1,003 results on '"Gingival Diseases pathology"'
Search Results
2. Recurrent peripheral odontogenic keratocyst: Review of the literature and presentation of a novel case initially masquerading as an atypical infected lateral periodontal cyst.
- Author
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Brooks JK, Sultan AS, Rabkin MP, Sands JM, Everett DE, Price JB, and Basile JR
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- Humans, Female, Male, Diagnosis, Differential, Middle Aged, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases pathology, Adult, Odontogenic Cysts diagnosis, Odontogenic Cysts pathology, Recurrence, Periodontal Cyst diagnosis, Periodontal Cyst pathology
- Abstract
Aim: To review published cases and case series of the peripheral odontogenic keratocyst (POKC) of the gingiva, report an unusual presentation, and discuss lesional recurrence., Materials and Methods: A search of the English language literature for gingival OKCs was conducted. The inclusion of new case yielded a database containing 29 affected patients. Clinical, surgical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings have been summarized., Results: With available patient demographics, 62.5% were female and 37.5% were male, with an overall mean age at diagnosis of 53.8 years. There was near-equal lesional affinity for the jaws, of which 44.0% occurred in the posterior region, 32.0% anteriorly, and 24.0% overlapped these areas. Twenty-five percent of lesions had a normal color, 30.0% appeared yellow, 20.0% were white, and 10.0% were blue. The majority of lesions were < 1 cm and nearly 42% manifested exudation or fluctuance. Lesional pain was infrequent. Pressure resorption was recorded in 45.8% of cases. Most lesions were managed with conservative surgical modalities. Follow-up information was available in 16 primary cases, of which 5 recurred, signifying a 31.3% recurrence rate, including the featured case, which recurred twice., Conclusion: To reduce recurrence of a gingival OKC, supraperiosteal dissection is advocated. Further, it is advised to follow POKCs for 5-7 years postoperatively, remaining vigilant for subtle clinical manifestations of recurrence. Timely discovery and excision of a POKC of the gingiva may decrease the incidence of a mucogingival defect., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. An alternative method for esthetic and functional management of oral pyogenic granuloma.
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Güler K and Görgün EP
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Periodontal Index, Treatment Outcome, Follow-Up Studies, Gingivoplasty methods, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Granuloma, Pyogenic surgery, Granuloma, Pyogenic pathology, Gingival Diseases surgery, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingiva pathology, Gingiva surgery, Gingiva transplantation, Esthetics, Dental
- Abstract
Background: Pyogenic granulomas (PGs) are gingival enlargements which cause esthetic and functional problems that hinder chewing and maintaining oral hygiene. In this series consisting of six cases, we report the rehabilitation of PG using partly de-epithelialized gingival grafts., Methods: Following documentation of clinical measurements, a concurrent treatment plan of excision and reconstruction with partly de-epithelialized gingival grafts were followed for all the cases. Six months following procedures, clinical parameters were measured again and a short patient-reported outcome measures consisting of three questions were applied., Results: In histological evaluations, PG features were observed. In the fourth postoperative week, interdental papilla and attached gingiva were restored. Six months follow-up showed reduction in plaque and gingival indices, clinical attachment loss, and mobility. Mean keratinized tissue height was increased from 2.58 ± 2.20 to 6.66 ± 1.66 in the 6th month of operation. Oldest case was stable after 12 months of follow-up and no infection was found at grafting sites. Papillary coverage was achieved., Conclusion: If the PG is not completely removed due to esthetic reservations, a recurrence may occur. Within our limitations, we can suggest that the immediate esthetic rehabilitation with partly de-epithelialized gingival graft presents a compatible approach in the treatment of mucogingival defects after aggressive excision of PG., (© 2023 American Academy of Periodontology.)
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- 2024
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4. Prevalence of Histopathologic Types of Gingival Lesions in the Iranian Population: A 22-Year Retrospective Study.
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Shamloo N, Alam M, and Khaleghi A
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- Humans, Female, Retrospective Studies, Iran epidemiology, Male, Adult, Prevalence, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Child, Young Adult, Aged, Child, Preschool, Gingival Neoplasms epidemiology, Gingival Neoplasms pathology, Granuloma, Giant Cell epidemiology, Granuloma, Giant Cell pathology, Gingiva pathology, Granuloma, Pyogenic epidemiology, Granuloma, Pyogenic pathology, Infant, Biopsy, Fibroma, Ossifying epidemiology, Fibroma, Ossifying pathology, Aged, 80 and over, Gingival Diseases epidemiology, Gingival Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Objectives: Gingiva is one of the supporting tissues around the teeth that can be affected by various neoplastic or nonneoplastic lesions. Previous studies have examined several types of gingival lesions, but the lack of a standardized classification system has hindered meaningful comparisons. Additionally, many studies focused primarily on reactive lesions. Our study aims to contribute to the understanding of gingival lesions by investigating their prevalence across age groups, genders, sites, and by their clinical presentation. This research could lead to improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies., Materials and Methods: This retrospective study explores the prevalence of gingival lesions based on biopsies during a 22-year span. The patient's demographic details, including age, gender, and lesion's clinical presentation were systematically collected. These lesions were categorized into six groups. Descriptive statistics, χ
2 test of independence, and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis., Results: Among the 7668 biopsied lesions, 684 (8.9%) lesions were located in the gingiva, with a greater occurrence in women (63.5%). Soft tissue tumors represented the most prevalent group in the gingival lesions (72.1%), and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) was the most frequent lesion (21.2%), followed by, pyogenic granuloma (19.3%), peripheral ossifying fibroma (17.8%) and focal fibrous hyperplasia (7.6%); all of which predominantly affected women, with mean ages falling in the fourth decade of life. Squamous cell carcinoma was recognized as the most common malignancy., Conclusion: In this study, PGCG was found to be the most common lesion in the gingiva in Iranian population. Further analysis using a unanimous categorization is required to confirm these results., (© 2024 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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5. Atypical gingival swelling.
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Aldosary S, Ramachandran M, Alfaifi A, and Kulkarni R
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- Humans, Diagnosis, Differential, Gingival Neoplasms diagnosis, Gingival Neoplasms pathology, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Disclosures None of the authors reported any disclosures.
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- 2024
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6. High expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in the formation of fibrous epulis.
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Zeng X, Xia S, Yan X, Hu C, An K, and Luo L
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- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines metabolism, Fibroblasts, Gingiva pathology, Humans, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Porphyromonas gingivalis metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, RNA, Messenger, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, Receptors, Immunologic, Gingival Diseases pathology, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon genetics, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon metabolism
- Abstract
Objectives: Epulis is considered to be a massive reactive lesion rather than a true neoplasia. AhR is thought to be associated with inflammation and development of neoplasms. Here, we aimed to observe the expression of AhR in fibrous epulis and explore its role and possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of epulis., Materials and Methods: Epulis and normal gingival tissues were collected, and AhR expression was detected at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) transfected with AhR short interfering RNA (siRNA) or negative control siRNA, upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS), were then examined. Finally, the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in the epulis tissues were observed by qPCR., Results: AhR expression in fibrous epulis was significantly increased at both the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in hPDLCs transfected with AhR siRNA was significantly decreased when stimulated with Pg-LPS. The same trends were observed for hGFs. The opposite trend was detected in the epulis tissues., Conclusion: AhR may be a key factor in fibrous epulis pathogenesis that acts by regulating the expression of BCL2 family genes and inflammatory factor-related genes., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2022
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7. Gingival Leukoplakia: Hyperkeratosis with Epithelial Atrophy Is A Frequent Histopathologic Finding.
- Author
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Alabdulaaly L, Almazyad A, and Woo SB
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Gingival Diseases pathology, Leukoplakia, Oral pathology
- Abstract
White lesions on the gingiva and palatal mucosa may represent reactive keratoses, including specific diseases such as benign alveolar ridge keratosis, or nonreactive keratoses, such as true leukoplakia, the latter being associated with a high recurrence rate at this site. The aim of this study is to determine the histopathologic features of gingival keratoses. Hyperkeratotic lesions from the gingiva, palatal mucosa, and alveolar ridge mucosa were available for evaluation after excluding specific keratotic lesions such as candidiasis. There were 321 biopsies from 296 patients and approximately half of the cases (159/321, 49.5%) were reactive keratoses. The rest of the 162 biopsies from 149 patients (76 females; 51.0%) represented true leukoaplakias. The most common location was the gingiva (73.2%) followed by the palatal mucosa (17.0%). Hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis not reactive (HkNR) represented 43.8% of cases; 45.7% were dysplasia or carcinoma, and the rest were not readily classifiable as reactive or non-reactive keratoses. Histopathologic features commonly noted in the HkNR lesions include sharp demarcation (72.7%), corrugated surface (53.5%), and epithelial atrophy (48.1%). A lymphocytic band was noted in 8.5% of the cases, mostly associated with epithelial atrophy (5/6 cases). Seven patients with 17 biopsies from noncontiguous sites likely had proliferative leukoplakia; the most common location was the gingiva (88.2%) and the most common diagnosis was HkNR (52.9%). HkNR is a common histopathologic diagnosis for leukoplakias on the gingiva, and these lesions frequently exhibit thick hyperkeratosis, epithelial atrophy and a lymphocytic band at the interface., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
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8. Concomitant endogenous and exogenous etiology for gingival pigmentation.
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Panucci BZM, Ferrisse TM, Bufalino A, and León JE
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- Adult, Female, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Mouth Diseases etiology, Mouth Mucosa pathology, Pigmentation Disorders pathology, Dental Amalgam adverse effects, Estrogen Antagonists adverse effects, Gingival Diseases etiology, Pigmentation Disorders etiology, Tamoxifen adverse effects
- Abstract
Oral pigmented lesions can be physiological or pathological, exogenous or endogenous, as well as focal, multifocal, or diffuse. Among them, the oral melanotic macule (OMM) is a small, well-delimited brown-to-black macule, often affecting the lip and gingiva. Amalgam tattoo (AT) is a grey or black area of discoloration on the oral mucosa as a result of entry of dental amalgam into the soft tissues, commonly gingiva and alveolar ridge. Herein, we present a patient with gingival pigmentation with features of both OMM and AT in the same location.
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- 2021
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9. PCR array analysis identified hyperproliferation but not autophagy or apoptosis in fibrous epulis.
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Jiang Y, Fang B, and Xu B
- Subjects
- Adult, Apoptosis genetics, Autophagy genetics, Autophagy-Related Proteins genetics, Caspases genetics, Cell Proliferation genetics, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Gingiva physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics, bcl-X Protein genetics, Gingival Diseases genetics, Gingival Diseases pathology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods
- Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of fibrous epulis is still quite unclear. Our recent genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis revealed that in fibrous epulis, RAS-PI3K-AKT-NF-κB pathway regulates the expression of Bcl-2 family and IAP family genes, leading to increased proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway can promote autophagy in human gingival fibroblasts; therefore, the purpose of the present study was to identify whether autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrous epulis., Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between fibrous epulis lesions and normal gingival tissues were identified using the PCR array. The expression levels of eighteen autophagy-related (ATG) family genes, twelve B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family genes, and eleven cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease (caspase) family genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Autophagy induction was determined by measuring microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) conversion (LC3-I to LC3-II) by immunoblot analysis., Results: The PCR array identified six upregulated genes, whereas no genes were expressed at significantly lower levels. The upregulated genes were BCL2, BCL2L1, CXCR4, HSP90AA1, HSPA8, and IGF1, which all belong to the "regulation of autophagy" group but not the "autophagy machinery components" group. qRT-PCR verified that the expression levels of BCL2, BCL2L1 (also known as BCL-XL), and BCL2L2 (also known as BCL-W) were significantly increased in fibrous epulis. No LC3-I to LC3-II conversion was observed., Conclusions: The present study reveals that in fibrous epulis, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL coordinately mediate gingival cell escape from apoptosis, leading to uncontrolled proliferation. Moreover, ATG family genes are not activated, and autophagy is not involved in this process., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2021
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10. Intubation with the video laryngoscope Insighters in a patient with giant epulis.
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Fernández Morales D and Domenech E
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- Aged, Female, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Gingival Diseases surgery, Intubation, Intratracheal, Laryngoscopy, Video-Assisted Surgery
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- 2020
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11. EXOME REPORT: Novel mutation in ATP6V1B2 segregating with autosomal dominant epilepsy, intellectual disability and mild gingival and nail abnormalities.
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Shaw M, Winczewska-Wiktor A, Badura-Stronka M, Koirala S, Gardner A, Kuszel Ł, Kowal P, Steinborn B, Starczewska M, Garry S, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, and Gecz J
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- Adolescent, Amino Acid Sequence, Child, Child, Preschool, Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe genetics, Female, Gingival Diseases genetics, Humans, Intellectual Disability genetics, Male, Nail Diseases genetics, Pedigree, Phenotype, Sequence Homology, Sleep Wake Disorders genetics, Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe pathology, Exome genetics, Gingival Diseases pathology, Intellectual Disability pathology, Mutation, Missense, Nail Diseases pathology, Sleep Wake Disorders pathology, Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases genetics
- Abstract
Mutations in ATP6V1B2, which encodes the B2 subunit of the vacuolar H + ATPase have previously been associated with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome 2 (ZLS2) and deafness-onychodystrophy (DDOD) syndrome. Recently epilepsy has also been described as a potentially associated phenotype. Here we further uncover the role of ATP61VB2 in epilepsy and report autosomal dominant inheritance of a novel missense variant in ATP6V1B2 in a large Polish family with relatively mild gingival and nail problems, no phalangeal hypoplasia and with generalized epilepsy. In light of our findings and review of the literature, we propose that the ATP6V1B2 gene should be considered in families with autosomal dominant epilepsy both with or without intellectual disability, and that presence of subtle gingival and nail problems may be another characteristic calling card of affected individuals with ATP6V1B2 mutations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Authors do not have any conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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12. Oral focal mucinosis of the palate: a rare disease entity.
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Cameron A, Webster JEN, Wicks CE, and Colbert SD
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- Adolescent, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases surgery, Humans, Mucinoses pathology, Mucinoses surgery, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Mucinoses diagnosis
- Abstract
Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is an extremely rare, benign oral soft tissue condition; less than 10 documented cases have been reported in the literature in patients under 18 years old. OFM has an unknown aetiology and predominantly presents in the fourth and fifth decades. The pathogenesis of OFM may be due to fibroblast overproduction of hyaluronic acid. Clinically, it remains almost impossible to diagnose definitively, due to its lack of pathognomonic features, therefore such lesions may have multiple differential diagnoses and histological analysis is essential to confirm OFM. We present an unusual presentation of OFM in a 14-year-old female patient. Following excision, focal myxoid degeneration of the connective tissue was apparent. This case highlights this rare condition for consideration in differential diagnosis of clinically similar lesions., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2020
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13. Distinguishing bowenoid papulosis from Bowen disease in the mouth: A case report.
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Ferreira JCB, de Paula HM, Caixeta GN, and Mendonça EF
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- Aged, 80 and over, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Bowen's Disease diagnosis, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases pathology, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Bowenoid papulosis (BPap) is an uncommon skin disorder linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and characterized clinically by the presence of scattered papules or small plaques, multiple and pigmented, that involve the stratified squamous epithelium. Bowen disease (BD) is recognized as the main differential diagnosis of BPap. An 80-year old white woman was referred for the evaluation of multiple, brown verrucous papules measuring 3 to 4 mm in diameter on the right maxillary gingiva. Histopathological analysis revealed disturbed epithelial maturation with papillary stratified squamous epithelium, koilocytic dysplasia, parakeratosis, acanthosis, basal double-layer, loss of cellular polarity, nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism, scattered mitosoid bodies, and a high degree of cytologic atypia. An immunohistochemical investigation for p53 and Ki67 showed staining of the basal and suprabasal layer, while p16 was strongly expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells and Bcl-2 was positive only in mitosoid bodies and the lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. In situ DNA hybridization was negative for HPV. Oral BPap is an uncommon lesion in which the diagnostic process includes clinical, histopathological, and molecular correlations due to the similarity to aggressive behavior lesions such as BD., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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14. The RAS-PI3K-AKT-NF-κB pathway transcriptionally regulates the expression of BCL2 family and IAP family genes and inhibits apoptosis in fibrous epulis.
- Author
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Jiang Y, Fang B, Xu B, and Chen L
- Subjects
- Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Ontology, Gingiva pathology, Humans, Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins metabolism, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Multigene Family, NF-kappa B metabolism, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Reproducibility of Results, ras Proteins metabolism, Apoptosis genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Gingival Diseases genetics, Gingival Diseases pathology, Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics, Signal Transduction genetics, Transcription, Genetic
- Abstract
Background: Epulis has a tumor-like appearance but is considered to be a massive reactive lesion rather than a true neoplasia. Limited information about the pathogenesis of epulis is available. The purpose of our study was to identify potential signaling pathways in fibrous epulis through transcriptome profiling., Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between fibrous epulis lesions and normal gingival tissues were detected using RNA sequencing (RNAseq). The expression levels of eighteen genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)., Results: RNAseq identified 533 upregulated genes and 732 downregulated genes. The top 10 upregulated genes were IL11, OSM, MMP3, KRT75, MMP1, IL6, IL1B, IL24, SP7, and ADGRG3. The top 10 downregulated genes were BCHE, TYR, DCT, KRT222, RP11-507K12.1, COL6A5, PMP2, GFRA1, SCN7A, and CDH19. KEGG pathway analysis further indicated that the DEGs were enriched in "Pathways in cancer" and the "Ras signaling pathway". quantitative real-time PCR verified that the expression levels of SOS1, HRAS, PIK3CA, AKT3, IKBKA, IKBKB, NFKB1, BCL2, BCL2L1, XIAP, BIRC2, and BIRC3 were increased significantly., Conclusions: The current transcriptomic profiling study reveals that in fibrous epulis, RAS-PI3K-AKT-NF-κB pathway transcriptionally regulates the expression of BCL2 family and IAP family genes, leading to increased proliferation and apoptosis inhibition., (© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2020
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15. Oral focal mucinosis of the mandible in an adolescent patient.
- Author
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Cho JJ, Shupak RP, and Michaels C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Biopsy, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases surgery, Humans, Mucinoses pathology, Mucinoses surgery, Oral Surgical Procedures, Treatment Outcome, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Mucinoses diagnosis
- Abstract
Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is the rare oral manifestation of cutaneous focal mucinosis. It is a diagnosis made histopathologically, as OFM remains clinically similar to other more common oral lesions, and radiographs do not provide any diagnostic information. This case is a report of a teenage female with left mandibular involvement of an elevated, rounded, asymptomatic, mucosa-coloured lesion in the facial and lingual gingiva between her left first and second mandibular molars. The cause was unclear, although the patient stated that she may have sustained a laceration in that area several months prior. An incisional biopsy revealed histopathological findings consistent with OFM, and complete surgical excision of the lesion was performed under a general anaesthetic, with no signs of recurrence for 2 months. The histological, clinical and accepted treatment methods on OFM will be discussed. Clinicians, including those serving paediatric populations, should consider OFM in their differential diagnoses when evaluating gingival lesions., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2019
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16. Painful ulceration of the vulva.
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Gómez Moyano E, Ayala Blanca M, and Martínez Pilar L
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- Adult, Azathioprine therapeutic use, Female, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases drug therapy, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Humans, Immunologic Factors therapeutic use, Pemphigus diagnosis, Pemphigus drug therapy, Prednisone therapeutic use, Rituximab therapeutic use, Vulvar Diseases diagnosis, Vulvar Diseases drug therapy, Gingival Diseases pathology, Pemphigus pathology, Vulvar Diseases pathology
- Published
- 2019
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17. Aggressive type of central giant cell granuloma in a woman on hormone replacement therapy: a histopathological insight.
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Gautam S, Grewal M, Saini N, and Arora KS
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- Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Gingival Diseases diagnostic imaging, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases surgery, Granuloma, Giant Cell diagnostic imaging, Granuloma, Giant Cell pathology, Granuloma, Giant Cell surgery, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Humans, Menopause, Middle Aged, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Granuloma, Giant Cell diagnosis
- Abstract
Quite a few lesions of the oral cavity specifically of the gingiva have a greater inclination towards women and mostly occur during the first four decades of life, the cause of which may be credited to the changing levels of sex hormones. Out of all such lesions, one lesion whose aetiology is still unclear and which originats from the periosteum or periodontal ligament is central giant cell granuloma. Repeatedly, it is has been described as a reactive lesion, the cause of which may be secondary to local irritants or trauma, specifically plaque or calculus, which is not considered to be a true neoplasm. Here we present a case of a 51-year-old female patient with aggressive gingival growth within 10-13 months of hormonal replacement therapy. The aetiology, histological features and appropriate treatment are discussed in the light of current literature., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2019
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18. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the oral cavity: A case report and literature review.
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Shetty SJ, Pereira T, and Desai RS
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- Adult, Biomarkers, Biopsy, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Mouth pathology, Mouth Neoplasms surgery, Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue surgery, Mouth Neoplasms diagnosis, Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue diagnosis
- Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The lesion has been recognized to occur at various sites but rarely affects the head and neck region. A 29-year-old male presented with a 13 months' history of a slow growing, painless growth in maxillary left posterior gingiva. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Microscopic examination revealed a compact cellular spindle cell proliferation with collagenous stroma having storiform architecture. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for smooth muscle actin, CD-68 and negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Oral IMT should be included in the differential diagnosis of localized gingival enlargement mimicking oral hyperplastic/reactive lesions., Competing Interests: None
- Published
- 2019
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19. Establishment and genomic characterization of gingivobuccal carcinoma cell lines with smokeless tobacco associated genetic alterations and oncogenic PIK3CA mutation.
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Pansare K, Gardi N, Kamat S, Dange P, Previn R, Gera P, Kowtal P, Amin K, and Sarin R
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- Animals, Carcinogenesis drug effects, Carcinogenesis genetics, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell chemically induced, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Cell Line, Tumor drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor pathology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Genomics, Gingival Diseases chemically induced, Gingival Diseases pathology, Heterografts, Humans, Mice, Mouth Mucosa drug effects, Mouth Mucosa pathology, Mouth Neoplasms chemically induced, Mouth Neoplasms pathology, Mutation genetics, Tobacco, Smokeless adverse effects, Exome Sequencing, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases genetics, Gingival Diseases genetics, Mouth Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Smokeless tobacco associated Gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma (GB-SCC) is a major public health problem but available oral cancer cell lines are mostly from smoking associated tongue SCC raising the need for pertinent GB-SCC cell line models. As part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Project, 4 novel cell lines, namely, Indian Tata Memorial Centre Oral Cancer (ITOC) -01 to -04 were established and characterized with conventional methods, karyotyping, ultrastructure, in vivo tumourigenicity, Whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing. These hyperploid cell lines form xenografts in mice and show metabolically active and necrotic areas on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. WES of ITOC cell lines recapitulate the genomic tumor profile of ICGC GB-SCC database. We further identified smokeless tobacco associated genetic alterations (PCLO, FAT3 and SYNE2) and oncogenic PIK3CA mutation in GB-SCC cell lines. Transcriptome profiling identified deregulation of pathways commonly altered in cancer and down-regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, implying its possible role in GB-SCC. Clinical application of high throughput sequencing data depends on relevant cell line models to validate potential targets. Extensively characterized, these oral SCC cell lines are particularly suited for mechanistic studies and pre-clinical drug development for smokeless tobacco associated oral cancer.
- Published
- 2019
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20. What is your diagnosis? Gingival mass in a cat.
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Kwon SJ, Hong YJ, and Choi US
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- Animals, Biopsy, Fine-Needle veterinary, Cat Diseases pathology, Cats, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases pathology, Male, Odontogenic Cysts diagnosis, Odontogenic Cysts pathology, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases veterinary, Odontogenic Cysts veterinary
- Published
- 2019
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21. Diagnosis and treatment of oral focal mucinosis: a case series.
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Higuchi Y, Tsushima F, Sumikura K, Sato Y, Harada H, Kayamori K, and Ikeda T
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- Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mucinoses therapy, Myxoma therapy, Orthognathic Surgical Procedures, Radiography, Treatment Outcome, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Mouth Neoplasms diagnosis, Mucinoses pathology, Myxoma pathology
- Abstract
Background: Oral focal mucinosis, the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis, is a rare disease. As it has no characteristic clinical or radiological features, diagnosis is established by histopathological and immunohistological examination. We present three cases of oral focal mucinosis occurring in the retromolar (which is extremely rare) and gingival regions., Case Presentation: Case 1 involved a 26-year-old Japanese man with radiolucency in the right retromolar region on panoramic radiograph and computed tomography; no obvious protrusion was observed in the region. This finding was clinically diagnosed as a tumor of the retromolar region. Case 2 involved a 60-year-old Japanese woman. A tumor-like mass of tissue was identified on the buccal gingiva at the maxillary right canine and first premolar region. The lesion measured 7 × 6 mm and exhibited elastic hardness and healthy-colored mucosa. The lesion was diagnosed as an epulis. Case 3 involved a 47-year-old Japanese woman. A tumor-like mass of tissue was identified on the buccal gingiva at the maxillary right canine and first premolar region. The lesion measured 10 × 10 mm and exhibited elastic hardness and redness of the surface mucosa. This lesion was also diagnosed as an epulis. Resection was performed in all three cases, and the lesions were histopathologically diagnosed as oral focal mucinosis. Postoperative courses were uneventful and, thus far, there have been no recurrences., Conclusions: Although it is difficult to diagnose oral focal mucinosis based on clinical symptoms and imaging findings, the disease should be considered a possibility when diagnosing benign oral tumors. We believe that an emphasis on histopathologic study is essential to confirm the clinical suspicion.
- Published
- 2019
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22. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: potentially lethal gingival lesions presenting to the dentist.
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Patrick A and Altman K
- Subjects
- Aftercare, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic metabolism, Biopsy, Diagnosis, Differential, Eosinophils pathology, Female, Giant Cells, Foreign-Body pathology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis blood, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis drug therapy, Hemorrhage diagnosis, Hemorrhage etiology, Humans, Middle Aged, Oral Ulcer diagnosis, Oral Ulcer drug therapy, Prednisolone administration & dosage, Prednisolone therapeutic use, Rare Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination administration & dosage, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination therapeutic use, Dentists education, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis pathology, Oral Ulcer etiology
- Abstract
Gingival pathology is a daily presentation, however a small number of systemic conditions can manifest similar to a common gingival condition and have fatal results. Dentist referred 56-year-old woman to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department with a 2-week medical history of gingival bleeding not responding to local measures. Biopsy showed eosinophilic infiltrate and vasculitis, and blood tests showed positive markers including cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare disease affecting the respiratory tract, blood vessels and kidneys. Oral lesions are rarely the primary presenting feature. When left untreated, most cases are fatal within a year of diagnosis. The diagnosis can only be made when certain criteria are found, including granular oral lesions exhibiting an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate on biopsy. With 5% of cases showing intraoral lesions as the primary feature, it is essential that dentists have the knowledge of this rare disease to refer and not to treat as a common gingival condition., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2019
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23. Prevalence of p53 dysregulations in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma and non-neoplastic oral mucosa.
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Renzi A, De Bonis P, Morandi L, Lenzi J, Tinto D, Rigillo A, Bettini G, Bellei E, and Sabattini S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Eosinophilia genetics, Eosinophilia metabolism, Eosinophilia pathology, Eosinophilia veterinary, Gingival Diseases genetics, Gingival Diseases metabolism, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases veterinary, Humans, Mutation, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Stomatitis genetics, Stomatitis metabolism, Stomatitis pathology, Stomatitis veterinary, Tongue Diseases genetics, Tongue Diseases metabolism, Tongue Diseases pathology, Tongue Diseases veterinary, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell metabolism, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Cat Diseases genetics, Cat Diseases metabolism, Cat Diseases pathology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Mouth Mucosa metabolism, Mouth Mucosa pathology, Mouth Neoplasms genetics, Mouth Neoplasms metabolism, Mouth Neoplasms pathology, Mouth Neoplasms veterinary, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 biosynthesis, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics
- Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant oral tumor in cats. The late presentation is one of the factors contributing to the detrimental prognosis of this disease. The immunohistochemical expression of the p53 tumor suppressor protein has been reported in 24% to 65% of feline oral squamous cell carcinomas, but no study has systematically evaluated in this tumor the presence of p53 encoding gene (TP53) mutations. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether p53 immunohistochemistry accurately reflects the mutational status of the TP53 gene in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, the prevalence of p53 dysregulation in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma was compared with that of feline non-neoplastic oral mucosa, in order to investigate the relevance of these dysregulations in cancer development. The association between p53 dysregulations and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and tumor characteristics was further assessed. Twenty-six incisional biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinomas and 10 cases each of lingual eosinophilic granuloma, chronic gingivostomatitis and normal oral mucosa were included in the study. Eighteen squamous cell carcinomas (69%) expressed p53 and 18 had mutations in exons 5-8 of TP53. The agreement between immunohistochemistry and mutation analysis was 77%. None of non-neoplastic oral mucosa samples had a positive immunohistochemical staining, while one case each of eosinophilic granuloma and chronic gingivostomatitis harbored TP53 mutations. Unlike previously hypothesized, p53 dysregulations were not associated with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. These results suggest an important role of p53 in feline oral tumorigenesis. Additionally, the immunohistochemical detection of p53 expression appears to reflect the presence of TP53 mutations in the majority of cases. It remains to be determined if the screening for p53 dysregulations, alone or in association with other markers, can eventually contribute to the early detection of this devastating disease., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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24. Lumps and Bumps of the Gingiva: A Pathological Miscellany.
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Brierley DJ, Crane H, and Hunter KD
- Subjects
- Humans, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Lesions of the gingivae are amongst the commonest lesions seen in patients and the vast majority are reactive hyperplasias, related to a number of chronic irritant stimuli. However, there are a number of entities that have a predilection for the gingivae, which are much less common in other parts of the oral cavity. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the clinical and histological differential diagnoses when presented with a lump on the gingivae, including the approach to diagnosis and diagnostic pitfalls.
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- 2019
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25. Large pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma: a case report.
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Bi J, Sun Y, Bi L, and Larjava HS
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Gingival Diseases etiology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases surgery, Granuloma, Pyogenic etiology, Granuloma, Pyogenic pathology, Granuloma, Pyogenic surgery, Humans, Oral Hygiene adverse effects, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications etiology, Pregnancy Complications pathology, Pregnancy Complications surgery, Progesterone adverse effects, Progestins adverse effects, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Granuloma, Pyogenic diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications diagnosis
- Published
- 2019
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26. Rare case report of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis in childhood and its management.
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Rahul M, Gauba K, Gorwade N, and Kumar A
- Subjects
- Aftercare, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Fibromatosis, Gingival surgery, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases surgery, Gingival Hyperplasia pathology, Gingival Hyperplasia surgery, Humans, Male, Mastication physiology, Speech Disorders diagnosis, Treatment Outcome, Fibromatosis, Gingival pathology, Gingivectomy methods, Speech Disorders etiology
- Abstract
Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis (GF), also known as gingivomatosis, is a rare condition in childhood, with an unknown aetiology. The oral manifestations of the condition are varied and depend on the severity and age of involvement. This paper describe the case of a 5-year-old male child with extensive gingival enlargement covering almost all the maxillary and mandibular teeth resulted in difficulty with speech, mastication and poor aesthetics. Clinical and radiographic examination along with haematological investigations ruled out any systemic association. The case was managed with conventional scalpel blade surgery along with electrocautery under general anaesthesia yielding good results without any recurrence after a 12-month follow-up. The results revealed that the oral manifestations of GF depend on its severity and the age of onset. Timely intervention can help to prevent associated complications in a growing child., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2019
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27. Gingival cyst of the adult, lateral periodontal cyst, and botryoid odontogenic cyst: An updated systematic review.
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Chrcanovic BR and Gomez RS
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Mandible, Recurrence, Gingival Diseases pathology, Odontogenic Cysts pathology, Periodontal Cyst pathology
- Abstract
The aim of the present review was to integrate the available data published on gingival cyst of the adult (GCA), lateral periodontal cyst (LPC), and botryoid odontogenic cyst (BOC) into a comprehensive analysis of their clinical/radiological features. An electronic search was undertaken in July/2017. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinical/radiological/histological information to confirm the diagnosis. A total of 146 publications (157 GCAs, 213 LPCs, 96 BOCs) were included. GCA and LPC presented highest prevalence in the sixth/fifth decades; BOC in the sixth/seventh decades. LPCs were larger lesions than GCAs and GCAs appeared at an older age than LPC. There was no statistically significant difference between them for other factors (location, symptoms, recurrence, follow-up time). In comparison with LPC, BOC lesions were larger, appeared more often in mandible and in older subjects, had more often a multilocular appearance, and presented a higher recurrence rate. Recurrence rates: GCA (3.2%), LPC (2.4%), BOC (21.7%). No factor seems to influence the recurrence rate of GCA or LPC. Multilocular radiological appearance seems to affect the recurrence rate of BOCs. Conservative surgical approaches seem to be enough for GCA/LPC. BOC presents a more aggressive behavior than GCA/LPC. Therefore, treatment of this lesion might involve some kind of adjunctive therapy after enucleation., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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28. Gingival choristoma masquerading as fibroma.
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Laxmidevi BL, Marimallappa TR, and Mahadesh J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Choristoma pathology, Diagnosis, Differential, Fibroma diagnosis, Gingival Diseases pathology, Histological Techniques, Humans, Male, Radiography, Choristoma diagnosis, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Competing Interests: None
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- 2019
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29. Clinical Characteristics of Abutment Teeth with Gingival Discoloration.
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Ristic L, Dakovic D, Postic S, Lazic Z, Bacevic M, and Vucevic D
- Subjects
- Adult, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Restoration, Permanent methods, Female, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Male, Periodontal Attachment Loss pathology, Periodontal Index, Post and Core Technique adverse effects, Dental Restoration, Permanent adverse effects, Gingival Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Purpose: The grey-bluish discoloration of gingiva (known as "amalgam tattoo") does not appear only in the presence of amalgam restorations. It may also be seen in cases of teeth restored with cast dowels and porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restorations. The aim of this article was to determine the clinical characteristics of abutment teeth with gingival discoloration., Materials and Methods: This research was conducted on 25 patients referred for cast dowel and PFM restorations. These restorations were manufactured from Ni-Cr alloys. Ninety days after cementing the fixed prosthodontic restorations, the abutment teeth (n = 61) were divided into a group with gingival discoloration (GD) (n = 25) and without gingival discoloration (NGD) (n = 36). The control group (CG) comprised the contralateral teeth (n = 61). Plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and probing depth were assessed before fabrication and also 90 days after cementation of the PFM restorations., Results: The gingival index, clinical attachment level, and probing depths of the abutment teeth that had GD were statistically higher before restoration, in comparison with the abutment teeth in the NGD and control groups. Ninety days after cementation, the abutment teeth with GD had significantly lower gingival indexes and probing depths, compared to the abutment teeth in the NGD group. Both abutment teeth groups (GD and NGD) had significantly higher values of clinical attachment levels when compared to the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in plaque index values between the study groups., Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that impairment of periodontal status of abutment teeth seemed to be related to the presence of gingival discolorations. Therefore, fabrication of fixed prosthodontic restorations requires careful planning and abutment teeth preparation to minimize the occurrence of gingival discolorations., Clinical Relevance: With careful preparation of abutment teeth for cast dowels and crown restorations it may be possible to decrease the frequency of gingival discolorations adjacent to abutment teeth., (© 2017 by the American College of Prosthodontists.)
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- 2019
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30. Nonhepatosplenic extramedullary manifestations of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: clinical, molecular and prognostic correlates.
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Hoversten K, Vallapureddy R, Lasho T, Finke C, Ketterling R, Hanson C, Gangat N, Tefferi A, and Patnaik MM
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Bone Marrow pathology, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Diseases epidemiology, Gingival Diseases pathology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic genetics, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic mortality, Lymphadenopathy epidemiology, Lymphadenopathy pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Sarcoma, Myeloid epidemiology, Sarcoma, Myeloid pathology, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Survival Analysis, Testicular Neoplasms epidemiology, Testicular Neoplasms pathology, Young Adult, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic pathology
- Published
- 2018
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31. Gingival clefts revisited: Evaluation of the characteristics that make one more susceptible to gingival clefts.
- Author
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Stappert D, Geiman R, Zadi ZH, and Reynolds MA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Bicuspid, Child, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases etiology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Orthodontic Space Closure adverse effects, Postoperative Complications pathology, Tooth Extraction
- Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontic space closure after premolar extraction commonly results in the formation of a gingival cleft, which may contribute to orthodontic relapse and poor periodontal health. The purpose of this study was to examine clinical parameters that may predispose patients to gingival clefts., Methods: Twenty-nine patients planned for treatment with premolar extractions (n = 87) and orthodontic space closure were evaluated in this prospective study. The clinical measures included width of keratinized buccal gingiva, thickness of buccal gingiva, thickness of buccal bone, time of space closure, and the occurrence (presence or absence) and severity (volume) of cleft formation. The association of the clinical measures with gingival cleft formation and severity was assessed separately for patients according to age group: young adolescent (≤13 years of age), adolescent (14-18 years of age), and adult (≥19 years of age)., Results: The overall incidence of gingival cleft formation was 73.2%, with a trend toward greater cleft formation in the young adolescents (79.4%) than in the adolescent and adult groups (69.2% and 68.2%, respectively). The mean severity of clefts exhibited a significant positive association with age group-young adolescent (26.6 mm
2 ), adolescent (27.9 mm2 ), and adult (41.5 mm2 ). Buccal bone thickness was significantly correlated with gingival phenotype in the adolescent and adult groups (r = 0.42 and r = 0.52, respectively; both, P <0.05). Rate of space closure was significantly correlated with cleft formation (r = 0.71; P <0.001) in the adult group., Conclusions: The formation of gingival clefts is common after premolar extraction and space closure. Adults with a thinner gingival phenotype were more likely to develop gingival clefts of greater severity. The rate of space closure was significantly and inversely correlated with cleft formation in adults, reflecting a greater likelihood of cleft formation with slower space closure. Although various clinical parameters show a correlation to both severity and incidence of clefts, all patients undergoing postextraction space closure appear to be at risk and should be monitored., (Copyright © 2018 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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32. [Autoimmune bullous diseases with gingival expression: A proposed non-iatrogenic gingival biopsy technique].
- Author
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Dridi SM, Bellakhdar F, Ortonne N, Bayet K, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, and Gaultier F
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Autoimmune Diseases diagnosis, Biopsy adverse effects, Cicatrix etiology, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Hemorrhage etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain etiology, Retrospective Studies, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous diagnosis, Autoimmune Diseases pathology, Biopsy methods, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous pathology
- Abstract
Background: Gingival expression of autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD) may be inaugural, exclusive or dominant (mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris). Histology and direct immunofluorescence are essential to diagnosis. The location of the biopsy and the surgical technique determine the histological quality of the tissue sample. However, gingival tissue is often considered fragile and easily impaired during biopsy. We suggest an original biopsy protocol for the gingival papillae that is simple to perform, non-iatrogenic, and readily accessible to all practitioners who usually treat AIBD patients presenting isolated gingival expression (dermatologists, stomatologists, odontology specialists, ENT specialists)., Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from 2012 to 2017 identifying all patients presenting AIBD with gingival expression for whom we performed papillary gingival biopsy for diagnostic ends. Our main objective was to determine the diagnostic efficacy and safety of this surgical technique., Results: Over the study period, 34 papillary gingival biopsies were taken from 19 patients : 15 for histopathological examination and 19 for direct immunofluorescence. Of the 34 biopsies, only one could not be properly analyzed due to lack of epithelium and a second tissue sample was therefore necessary. No short- or long-term complications occurred during post-operative follow-up., Conclusion: Gingival papilla biopsy is perfectly suited to the histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations needed for diagnosis of AIBD with isolated gingival expression. This surgical technique shows great efficacy and very good safety. However, additional studies are necessary to confirm our preliminary results, in particular the absence of iatrogenic effects., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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33. Peripheral giant cell granuloma manifestation in pregnancy.
- Author
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Patil CL, Gaikwad RP, Banodkar AB, Attar NB, and Sethna GD
- Subjects
- Adult, Dental Plaque prevention & control, Dental Scaling, Female, Gingival Diseases surgery, Granuloma, Giant Cell etiology, Granuloma, Giant Cell surgery, Humans, Oral Surgical Procedures methods, Pregnancy, Root Planing, Treatment Outcome, Gingival Diseases etiology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Granuloma, Giant Cell pathology, Pregnancy Complications
- Abstract
The peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a benign oral lesion occurring on the gingiva and alveolar ridge. It is the most common oral lesion and occurs at an average age of 30 years. The upsurge in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in pregnancy leads to a plethora of changes in various parts of human body, including the oral cavity. In the oral cavity, changes are commonly seen on the gingiva. These include pyogenic granuloma, PGCG and also peripheral ossifying fibroma, etc., The etiology of PGCG in our case might be related to hormonal alterations during the gestation period., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest
- Published
- 2018
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34. Non-invasive treatment of pyogenic granuloma by using Nd:YAG laser.
- Author
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Yadav RK, Verma UP, and Tiwari R
- Subjects
- Female, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases pathology, Granuloma, Pyogenic diagnosis, Granuloma, Pyogenic pathology, Humans, Young Adult, Gingival Diseases surgery, Granuloma, Pyogenic surgery, Lasers, Solid-State therapeutic use
- Abstract
Pyogenic granuloma is a 'reactive lesion' in the oral cavity caused due to hormonal imbalance or poor oral hygiene. There are different methods to excise this lesion but most successful is treatment with lasers. Currently, there are different lasers available commercially and are used by clinicians to excise this lesion. In this case report, a 20-year-old female patient reported to the department with a complaint of overgrowth of gingiva on lower canine. It was excised by using neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser and the patient was asked for regular follow-up after 1 week and 6 months. The excised lesion was sent to pathology where the lesion was confirmed to be pyogenic granuloma. The patient reported no pain, no blood loss during or postsurgery. Laser is a useful technique for excisional surgeries; it is safe, effective and reduces time of treatment as well as time of healing., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2018. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2018
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35. Distribution of biopsied non plaque-induced gingival lesions in a Chilean population according to the classification of periodontal diseases.
- Author
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Hernández-Ríos P, Espinoza I, Salinas M, Rodríguez-Castro F, Baeza M, and Hernández M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell diagnosis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell epidemiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell etiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Child, Child, Preschool, Chile epidemiology, Female, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases etiology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Hyperplasia diagnosis, Gingival Hyperplasia epidemiology, Gingival Hyperplasia etiology, Gingival Hyperplasia pathology, Gingival Neoplasms diagnosis, Gingival Neoplasms epidemiology, Gingival Neoplasms etiology, Gingival Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Diseases classification, Periodontal Diseases epidemiology, Periodontal Diseases etiology, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Gingival Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Many gingival lesions are not induced by plaque. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of biopsied non-plaque-induced gingival lesions (NPIGL) in a Chilean population., Methods: One thousand twelve cases of biopsied gingival lesions with confirmed anatomopathologic diagnosis were included, from the records of the Oral Pathology Referral Institute (OPRI), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, between years 1990 and 2009., Results: The most frequent non plaque-induced gingival lesions categories from biopsied cases included hyperplastic lesions, malignancies and benign neoplasms. The most frequent diagnoses in each category were fibrous hyperplasia (35.47%), squamous cell carcinoma (3.85%) and giant cell fibroma (2.08%), respectively. From all lesions, only 8.3% fitted in the specified categories of the current classification of periodontal diseases., Conclusions: The most frequent biopsied NPIGL were hyperplastic lesions and neoplasms. These categories represent relevant lesions to be included in a future periodontal classification system to improve the care needs of the patients, as well as early diagnosis and treatment.
- Published
- 2018
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36. Localized gingival enlargements. A clinicopathological study of 1187 cases.
- Author
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Tamiolakis P, Chatzopoulou E, Frakouli F, Tosios KI, and Sklavounou-Andrikopoulou A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Gingival Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Background: To describe the incidence, demographic and clinical features of 1187 localized gingival enlargements., Material and Methods: 1187 cases of localized gingival enlargements diagnosed during a 20-year period were retrospectively collected. The patients' gender and age, as well as the main clinical features of the tumors were retrieved from the biopsy report forms., Results: The 1187 localized gingival enlargements represented 6.23% of 19.044 biopsies performed during the study period. 756 females and 427 males were affected with a mean age of 41.92±19.68 years. The lesions appeared as smooth (52.4%), granular (17.9%) or rough (13.16%) tumors, elastic (50.73%) or soft (29.56%) in consistency and red (60.8%), normal (28.58%) or white (8.17%) in color. The majority of the lesions (85.17%) were reactive in origin with pyogenic granuloma being the most common. In 1.1% of the cases a diagnosis of malignant lesion was rendered., Conclusions: All localized gingival enlargements should be submitted for microscopic examination because in approximately 1% of cases they are malignant.
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- 2018
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37. Incisor malalignment and the risk of periodontal disease progression.
- Author
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Alsulaiman AA, Kaye E, Jones J, Cabral H, Leone C, Will L, and Garcia R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Alveolar Bone Loss etiology, Alveolar Bone Loss pathology, Boston, Child, Dental Arch pathology, Dental Plaque Index, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Incisor anatomy & histology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Malocclusion classification, Malocclusion pathology, Mandibular Diseases etiology, Mandibular Diseases pathology, Maxillary Diseases etiology, Maxillary Diseases pathology, Periodontal Diseases pathology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket pathology, Risk Factors, Statistics, Nonparametric, United States, Veterans, Young Adult, Disease Progression, Incisor pathology, Malocclusion complications, Periodontal Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between incisor crowding, irregularity, and periodontal disease progression in the anterior teeth., Methods: Data collected over 35 years from men enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study included information concerning pocket depth and alveolar bone loss. Plaster casts of the maxillary (n = 400) and mandibular (n = 408) arches were available for baseline measurements. Periodontal disease in the anterior teeth was defined as per arch sum of pathologic pocket depth and sum of teeth with any alveolar bone loss in the anterior sextants. Incisor malalignment status was defined by the anterior tooth size-arch length discrepancy index and Little's Irregularity Index. Adjusted mixed effects linear models computed the beta (β) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the amounts of change in periodontal disease outcomes by the level of malalignment., Results: In the anterior maxillary arch, crowding and spacing were significantly associated with an increased per-arch sum of pathologic pocket depth (β, 0.70 mm; 95% CI, 0.20-1.21, and β, 0.49 mm; 95% CI, 0.06-0.91, respectively). In the anterior mandibular arch, incisor crowding and irregularity were significantly associated with an increased per-arch sum of pathologic pocket depth (mild crowding: β, 0.47 mm; 95% CI, 0.01-0.93; severe irregularity: β, 0.94 mm; 95% CI, 0.50-1.38), and the sum number of teeth with alveolar bone loss (mild and moderate-to-severe crowding: β, 0.45 teeth; 95% CI, 0.08-0.82; and β, 0.45 teeth; 95% CI, 0.13-0.83, respectively; moderate irregularity: β, 0.34 teeth; 95% CI, 0.06-0.62)., Conclusions: Certain incisor malalignment traits (ie, maxillary incisor crowding, maxillary incisor spacing, mandibular incisor mild crowding, mandibular incisor moderate-to-severe crowding, mandibular incisor moderate irregularity, and mandibular incisor severe irregularity) are associated with significant periodontal disease progression., (Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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38. The Spectrum of Oral Lesions Presenting Clinically With Papillary-Verrucous Features.
- Author
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Whitefield S, Raiser V, Shuster A, Kleinman S, Shlomi B, and Kaplan I
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Mouth pathology, Mouth Diseases pathology, Mouth Neoplasms diagnosis, Mouth Neoplasms pathology, Palate pathology, Papillomavirus Infections diagnosis, Papillomavirus Infections pathology, Retrospective Studies, Tongue Diseases diagnosis, Tongue Diseases pathology, Young Adult, Mouth Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Purpose: We sought to study the spectrum of oral pathologies presenting clinically with papillary-verrucous features., Materials and Methods: A 10-year (2007 to 2016) retrospective study of oral papillary lesions was undertaken. All biopsy reports that included a clinical description of papillary or verrucous architecture were retrieved. The data collected included clinical features, size, color, location, histopathologic diagnosis, age, and gender., Results: The study included 137 patients, with a total of 150 lesions. The ages ranged from 10 weeks to 84 years (mean, 49 years). Histopathologically, 60% of cases were human papillomavirus (HPV) related, 19% showed hyperplasia, 11% had hyperplastic candidiasis, 7% were dysplastic or malignant, and 3% were benign of unknown etiology. Among the 7% of lesions diagnosed with dysplasia or malignancy, only 60% were suspected to have malignancy at the time of biopsy. HPV-related lesions and hyperplasia were most frequently found on the tongue (38% and 41%, respectively) and soft palate (21% and 14%, respectively). Hyperplastic candidiasis was most frequently found on the buccal mucosa and tongue (35% and 24%, respectively). Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 1.3% of total lesions and verrucous carcinoma in 1.3%. Of the verrucous or papillary malignant lesions, 50% were found on the gingiva. Most malignant lesions occurred in the 40- to 60-year age group., Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that, because of the wide spectrum of entities presenting clinically with a papillary-verrucous architecture, biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. The clinical presentation allowed for overall accurate diagnosis in only 47% of cases and 60% accuracy in dysplastic or malignant cases. It is of considerable importance to correctly identify those lesions that are HPV related but at the same time to rule out those lesions that are unrelated to HPV to help alleviate a patient's anxiety. Most important, biopsy is mandatory for the recognition of malignant lesions with a papillary-verrucous architecture, which may mimic other benign entities in the group of papillary-verrucous lesions., (Copyright © 2017 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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39. Treatment of gingival defects with gingival mesenchymal stem cells derived from human fetal gingival tissue in a rat model.
- Author
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Li J, Xu SQ, Zhang K, Zhang WJ, Liu HL, Xu Z, Li H, Lou JN, Ge LH, and Xu BH
- Subjects
- Animals, Heterografts, Humans, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Antigens, Differentiation biosynthesis, Fetus, Gingiva injuries, Gingiva metabolism, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases metabolism, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases therapy, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cells pathology
- Abstract
Background: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) from human fetal gingival tissue used for treating gingival defects in a rat model., Methods: GMSCs were isolated from human fetal gingival tissue and identified by flow cytometry for nestin, Oct4, vimentin, NANOG, CD105, and CD90. The immunogenicity of GMSCs was analyzed by mixed lymphocyte reactions; the tumorigenicity of GMSCs was evaluated by xenotransplanting into nude mice. The gingival defect animal model was established by mechanical resection in rats. GMSCs were transplanted into the defective area, and the regeneration of gingival tissue was observed twice weekly. Four weeks after transplantation, the gingival tissue was surgically cut down, and the graft was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining for human mitochondrial antigens and rat CD3 and CD20., Results: GMSCs from human fetal gingival tissue positively expressed nestin, Oct4, vimentin, NANOG, CD105, and CD90. There was no cell aggregation after mixed lymphocyte reactions, and interleukin-2 did not increase. Inoculation of GMSCs into nude mice for 6 months showed no tumor formation. GMSCs were transplanted into the gingiva defects of rats. One week after transplantation, the defect area was reduced, and after 3 weeks the morphology and color of local gingival tissue was similar to normal gingival tissue, and gingival height was the same as the normal control group., Conclusions: Using GMSCs from human fetal gingival tissue to treat gingival defects is a safe and effective innovative treatment method.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Pigmentation on Gingiva: A Diagnostic Dilemma.
- Author
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Attar NB, Gupta B, Deshmukh A, Shahabe S, Zope S, and Waykole Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Gingiva pathology, Pigmentation
- Abstract
Pigmentation on gingiva can be physiologic or pathologic. Gingival pigmentation is present from birth in certain individuals. However, sudden occurrence of pigmentation suggests some systemic association. In the present case, a patient was referred by a physician for biopsy of the tissue along with gingival depigmentation. The depigmentation procedure was performed in both arches, and the biopsy specimen was sent for histopathologic examination. This case highlights the importance of biopsy of gingival pigmentation with a history of sudden occurrence. A biopsy is warranted to distinguish pathologic pigmentation from physiologic.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Treatment of Physiologic Gingival Pigmentation with Surgical Blade: A 25-Year Follow-up.
- Author
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Wise RJ, Chen CY, and Kim DM
- Subjects
- Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingiva pathology, Gingiva surgery, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingivectomy methods, Humans, Hyperpigmentation pathology, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Gingival Diseases surgery, Hyperpigmentation surgery
- Abstract
Gingival hyperpigmentation in the anterior region in people with a high smile line is an esthetic concern. Gingival depigmentation can be achieved through various procedures. Most techniques have shown successful short-term results; however, recurrence is observed in 50% of patients after 2 to 4 years. A 46-year-old woman presenting with a large black zone of gingival hyperpigmentation in the anterior maxilla was treated with scalpel blade excision. At 25 years after the depigmentation procedure, the patient displayed no recurrence.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Verruciform Xanthoma with Equivocal Exfoliative Cytological Diagnosis.
- Author
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Onda T, Hayashi K, Shiraishi N, Takano N, and Shibahara T
- Subjects
- Gingival Diseases surgery, Humans, Male, Mandible surgery, Middle Aged, Xanthomatosis surgery, Gingival Diseases pathology, Xanthomatosis pathology
- Abstract
Verruciform xanthoma (VX), a papillary or wart-like lesion of the mucosa, is histopathologically characterized by papillary projection of the epithelium and an aggregation of foam cells in the lamina propria. Here, we describe a case of VX in the posterior mandibular gingiva, initially suspected to be a benign lesion based on clinical findings and cytology prior to an excisional biopsy. The patient was a 62-year-old man who had visited a local dentist approximately 1 year earlier, presenting with a white lesion in the left posterior mandibular gingiva that resisted removal by scraping. The lesion was left untreated as there were no subjective symptoms. Thereafter, the surface of the lesion roughened and the patient was referred to our department for a comprehensive examination. A circumscribed, granular mass, 15-mm in diameter, with a red and white surface was observed in the left posterior mandibular buccal gingiva. Exfoliative cytology was performed. The diagnosis was a class III lesion. Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histopathological examination led to a diagnosis of VX. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient is making satisfactory progress without recurrence. Verruciform xanthoma is difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and is commonly resected under a clinical diagnosis of papilloma or benign tumor. A benign lesion was also initially suspected in the present case and cytological analysis performed to confirm absence of malignancy. The lesion could not be diagnosed as VX preoperatively. Verruciform xanthoma can be over-diagnosed based solely on cytological examination because it often involves cellular atypia reflecting its characteristic extension of rete pegs and keratinization of surface cells, indicating the need for care in arriving at a definitive diagnosis.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Local Injection of Hyaluronic Acid Filler Improves Open Gingival Embrasure: Validation Through a Rat Model.
- Author
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Pi S, Choi YJ, Hwang S, Lee DW, Yook JI, Kim KH, and Chung CJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Dental Papilla drug effects, Dental Papilla pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gingiva diagnostic imaging, Gingiva pathology, Gingival Diseases diagnostic imaging, Gingival Diseases pathology, Hyaluronic Acid administration & dosage, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, X-Ray Microtomography, Gingival Diseases drug therapy, Hyaluronic Acid therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: The open gingival embrasure, the so-called black triangle, is one of the unsolved dilemmas in adult dentistry. Although various techniques have been introduced to improve black triangles, the lack of reproducible experimental models has prevented development of successful protocols to regenerate or to compensate loss of the interdental papilla. Therefore, the objective of this study is first to develop a reliable animal model of open gingival embrasure and then to validate a minimally invasive injection technique using hyaluronic acid (HA) filler to augment the interdental papilla., Methods: To reproduce open gingival embrasure in rats, rapid space opening was induced between the mandibular incisors by attachment of a compression spring. Loss of interdental papilla height was morphologically evaluated and calculated using standardized serial photographs, microcomputed tomography, and histologic sections. Afterward, HA fillers or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was locally injected, and changes in the interdental papilla were evaluated., Results: After 7 days of space opening, the margin of the interdental papilla between the mandibular incisors gradually became irregular and flat, indicating a condition similar to the open gingival embrasure (P <0.05). Local injection of HA filler induced an augmentation effect of the interdental papilla compared with injection of PBS (P <0.05). Interdental papilla became convex, and inner granules containing HA were detected within the submucosal layer after its injection., Conclusions: Open gingival embrasure was reproduced reliably in vivo. Local injection of HA filler was validated as a meaningful minimally invasive procedure to improve open gingival embrasure.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. A report on the clinical-pathological correlations of 788 gingival lesion.
- Author
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Gambino A, Carbone M, Broccoletti R, Carcieri P, Conrotto D, Carrozzo M, and Arduino PG
- Subjects
- Female, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Gingival Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The diagnosis and treatment of a variety of non-plaque related gingival diseases have become an integrated aspect of everyday dentistry. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between clinical appearance and histopathological features of gingival lesions in a large Northern Italian population., Material and Methods: A retrospective study of 788 cases of gingival and alveolar mucosal biopsies was set up. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (C.I.), in order to assess the degree of association between the clinical parameters considered (primary lesions) and the single pathologies, statistically evaluated by Mantel-Haenszel tests. The correlation between clinical and histological diagnosis was classified as follow: 1) expected data (ED): provisional clinical diagnosis; 2) real data (RD): final histopathology diagnosis; 3) concordant data (CD): correspondence between the expected data and real data. The correlation was calculated as follow: CC (complete concordance) = CD x 100 / ED, this expressing the percentage in which the clinical and the histological diagnosis overlapped., Results: The most frequently observed and biopsied primary lesions resulted to be exophytic, followed by mucosal colour changes and finally by losses of substance. The statistically significant association between primary lesion and their manifestation in gingival pathologies was reported. Volume increases, for instance, were positively correlated to plasma cell epulis, pyogenic granuloma, fibrous reactive hyperplasia and hemangioma. Verrucous-papillary lesions were most often seen in verrucous carcinoma, verrucous leukoplakia and mild dysplasia. White lesion resulted to be related to leukoplakia or oral lichen planus. Red lesions resulted to be related only oral lichen planus. Erosive vesicle-bullous lesions were linked to disimmune pathologies. Ulcerative lesions were positively associated to oral squamous cell cancer. Finally, potentially malignant disorders have the most percentage high concordance. Among the malignant lesions, the correlation increased up to the squamous cell carcinoma and leukaemia., Conclusions: This article presented the frequency and the clinico-pathological concordance of all primary lesions and the histopathological diagnosis of gingival lesions. For every primary lesion, it is possible to correlate a specific histopathological diagnosis in a statistical manner. This can be a valuable aid for not specialist clinicians who daily observe mucosae and have the opportunity to intercept major diseases.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Factors associated with the risk of gingival disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
- Author
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Huang LG, Chen G, Chen DY, and Chen HH
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthritis, Rheumatoid complications, Arthritis, Rheumatoid epidemiology, Ascorbic Acid administration & dosage, Biomarkers analysis, Female, Gingival Diseases epidemiology, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Life Style, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Vitamin D blood, Arthritis, Rheumatoid pathology, Gingival Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Gingival disase and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are linked at both the epidemiologic and pathogenesis levels. In this study, we aimed to identify environmental factors associated with RA and gingival disease and to investigate factors that protect the gingival tissue in RA patients. This retrospective study analyzed 754 RA patients with gingival disease selected from the NHANES database who completed the mobile examination center interview/examination between 1999 and 2004. Data collected included demographics, lifestyle, dietary intake, and biomarkers. The study included 173 RA patients with gingival disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of gingival disease were significantly increased with male gender. However, the odds of gingival disease was significantly decreased with increased vitamin C intake (OR = 0.996, p = 0.041), and higher serum vitamin D levels (OR = 0.979, p = 0.011). Given the significant association between the prevalence of gingival disease and RA, identification of risk factors of gingival disease will be useful as a screening tool in national health surveys to improve the management of periodontal disease in patients with RA.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A Case of Plasma Cell Granuloma Located on the Gingiva.
- Author
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Akdoğan N, Yalçın B, Gür Aksoy G, Tuna EE, and Ünal DT
- Subjects
- Biopsy, Needle, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment, Treatment Outcome, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases surgery, Granuloma, Plasma Cell pathology, Granuloma, Plasma Cell surgery
- Abstract
Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is an uncommon benign tumor of unknown etiology, primarily located in the lungs. We report a case of PCG on the gingiva mimicking benign and malignant tumors in a 56-year-old woman. Histopathological examination revealed a relatively sharp circumscribed inflammatory cell infiltration under the mucosa-containing plasma cells, predominantly those including Russell bodies. Plasma cells are stained by CD138 immunohistochemistry. Polyclonal status of the lesion was confirmed by kappa and lambda light chaining. The typical histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in combination with the clinical features were consistent with PCG, about which the literature reports very few cases.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Chronic paracoccidioidmycosis in a woman with Crohn Disease.
- Author
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Tavares Dos Santos H, Augusto Benevenuto de Andrade B, Fernandes D, Caxias Travassos D, and Bufalino A
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Azathioprine therapeutic use, Chronic Disease, Female, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Mesalamine therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Paracoccidioidomycosis complications, Crohn Disease complications, Crohn Disease drug therapy, Gingival Diseases microbiology, Paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis
- Abstract
We report a rare case of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis(PCM) in a woman with Crohn disease in the setting of treatment with azathioprine and mesalazine. Serum tests for antigens to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Aspergillus fumigatus were negative. An incisional biopsy of an oral lesion with periodic acid-schiff and Grocott-methenamine silver stains revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis within the cytoplasm, confirming the diagnosis of PCM.
- Published
- 2017
48. [Mysterious gingival ulcers].
- Author
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Poullot E, Kammerer SF, Lamaison C, Tas P, Gilliot B, and Llamas Gutierrez F
- Subjects
- Adult, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections pathology, Female, Gingival Diseases pathology, Gingival Diseases virology, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative complications, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative drug therapy, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Mycophenolic Acid therapeutic use, Oral Ulcer pathology, Oral Ulcer virology, RNA, Viral analysis, Reed-Sternberg Cells pathology, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections diagnosis, Gingival Diseases diagnosis, Oral Ulcer diagnosis
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Idiopathic gingival papillokeratosis with crypt formation, a report of 7 cases of a previously undescribed entity: possible unusual oral epithelial nevus?
- Author
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Noonan VL, Woo SB, Sundararajan D, Kabani S, and Gallagher G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Gingival Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Male, Nevus pathology, Young Adult, Gingival Diseases pathology, Keratosis pathology, Maxilla pathology
- Abstract
We report 7 cases of hitherto undescribed keratotic papillary plaques of uncertain etiology involving the gingiva. All 7 cases presented on the anterior maxillary attached gingiva of patients in the second decade. The lesions were asymptomatic and 86% (6 of 7 cases) presented in a bilateral symmetric distribution. Microscopically, the lesions exhibited parakeratosis and papillary acanthosis with parakeratin-filled crypts. No specific etiology such as a factitial habit or a common exogenous agent has been identified. The possibility of a developmental etiology such as an oral epithelial nevus cannot be entirely excluded. We propose the descriptive term idiopathic gingival papillokeratosis with crypt formation (IGPC) for this condition., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Resolution of psoriatic lesions on the gingiva and hard palate following administration of adalimumab for cutaneous psoriasis.
- Author
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Brooks JK, Kleinman JW, Modly CE, and Basile JR
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Diseases pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psoriasis pathology, Recurrence, Treatment Outcome, Adalimumab therapeutic use, Gingival Diseases drug therapy, Palate, Hard pathology, Psoriasis drug therapy
- Abstract
We report the case of a 51-year-old man who presented with an atypical inflammatory response of the gingiva and hard palate that was concomitant with widespread cutaneous psoriasis. The patient had discontinued taking adalimumab 6 months prior to presentation, having achieved satisfactory management of his cutaneous lesions; however, he resumed 2 days prior to presentation due to recurrent disease. A gingival biopsy was consistent with oral psoriasis. At a 2-month follow-up, dramatic resolution of oral involvement was evident and the cutaneous psoriatic plaques were greatly reduced in size. The administration of adalimumab for cutaneous psoriasis may concurrently modulate oral dissemination.
- Published
- 2017
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