Recurrent peripheral odontogenic keratocyst: Review of the literature and presentation of a novel case initially masquerading as an atypical infected lateral periodontal cyst.

Aim: To review published cases and case series of the peripheral odontogenic keratocyst (POKC) of the gingiva, report an unusual presentation, and discuss lesional recurrence.
Materials and Methods: A search of the English language literature for gingival OKCs was conducted. The inclusion of new case yielded a database containing 29 affected patients. Clinical, surgical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings have been summarized.
Results: With available patient demographics, 62.5% were female and 37.5% were male, with an overall mean age at diagnosis of 53.8 years. There was near-equal lesional affinity for the jaws, of which 44.0% occurred in the posterior region, 32.0% anteriorly, and 24.0% overlapped these areas. Twenty-five percent of lesions had a normal color, 30.0% appeared yellow, 20.0% were white, and 10.0% were blue. The majority of lesions were < 1 cm and nearly 42% manifested exudation or fluctuance. Lesional pain was infrequent. Pressure resorption was recorded in 45.8% of cases. Most lesions were managed with conservative surgical modalities. Follow-up information was available in 16 primary cases, of which 5 recurred, signifying a 31.3% recurrence rate, including the featured case, which recurred twice.
Conclusion: To reduce recurrence of a gingival OKC, supraperiosteal dissection is advocated. Further, it is advised to follow POKCs for 5-7 years postoperatively, remaining vigilant for subtle clinical manifestations of recurrence. Timely discovery and excision of a POKC of the gingiva may decrease the incidence of a mucogingival defect.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None.
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