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[EN] The use of rubrics can be an especially useful tool to align the teaching, learning and evaluation processes of oral presentation. Its validity is essential to assess academic performance and may be influenced by student self-regulation. The objective of the study was to determine the perception of validity and utility of a rubric for students of the Physical Education and Sports Sciences degree, as well as to identify the relationship between this perception, their academic performance and their self-regulation. 123 students participated in the study. The teacher of the subject provided the rubric to evaluate oral presentations. After oral presentations, students answered two questionnaires: one about the perception of the validity of the rubric and the other about self-regulation. In addition, their academic performance was recorded. The students positively assessed the rubric’s validity as a method of preparing and evaluating the oral presentation. Self-regulation presented a clearer direct relationship with the perception of rubric’s validity than academic performance, however, this relationship was weak and needs to be verified in future studies., [ES] La utilización de rúbricas puede ser una herramienta especialmente útil para alinear los procesos de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación de la exposición oral. Su validez es fundamental para valorar el rendimiento académico y puede estar influenciada por la autorregulación del alumnado. El objetivo del estudio ha consistido en determinar la validez y utilidad que el alumnado de la titulación de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte conceden a una rúbrica desarrollada al efecto, así como identificar la relación entre esta percepción, su rendimiento académico y su autorregulación. En el estudio participaron un total de 123 estudiantes. El profesor de la asignatura facilitó la rúbrica para evaluar exposiciones orales. Una vez realizadas las exposiciones orales, el alumnado respondió a dos cuestionarios: uno de percepción de validez de la rúbrica y otro de autorregulación. Además, se tuvo constancia de su rendimiento académico. El alumnado valoró positivamente la validez y utilidad de la rúbrica como método de preparación y evaluación de la exposición oral. La autorregulación presentó una relación directa más clara con la percepción de validez de la rúbrica que el rendimiento académico, sin embargo, dicha relación resultó débil y necesita ser contrastada en futuros estudios.

[EN]Objective: Foot orthoses are increasingly used by runners despite the controversy about whether their use can reduce the risk of overuse injuries. Some authors have found modifications in plantar pressures with the use of foot orthoses, which could produce changes in the surface skin temperature of the foot soles. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of custom-made and prefabricated foot orthoses on the skin temperature of different regions of both foot soles after running. Approach: Twenty-four participants carried out a maximal aerobic speed test as a pre-test, and three running tests at the laboratory wearing different foot orthoses conditions (control, prefabricated and custom-made) previously randomized. Skin temperature of four regions of interest of the foot soles was assessed before, immediately after and ten minutes after running. Main results: The use of prefabricated and custom-made foot orthoses did not produce changes on skin temperature of the foot soles neither in absolute temperatures (p > 0.05), nor in temperature variations: between immediately after and before running (p > 0.05), and between ten minutes after and immediately after running (p > 0.05). Otherwise, higher values were found with no insoles than with prefabricated foot orthoses, 10 min after running in relation to before running, in forefoot [mean (standard deviation): 5.6 (2.4) versus 3.7 (2.7) °C; p = 0.02; effect size (ESd) = 0.72], midfoot [3.7 (1.5) versus 2.7 (1.5) °C; p = 0.03; ESd = 0.65] and rearfoot [4.18 (2.05) versus 2.9 (1.82) °C; p = 0.02; ESd = 0.64)]. Significance: In conclusion, the use of foot orthoses, in general, does not affect the surface skin temperature of the foot soles after an intense run.

Mattresses composed by phase change materials (PCMs) may improve the thermoregulation of the human body. The aim of the study was to analyze the thermoregulatory efficiency of a PCMs and a conventional mattresses via the evaluation of the skin temperature, thermal comfort and thermal perception. Twenty participants lay on a PCMs and a conventional mattress for 20 minutes in each mattress on the same day. Skin temperature of the back of the participants and temperature of the sheet of the mattresses were measured before and immediately after lying on each mattress. Thermal comfort and thermal perception were also reported during the last minute of the lying test. The PCMs mattress resulted in a lower increase in skin temperature (0.3 - 1.0°C, p=0.002 and ES=1.4) and a greater increase of the sheet temperature (0.2 - 1.6°C, p=0.02 and ES=0.8). No differences in thermal comfort and thermal perception were observed between mattresses (p>0.05 and ES<0.8). The analysis of the superficial temperature (skin, sheet) was an adequate tool to identify differences in the thermoregulatory efficiency of different mattresses. The use of PCMs in mattresses improved the heat dissipation of the human body during lying in a proportion between 2.7% and 25.6%. However, the thermoregulatory differences were not big enough to alter the thermal comfort and thermal perception of the participants after 20 minutes of test.

[EN] During the transition between warm-up and competition there is a change in core, muscle and (eventually) skin temperature that may affect swimming performance. We have aimed to assess skin temperature evolution during transition phases of different durations before a typical front crawl effort and to investigate its relationship with performance. Following a standardized warm-up, nine adolescent male swimmers performed three maximal randomized 100 m maximum front crawl trials after 10, 20 and 45 min transition phases. Skin temperature, performance (time, stroke frequency, length and index, and propelling efficiency), heart rate, lactate and perceived effort were assessed. Data showed a skin temperature log increase over time (R2 > 0.96, p < 0.01) without differences from the 15 min with the following instants. Performance and psychophysiological variables were similar between transition phases. However, skin temperature at the end of the transition periods, i.e., just before the 100 m trials, was lower in the 10 min than the 20 and 45 min transitions (32.0 ± 0.6 vs 33.0 ± 0.4 and 33.5 ± 0.5 °C, respectively). The main finding was that no relevant relationships were observed between pre-test skin temperature and performance times (|r| < 0.6, p > 0.05) for the studied transition phases. We have concluded that transitions longer than 10 min will not present thermal changes and that, within the physiologic limits studied, pre-exercise skin temperature does not influence swimming performance.

[EN] The main instruments to assess foot eversion have some limitations (especially for field applications), and therefore it is necessary to explore new methods. The objective was to determine the relationship between foot eversion and skin temperature asymmetry of the foot sole (difference between medial and lateral side), using infrared thermography. Twenty-two runners performed a running test lasting 30 min. Skin temperature of the feet soles was measured by infrared thermography before and after running. Foot eversion during running was measured by kinematic analysis. Immediately after running, weak negative correlations were observed between thermal symmetry of the rearfoot and eversion at contact time, and between thermal symmetry of the entire plantar surface of the foot and maximum eversion during stance phase (r = −0.3 and p = 0.04 in both cases). Regarding temperature variations, weak correlations were also observed (r = 0.4 and p < 0.05). The weak correlations observed in this study suggest that skin temperature is not related to foot eversion. However, these results open interesting future lines of research

[ES] Con el paso de los años, el proceso de envejecimiento comienza a manifestarse, produciendo cambios en la salud física y mental de las personas, estos cambios serán más o menos graves en función de los hábitos de vida que se lleven, pudiendo afirmar que la realización de ejercicio físico mejora la calidad de vida ayudando a retardar y prevenir el proceso de deterioro, pudiendo ser una alternativa eficaz el entrenamiento interválico de sprints cortos (sSIT). El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los posibles efectos de un programa de sSIT en los parámetros espacio- temporales de la marcha y la salud mental de los adultos mayores. La muestra obtenida para su desarrollo consistió en un total de 12 participantes sanos pertenecientes a un programa de actividad física, formado por 9 mujeres y 3 hombres entre los 65 y 85 años. Para la elaboración del estudio, se llevaron la prueba de dos minutos marcha (2-MWT) y el cuestionario de depresión geriátrica (GDS). Los resultados mostraron que el sSIT no produjo mejoras ni en los parámetros espacio- temporales de la marcha (frecuencia de zancada, longitud de zancada, tiempo de zancada, velocidad promedio y doble apoyo) ni en la percepción de la depresión de los adultos mayores. No obstante, en el parámetro de doble apoyo el grupo experimental obtuvo una mayor reducción de la variabilidad (-24,08%)., [EN] With the passing of the years, the aging process begins to manifest itself, producing changes in the physical and mental health of people, these changes will be more or less severe depending on the lifestyle habits that are led, being able to affirm that the performance of physical exercise improves the quality of life helping to delay and prevent the deterioration process, being able to be an effective alternative the short sprints intervallic training (sSIT). The objective of this research was to analyze the possible effects of a sSIT program on the spatio-temporal parameters of gait and mental health in older adults. The sample obtained for its development consisted of a total of 12 healthy participants belonging to a physical activity program, consisting of 9 women and 3 men between 65 and 85 years of age. For the development of the study, the two-minute walk test (2-MWT) and the geriatric depression questionnaire (GDS) were taken. The results showed that the sSIT did not produce improvements in either the spatio-temporal parameters of gait (stride frequency, stride length, stride time, average speed and double support) or in the perception of depression in older adults. However, in the double support parameter, the experimental group obtained a greater reduction in variability (-24.08%).

[ES] El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar los efectos agudos de un entrenamiento interválico de esprints cortos (sSIT) con dos cargas resistivas o torques, y verificar las diferencias en las respuestas de electromiografía de superficie (sEMG). Quince sujetos físicamente activos completaron dos sesiones sSIT (doce esprints de 5 segundos en un cicloergómetro) bajo una condición de torque bajo (LT) y alto (HT) en orden aleatorio. Se evaluaron variables mecánicas, fisiológicas y perceptivas durante las sesiones. La cadencia y potencia medias y el ratio de fatiga fueron mayores en HT (p<0.05), mientras que el tiempo hasta alcanzar la potencia pico y la amplitud sEMG cuantificada como la raíz cuadrática media (RMS) fueron mayores en LT (p<0.05). La cadencia y potencia máximas, la RMS máxima, la concentración de lactato y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo fueron similares en ambos protocolos (p>0.05). Una mayor actividad de las motoneuronas en LT sugiere un mayor impulso neural por un mayor reclutamiento o tasa de descarga de las mismas. En ambos casos, este rendimiento mecánico y actividad sEMG se mantienen a lo largo del protocolo gracias al ratio de trabajo-descanso del mismo y a factores como las estrategias de reclutamiento muscular y la contribución relativa de los distintos tipos de fibras., [EN] The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of a short sprint interval training (sSIT) session with two different resistive loads or torques, and to verify the differences in surface electromyography (sEMG) responses. Fifteen physically active subjects completed two sSIT sessions (twelve 5-second sprints on a cycle ergometer) under low (LT) and high (HT) torque conditions in a randomized order. Mechanical, physiological, and perceptual variables were evaluated during the sessions. Average cadence, power, and fatigue ratio were higher in HT (p<0.05), while the time to peak power and sEMG amplitude quantified as root mean square (RMS) were higher in LT (p<0.05). Maximum cadence and power, maximum RMS, lactate concentration, and subjective perception of effort were similar in both protocols (p>0.05). Greater activity of the motoneurons in LT suggests a higher neural drive due to increased recruitment or firing rate. In both cases, this mechanical performance and sEMG activity are maintained throughout the protocol thanks to the work-rest ratio and factors such as muscle recruitment strategies and the relative contribution of different fiber types.

[EN] Introduction: Dry needling is a non-pharmacological approach that has proven to be effective in different neurological conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a single dry needling session in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed based on a randomized controlled clinical trial. The results obtained from the values of the EuroQol-5D questionnaire and the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale were processed in order to obtain the percentage of treatment responders and the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for each alternative. The cost analysis was that of the hospital, clinic, or health center, including the equipment and physiotherapist. The cost per respondent and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of each alternative were assessed. Results: Twenty-three patients with stroke were selected. The cost of DN treatment was EUR 14.96, and the data analysis showed a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio of both EUR/QALY and EUR/responder for IG, although the sensitivity analysis using limit values did not confirm the dominance (higher effectiveness with less cost) of the dry needling over the sham dry needling. Conclusions: Dry needling is an affordable alternative with good results in the cost-effectiveness analysis—both immediately, and after two weeks of treatment—compared to sham dry needling in persons with chronic stroke.

[ES] La concreción del aprendizaje cooperativo en propuestas prácticas que puedan desarrollarse en las clases y minimicen los problemas habitualmente vinculados al trabajo grupal nos lleva a la necesidad de prestar atención a los procesos de trabajo que los estudiantes realizan en los diferentes grupos. De esta forma, surgen distintas técnicas, con mayor o menor estructuración, que pueden implementarse a nivel general o específicamente en Educación Física.

[ES] El aumento de la temperatura corporal durante el calentamiento y su mantenimiento durante la fase de transición es un elemento clave en el rendimiento. Pese a ello, la estrategia en la fase de transición en voleibol no está suficientemente estudiada. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar el efecto de tres protocolos de fase de transición (pasivo, activo y sauna) en relación con el rendimiento en la altura de salto. Cuatro jugadores de voleibol completaron 3 sesiones donde realizaban un calentamiento estandarizado, seguido de una fase de transición de 5 minutos diferente cada día. Se analizó la temperatura superficial de la piel basal y post calentamiento, y post transición y la altura de salto en dos pruebas (Abalakov y CMJ) en basal y tras la fase de transición. El comportamiento térmico fue simétrico en todas las condiciones, encontrando disminuciones de la temperatura tras el calentamiento en todas las regiones musculares; excepto los gemelos que se mantuvo, mientras que aumento en las regiones óseas y ligamentosas, excepto la rodilla que disminuyo. Se observó que los participantes obtuvieron mejor rendimiento en las dos pruebas de salto tras la fase de transición de sauna y peor rendimiento tras la transición activa., [EN] Rising of body temperature during the warming up and its maintenance during the transition phase, is a key element in the performance. Nonetheless, the strategy during this transition phase in volleyball is not well studied. The main aim of this study was to compare the effect of three different transition phase protocols (passive, active and sauna) and their influence on jump height performance. Four volleyball players completed 3 sessions in which they performed a standardised warm-up, followed by a different transition phase of 5 minutes duration each day. Skin surface temperature was measured at three time points, basal, post warm-up and post-transition phase and jump height was measured with two tests (Abalakov and CMJ), at basal and post-transition phase. Thermal behaviour was symmetrical within all conditions, with a reduction in skin temperature after warm up being found in all muscle regions, with the exception of calf muscles, which remained as at baseline. While it increased in the bones and ligamentous regions, except for the knee, in which it decreased. It was observed that the participants performed better in both jumping tests after the sauna transition phase and worse after the active transition phase.

La carrera a pie es una de las actividades deportivas más antiguas de las que se tiene constancia y una de las escasas pruebas que componían los Juegos Olímpicos de la antigüedad. Hasta mediados del siglo XX, su práctica se manifestó fundamentalmente en un ámbito competitivo. A partir de entonces, también comenzó a desarrollarse a nivel recreativo, aumentando su popularidad progresivamente hasta el punto de que, hoy en día, millones de personas la practican a nivel global, cubriendo distancias desde los 5 km a la maratón (Scheerder et al., 2015)

[ES] Actualmente, la biomecánica deportiva facilita al profesional en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte indicaciones precisas sobre cómo ajustar una bicicleta de forma óptima. En esta práctica, aprenderás a realizar un ajuste (bike-fit) básico, que podrás utilizar en diversos ámbitos de tu desempeño profesional.