to differences in foreground levels between the two ACT frequencies used, while nulling the CMB lensing signal. These tests pass whether the nulling is performed at the map or bandpower level. The CIB-deprojected measurement performed on the DR6 data is consistent with our baseline measurement, implying contamination from the CIB is unlikely to significantly bias the DR6 lensing spectrum. This collection of tests gives confidence that the ACT DR6 lensing measurements and cosmological constraints presented in companion papers to this work are robust to extragalactic foregrounds., Comment: Companion paper to Qu et al and Madhavacheril et al
Published: 2023

7. Simons Observatory: Broadband Metamaterial Anti-Reflection Cuttings for Large Aperture Alumina Optics

Author: Golec, Joseph E., Sutariya, Shreya, Jackson, Rebecca, Zimmerman, Jerry, Dicker, Simon R., Iuliano, Jeffrey, McMahon, Jeff, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Tucker, Carole, and Wollack, Edward J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Optics
Abstract: We present the design, fabrication, and measured performance of metamaterial Anti-Reflection Cuttings (ARCs) for large-format alumina filters operating over more than an octave of bandwidth to be deployed on the Simons Observatory (SO). The ARC consists of sub-wavelength features diced into the optic's surface using a custom dicing saw with near-micron accuracy. The designs achieve percent-level control over reflections at angles of incidence up to 20$^\circ$. The ARCs were demonstrated on four 42 cm diameter filters covering the 75-170 GHz band and a 50 mm diameter prototype covering the 200-300 GHz band. The reflection and transmission of these samples were measured using a broadband coherent source that covers frequencies from 20 GHz to 1.2 THz. These measurements demonstrate percent-level control over reflectance across the targeted pass-bands and a rapid reduction in transmission as the wavelength approaches the length scale of the metamaterial structure where scattering dominates the optical response. The latter behavior enables the use of the metamaterial ARC as a scattering filter in this limit., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, published in Applied Optics
Published: 2022
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8. The Simons Observatory: Characterizing the Large Aperture Telescope Receiver with Radio Holography

Author: Chesmore, Grace E., Harrington, Kathleen, Sierra, Carlos E., Gallardo, Patricio A., Sutariya, Shreya, Alford, Tommy, Adler, Alexandre E., Bhandarkar, Tanay, Coppi, Gabriele, Dachlythra, Nadia, Golec, Joseph, Gudmundsson, Jon, Haridas, Saianeesh K., Johnson, Bradley R., Kofman, Anna M., Iuliano, Jeffrey, McMahon, Jeff, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Sarmiento, Karen Perez, Puddu, Roberto, Silva-Feaver, Max, Simon, Sara M., Robe, Julia, Wollack, Edward J., and Xu, Zhilei
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present near-field radio holography measurements of the Simons Observatory Large Aperture Telescope Receiver optics. These measurements demonstrate that radio holography of complex millimeter-wave optical systems comprising cryogenic lenses, filters, and feed horns can provide detailed characterization of wave propagation before deployment. We used the measured amplitude and phase, at 4K, of the receiver near-field beam pattern to predict two key performance parameters: 1) the amount of scattered light that will spill past the telescope to 300K and 2) the beam pattern expected from the receiver when fielded on the telescope. These cryogenic measurements informed the removal of a filter, which led to improved optical efficiency and reduced side-lobes at the exit of the receiver. Holography measurements of this system suggest that the spilled power past the telescope mirrors will be less than 1\% and the main beam with its near side-lobes are consistent with the nominal telescope design. This is the first time such parameters have been confirmed in the lab prior to deployment of a new receiver. This approach is broadly applicable to millimeter and sub-millimeter instruments.
Published: 2022
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9. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Measurement and Analysis of 1D Beams for DR4

Author: Lungu, Marius, Storer, Emilie R., Hasselfield, Matthew, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Calabrese, Erminia, Chesmore, Grace E., Choi, Steve K., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Gallardo, Patricio A., Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Hill, J. Colin, Hincks, Adam D., Hubmayr, Johannes, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mallaby-Kay, Maya, McMahon, Jeff, Moodley, Kavilan, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman A., Partridge, Bruce, Puddu, Roberto, Schillaci, Alessandro, Sifón, Cristóbal, Staggs, Suzanne, Sunder, Dhaneshwar D., Wollack, Edward J., and Xu, Zhilei
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We describe the measurement and treatment of the telescope beams for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope's fourth data release, DR4. Observations of Uranus are used to measure the central portion (<12') of the beams to roughly -40 dB of the peak. Such planet maps in intensity are used to construct azimuthally averaged beam profiles, which are fit with a physically motivated model before being transformed into Fourier space. We investigate and quantify a number of percent-level corrections to the beams, all of which are important for precision cosmology. Uranus maps in polarization are used to measure the temperature-to-polarization leakage in the main part of the beams, which is <1% (2.5%) at 150 GHz (98 GHz). The beams also have polarized sidelobes, which are measured with observations of Saturn and deprojected from the ACT time-ordered data. Notable changes relative to past ACT beam analyses include an improved subtraction of the atmospheric effects from Uranus calibration maps, incorporation of a scattering term in the beam profile model, and refinements to the beam model uncertainties and the main temperature-to-polarization leakage terms in the ACT power spectrum analysis., Comment: 32 pages, 21 figures
Published: 2021
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10. Four-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: On-sky Receiver Performance at 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz Frequency Bands

Author: Dahal, Sumit, Appel, John W., Datta, Rahul, Brewer, Michael K., Ali, Aamir, Bennett, Charles L., Bustos, Ricardo, Chan, Manwei, Chuss, David T., Cleary, Joseph, Couto, Jullianna D., Denis, Kevin L., Dünner, Rolando, Eimer, Joseph, Espinoza, Francisco, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Golec, Joseph E., Harrington, Kathleen, Helson, Kyle, Iuliano, Jeffrey, Karakla, John, Li, Yunyang, Marriage, Tobias A., McMahon, Jeffrey J., Miller, Nathan J., Novack, Sasha, Núñez, Carolina, Osumi, Keisuke, Padilla, Ivan L., Palma, Gonzalo A., Parker, Lucas, Petroff, Matthew A., Reeves, Rodrigo, Rhoades, Gary, Rostem, Karwan, Valle, Deniz A. N., Watts, Duncan J., Weiland, Janet L., Wollack, Edward J., and Xu, Zhilei
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) observes the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) over the angular scales of 1$^\circ \lesssim \theta \leq$ 90$^\circ$ with the aim of characterizing primordial gravitational waves and cosmic reionization. We report on the on-sky performance of the CLASS Q-band (40 GHz), W-band (90 GHz), and dichroic G-band (150/220 GHz) receivers that have been operational at the CLASS site in the Atacama desert since June 2016, May 2018, and September 2019, respectively. We show that the noise-equivalent power measured by the detectors matches the expected noise model based on on-sky optical loading and lab-measured detector parameters. Using Moon, Venus, and Jupiter observations, we obtain power-to-antenna-temperature calibrations and optical efficiencies for the telescopes. From the CMB survey data, we compute instantaneous array noise-equivalent-temperature sensitivities of 22, 19, 23, and 71 $\mathrm{\mu K}_\mathrm{cmb}\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$ for the 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz frequency bands, respectively. These noise temperatures refer to white noise amplitudes, which contribute to sky maps at all angular scales. Future papers will assess additional noise sources impacting larger angular scales., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, published in ApJ
Published: 2021
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11. The Simons Observatory: the Large Aperture Telescope (LAT)

Author: Xu, Zhilei, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Beall, J. A., Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bond, J. Richard, Chesmore, Grace E., Chinone, Yuji, Choi, Steve K., Connors, Jake A., Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Crowley, Kevin D., Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Haridas, Saianeesh K., Harrington, Kathleen, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Iuliano, Jeffrey, Kaneko, Daisuke, Kofman, Anna M., Koopman, Brian J., Lashner, Jack, Limon, Michele, Link, Michael J., Lucas, Tammy J., Matsuda, Frederick, McCarrick, Heather, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Piccirillo, Lucio, Sarmiento, Karen Perez, Schaan, Emmanuel, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Sonka, Rita, Sutariya, Shreya, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Terasaki, Tomoki, Thornton, Robert, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Walker, Samantha, Whipps, Zachary, Wollack, Edward J., Zannoni, Mario, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zonca, Andrea
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment to observe the microwave sky in six frequency bands from 30GHz to 290GHz. The Observatory -- at $\sim$5200m altitude -- comprises three Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) at the Atacama Desert, Chile. This research note describes the design and current status of the LAT along with its future timeline., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2021
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12. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Summary of DR4 and DR5 Data Products and Data Access

Author: Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Atkins, Zachary, Aiola, Simone, Amodeo, Stefania, Austermann, Jason E., Beall, James A., Becker, Daniel T., Bond, J. Richard, Calabrese, Erminia, Chesmore, Grace E., Choi, Steve K., Crowley, Kevin T., Darwish, Omar, Denison, Edwawd V., Devlin, Mark J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Ferraro, Simone, Fichman, Kyra, Gallardo, Patricio A., Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Han, Dongwon, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hlozek, Renee, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Koopman, Brian J., Louis, Thibaut, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., McMahon, Jeff, Moodley, Kavilan, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura B., Nibarger, John P., Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman A., Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sifon, Cristobal, Simon, Sara, Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie R., Ullom, Joel N., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Vale, Leila R., Wollack, Edward J., and Xu, Zhilei
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Two recent large data releases for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), called DR4 and DR5, are available for public access. These data include temperature and polarization maps that cover nearly half the sky at arcminute resolution in three frequency bands; lensing maps and component-separated maps covering ~ 2,100 deg^2 of sky; derived power spectra and cosmological likelihoods; a catalog of over 4,000 galaxy clusters; and supporting ancillary products including beam functions and masks. The data and products are described in a suite of ACT papers; here we provide a summary. In order to facilitate ease of access to these data we present a set of Jupyter IPython notebooks developed to introduce users to DR4, DR5, and the tools needed to analyze these data. The data products (excluding simulations) and the set of notebooks are publicly available on the NASA Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA); simulation products are available on the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)., Comment: Accepted to ApJS. 21 pages, 8 figures. Data and notebooks available on LAMBDA https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/act/
Published: 2021
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13. The Simons Observatory Large Aperture Telescope Receiver

Author: Zhu, Ningfeng, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Coppi, Gabriele, Kofman, Anna M., Orlowski-Scherer, John L., Xu, Zhilei, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aiola, Simone, Austermann, Jason, Bazarko, Andrew O., Beall, James A., Bhimani, Sanah, Bond, J. Richard, Chesmore, Grace E., Choi, Steve K., Connors, Jake, Cothard, Nicholas F., Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Dünner, Rolando, Fabbian, Giulio, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Golec, Joseph E., Haridas, Saianeesh K., Harrington, Kathleen, Healy, Erin, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Iuliano, Jeffrey, Johnson, Bradley R., Keatin, Brian, Kiuchi, Kenji, Koopman, Brian J., Lashner, Jack, Lee, Adrian T., Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Link, Michael, Lucas, Tammy J, McCarrick, Heather, Moore, Jenna, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura B., Niemack, Michael D., Pierpaoli, Elena, Randall, Michael J., Sarmiento, Karen Perez, Saunders, Lauren J., Seibert, Joseph, Sierra, Carlos, Sonka, Rita, Spisak, Jacob, Sutariya, Shreya, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thornton, Robert J., Tsan, Tran, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Walker, Samantha, Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., and Zannoni, Mario
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) will be coupled to the Large Aperture Telescope located at an elevation of 5,200 m on Cerro Toco in Chile. The resulting instrument will produce arcminute-resolution millimeter-wave maps of half the sky with unprecedented precision. The LATR is the largest cryogenic millimeter-wave camera built to date with a diameter of 2.4 m and a length of 2.6 m. It cools 1200 kg of material to 4 K and 200 kg to 100 mk, the operating temperature of the bolometric detectors with bands centered around 27, 39, 93, 145, 225, and 280 GHz. Ultimately, the LATR will accommodate 13 40 cm diameter optics tubes, each with three detector wafers and a total of 62,000 detectors. The LATR design must simultaneously maintain the optical alignment of the system, control stray light, provide cryogenic isolation, limit thermal gradients, and minimize the time to cool the system from room temperature to 100 mK. The interplay between these competing factors poses unique challenges. We discuss the trade studies involved with the design, the final optimization, the construction, and ultimate performance of the system.
Published: 2021
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14. Simons Observatory Small Aperture Telescope overview

Author: Kiuchi, Kenji, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ali, Aamir M., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason E., Bazako, Andrew, Beall, James A., Chinone, Yuji, Coppi, Gabriele, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Fabbian, Giulio, Galitzki, Nicholas, Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Makoto, Hill, Charles A., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hubmayr, Johannes, Johnson, Bradley R., Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jack, Lee, Adrian T., Matsuda, Frederick, McCarrick, Heather, Murata, Masaaki, Nati, Federico, Nishinomiya, Yume, Page, Lyman, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Reichardt, Christian L., Sakaguri, Kana, Sakurai, Yuki, Seibert, Joseph, Spisak, Jacob, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Terasaki, Tomoki, Tsan, Tran, Walker, Samantha, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yamada, Kyohei, Zannoni, Mario, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment from the Atacama Desert in Chile comprising three small-aperture telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture telescope (LAT). In total, SO will field over 60,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers in six spectral bands centered between 27 and 280 GHz in order to achieve the sensitivity necessary to measure or constrain numerous cosmological quantities. In this work, we focus on the SATs which are optimized to search for primordial gravitational waves that are detected as parity-odd polarization patterns called a B-modes on degree scales in the CMB. Each SAT employs a single optics tube with TES arrays operating at 100 mK. The high throughput optics system has a 42 cm aperture and a 35-degree field of view coupled to a 36 cm diameter focal plane. The optics consist of three metamaterial anti-re ection coated silicon lenses. Cryogenic ring baffles with engineered blackbody absorbers are installed in the optics tube to minimize the stray light. The entire optics tube is cooled to 1 K. A cryogenic continuously rotating half-wave plate near the sky side of the aperture stop helps to minimize the effect of atmospheric uctuations. The telescope warm baffling consists of a forebaffle, an elevation stage mounted co-moving shield, and a fixed ground shield that together control the far side-lobes and mitigates ground-synchronous systematics. We present the status of the SAT development., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2021
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15. Overview and status of EXCLAIM, the experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping

Author: Cataldo, Giuseppe, Ade, Peter, Anderson, Christopher, Barlis, Alyssa, Barrentine, Emily, Bellis, Nicholas, Bolatto, Alberto, Breysse, Patrick, Bulcha, Berhanu, Connors, Jake, Cursey, Paul, Ehsan, Negar, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Glenn, Jason, Golec, Joseph, Hays-Wehle, James, Hess, Larry, Jahromi, Amir, Kimball, Mark, Kogut, Alan, Lowe, Luke, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeffrey, Mirzaei, Mona, Moseley, Harvey, Mugge-Durum, Jonas, Noroozian, Omid, Oxholm, Trevor, Pen, Ue-Li, Pullen, Anthony, Rodriguez, Samelys, Shirron, Peter, Siebert, Gage, Sinclair, Adrian, Somerville, Rachel, Stephenson, Ryan, Stevenson, Thomas, Switzer, Eric, Timbie, Peter, Tucker, Carole, Visbal, Eli, Volpert, Carolyn, Wollack, Edward, and Yang, Shengqi
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) is a balloon-borne far-infrared telescope that will survey star formation history over cosmological time scales to improve our understanding of why the star formation rate declined at redshift z < 2, despite continued clustering of dark matter. Specifically,EXCLAIM will map the emission of redshifted carbon monoxide and singly-ionized carbon lines in windows over a redshift range 0 < z < 3.5, following an innovative approach known as intensity mapping. Intensity mapping measures the statistics of brightness fluctuations of cumulative line emissions instead of detecting individual galaxies, thus enabling a blind, complete census of the emitting gas. To detect this emission unambiguously, EXCLAIM will cross-correlate with a spectroscopic galaxy catalog. The EXCLAIM mission uses a cryogenic design to cool the telescope optics to approximately 1.7 K. The telescope features a 90-cm primary mirror to probe spatial scales on the sky from the linear regime up to shot noise-dominated scales. The telescope optical elements couple to six {\mu}-Spec spectrometer modules, operating over a 420-540 GHz frequency band with a spectral resolution of 512 and featuring microwave kinetic inductance detectors. A Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) reads out the detectors in the baseline design. The cryogenic telescope and the sensitive detectors allow EXCLAIM to reach high sensitivity in spectral windows of low emission in the upper atmosphere. Here, an overview of the mission design and development status since the start of the EXCLAIM project in early 2019 is presented., Comment: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1912.07118
Published: 2021
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16. Design and Fabrication of Metamaterial Anti-Reflection Coatings for the Simons Observatory

Author: Golec, Joseph E., McMahon, Jeffrey J., Ali, Aamir M., Chesmore, Grace E., Cooperrider, Leah, Dicker, Simon, Galitzki, Nicholas, Harrington, Kathleen, Jackson, Rebecca, Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) will be a cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment with three small-aperture telescopes and one large-aperture telescope, which will observe from the Atacama Desert in Chile. In total, SO will field over 60,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers in six spectral bands centered between 27 and 280 GHz in order to achieve the sensitivity necessary to measure or constrain numerous cosmological quantities, as outlined in The Simons Observatory Collaboration et al. (2019). These telescopes require 33 highly transparent, large aperture, refracting optics. To this end, we developed mechanically robust, highly efficient, metamaterial anti-reflection (AR) coatings with octave bandwidth coverage for silicon optics up to 46 cm in diameter for the 22-55, 75-165, and 190-310 GHz bands. We detail the design, the manufacturing approach to fabricate the SO lenses, their performance, and possible extensions of metamaterial AR coatings to optical elements made of harder materials such as alumina., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2020, Paper Number: 11451-199
Published: 2021
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17. In situ Performance of the Low Frequency Arrayfor Advanced ACTPol

Author: Li, Yaqiong, Austermann, Jason E., Beall, James A., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Choi, Steve K., Cothard, Nicholas F., Crowley, Kevin T., Duff, Shannon M., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Golec, Joseph E., Hilton, Gene C., Hasselfield, Matthew, Hubmay, Johannes, Koopman, Brian J., Lungu, Marius, McMahon, Jeff, Niemack, Michael D., Page, LymanA., Salatino, Maria, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason R., Ullom, Joel N., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wang, Yuhan, Wollack, Edward J., and Xu, Zhilei
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Advanced Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (AdvACT) \cite{thornton} is an upgrade for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope using Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detector arrays to measure cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies in multiple frequencies. The low frequency (LF) array was deployed early 2020. It consists of 292 TES bolometers observing in two bands centered at 27 GHz and 39 GHz. At these frequencies, it is sensitive to synchrotron radiation from our galaxy as well as to the CMB, and complements the AdvACT arrays operating at 90, 150 and 230 GHz. We present the initial LF array on-site characterization, including the time constant, optical efficiency and array sensitivity.
Published: 2021
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18. Optical Design of the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM)

Author: Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Oxholm, Trevor, Siebert, Gage, Barlis, Alyssa, Barrentine, Emily M., Beeman, Jeffrey, Chmaytelli, Danny, Chung, Christine, Cursey, Paul, Dahal, Sumit, Datta, Rahul, Ehsan, Negar, Glenn, Jason, Golec, Joseph, Lennon, Andrew, Lowe, Luke N., McMahon, Jeffrey, Parekh, Tatsat, Rahmani, Maryam, Switzer, Eric R., Timbie, Peter, Tretheway, Bruce, Tucker, Carole, Volpert, Carolyn, Watson, Joseph, and Wollack, Edward J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: This work describes the design and implementation of optics for EXCLAIM, the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping. EXCLAIM is a balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbon monoxide (CO) at redshifts $z<1$ and ionized carbon ([CII]) at redshifts $z = 2.5-3.5$ to probe star formation over cosmic time in cross-correlation with galaxy redshift surveys. The EXCLAIM instrument is designed to observe at frequencies of $420$--$540$ GHz using six microfabricated silicon integrated spectrometers with spectral resolving power $R = 512$ coupled to kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). A completely cryogenic telescope cooled to a temperature below 5~K provides low-background observations between narrow atmospheric lines in the stratosphere. Off-axis reflective optics use a $90$-cm primary mirror to provide $4.2^\prime$ full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) resolution at the center of the EXCLAIM band over a field of view of $22.5^\prime$. Illumination of the $1.7$ K cold stop combined with blackened baffling at multiple places in the optical system ensure low ($< -40$ dB) edge illumination of the primary to minimize spill onto warmer elements at the top of the dewar., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2020

19. Informed options trading before FDA drug advisory meetings

Author: Wu, Zekun, Borochin, Paul, and Golec, Joseph
Published: 2024
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20. The Simons Observatory: Metamaterial Microwave Absorber (MMA) and its Cryogenic Applications

Author: Xu, Zhilei, Chesmore, Grace E., Adachi, Shunsuke, Ali, Aamir M., Bazarko, Andrew, Coppi, Gabriele, Devlin, Mark, Devlin, Tom, Dicker, Simon R., Gallardo, Patricio A., Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Harrington, Kathleen, Hattori, Makoto, Kofman, Anna, Kiuchi, Kenji, Kusaka, Akito, Limon, Michele, Matsuda, Frederick, McMahon, Jeff, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Sutariya, Shreya, Suzuki, Aritoki, Teply, Grant P., Thornton, Robert J., Wollack, Edward J., Zannoni, Mario, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Controlling stray light at millimeter wavelengths requires special optical design and selection of absorptive materials that should be compatible with cryogenic operating environments. While a wide selection of absorptive materials exists, these typically exhibit high indices of refraction and reflect/scatter a significant fraction of light before absorption. For many lower index materials such as commercial microwave absorbers, their applications in cryogenic environments are challenging. In this paper, we present a new tool to control stray light: metamaterial microwave absorber tiles. These tiles comprise an outer metamaterial layer that approximates a lossy gradient index anti-reflection coating. They are fabricated via injection molding commercially available carbon-loaded polyurethane (25\% by mass). The injection molding technology enables mass production at low cost. The design of these tiles is presented, along with thermal tests to 1 K. Room temperature optical measurements verify their control of reflectance to less than 1\% up to 65$\circ$ angles of incidence, and control of wide angle scattering below 0.01\%. The dielectric properties of the bulk carbon-loaded material used in the tiles is also measured at different temperatures, confirming that the material maintains similar dielectric properties down to 3 K., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, published in Applied Optics, selected as "Editor's pick"
Published: 2020
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21. The Simons Observatory: Modeling Optical Systematics in the Large Aperture Telescope

Author: Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gallardo, Patricio A., Puddu, Roberto, Dicker, Simon R., Adler, Alexandre E., Ali, Aamir M., Bazarko, Andrew, Chesmore, Grace E., Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Dachlythra, Nadia, Devlin, Mark, Dünner, Rolando, Fabbian, Giulio, Galitzki, Nicholas, Golec, Joseph E., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hargrave, Peter C., Kofman, Anna M., Lee, Adrian T., Limon, Michele, Matsuda, Frederick T., Mauskopf, Philip D., Moodley, Kavilan, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Partridge, Bruce, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Sierra, Carlos E., Simon, Sara M., Teply, Grant P., Tucker, Carole, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present geometrical and physical optics simulation results for the Simons Observatory Large Aperture Telescope. This work was developed as part of the general design process for the telescope; allowing us to evaluate the impact of various design choices on performance metrics and potential systematic effects. The primary goal of the simulations was to evaluate the final design of the reflectors and the cold optics which are now being built. We describe non-sequential ray tracing used to inform the design of the cold optics, including absorbers internal to each optics tube. We discuss ray tracing simulations of the telescope structure that allow us to determine geometries that minimize detector loading and mitigate spurious near-field effects that have not been resolved by the internal baffling. We also describe physical optics simulations, performed over a range of frequencies and field locations, that produce estimates of monochromatic far field beam patterns which in turn are used to gauge general optical performance. Finally, we describe simulations that shed light on beam sidelobes from panel gap diffraction., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2020
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22. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR4 Maps and Cosmological Parameters

Author: Aiola, Simone, Calabrese, Erminia, Maurin, Loïc, Naess, Sigurd, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Abitbol, Maximilian H., Addison, Graeme E., Ade, Peter A. R., Alonso, David, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, Angile, Elio, Austermann, Jason E., Baildon, Taylor, Battaglia, Nick, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Becker, Daniel T., Bond, J Richard, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Calafut, Victoria, Campusano, Luis E., Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Cothard, Nicholas F., Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin T., Darwish, Omar, Datta, Rahul, Denison, Edward V., Devlin, Mark J., Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fankhanel, Max, Ferraro, Simone, Fox, Anna E., Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Grace, Emily, Gralla, Megan, Guan, Yilun, Hall, Kirsten, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasselfield, Matthew, Helton, Jakob M., Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Infante, Leopoldo, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Rebecca, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Lakey, Victoria, Li, Dale, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marsden, Danica, McMahon, Jeff, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morton, Tim, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nibarger, John P., Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Sherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pappas, Christine G., Partridge, Bruce, Phakathi, Phumlani, Pisano, Giampaolo, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Rivera, Jesus, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Simon, Sara, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason, Storer, Emilie, Sunder, Dhaneshwar D., Switzer, Eric R., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jonathan T., Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present new arcminute-resolution maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization anisotropy from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, using data taken from 2013-2016 at 98 and 150 GHz. The maps cover more than 17,000 deg$^2$, the deepest 600 deg$^2$ with noise levels below 10 $\mu$K-arcmin. We use the power spectrum derived from almost 6,000 deg$^2$ of these maps to constrain cosmology. The ACT data enable a measurement of the angular scale of features in both the divergence-like polarization and the temperature anisotropy, tracing both the velocity and density at last-scattering. From these one can derive the distance to the last-scattering surface and thus infer the local expansion rate, $H_0$. By combining ACT data with large-scale information from WMAP we measure $H_0 = 67.6 \pm 1.1$ km/s/Mpc, at 68% confidence, in excellent agreement with the independently-measured Planck satellite estimate (from ACT alone we find $H_0 = 67.9 \pm 1.5$ km/s/Mpc). The $\Lambda$CDM model provides a good fit to the ACT data, and we find no evidence for deviations: both the spatial curvature, and the departure from the standard lensing signal in the spectrum, are zero to within 1$\sigma$; the number of relativistic species, the primordial Helium fraction, and the running of the spectral index are consistent with $\Lambda$CDM predictions to within $1.5 - 2.2\sigma$. We compare ACT, WMAP, and Planck at the parameter level and find good consistency; we investigate how the constraints on the correlated spectral index and baryon density parameters readjust when adding CMB large-scale information that ACT does not measure. The DR4 products presented here will be publicly released on the NASA Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis., Comment: 33 pages, 24 figures, products available on the NASA LAMBDA website, version accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2020
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23. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectra at 98 and 150 GHz

Author: Choi, Steve K., Hasselfield, Matthew, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Koopman, Brian, Lungu, Marius, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Addison, Graeme E., Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alonso, David, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, Angile, Elio, Austermann, Jason E., Baildon, Taylor, Battaglia, Nick, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Becker, Daniel T., Bond, J Richard, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Campusano, Luis E., Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Clark, Susan E., Cothard, Nicholas F., Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin T., Darwish, Omar, Datta, Rahul, Denison, Edward V., Devlin, Mark J., Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fankhanel, Max, Ferraro, Simone, Fox, Anna E., Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Grace, Emily, Gralla, Megan, Guan, Yilun, Hall, Kirsten, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Infante, Leopoldo, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Rebecca, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kosowsky, Arthur, Lakey, Victoria, Li, Dale, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marsden, Danica, Maurin, Loïc, McMahon, Jeff, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morton, Tim, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nibarger, John P., Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Sherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pappas, Christine G., Partridge, Bruce, Phakathi, Phumlani, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Rivera, Jesus, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Simon, Sara, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason, Storer, Emilie, Sunder, Dhaneshwar D., Switzer, Eric R., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jonathan T., Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the temperature and polarization angular power spectra of the CMB measured by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 5400 deg$^2$ of the 2013-2016 survey, which covers $>$15000 deg$^2$ at 98 and 150 GHz. For this analysis we adopt a blinding strategy to help avoid confirmation bias and, related to this, show numerous checks for systematic error done before unblinding. Using the likelihood for the cosmological analysis we constrain secondary sources of anisotropy and foreground emission, and derive a "CMB-only" spectrum that extends to $\ell=4000$. At large angular scales, foreground emission at 150 GHz is $\sim$1% of TT and EE within our selected regions and consistent with that found by Planck. Using the same likelihood, we obtain the cosmological parameters for $\Lambda$CDM for the ACT data alone with a prior on the optical depth of $\tau=0.065\pm0.015$. $\Lambda$CDM is a good fit. The best-fit model has a reduced $\chi^2$ of 1.07 (PTE=0.07) with $H_0=67.9\pm1.5$ km/s/Mpc. We show that the lensing BB signal is consistent with $\Lambda$CDM and limit the celestial EB polarization angle to $\psi_P =-0.07^{\circ}\pm0.09^{\circ}$. We directly cross correlate ACT with Planck and observe generally good agreement but with some discrepancies in TE. All data on which this analysis is based will be publicly released., Comment: 44 pages, 27 figures, products available on the NASA LAMBDA website, version accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2020
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24. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra at 98 and 150 GHz

Author: Choi, Steve K, Hasselfield, Matthew, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Koopman, Brian, Lungu, Marius, Abitbol, Maximilian H, Addison, Graeme E, Ade, Peter AR, Aiola, Simone, Alonso, David, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, Angile, Elio, Austermann, Jason E, Baildon, Taylor, Battaglia, Nick, Beall, James A, Bean, Rachel, Becker, Daniel T, Bond, J Richard, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Campusano, Luis E, Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E, Cho, Hsiao-mei, Clark, Susan E, Cothard, Nicholas F, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin T, Darwish, Omar, Datta, Rahul, Denison, Edward V, Devlin, Mark J, Duell, Cody J, Duff, Shannon M, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J, Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fankhanel, Max, Ferraro, Simone, Fox, Anna E, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A, Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E, Grace, Emily, Gralla, Megan, Guan, Yilun, Hall, Kirsten, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, J Colin, Hilton, Gene C, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D, Hložek, Renée, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M, Hughes, John P, Infante, Leopoldo, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Rebecca, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kosowsky, Arthur, Lakey, Vincent, Li, Dale, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marsden, Danica, Maurin, Loïc, McMahon, Jeff, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morton, Tim, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nibarger, John P, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D, Nolta, Michael R, Orlowski-Sherer, John, Page, Lyman A, Pappas, Christine G, Partridge, Bruce, and Phakathi, Phumlani
Subjects: Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, CMBR experiments, CMBR polarisation, cosmological parameters from CMBR, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: We present the temperature and polarization angular power spectra of the CMB measured by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 5400 deg2 of the 2013–2016 survey, which covers >15000 deg2 at 98 and 150 GHz. For this analysis we adopt a blinding strategy to help avoid confirmation bias and, related to this, show numerous checks for systematic error done before unblinding. Using the likelihood for the cosmological analysis we constrain secondary sources of anisotropy and foreground emission, and derive a “CMB-only” spectrum that extends to ` = 4000. At large angular scales, foreground emission at 150 GHz is ∼1% of TT and EE within our selected regions and consistent with that found by Planck. Using the same likelihood, we obtain the cosmological parameters for ΛCDM for the ACT data alone with a prior on the optical depth of τ = 0.065 ± 0.015. ΛCDM is a good fit. The best-fit model has a reduced χ2 of 1.07 (PTE = 0.07) with H0 = 67.9 ± 1.5 km/s/Mpc. We show that the lensing BB signal is consistent with ΛCDM and limit the celestial EB polarization angle to ψP = −0.07◦ ±0.09◦. We directly cross correlate ACT with Planck and observe generally good agreement but with some discrepancies in TE. All data on which this analysis is based will be publicly released.
Published: 2020

25. The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

Author: The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D., Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C., Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zonca, Andrea
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4., Comment: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1808.07445
Published: 2019

26. Feedhorn development and scalability for Simons Observatory and beyond

Author: Simon, Sara M., Golec, Joseph E., Ali, Aamir, Austermann, Jason, Beall, James A., Bruno, Sarah Marie M., Choi, Steve K., Crowley, Kevin T., Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Healy, Erin, Hill, Charles A., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hubmayr, Johannes, Li, Yaqiong, Lungu, Marius, McMahon, Jeff, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Salatino, Maria, Staggs, Suzanne, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) will measure the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in both temperature and polarization over a wide range of angular scales and frequencies from 27-270 GHz with unprecedented sensitivity. One technology for coupling light onto the $\sim$50 detector wafers that SO will field is spline-profiled feedhorns, which offer tunability between coupling efficiency and control of beam polarization leakage effects. We will present efforts to scale up feedhorn production for SO and their viability for future CMB experiments, including direct-machining metal feedhorn arrays and laser machining stacked Si arrays.
Published: 2018
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27. Studies of Systematic Uncertainties for Simons Observatory: Polarization Modulator Related Effects

Author: Salatino, Maria, Lashner, Jacob, Gerbino, Martina, Simon, Sara M., Didier, Joy, Ali, Aamir, Ashton, Peter C., Bryan, Sean, Chinone, Yuji, Coughlin, Kevin, Crowley, Kevin T., Fabbian, Giulio, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Hill, Charles A., Keating, Brian, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., McMahon, Jeffrey, Miller, Amber D., Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Teply, Grant, Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) will observe the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) over a wide range of frequencies (27 to 270 GHz) and angular scales by using both small (0.5 m) and large (6 m) aperture telescopes. The SO small aperture telescopes will target degree angular scales where the primordial B-mode polarization signal is expected to peak. The incoming polarization signal of the small aperture telescopes will be modulated by a cryogenic, continuously-rotating half-wave plate (CRHWP) to mitigate systematic effects arising from slowly varying noise and detector pair-differencing. In this paper, we present an assessment of some systematic effects arising from using a CRHWP in the SO small aperture systems. We focus on systematic effects associated with structural properties of the HWP and effects arising when operating a HWP, including the amplitude of the HWP synchronous signal (HWPSS), and I -> P (intensity to polarization) leakage that arises from detector non-linearity in the presence of a large HWPSS. We demonstrate our ability to simulate the impact of the aforementioned systematic effects in the time domain. This important step will inform mitigation strategies and design decisions to ensure that SO will meet its science goals., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to the Proceedings of SPIE: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX
Published: 2018

28. The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts

Author: The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture 6-m telescope (LAT), with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The SATs will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ~10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, at a target level of $\sigma(r)=0.003$. The LAT will map ~40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the LSST sky region and partially with DESI. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources., Comment: This paper presents an overview of the Simons Observatory science goals, details about the instrument will be presented in a companion paper. The author contribution to this paper is available at https://simonsobservatory.org/publications.php (Abstract abridged) -- matching version published in JCAP
Published: 2018
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29. The Simons Observatory: Instrument Overview

Author: Galitzki, Nicholas, Ali, Aamir, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter C., Austermann, Jason E., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Beall, James A., Beckman, Shawn, Bruno, Sarah Marie M., Bryan, Sean, Calisse, Paolo G., Chesmore, Grace E., Chinone, Yuji, Choi, Steve K., Coppi, Gabriele, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Fabbian, Giulio, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gerbino, Martina, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Healy, Erin E., Henderson, Shawn, Hill, Charles A., Hilton, Gene C., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan A., Hubmayr, Johannes, Jeong, Oliver, Keating, Brian, Koopman, Brian J., Kuichi, Kenji, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian T., Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lungu, Marius, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip D., May, Andrew J., McCallum, Nialh, McMahon, Jeff, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John L., Parshley, Stephen C., Piccirillo, Lucio, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raum, Christopher, Salatino, Maria, Seibert, Joseph S., Sierra, Carlos, Silva-Feaver, Max, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason R., Suzuki, Aritoki, Teply, Grant, Thornton, Robert, Tsai, Calvin, Ullom, Joel N., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) will make precise temperature and polarization measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using a set of telescopes which will cover angular scales between 1 arcminute and tens of degrees, contain over 60,000 detectors, and observe at frequencies between 27 and 270 GHz. SO will consist of a 6 m aperture telescope coupled to over 30,000 transition-edge sensor bolometers along with three 42 cm aperture refractive telescopes, coupled to an additional 30,000+ detectors, all of which will be located in the Atacama Desert at an altitude of 5190 m. The powerful combination of large and small apertures in a CMB observatory will allow us to sample a wide range of angular scales over a common survey area. SO will measure fundamental cosmological parameters of our universe, constrain primordial fluctuations, find high redshift clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel`dovich effect, constrain properties of neutrinos, and trace the density and velocity of the matter in the universe over cosmic time. The complex set of technical and science requirements for this experiment has led to innovative instrumentation solutions which we will discuss. The large aperture telescope will couple to a cryogenic receiver that is 2.4 m in diameter and nearly 3 m long, creating a number of technical challenges. Concurrently, we are designing the array of cryogenic receivers housing the 42 cm aperture telescopes. We will discuss the sensor technology SO will use and we will give an overview of the drivers for and designs of the SO telescopes and receivers, with their cold optical components and detector arrays.
Published: 2018
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30. The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

Author: Collaboration, The Simons Observatory, Abitbol, Maximilian H, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A, Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F, Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D, Crowley, Kevin T, Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M, Dünner, Rolando, Haan, Tijmen de, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, and Gudmundsson, Jon E
Subjects: astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background(CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile thatpromises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology,and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-SimonsFoundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will seefirst light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists ofthree 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large ApertureTelescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarizationmeasurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep,degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordialgravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minuteresolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrinomasses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, andrefine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role offeedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution ofthe Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mappingspeed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMBtemperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in sixfrequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science whileinforming the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4.
Published: 2019

31. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

Author: Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A, Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F, Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D, Crowley, Kevin T, Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M, Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, and Hill, Charles A
Subjects: Particle and High Energy Physics, Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, CMBR experiments, CMBR polarisation, cosmological parameters from CMBR, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 μK-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of σ(r)=0.003. The large aperture telescope will map 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 μK-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.
Published: 2019

32. Special Relativity

Author: Mayerson, Daniel R., Charles, Anthony M., Golec, Joseph E., Mayerson, Daniel R., Charles, Anthony M., and Golec, Joseph E.
Published: 2019
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33. Fundamentals of Math and Classical Mechanics

Author: Mayerson, Daniel R., Charles, Anthony M., Golec, Joseph E., Mayerson, Daniel R., Charles, Anthony M., and Golec, Joseph E.
Published: 2019
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34. General Relativity

Author: Mayerson, Daniel R., Charles, Anthony M., Golec, Joseph E., Mayerson, Daniel R., Charles, Anthony M., and Golec, Joseph E.
Published: 2019
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35. Introduction

Author: Mayerson, Daniel R., Charles, Anthony M., Golec, Joseph E., Mayerson, Daniel R., Charles, Anthony M., and Golec, Joseph E.
Published: 2019
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36. Atacama Cosmology Telescope: High-resolution component-separated maps across one third of the sky

Author: Coulton, William, primary, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., additional, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., additional, Hill, J. Colin, additional, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, additional, Ade, Peter A. R., additional, Aiola, Simone, additional, Alford, Tommy, additional, Amiri, Mandana, additional, Amodeo, Stefania, additional, An, Rui, additional, Atkins, Zachary, additional, Austermann, Jason E., additional, Battaglia, Nicholas, additional, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, additional, Beall, James A., additional, Bean, Rachel, additional, Beringue, Benjamin, additional, Bhandarkar, Tanay, additional, Biermann, Emily, additional, Bolliet, Boris, additional, Bond, J. Richard, additional, Cai, Hongbo, additional, Calabrese, Erminia, additional, Calafut, Victoria, additional, Capalbo, Valentina, additional, Carrero, Felipe, additional, Chesmore, Grace E., additional, Cho, Hsiao-mei, additional, Choi, Steve K., additional, Clark, Susan E., additional, Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, additional, Cothard, Nicholas F., additional, Coughlin, Kevin, additional, Crowley, Kevin T., additional, Devlin, Mark J., additional, Dicker, Simon, additional, Doze, Peter, additional, Duell, Cody J., additional, Duff, Shannon M., additional, Dunkley, Jo, additional, Dünner, Rolando, additional, Fanfani, Valentina, additional, Fankhanel, Max, additional, Farren, Gerrit, additional, Ferraro, Simone, additional, Freundt, Rodrigo, additional, Fuzia, Brittany, additional, Gallardo, Patricio A., additional, Garrido, Xavier, additional, Givans, Jahmour, additional, Gluscevic, Vera, additional, Golec, Joseph E., additional, Guan, Yilun, additional, Halpern, Mark, additional, Han, Dongwon, additional, Hasselfield, Matthew, additional, Healy, Erin, additional, Henderson, Shawn, additional, Hensley, Brandon, additional, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, additional, Hilton, Gene C., additional, Hilton, Matt, additional, Hincks, Adam D., additional, Hložek, Renée, additional, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, additional, Huber, Zachary B., additional, Hubmayr, Johannes, additional, Huffenberger, Kevin M., additional, Hughes, John P., additional, Irwin, Kent, additional, Isopi, Giovanni, additional, Jense, Hidde T., additional, Keller, Ben, additional, Kim, Joshua, additional, Knowles, Kenda, additional, Koopman, Brian J., additional, Kosowsky, Arthur, additional, Kramer, Darby, additional, Kusiak, Aleksandra, additional, La Posta, Adrien, additional, Lakey, Victoria, additional, Lee, Eunseong, additional, Li, Zack, additional, Li, Yaqiong, additional, Limon, Michele, additional, Lokken, Martine, additional, Louis, Thibaut, additional, Lungu, Marius, additional, MacCrann, Niall, additional, MacInnis, Amanda, additional, Maldonado, Diego, additional, Maldonado, Felipe, additional, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, additional, Marques, Gabriela A., additional, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, additional, McCarthy, Fiona, additional, McMahon, Jeff, additional, Mehta, Yogesh, additional, Menanteau, Felipe, additional, Moodley, Kavilan, additional, Morris, Thomas W., additional, Mroczkowski, Tony, additional, Naess, Sigurd, additional, Namikawa, Toshiya, additional, Nati, Federico, additional, Newburgh, Laura, additional, Nicola, Andrina, additional, Niemack, Michael D., additional, Nolta, Michael R., additional, Orlowski-Scherer, John, additional, Page, Lyman A., additional, Pandey, Shivam, additional, Partridge, Bruce, additional, Prince, Heather, additional, Puddu, Roberto, additional, Qu, Frank J., additional, Radiconi, Federico, additional, Robertson, Naomi, additional, Rojas, Felipe, additional, Sakuma, Tai, additional, Salatino, Maria, additional, Schaan, Emmanuel, additional, Schmitt, Benjamin L., additional, Sehgal, Neelima, additional, Shaikh, Shabbir, additional, Sherwin, Blake D., additional, Sierra, Carlos, additional, Sievers, Jon, additional, Sifón, Cristóbal, additional, Simon, Sara, additional, Sonka, Rita, additional, Spergel, David N., additional, Staggs, Suzanne T., additional, Storer, Emilie, additional, Switzer, Eric R., additional, Tampier, Niklas, additional, Thornton, Robert, additional, Trac, Hy, additional, Treu, Jesse, additional, Tucker, Carole, additional, Ullom, Joel, additional, Vale, Leila R., additional, Van Engelen, Alexander, additional, Van Lanen, Jeff, additional, Vargas, Cristian, additional, Vavagiakis, Eve M., additional, Wagoner, Kasey, additional, Wang, Yuhan, additional, Wenzl, Lukas, additional, Wollack, Edward J., additional, Xu, Zhilei, additional, Zago, Fernando, additional, and Zheng, Kaiwen, additional
Published: 2024
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37. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters

Author: Madhavacheril, Mathew S., primary, Qu, Frank J., additional, Sherwin, Blake D., additional, MacCrann, Niall, additional, Li, Yaqiong, additional, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, additional, Ade, Peter A. R., additional, Aiola, Simone, additional, Alford, Tommy, additional, Amiri, Mandana, additional, Amodeo, Stefania, additional, An, Rui, additional, Atkins, Zachary, additional, Austermann, Jason E., additional, Battaglia, Nicholas, additional, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, additional, Beall, James A., additional, Bean, Rachel, additional, Beringue, Benjamin, additional, Bhandarkar, Tanay, additional, Biermann, Emily, additional, Bolliet, Boris, additional, Bond, J Richard, additional, Cai, Hongbo, additional, Calabrese, Erminia, additional, Calafut, Victoria, additional, Capalbo, Valentina, additional, Carrero, Felipe, additional, Challinor, Anthony, additional, Chesmore, Grace E., additional, Cho, Hsiao-mei, additional, Choi, Steve K., additional, Clark, Susan E., additional, Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, additional, Cothard, Nicholas F., additional, Coughlin, Kevin, additional, Coulton, William, additional, Crowley, Kevin T., additional, Dalal, Roohi, additional, Darwish, Omar, additional, Devlin, Mark J., additional, Dicker, Simon, additional, Doze, Peter, additional, Duell, Cody J., additional, Duff, Shannon M., additional, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., additional, Dunkley, Jo, additional, Dünner, Rolando, additional, Fanfani, Valentina, additional, Fankhanel, Max, additional, Farren, Gerrit, additional, Ferraro, Simone, additional, Freundt, Rodrigo, additional, Fuzia, Brittany, additional, Gallardo, Patricio A., additional, Garrido, Xavier, additional, Givans, Jahmour, additional, Gluscevic, Vera, additional, Golec, Joseph E., additional, Guan, Yilun, additional, Hall, Kirsten R., additional, Halpern, Mark, additional, Han, Dongwon, additional, Harrison, Ian, additional, Hasselfield, Matthew, additional, Healy, Erin, additional, Henderson, Shawn, additional, Hensley, Brandon, additional, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, additional, Hill, J. Colin, additional, Hilton, Gene C., additional, Hilton, Matt, additional, Hincks, Adam D., additional, Hložek, Renée, additional, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, additional, Huber, Zachary B., additional, Hubmayr, Johannes, additional, Huffenberger, Kevin M., additional, Hughes, John P., additional, Irwin, Kent, additional, Isopi, Giovanni, additional, Jense, Hidde T., additional, Keller, Ben, additional, Kim, Joshua, additional, Knowles, Kenda, additional, Koopman, Brian J., additional, Kosowsky, Arthur, additional, Kramer, Darby, additional, Kusiak, Aleksandra, additional, La Posta, Adrien, additional, Lague, Alex, additional, Lakey, Victoria, additional, Lee, Eunseong, additional, Li, Zack, additional, Limon, Michele, additional, Lokken, Martine, additional, Louis, Thibaut, additional, Lungu, Marius, additional, MacInnis, Amanda, additional, Maldonado, Diego, additional, Maldonado, Felipe, additional, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, additional, Marques, Gabriela A., additional, McMahon, Jeff, additional, Mehta, Yogesh, additional, Menanteau, Felipe, additional, Moodley, Kavilan, additional, Morris, Thomas W., additional, Mroczkowski, Tony, additional, Naess, Sigurd, additional, Namikawa, Toshiya, additional, Nati, Federico, additional, Newburgh, Laura, additional, Nicola, Andrina, additional, Niemack, Michael D., additional, Nolta, Michael R., additional, Orlowski-Scherer, John, additional, Page, Lyman A., additional, Pandey, Shivam, additional, Partridge, Bruce, additional, Prince, Heather, additional, Puddu, Roberto, additional, Radiconi, Federico, additional, Robertson, Naomi, additional, Rojas, Felipe, additional, Sakuma, Tai, additional, Salatino, Maria, additional, Schaan, Emmanuel, additional, Schmitt, Benjamin L., additional, Sehgal, Neelima, additional, Shaikh, Shabbir, additional, Sierra, Carlos, additional, Sievers, Jon, additional, Sifón, Cristóbal, additional, Simon, Sara, additional, Sonka, Rita, additional, Spergel, David N., additional, Staggs, Suzanne T., additional, Storer, Emilie, additional, Switzer, Eric R., additional, Tampier, Niklas, additional, Thornton, Robert, additional, Trac, Hy, additional, Treu, Jesse, additional, Tucker, Carole, additional, Ullom, Joel, additional, Vale, Leila R., additional, Van Engelen, Alexander, additional, Van Lanen, Jeff, additional, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, additional, Vargas, Cristian, additional, Vavagiakis, Eve M., additional, Wagoner, Kasey, additional, Wang, Yuhan, additional, Wenzl, Lukas, additional, Wollack, Edward J., additional, Xu, Zhilei, additional, Zago, Fernando, additional, and Zheng, Kaiwen, additional
Published: 2024
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38. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and Its Implications for Structure Growth

Author: Qu, Frank J., primary, Sherwin, Blake D., additional, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., additional, Han, Dongwon, additional, Crowley, Kevin T., additional, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, additional, Ade, Peter A. R., additional, Aiola, Simone, additional, Alford, Tommy, additional, Amiri, Mandana, additional, Amodeo, Stefania, additional, An, Rui, additional, Atkins, Zachary, additional, Austermann, Jason E., additional, Battaglia, Nicholas, additional, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, additional, Beall, James A., additional, Bean, Rachel, additional, Beringue, Benjamin, additional, Bhandarkar, Tanay, additional, Biermann, Emily, additional, Bolliet, Boris, additional, Bond, J Richard, additional, Cai, Hongbo, additional, Calabrese, Erminia, additional, Calafut, Victoria, additional, Capalbo, Valentina, additional, Carrero, Felipe, additional, Carron, Julien, additional, Challinor, Anthony, additional, Chesmore, Grace E., additional, Cho, Hsiao-mei, additional, Choi, Steve K., additional, Clark, Susan E., additional, Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, additional, Cothard, Nicholas F., additional, Coughlin, Kevin, additional, Coulton, William, additional, Dalal, Roohi, additional, Darwish, Omar, additional, Devlin, Mark J., additional, Dicker, Simon, additional, Doze, Peter, additional, Duell, Cody J., additional, Duff, Shannon M., additional, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., additional, Dunkley, Jo, additional, Dünner, Rolando, additional, Fanfani, Valentina, additional, Fankhanel, Max, additional, Farren, Gerrit, additional, Ferraro, Simone, additional, Freundt, Rodrigo, additional, Fuzia, Brittany, additional, Gallardo, Patricio A., additional, Garrido, Xavier, additional, Gluscevic, Vera, additional, Golec, Joseph E., additional, Guan, Yilun, additional, Halpern, Mark, additional, Harrison, Ian, additional, Hasselfield, Matthew, additional, Healy, Erin, additional, Henderson, Shawn, additional, Hensley, Brandon, additional, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, additional, Hill, J. Colin, additional, Hilton, Gene C., additional, Hilton, Matt, additional, Hincks, Adam D., additional, Hložek, Renée, additional, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, additional, Huber, Zachary B., additional, Hubmayr, Johannes, additional, Huffenberger, Kevin M., additional, Hughes, John P., additional, Irwin, Kent, additional, Isopi, Giovanni, additional, Jense, Hidde T., additional, Keller, Ben, additional, Kim, Joshua, additional, Knowles, Kenda, additional, Koopman, Brian J., additional, Kosowsky, Arthur, additional, Kramer, Darby, additional, Kusiak, Aleksandra, additional, La Posta, Adrien, additional, Lague, Alex, additional, Lakey, Victoria, additional, Lee, Eunseong, additional, Li, Zack, additional, Li, Yaqiong, additional, Limon, Michele, additional, Lokken, Martine, additional, Louis, Thibaut, additional, Lungu, Marius, additional, MacCrann, Niall, additional, MacInnis, Amanda, additional, Maldonado, Diego, additional, Maldonado, Felipe, additional, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, additional, Marques, Gabriela A., additional, McMahon, Jeff, additional, Mehta, Yogesh, additional, Menanteau, Felipe, additional, Moodley, Kavilan, additional, Morris, Thomas W., additional, Mroczkowski, Tony, additional, Naess, Sigurd, additional, Namikawa, Toshiya, additional, Nati, Federico, additional, Newburgh, Laura, additional, Nicola, Andrina, additional, Niemack, Michael D., additional, Nolta, Michael R., additional, Orlowski-Scherer, John, additional, Page, Lyman A., additional, Pandey, Shivam, additional, Partridge, Bruce, additional, Prince, Heather, additional, Puddu, Roberto, additional, Radiconi, Federico, additional, Robertson, Naomi, additional, Rojas, Felipe, additional, Sakuma, Tai, additional, Salatino, Maria, additional, Schaan, Emmanuel, additional, Schmitt, Benjamin L., additional, Sehgal, Neelima, additional, Shaikh, Shabbir, additional, Sierra, Carlos, additional, Sievers, Jon, additional, Sifón, Cristóbal, additional, Simon, Sara, additional, Sonka, Rita, additional, Spergel, David N., additional, Staggs, Suzanne T., additional, Storer, Emilie, additional, Switzer, Eric R., additional, Tampier, Niklas, additional, Thornton, Robert, additional, Trac, Hy, additional, Treu, Jesse, additional, Tucker, Carole, additional, Ullom, Joel, additional, Vale, Leila R., additional, Van Engelen, Alexander, additional, Van Lanen, Jeff, additional, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, additional, Vargas, Cristian, additional, Vavagiakis, Eve M., additional, Wagoner, Kasey, additional, Wang, Yuhan, additional, Wenzl, Lukas, additional, Wollack, Edward J., additional, Xu, Zhilei, additional, Zago, Fernando, additional, and Zheng, Kaiwen, additional
Published: 2024
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39. Superfluid-tight cryogenic receiver with continuous sub-kelvin cooling for EXCLAIM

Author: Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, Dahal, Sumit, Ade, Peter A. R., Anderson, Christopher J., Barlis, Alyssa, Barrentine, Emily M., Beeman, Jeffrey W., Bellis, Nicholas G., Bolatto, Alberto D., Braianova, Victoria, Breysse, Patrick C., Bulcha, Berhanu T., Cataldo, Giuseppe, Colazo, Felipe A., Chevres-Fernandez, Lee-Roger, Cho, Chullhee, Chmaytelli, Danny S., Connors, Jake A., Costen, Nicholas P., Cursey, Paul W., Ehsan, Negar, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas M., Glenn, Jason, Golec, Joseph E., Hays-Wehle, James P., Hess, Larry A., Jahromi, Amir E., Jenkins, Trevian, Kimball, Mark O., Kogut, Alan J., Kramer, Samuel H., Leung, Nicole, Lowe, Luke N., Mauskopf, Philip D., McMahon, Jeffrey J., Mikula, Vilem, Mirzaei, Mona, Moseley, Samuel H., Mugge-Durum, Jonas W., Nellis, Jacob, Noroozian, Omid, Okun, Kate, Oxholm, Trevor, Parekh, Tatsat, Pen, Ue-Li, Pullen, Anthony R., Rahmani, Maryam, Ramirez, Mathias M., Roberson, Cody, Rodriguez, Samelys, Roselli, Florian, Sapkota, Deepak, Shire, Konrad, Siebert, Gage L., Siddique, Faizah, Sinclair, Adrian K., Somerville, Rachel S., Stephenson, Ryan, Stevenson, Thomas R., Switzer, Eric R., Termini, Jared, Timbie, Peter T., Trenkamp, Justin, Tucker, Carole E., Visbal, Elijah, Volpert, Carolyn G., Watson, Joseph, Weeks, Eric, Wollack, Edward J., Yang, Shengqi, and Yung, Aaron
Published: 2024
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40. Informed options trading before FDA drug advisory meetings

Author: Wu, Zekun, primary, Borochin, Paul, additional, and Golec, Joseph, additional
Published: 2023
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41. Effects of Profit-Reducing Policies on Firm Survival, Financial Performance, and New Drug Introductions in the Research-Based Pharmaceutical Industry [with Commentary]

Author: Filson, Darren, Masia, Neal, and Golec, Joseph
Published: 2007
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42. Does Earnings Management Relieve the Negative Effects of Mandatory Pension Contributions?

Author: Phan, Hieu V., Khieu, Hinh D., and Golec, Joseph
Published: 2017

43. Measuring the Performance of the Secondary Market for Life Insurance Policies

Author: Giaccotto, Carmelo, Golec, Joseph, and Schmutz, Bryan P.
Published: 2017
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44. Relativity: A Journey Through Warped Space and Time

Author: Mayerson, Daniel R., primary, Charles, Anthony M., additional, and Golec, Joseph E., additional
Published: 2019
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45. Herding on Noise: The Case of Johnson Redbook's Weekly Retail Sales Data

Author: Golec, Joseph
Published: 1997
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46. Using options to measure the full value-effect of an event: Application to Obamacare

Author: Borochin, Paul and Golec, Joseph
Published: 2016
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47. Simons Observatory: characterizing the Large Aperture Telescope Receiver with radio holography

Author: Chesmore, Grace E., primary, Harrington, Kathleen, additional, Sierra, Carlos E., additional, Gallardo, Patricio A., additional, Sutariya, Shreya, additional, Alford, Tommy, additional, Adler, Alexandre E., additional, Bhandarkar, Tanay, additional, Coppi, Gabriele, additional, Dachlythra, Nadia, additional, Golec, Joseph, additional, Gudmundsson, Jon, additional, Haridas, Saianeesh K., additional, Johnson, Bradley R., additional, Kofman, Anna M., additional, Iuliano, Jeffrey, additional, McMahon, Jeff, additional, Niemack, Michael D., additional, Orlowski-Scherer, John, additional, Perez Sarmiento, Karen, additional, Puddu, Roberto, additional, Silva-Feaver, Max, additional, Simon, Sara M., additional, Robe, Julia, additional, Wollack, Edward J., additional, and Xu, Zhilei, additional
Published: 2022
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48. Do Firms Purposefully Change Capital Structure? Evidence from an Investment-Opportunity Shock to Drug Firms.

Author: Giambona, Erasmo, Golec, Joseph, and Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio
Subjects: CAPITAL structure, DRUG factories, PHARMACEUTICAL industry, INVESTMENTS, DRUG price laws, BIOLOGICALS, BORROWING capacity
Abstract: We study the capital structure changes of drug firms after an investment-opportunity shock brought about by the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we show that the shock led drug firms to make their capital structures less constraining by decreasing leverage, shortening debt maturity, increasing unsecured debt, and reducing convertible debt. New debt covenants became less restrictive and firms raised equity to preserve borrowing capacity. Our results support the view that firms actively manage their capital structures to bolster financial flexibility and increase debt capacity in response to new investment opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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49. Astro2020 APC White Paper Project: The Simons Observatory

Author: Abitbol, Maximilian H, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A, Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F, Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D, Crowley, Kevin T, Cukierman, Ari, D’Ewart, John M, D¨unner, Rolando, Haan, Tijmen de, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Flux`a, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W, Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D, Hinshaw, Gary, Hlozek, Renee, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D, Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P, Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loıc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M, Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T, Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R, Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B, Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M, Verg`es, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zonca, Andrea
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form (‘SO-Nominal’) consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating (“Stage 3”) experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4. Construction of SO-Nominal is fully funded, and operations and data analysis are funded for part of the planned five-year observations. We will seek federal funding to complete the observations and analysis of SO-Nominal, at the $25M level. The SO has a low risk and cost efficient upgrade path – the 6 m LAT can accommodate almost twice the baseline number of detectors and the SATs can be duplicated at low cost. We will seek funding at the $75M level for an expansion of the SO (‘SO-Enhanced’) that fills the remaining focal plane in the LAT, adds three SATs, and extends operations by five years, substantially improving our science return. By this time SO may be operating as part of the larger CMB-S4 project. This white paper summarizes and extends material presented in, which describes the science goals of SO-Nominal, and which describe the instrument design.
Published: 2019

50. Simons Observatory: broadband metamaterial antireflection cuttings for large-aperture alumina optics

Author: Golec, Joseph E., primary, Sutariya, Shreya, additional, Jackson, Rebecca, additional, Zimmerman, Jerry, additional, Dicker, Simon R., additional, Iuliano, Jeffrey, additional, McMahon, Jeff, additional, Puglisi, Giuseppe, additional, Tucker, Carole, additional, and Wollack, Edward J., additional
Published: 2022
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