Search

Purpose: To examine the experiences of a cohort of health and physical education teachers and consultants who were learning to become instructional coaches. Methods: Three surveys and three focus groups were administered to 14 participants over 9 months to consider their experiences of learning to become instructional coaches. Concepts from expectancy-value theory guided analyses of both quantitative and qualitative data. Results: Participants reported positive experiences learning to become instructional coaches. Understanding and importance-utility value increased significantly between the administration of initial and end surveys. Focus group data generally supported quantitative findings while enabling more specific insights to be gained, particularly regarding specific moments of participants' learning that led to a shift in thinking or practice. Conclusions: Participants valued their experiences learning to become instructional coaches and identified the instructional coaching model as a powerful form of job-embedded professional learning based on teachers' context-specific needs.

Purpose: Intravitreal administration of drug molecules is one of the most common routes for treating posterior segment eye diseases. However, the properties of vitreous humour changes with the time. A number of ocular complications such as liquefaction of the vitreous humour, solidification of the vitreous humour in the central vitreous cavity and detachment of the limiting membrane due to the shrinking of vitreous humour are some of the factors that can drastically affect the efficacy of therapeutics delivered via intravitreal route. Although significant research has been conducted for studying the properties of vitreous humour and its changes during the ageing process, there have been limited work to understand the effect of these changes on therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal drug delivery systems. Therefore, in this review we discussed both the coomposition and characteristics of the vitreous humour, and their subsequent influence on intravitreal drug delivery. Methods: Articles were searched on Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science up to March 2022. Results: In this review, we discussed the biological composition and biomechanical properties of vitreous humour, methods to study the properties of vitreous humour and the changes in these properties and their relevance in ocular drug delivery field, with the aim to provide a useful insight into these aspects which can aid the process of development of novel intravitreal drug delivery systems. Conclusions: The composition and characteristics of the vitreous humour, and how these change during natural aging processes, directly influence intravitreal drug delivery. This review therefore highlights the importance of understanding the properties of the vitreous and identifies the need to achieve greater understanding of how changing properties of the vitreous affect the therapeutic efficacy of drugs administered for the treatment of posterior eye diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]