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1. Double Photodiode Readout System for the Calorimeter of the HERD Experiment: Challenges and New Horizons in Technology for the Direct Detection of High-Energy Cosmic Rays

Author

Pietro Betti, Oscar Adriani, Matias Antonelli, Yonglin Bai, Xiaohong Bai, Tianwei Bao, Eugenio Berti, Lorenzo Bonechi, Massimo Bongi, Valter Bonvicini, Sergio Bottai, Weiwei Cao, Jorge Casaus, Zhen Chen, Xingzhu Cui, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Sebastiano Detti, Carlos Diaz, Yongwei Dong, Noemi Finetti, Valerio Formato, Miguel Angel Velasco Frutos, Jiarui Gao, Francesca Giovacchini, Xiaozhen Liang, Ran Li, Xin Liu, Linwei Lyu, Gustavo Martinez, Nicola Mori, Jesus Marin Munoz, Lorenzo Pacini, Paolo Papini, Cecilia Pizzolotto, Zheng Quan, Junjun Qin, Dalian Shi, Oleksandr Starodubtsev, Zhicheng Tang, Alessio Tiberio, Valerio Vagelli, Elena Vannuccini, Bo Wang, Junjing Wang, Le Wang, Ruijie Wang, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Zhigang Wang, Ming Xu, Li Zhang, and Jinkun Zheng

Subjects
cosmic rays, calorimeters, space instrumentation, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The HERD experiment is a future experiment for the direct detection of high-energy cosmic rays and is to be installed on the Chinese space station in 2027. The main objectives of HERD are the first direct measurement of the knee of the cosmic ray spectrum, the extension of electron+positron flux measurement up to tens of TeV, gamma ray astronomy, and the search for indirect signals of dark matter. The main component of the HERD detector is an innovative calorimeter composed of about 7500 LYSO scintillating crystals assembled in a spherical shape. Two independent readout systems of the LYSO scintillation light will be installed on each crystal: the wavelength-shifting fibers system developed by IHEP and the double photodiode readout system developed by INFN and CIEMAT. In order to measure protons in the cosmic ray knee region, we must be able to measure energy release of about 250 TeV in a single crystal. In addition, in order to calibrate the system, we need to measure typical releases of minimum ionizing particles that are about 30 MeV. Thus, the readout systems should have a dynamic range of about 107. In this article, we analyze the development and the performance of the double photodiode readout system. In particular, we show the performance of a prototype readout by the double photodiode system for electromagnetic showers as measured during a beam test carried out at the CERN SPS in October 2021 with high-energy electron beams.

Published
2024
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2. Photodiode Read-Out System for the Calorimeter of the Herd Experiment

Author

Pietro Betti, Oscar Adriani, Matias Antonelli, Yonglin Bai, Xiaohong Bai, Tianwei Bao, Eugenio Berti, Lorenzo Bonechi, Massimo Bongi, Valter Bonvicini, Sergio Bottai, Weiwei Cao, Jorge Casaus, Zhen Chen, Xingzhu Cui, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Sebastiano Detti, Yongwei Dong, Noemi Finetti, Valerio Formato, Miguel Angel Velasco Frutos, Jiarui Gao, Xiaozhen Liang, Ran Li, Xin Liu, Linwei Lyu, Gustavo Martinez, Nicola Mori, Jesus Marin Munoz, Lorenzo Pacini, Paolo Papini, Cecilia Pizzolotto, Zheng Quan, JunJun Qin, Dalian Shi, Oleksandr Starodubtsev, Zhicheng Tang, Alessio Tiberio, Valerio Vagelli, Elena Vannuccini, Bo Wang, Junjing Wang, Le Wang, Ruijie Wang, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Zhigang Wang, Ming Xu, Li Zhang, and Jinkun Zheng

Subjects
cosmic rays, calorimeters, space instrumentation, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

HERD is a future experiment for the direct detection of high energy cosmic rays. The instrument is based on a calorimeter optimized not only for a good energy resolution but also for a large acceptance. Each crystal composing the calorimeter is equipped with two read-out systems: one based on wavelength-shifting fibers and the other based on two photodiodes with different active areas assembled in a monolithic package. In this paper, we describe the photodiode read-out system, focusing on experimental requirements, design and estimated performances. Finally, we show how these features lead to the flight model project of the photodiode read-out system.

Published
2022
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3. A New Approach to Calorimetry in Space-Based Experiments for High-Energy Cosmic Rays

Author

Gabriele Bigongiari, Oscar Adriani, Sebastiano Albergo, Giovanni Ambrosi, Lucrezia Auditore, Andrea Basti, Eugenio Berti, Lorenzo Bonechi, Simone Bonechi, Massimo Bongi, Valter Bonvicini, Sergio Bottai, Paolo Brogi, Gigi Cappello, Paolo Walter Cattaneo, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Sebastiano Detti, Matteo Duranti, Mauro Fasoli, Noemi Finetti, Valerio Formato, Maria Ionica, Antonio Italiano, Piergiulio Lenzi, Paolo Maestro, Pier Simone Marrocchesi, Nicola Mori, Giulio Orzan, Miriam Olmi, Lorenzo Pacini, Paolo Papini, Maria Grazia Pellegriti, Andrea Rappoldi, Sergio Bruno Ricciarini, Antonella Sciuto, Gianluigi Silvestre, Oleksandr Starodubtsev, Francesco Stolzi, Jung Eun Suh, Arta Sulaj, Alessio Tiberio, Alessia Tricomi, Antonio Trifirò, Marina Trimarchi, Elena Vannuccini, Anna Vedda, Gianluigi Zampa, and Nicola Zampa

Subjects
cosmic rays, astroparticles, γ -ray astronomy, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract

Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in this region are mainly derived from data collected by ground-based detectors, because of the very low particle rates at these energies. Unfortunately, these results are affected by the high uncertainties typical of indirect measurements, which depend on the complicated modeling of the interaction of the primary particle with the atmosphere. A space experiment dedicated to measurements in this energy region has to achieve a balance between the requirements of lightness and compactness, with that of a large acceptance to cope with the low particle rates. CaloCube is a four-year-old R&D project, approved and financed by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter. The large acceptance needed is obtained by maximizing the number of entrance windows, while thanks to its homogeneity and high segmentation this new detector achieves an excellent energy resolution and an enhanced separation power between hadrons and electrons. In order to optimize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals, and different spacings among them have been performed making use of MonteCarlo simulations. In parallel to simulations studies, several prototypes instrumented with CsI(Tl) (Caesium Iodide, Tallium doped) cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams. Moreover, the last development of CaloCube, the Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project, financed by the INFN in 2018, is focused on the feasibility of including several silicon layers at different depths in the calorimeter in order to reconstruct the particle direction. In fact, an important requirement for γ -ray astronomy is to have a good angular resolution in order to allow precise identification of astrophysical sources in space. In respect to the traditional approach of using a tracker with passive material in front of the calorimeter, the TIC solution can save a significant amount of mass budget in a space satellite experiment, which can then be exploited to improve the acceptance and the resolution of the calorimeter. In this paper, the status of the project and perspectives for future developments are presented.

Published
2019
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4. The XGIS instrument on-board THESEUS: the detection plane and on-board electronics

Author

Fuschino, Fabio, Campana, Riccardo, Labanti, Claudio, Amati, Lorenzo, Virgilli, Enrico, Terenzi, Luca, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Borghi, Giacomo, Ficorella, Francesco, Gandola, Massimo, Grassi, Marco, La Rosa, Giovanni, Lorenzi, Paolo, Malcovati, Piero, Mele, Filippo, Orleański, Piotr, Picciotto, Antonino, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Santangelo, Andrea, Sarra, Paolo, Sottile, Giuseppe, Tenzer, Christoph, Vacchi, Andrea, Gianluigi, Zampa, Zampa, Nicola, Zorzi, Nicola, hedderman, Paul, Winkler, M., Gemelli, Alessandro, Kuvvetli, Ifran, Pedersen, Søren Møller, Tcherniak, Denis, and Jensen, Lucas Christoffer Bune

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer instrument on-board the THESEUS mission (selected by ESA in the framework of the Cosmic Vision M5 launch opportunity, currently in phase A) is based on a detection plane composed of several thousands of single active elements. Each element comprises a 4.5x4.5x30 mm 3 CsI(Tl) scintillator bar, optically coupled at both ends to Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs). The SDDs acts both as photodetectors for the scintillation light and as direct X-ray sensors. In this paper the design of the XGIS detection plane is reviewed, outlining the strategic choices in terms of modularity and redundancy of the system. Results on detector-electronics prototypes are also described. Moreover, the design and development of the low-noise front-end electronics is presented, emphasizing the innovative architectural design based on custom-designed Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)., Comment: Proceedings of the SPIE 2020, paper 11444-277

Published
2021

5. Studies of cosmic-ray solar modulation with the PAMELA experiment

Author

Alex Lenni, Mirko Boezio, Riccardo Munini, Nadir Marcelli, Marius Potgieter, Donald Ngobeni, Oscar Adriani, Giancarlo C. Barbarino, Galina A. Bazilevskaya, Roberto Bellotti, Edward A. Bogomolov, Massimo Bongi, Valter Bonvicini, Alessandro Bruno, Francesco Cafagna, Donatella Campana, Per Carlson, Marco Casolino, Guido Castellini, Cristian De Santis, Arkadiy M. Galper, Sergey V. Koldashov, Sergey Koldobskiy, Alexander N. Kvashnin, Alexey A. Leonov, Vitaly V. Malakhov, Laura Marcelli, Matteo Martucci, Andrey G. Mayorov, Wolfgang Menn, Matteo Mergé, Vladimir V. Mikhailov, Emiliano Mocchiutti, Alfonso Monaco, Nicola Mori, Giuseppe Osteria, Beatrice Panico, Paolo Papini, Mark Pearce, Piergiorgio Picozza, Marco Ricci, Sergio B. Ricciarini, Manfred Simon, Alessandro Sotgiu, Roberta Sparvoli, Piero Spillantini, Yuri I. Stozhkov, Andrea Vacchi, Elena Vannuccini, Gennady I. Vasilyev, Sergey A. Voronov, Yuri T. Yurkin, Gianluigi Zampa, and Nicola Zampa

Published
2023

7. Design, integration, and test of the scientific payloads on-board the HERMES constellation and the SpIRIT mission

Author

Yuri Evangelista, Fabrizio Fiore, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ceraudo, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Giuseppe Dilillo, Mauro Fiorini, Marco Grassi, Alejandro Guzman, Paul Hedderman, Ezequiel J. Marchesini, Gianluca Morgante, Filippo Mele, Paolo Nogara, Alessio Nuti, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego Caballero, Irina Rashevskaya, Francesco Russo, Giuseppe Sottile, Claudio Labanti, Giulia Baroni, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Tianxiang Chen, Irisa Dedolli, Marco Feroci, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Na Gao, Francesco Ficorella, Piero Malcovati, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Andrea Santangelo, Christoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi

Subjects
Space 4.0, Payload, ASIC, CubeSat, FOS: Physical sciences, Silicon Drift Detectors, HERMES, GAGG, Gamma-ray Bursts, High Energy Astrophysics, SpIRIT, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) is a space-borne mission based on a constellation of nano-satellites flying in a low-Earth orbit (LEO). The six 3U CubeSat buses host new miniaturized instruments hosting a hybrid Silicon Drift Detector/GAGG:Ce scintillator photodetector system sensitive to X-rays and gamma-rays. HERMES will probe the temporal emission of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), ensuring a fast transient localization (with arcmin-level accuracy) in a field of view of several steradians exploiting the triangulation technique. With a foreseen launch date in late 2023, HERMES transient monitoring represents a keystone capability to complement the next generation of gravitational wave experiments. Moreover, the HERMES constellation will operate in conjunction with the Space Industry Responsive Intelligent Thermal (SpIRIT) 6U CubeSat, to be launched in early 2023. SpIRIT is an Australian-Italian mission for high-energy astrophysics that will carry in a Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) an actively cooled HERMES detector system payload. On behalf of the HERMES collaboration, in this paper we will illustrate the HERMES and SpIRIT payload design, integration and tests, highlighting the technical solutions adopted to allow a wide-energy-band and sensitive X-ray and gamma-ray detector to be accommodated in a 1U Cubesat volume., arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.03032

Published
2022

9. The detector/readout-electronics assembly of the eXTP wide field monitor

Author

Frans Zwart, Roland Tacken, Jean In't Zand, Rob de la Rie, Max Limpens, Cor Kochanowski, Gabby Aitink-Kroes, Coen van Baren, Jörg Bayer, David Baudin, Fabio Crescenti, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Martin Frericks, José-Luis Gálvez, Olivier Gevin, Margarita Hernanz, Ander Hormaetxe, Phillip Laubert, Aline Meuris, Jasper Nab, John Neelis, Chris Tenzer, Channah Vogel, and Gianluigi Zampa

Published
2022

10. The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) for THESEUS and other mission opportunities

Author

Lorenzo Amati, Claudio Labanti, Sandro Mereghetti, Filippo Frontera, Riccardo Campana, Natalia Auricchio, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Marica Branchesi, Reginald C. Butler, Maria D. Caballero-Garcia, Anna E. Camisasca, Alberto J. Castro-Tirado, Leo Cavazzini, Riccardo Ciolfi, Adriano De Rosa, Federico Evangelisti, Ruben Farinelli, Lisa Ferro, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, José L. Gasent-Blesa, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Marco Grassi, Cristiano Guidorzi, Paul Hedderman, Irfan Kuvvetli, Giovanni La Rosa, Paolo Lorenzi, Piero Malcovati, Ezequiel Marchesini, Martino Marisaldi, Michele Melchiorri, Filippo Mele, Malgorzata Mikhalska, Mauro Orlandini, Piotr Orleanski, Soren M. Pedersen, Raffaele Pizzolla, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Piero Rosati, Victor Reglero, Samuele Ronchini, Andrea Santangelo, Ruben Salvaterra, Paolo Sarra, Francesca Sortino, Giuseppe Sottile, Giulia Stratta, Stefano Squerzanti, John B. Stephen, Chris Tenzer, Luca Terenzi, Alessio Trois, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Angela Volpe, Marek Winkler, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrzej Zdziarski, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, and Nakazawa, Kazuhiro

Subjects
bursts [Gamma-ray], future missions [High-energy astrophysics], Space astrophysics: X and gamma-ray detectors, High-energy astrophysics: future missions, Gamma-ray:bursts, X and gamma-ray detectors [Space astrophysics], Time-domain astronomy, X-rays: transients, Gamma-ray bursts, transients [X-rays], Multi-messenger astrophysics
Abstract

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray (2022), Montreal, Jul 17-22, 2022.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering vol. 12181 Article number 1218126.-- Full list of authors: Amati, Lorenzo; Labanti, Claudio; Mereghetti, Sandro; Frontera, Filippo; Campana, Riccardo; Auricchio, Natalia; Baldazzi, Giuseppe; Bellutti, Pierluigi; Bertuccio, Giuseppe; Branchesi, Marica; Butler, Reginald C.; Caballero-Garcia, Maria D.; Camisasca, Anna E.; Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.; Cavazzini, Leo; Ciolfi, Riccardo; De Rosa, Adriano; Evangelisti, Federico; Farinelli, Ruben; Ferro, Lisa; Ficorella, Francesco; Fiorini, Mauro; Fuschino, Fabio; Gasent-Blesa, Jose L.; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo; Grassi, Marco; Guidorzi, Cristiano; Hedderman, Paul; Kuvvetli, Irfan; La Rosa, Giovanni; Lorenzi, Paolo; Malcovati, Piero; Marchesini, Ezequiel; Marisaldi, Martino; Melchiorri, Michele; Mele, Filippo; Mikhalska, Malgorzata; Orlandini, Mauro; Orleanski, Piotr; Pedersen, Soren M.; Pizzolla, Raffaele; Rachevski, Alexandre; Rashevskaya, Irina; Rosati, Piero; Reglero, Victor; Ronchini, Samuele; Santangelo, Andrea; Salvaterra, Ruben; Sarra, Paolo; Sortino, Francesca; Sottile, Giuseppe; Stratta, Giulia; Squerzanti, Stefano; Stephen, John B.; Tenzer, Chris; Terenzi, Luca; Trois, Alessio; Vacchi, Andrea; Virgilli, Enrico; Volpe, Angela; Winkler, Marek; Zampa, Gianluigi; Zampa, Nicola; Zdziarski, Andrzej, We describe the science case, design and expected performances of the X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS), a GRB and transients monitor developed and studied for the THESEUS mission project, capable of covering an exceptionally wide energy band (2 keV – 10 MeV), with imaging capabilities and location accuracy, With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709

Published
2022

11. Study of radiation-induced effects on the RIGEL ASIC

Author

Francesco Ceraudo, Irisa Dedolli, Filippo Ambrosino, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Riccardo Campana, Michele Caselle, Daniela Cirrincione, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Claudio Labanti, Pasqualino Loffredo, Giovanni Lombardi, Piero Malcovati, Alfredo Morbidini, Filippo Mele, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Antonino Tobia, Andrea Vacchi, Angela Volpe, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi

Subjects
Bit-upsets, Latch-up, X-ray spectroscopy, Radiation effects, Silicon detectors, Low-noise ASIC, Total Ionising Dose
Published
2022

12. The Large Area Detector onboard the eXTP mission

Author

Marco Feroci, Giovanni Ambrosi, Filippo Ambrosino, Matias Antonelli, Andrea Argan, Viktor Babinec, Marco Barbera, Jörg Bayer, Pierluigi Bellutti, Bruna Bertucci, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Xingzi Bi, Mirko Boezio, Walter Bonvicini, Giacomo Borghi, Enrico Bozzo, David Baudin, Florent Bouyjou, Daniele Brienza, Franck Cadoux, Riccardo Campana, Jiewei Cao, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Wen Chen, Daniela Cirrincione, Nicolas De Angelis, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Sergio Di Cosimo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Roman Dohnal, Immacolata Donnarumma, Yuri Evangelista, Qingmei Fan, Yannick Favre, Emanuele Fiandrini, Francesco Ficorella, Fabio Fuschino, Na Gao, Olivier Gevin, Marco Grassi, Manuel Guedel, Xingbo Han, Huilin He, Paul Hedderman, jan-willem den herder, Richard Hynek, Bing Hong, Ge Jin, Merlin Kole, Vladimír Karas, Martin Komarek, Claudio Labanti, Loghui Li, Tianming Li, Hong Liang, Olivier Limousin, Rui Liu, Ugo Lo Cicero, Jens Lohering, Giovanni Lombardi, Fang-Jun Lu, Tao Luo, Piero Malcovati, Hanqi Mao, Andrea Marinucci, Filippo Mele, Vasco Mendes, Martin Merkl, Aline Meuris, Małgorzata Michalska, Alfredo Morbidini, Gianluca Morgante, Fabio Muleri, Riccardo Munini, Lorenzo Mussolin, Barbara Negri, Petr Novak, Witold Nowosielski, Alessio Nuti, Piotr Orleanski, Roland Ottensamer, Luigi Pacciani, Stephane Paltani, Teng Pan, Giancarlo Pepponi, Emanuele Perinati, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Samuel Pliego, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaia, Andrea Santangelo, Roberto Serafinelli, Stéphane Schanne, Konrad Skup, Libor Sveda, Jiri Svoboda, Christopher Tenzer, Michela Todaro, Gabreil Torok, Alessio Trois, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Hao Xiong, Jian Wang, Xianqi Wang, Berend Winter, Xin Wu, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrei Zdziarski, Long Zhang, Shu Zhang, Shuang-Nan Zhang, Wenda Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Yupeng Zhou, Nicola Zorzi, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Feroci, Marco, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Antonelli, Matia, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Barbera, Marco, Bayer, Jörg, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bi, Xingzi, Boezio, Mirko, Bonvicini, Walter, Borghi, Giacomo, Bozzo, Enrico, Baudin, David, Bouyjou, Florent, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Cirrincione, Daniela, De Angelis, Nicola, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Dohnal, Roman, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gao, Na, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Guedel, Manuel, Han, Xingbo, He, Huilin, Hedderman, Paul, den herder, jan-willem, Hynek, Richard, Hong, Bing, Jin, Ge, Kole, Merlin, Karas, Vladimír, Komarek, Martin, Labanti, Claudio, Li, Loghui, Li, Tianming, Liang, Hong, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, Rui, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lohering, Jen, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lu, Fang-Jun, Luo, Tao, Malcovati, Piero, Mao, Hanqi, Marinucci, Andrea, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Michalska, Małgorzata, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Novak, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Orleanski, Piotr, Ottensamer, Roland, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Pliego, Samuel, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Santangelo, Andrea, Serafinelli, Roberto, Schanne, Stéphane, Skup, Konrad, Sveda, Libor, Svoboda, Jiri, Tenzer, Christopher, Todaro, Michela, Torok, Gabreil, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Xiong, Hao, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrei, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhen, Zhou, Yupeng, and Zorzi, Nicola

Subjects
Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, EXTP, LAD, Silicon Drift Detector, X-ray timing
Abstract

The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated performance.

Published
2022

13. PixDD: a multi-pixel silicon drift detector for high-throughput spectral-timing studies

Author

Francesco Ceraudo, Filippo Ambrosino, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Riccardo Campana, Michele Caselle, Daniela Cirrincione, Irisa Dedolli, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Claudio Labanti, Pasqualino Loffredo, Giovanni Lombardi, Piero Malcovati, Filippo Mele, Alfredo Morbidini, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Antonino Tobia, Andrea Vacchi, Angela Volpe, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi

Subjects
Time-resolved spectroscopy, Single-photon detectors, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, X-ray timing, X-ray spectroscopy, Silicon Drift Detectors, ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations
Abstract

The Pixelated silicon Drift Detector (PixDD) is a two-dimensional multi-pixel X-ray sensor based on the technology of Silicon Drift Detectors, designed to solve the dead time and pile-up issues of photon-integrating imaging detectors. Read out by a two-dimensional self-triggering Application-Specific Integrated Circuit named RIGEL, to which the sensor is bump-bonded, it operates in the 0:5 — 15 keV energy range and is designed to achieve single-photon sensitivity and good spectroscopic capabilities even at room temperature or with mild cooling (< 150 eV resolution at 6 keV at 0 °C). The paper reports on the design and performance tests of the 128-pixel prototype of the fully integrated system.

Published
2022
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14. The High Energy cosmic Radiation Detector (HERD) Trigger System

Author

German Martinez, Zhi-cheng Tang, J. Casaus, V. Bonvicini, Alberto Oliva, Zheng Quan, Nicola Mori, Miguel Angel Velasco Frutos, L. Pacini, Gianluigi Zampa, Ming Xu, J. Marín, Xin Liu, Eugenio Berti, Rubén Marco, Francesca Giovacchini, N. Zampa, and Tianwei Bao

Subjects
Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), Trigger strategy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, Photodiode, law.invention, Transition radiation detector, Optics, law, business
Abstract

The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is a next generation spaceborne detector to be installed onboard the Chinese Space Station for about 10 years. HERD will address major problems in fundamental physics and astrophysics, providing precise measurements of charged-cosmic rays up to PeV energies, performing indirect searches for dark matter in the electron spectrum up to few tens of TeV and monitoring the gamma-ray skymap for surveys and transient searches. HERD is composed of a 3D imaging calorimeter (CALO) surrounded by a scintillating fiber tracker (FIT), a plastic scintillator detector (PSD) and a silicon charge detector (SCD). In addition, a transition radiation detector (TRD) is placed on a lateral side to provide accurate energy calibration. Based on this innovative design, the effective geometric factor of HERD will be one order of magnitud larger than that of current space-based detectors. The HERD trigger strategy is designed to accomplish the scientific goals of the mission, and is based on trigger definitions that rely on the energy deposited in CALO and the PSD. The trigger performances are evaluated using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation that includes the latest HERD geometry. In addition, alternative trigger definitions based on the event topology can be established thanks to the photodiode readout of CALO crystals. The feasibility of these topological triggers is also investigated and presented.

Published
2021

15. The HERMES-Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder

Author

Fabrizio Fiore, Luciano Burderi, Michelle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Paolo Lunghi, Angel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Amarilli, Filippo Ambrosino, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Alessio Anitra, Natalia Auricchio, Marco Barbera, Michele Bechini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Marco Cinelli, Marco Citossi, Aurora Clerici, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Melania Del Santo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Tiziana Di Salvo, Pavel Efremov, Marco Feroci, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Mauro Fiorini, Michele Fiorito, Filippo Frontera, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgoczi, Na Gao, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Massimo Gandola, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gomboc, Marco Grassi, Alejandro Guzman, Mile Karlica, Uros Kostic, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Ugo Lo Cicero, Borja Lopez-Fernandez, Piero Malcovati, Alessandro Maselli, Arianna Manca, Filippo Mele, Dorottya Milankovich, Gianluca Morgante, Lara Nava, Paolo Nogara, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Andras Pal, Matteo Perri, Raffaele Piazzolla, Margherita Piccinin, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Jacopo Prinetto, Giuseppe Pucacco, Alexander Rashevsky, Irina Rashevskaya, Alessandro Riggio, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Russo, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranomonte, Andrea Santangelo, Francesca Scala, Giulia Sciarrone, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Giuseppe Sottile, Tomaz Rotovnik, Christoph Tenzer, Ivan Troisi, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Norbert Werner, lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Giovanni Zanotti, ITA, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, HUN, Fiore F., Burderi L., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Evangelista Y., Campana R., Fuschino F., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Sanna A., Amarilli F., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Auricchio N., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Cao J., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Dilillo G., Di Salvo T., Efremov P., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Frontera F., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gambino A.F., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guzman A., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nava L., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piazzolla R., Piccinin M., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Rachevski A., Rashevskaya I., Riggio A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., and Zanotti G.

Subjects
CubeSats, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma Ray Bursts, Nano-satellites, X-rays, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Constellation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Modular design, Pathfinder, Sky, Temporal resolution, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder) is a constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting simple but innovative X-ray detectors, characterized by a large energy band and excellent temporal resolution, and thus optimized for the monitoring of Cosmic High Energy transients such as Gamma Ray Bursts and the electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events, and for the determination of their positions. The projects are funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research and by the Italian Space Agency, and by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 821896. HERMES-TP/SP is an in-orbit demonstration, that should be tested starting from 2022. It is intrinsically a modular experiment that can be naturally expanded to provide a global, sensitive all sky monitor for high-energy transients., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020

Published
2021
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16. Solar-cycle Variations of South Atlantic Anomaly Proton Intensities Measured with the PAMELA Mission

Author

E. Vannuccini, E. A. Bogomolov, E. Mocchiutti, C. De Santis, Sergey Koldobskiy, M. Merge, V. V. Mikhailov, Sergey Koldashov, B. Panico, Gianluigi Zampa, Alessandro Sotgiu, N. Zampa, Giancarlo Barbarino, M. Martucci, Andrea Vacchi, Roberta Sparvoli, Alexey Leonov, G. Vasilyev, Michal Simon, M. Ricci, L. Marcelli, Paolo Papini, G. Osteria, Alfonso Monaco, V. V. Malakhov, Nicola Mori, G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. Marcelli, Mirko Boezio, Massimo Bongi, A. G. Mayorov, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, A. N. Kvashnin, T. R. Zharaspayev, Per Carlson, F. Cafagna, A. Bruno, O. Adriani, W. Menn, A. Lenni, G. Castellini, Yuri Stozhkov, Y. T. Yurkin, P. Spillantini, R. Munini, S. B. Ricciarini, S. A. Voronov, V. Bonvicini, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, P. Picozza, Marco Casolino, Bruno, A., Martucci, M., Cafagna, F. S., Sparvoli, R., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Lenni, A., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Marcelli, N., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merg, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zharaspayev, T. R.

Subjects
Proton, Van Allen radiation belts, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, symbols.namesake, Physics - Space Physics, Particle radiation, Cosmic rays, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, Settore FIS/01, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Van Allen radiation belts, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Solar cycle, South Atlantic Anomaly, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Van Allen radiation belt, Antimatter, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract

We present a study of the solar-cycle variations of >80 MeV proton flux intensities in the lower edge of the inner radiation belt, based on the measurements of the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) mission. The analyzed data sample covers an ~8 year interval from 2006 July to 2014 September, thus spanning from the decaying phase of the 23rd solar cycle to the maximum of the 24th cycle. We explored the intensity temporal variations as a function of drift shell and proton energy, also providing an explicit investigation of the solar-modulation effects at different equatorial pitch angles. PAMELA observations offer new important constraints for the modeling of low-altitude particle radiation environment at the highest trapping energies., accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2021

17. ORION, a Multi-Chip Readout Electronics for Satellite Wide Energy Range X-/γ-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy: design and characterization of the analog section

Author

Andrea Vacchi, F. Fuschino, Ezequiel Marchesini, Lorenzo Amati, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Irina Rashevskaya, E. Demenev, Giacomo Borghi, Piero Malcovati, A. Rachevski, E. Virgilli, Nicola Zorzi, N. Zampa, Riccardo Campana, Filippo Frontera, Pierluigi Bellutti, Antonino Picciotto, Marco Grassi, M. Fiorini, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Ficorella, F. Mele, Irisa Dedolli, M. Gandola, and Gianluigi Zampa

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Silicon drift detector, Chipset, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Imaging spectrometer, Silicon Drift Detectors, Scintillator, Crystals, Transient analysis, Optics, ASIC, Bars, Detectors, Photonics, Radiation detectors electronics, Readout electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, Scintillation, business.industry, Dynamic range, Chip, Pulse shaping, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, business
Abstract

The ORION chipset, a full-custom multi-chip readout and processing electronics for the X-γ Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) on-board the THESEUS space mission, is presented. The XGIS detection plane is arranged in a matrix of 10×10 detection modules, each one composed by 64 CsI(Tl) scintillation bars (4.5 mm×4.5 mm×30 mm) optically coupled at the top and bottom ends to two 8×8 monolithic Silicon Drift Detector matrices. The top SDD, exposed to the X-ray entrance window, performs the double function of low-energy X-ray detection as well as scintillator’s readout, together with the bottom SDD, providing a detection and spectroscopic energy range from 2 keV up to 20 MeV. The need to achieve a high energy resolution, as well as a high sensitive area on the detection plane, led to the development of a chipset organized to have a minimum-area analog readout chip placed in close proximity of the SDD (ORION-FE) and a mixed-signal back-end (ORION-BE) placed a few centimeters further on the back-end board for the additional signal processing and digitization. The multi-chip readout electronics integrates two dedicated analog processors for low-energy photons up to 30 keV (X-processor) and high-energy photons up to 5 MeV (γ-processor), allowing a spectroscopy-grade resolution in the 4 decades energy band (2 keV–20 MeV) of the XGIS, with a simulated power consumption of 1.55 mW/pixel. The ORION prototype was bonded to two ~25mm2 SDDs, and extensively characterized in terms of pulse shaping, pulse discrimination and stretching functionality, as well as linearity, dynamic range and spectroscopic resolution. An optimum Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) at –20°C of 24.3 el. r.m.s. on the X-channel (212 eV FWHM on Si), and 39.6 el. r.m.s. on the γ-channel (3.7 keV FWHM on CsI(Tl)) has been recorded.

Published
2021

18. Timing techniques applied to distributed modular high-energy astronomy: the H.E.R.M.E.S. project

Author

Andrea Sanna, Luciano Burderi, Tiziana Di Salvo, Fabrizio Fiore, Alessandro Riggio, Angelo Gambino, Michèle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Paolo Lunghi, Ángel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Fabrizio Amarilli, Filippo Ambrosino, Giavanni Amelino-Camelia, Alessio Anitra, Marco Barbera, Michele Bechini, Paolo Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Matteo Cinelli, Marco Citossi, Aurora Clerici, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Melania Del Santo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Pavel Efremov, Marco Feroci, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Mauro Fiorini, Michele Fiorito, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgoczi, Na Gao, Massimo Gandola, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gamboc, Marco Grassi, Cristiano Guidorzi, Alejandro Guzman, Rosario Iaria, Mile Karlica, Uros Kostic, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Ugo Lo Cicero, Borja Loper Fernandez, Piero Malcovati, Alessandro Maselli, Arianna Manca, Filippo Mele, Dorottya Milankovich, Gianluca Morgante, Lara Nava, Paolo Nogara, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Andras Pal, Matteo Perri, Margherita Piccinin, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Jacopo Prinetto, Giuseppe Pucacco, Irina Rashevskaya, Alexander Rashevsky, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Russo, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranamonte, Andrea Santangelo, Francesca Scala, Giulia Sciarrone, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Giuseppe Sottile, Tomaz Rotovnik, Christoph Tenzer, Ivan Troisi, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgili, Norbert Werner, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Giovanni Zanotti, den Herder, J-W A, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Sanna A., Gambino A.F., Burderi L., Riggio A., Di Salvo T., Fiore F., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Evangelista Y., Campana R., Fuschino F., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Amarilli F., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Cao J., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Dilillo G., Efremov P., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guidorzi C., Guzman A., Iaria R., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nava L., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Piazzolla R., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Rashevskaya I., Rashevski A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zanotti G., ITA, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, and HUN

Subjects
CubeSats, High energy, High-energy astronomy, Real-time computing, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Nano-satellites, Temporal triangulation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Modular design, Pathfinder, Temporal resolution, Gamma Ray Bursts, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites -- Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder) is an in-orbit demonstration of the so-called distributed astronomy concept. Conceived as a mini-constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting a new miniaturized detector, HERMES-TP/SP aims at the detection and accurate localisation of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts. The large energy band, the excellent temporal resolution and the wide field of view that characterize the detectors of the constellation represent the key features for the next generation high-energy all-sky monitor with good localisation capabilities that will play a pivotal role in the future of Multi-messenger Astronomy. In this work, we will describe in detail the temporal techniques that allow the localisation of bright transient events taking advantage of their almost simultaneous observation by spatially spaced detectors. Moreover, we will quantitatively discuss the all-sky monitor capabilities of the HERMES Pathfinder as well as its achievable accuracies on the localisation of the detected Gamma-Ray Bursts., 19 pages, 13 figures, Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020

Published
2020

19. The scientific payload on-board the HERMES-TP and HERMES-SP CubeSat missions

Author

Yuri Evangelista, Fabrizio Fiore, Fabio Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ceraudo, Evgeny Demenev, Alejandro Guzman, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Mauro Fiorini, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Filippo Mele, Gianluca Morgante, Paolo Nogara, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego Caballero, Irina Rashevskaya, Francesco Russo, Giulia Sciarrone, Giuseppe Sottile, Dorottya Milankovich, András Pál, Filippo Ambrosino, Natalia Auricchio, Marco Barbera, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Jiewei Cao, Tianxiang Chen, Giuseppe Dilillo, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Ugo Lo Cicero, Piero Malcovati, Alfredo Morbidini, Giovanni Pauletta, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Andrea Santangelo, Chistoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Nicola Zorzi, Luciano Burderi, Michèle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Paolo Lunghi, Angel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Amarilli, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Michele Bechini, Marco Citossi, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Marco Cinelli, Melania Del Santo, Tiziana Di Salvo, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Michele Fiorito, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgóczi, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gomboc, Mile Karlica, Pavel Efremov, Uros Kostic, Aurora Clerici, Borja Lopez Fernandez, Alessandro Maselli, Lara Nava, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Matteo Perri, Margherita Piccinin, Jacopo Prinetto, Alessandro Riggio, Jakub Ripa, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranomonte, Francesca Scala, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Tomaz Rotovnik, Enrico Virgilli, Ivan Troisi, Norbert Werner, Giovanni Zanotti, Alessio Anitra, Arianna Manca, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shouleh Nikzad, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Evangelista Y., Fiore F., Fuschino F., Campana R., Ceraudo F., Demenev E., Guzman A., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Fiorini M., Gandola M., Grassi M., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nogara P., Pal A., Piazzolla R., Pliego Caballero S., Rashevskaya I., Russo F., Sciarrone G., Sottile G., Ambrosino F., Auricchio N., Barbera M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Borghi G., Cao J., Chen T., Dilillo G., Feroci M., Ficorella F., Lo Cicero U., Malcovati P., Morbidini A., Pauletta G., Picciotto A., Rachevski A., Santangelo A., Tenzer C., Vacchi A., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zorzi N., Burderi L., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Sanna A., Amarilli F., Amelino-Camelia G., Bechini M., Citossi M., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Cinelli M., Del Santo M., Di Salvo T., Anitra A., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorito M., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gambino A.F., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Karlica M., Efremov P., Kostic U., Clerici A., Lopez Fernandez B., Manca A., Maselli A., Nava L., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Prinetto J., Riggio A., Ripa J., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Scala F., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Rotovnik T., Troisi I., Virgilli E., Werner N., Zanotti G., ITA, ESP, CZE, SVN, and HUN

Subjects
Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, CubeSat, Transient (computer programming), Aerospace engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Payload, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Steradian, Satellite, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) Technological and Scientific pathfinder is a space borne mission based on a LEO constellation of nano-satellites. The 3U CubeSat buses host new miniaturized detectors to probe the temporal emission of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). Fast transient localization, in a field of view of several steradians and with arcmin-level accuracy, is gained by comparing time delays among the same event detection epochs occurred on at least 3 nano-satellites. With a launch date in 2022, HERMES transient monitoring represents a keystone capability to complement the next generation of gravitational wave experiments. In this paper we will illustrate the HERMES payload design, highlighting the technical solutions adopted to allow a wide-energy-band and sensitive X-ray and gamma-ray detector to be accommodated in a CubeSat 1U volume together with its complete control electronics and data handling system., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020

Published
2020
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20. The XGIS instrument on-board THESEUS: the detection plane and on-board electronics

Author

Fuschino, Fabio, primary, Campana, Riccardo, additional, Labanti, Claudio, additional, Amati, Lorenzo, additional, Virgilli, Enrico, additional, Terenzi, Luca, additional, Bellutti, Pierluigi, additional, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, additional, Borghi, Giacomo, additional, Ficorella, Francesco, additional, Gandola, Massimo, additional, Grassi, Marco, additional, La Rosa, Giovanni, additional, Lorenzi, Paolo, additional, Malcovati, Piero, additional, Mele, Filippo, additional, Orleański, Piotr, additional, Picciotto, Antonino, additional, Rachevski, Alexandre, additional, Rashevskaya, Irina, additional, Santangelo, Andrea, additional, Sarra, Paolo, additional, Sottile, Giuseppe, additional, Tenzer, Christoph, additional, Vacchi, Andrea, additional, Gianluigi, Zampa, additional, Zampa, Nicola, additional, Zorzi, Nicola, additional, hedderman, Paul, additional, Winkler, M., additional, Gemelli, Alessandro, additional, Kuvvetli, Ifran, additional, Pedersen, Søren Møller, additional, Tcherniak, Denis, additional, and Bune Jensen, Lucas Christoffer, additional

Published
2020
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21. Towards a multi-element silicon drift detector system for fluorescence spectroscopy in the soft X-ray regime

Author

M. Ahangarianabhari, Antonino Picciotto, Sergio Carrato, A. Rachevski, George Kourousias, Andrea Stolfa, R.H. Menk, Claudio Piemonte, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Nicola Zorzi, Sergio Fabiani, N. Zampa, Gabriele Giacomini, Matteo Altissimo, M. Gandola, Giuseppe Cautero, Gianluigi Zampa, Pierluigi Bellutti, S. Schillani, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Andres Cicuttin, Jernej Bufon, Roberto Borghes, Dario Giuressi, Andrea Vacchi, Maria Liz Crespo, and Irina Rashevskaya

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Physics, Signal processing, Silicon drift detector, business.industry, Detector, Integrated circuit, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Synchrotron, law.invention, Optics, Beamline, law, business, Spectroscopy, Energy (signal processing), 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In spite of the constant technological improvements in the field of detector development, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in the soft X-ray regime remains a challenge. The low intrinsic fluorescence yield for energies below 2 keV indeed renders the applicability of low-energy XRF still difficult. Here, we report on a new multi-element multi-tile detection system currently under development, designed to be integrated into a soft X-ray microscopy end station. The system will be installed at the TwinMic beamline of Elettra synchrotron (Trieste, Italy) in order to increase the detected count rate by up to an order of magnitude. The new architecture is very versatile and can be adapted to any XRF experimental setup. Even though the first results of the previous version of such a multi-element system were encouraging, several issues still needed to be addressed. The system described here represents a further step in the detector evolution. It is based on four trapezoidal-shaped monolithic silicon drift detector tiles (matrices) with six hexagonal elements each equipped with a custom ultra-low noise application-specific integrated circuit readout. The whole signal processing chain has been improved leading to an overall increase in performances, namely, in terms of energy resolution and acquisition rates. The design and development of this new detection system will be described, and recent results obtained at the TwinMic beamline at Elettra will be presented. Future perspectives and improvements will also be discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2017

22. Front-end Electronics for the GAPS Tracker

Author

Valerio Re, Lorenzo Fabris, Massimo Manghisoni, F. Perfetto, E. Riceputi, A. Boiano, Giuseppe Osteria, Valentina Scotti, Gianluigi Zampa, Scotti, V., Boiano, A., Fabris, L., Manghisoni, M., Osteria, G., Perfetto, F., Re, V., Riceputi, E., and Zampa, G.

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, silicon sensors, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Dark matter, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Signal, Particle identification, Optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, microelectronics, Wide dynamic range, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) is an Antarctic balloon-borne mission to indirectly search for dark matter through sensitive observation of cosmic antiparticles. The first flight is planned for late 2021. GAPS is the first experiment optimized specifically for detection of low-energy (< 0.25 GeV/n) antideuterons, which are recognized as distinctive signals from dark matter annihilation or decay in the Galactic halo. To achieve high sensitivity to cosmic antinuclei in this low-energy range, GAPS uses a novel particle identification method based on exotic atom capture and decay. The GAPS instrument consists of ten planes of 1440 10 cm-diameter, 2.5 mm-thick, 8-strip lithium drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detectors, which constitutes the tracker, surrounded by a plastic scintillator time-of-flight system. A new fabrication technique has been developed to satisfy the stringent requirements of the mission. In this contribution, we describe the front-end electronics of the tracker of GAPS. The system is composed of front-end ASICs and power supplies. The ASICs provide readout and digitization of the signal (with an 11-bit ADC) in a wide dynamic range (10 keV - 100 MeV). Every ASIC has 32 channels and performs the readout for 4 detectors, for a total amount of 11520 channels. The ASIC analog front-end is based on a dynamic compression technique to handle a large range of signal amplitudes and features a low noise performance, achieving the required 4 keV resolution at low energies. The power system supplies both bias voltages for the Si(Li) detectors and low voltages for the electronics. 36th, 7 pages, 3 figures 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference -ICRC2019- July 24th - August 1st

Published
2019

23. The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

Author

ShuangNan Zhang, Andrea Santangelo, Marco Feroci, YuPeng Xu, FangJun Lu, Yong Chen, Hua Feng, Shu Zhang, Søren Brandt, Margarita Hernanz, Luca Baldini, Enrico Bozzo, Riccardo Campana, Alessandra De Rosa, YongWei Dong, Yuri Evangelista, Vladimir Karas, Norbert Meidinger, Aline Meuris, Kirpal Nandra, Teng Pan, Giovanni Pareschi, Piotr Orleanski, QiuShi Huang, Stephane Schanne, Giorgia Sironi, Daniele Spiga, Jiri Svoboda, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Christoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Silvia Zane, Dave Walton, ZhanShan Wang, Berend Winter, Xin Wu, Jean J. M. in’ t Zand, Mahdi Ahangarianabhari, Giovanni Ambrosi, Filippo Ambrosino, Marco Barbera, Stefano Basso, Jörg Bayer, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Bruna Bertucci, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, XueLei Cao, Franck Cadoux, Francesco Ceraudo, TianXiang Chen, YuPeng Chen, Jerome Chevenez, Marta Civitani, Wei Cui, WeiWei Cui, Thomas Dauser, Ettore Del Monte, Sergio Di Cosimo, Sebastian Diebold, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovciak, YuanYuan Du, Lorenzo Ducci, QingMei Fan, Yannick Favre, Fabio Fuschino, José Luis Gálvez, Min Gao, MingYu Ge, Olivier Gevin, Marco Grassi, QuanYing Gu, YuDong Gu, DaWei Han, Bin Hong, Wei Hu, Long Ji, ShuMei Jia, WeiChun Jiang, Thomas Kennedy, Ingo Kreykenbohm, Irfan Kuvvetli, Claudio Labanti, Luca Latronico, Gang Li, MaoShun Li, Xian Li, Wei Li, ZhengWei Li, Olivier Limousin, HongWei Liu, XiaoJing Liu, Bo Lu, Tao Luo, Daniele Macera, Piero Malcovati, Adrian Martindale, Malgorzata Michalska, Bin Meng, Massimo Minuti, Alfredo Morbidini, Fabio Muleri, Stephane Paltani, Emanuele Perinati, Antonino Picciotto, Claudio Piemonte, JinLu Qu, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Jerome Rodriguez, Thomas Schanz, ZhengXiang Shen, LiZhi Sheng, JiangBo Song, LiMing Song, Carmelo Sgro, Liang Sun, Ying Tan, Phil Uttley, Bo Wang, DianLong Wang, GuoFeng Wang, Juan Wang, LangPing Wang, YuSa Wang, Anna L. Watts, XiangYang Wen, Jörn Wilms, ShaoLin Xiong, JiaWei Yang, Sheng Yang, YanJi Yang, Nian Yu, WenDa Zhang, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrzej A. Zdziarski, AiMei Zhang, ChengMo Zhang, Fan Zhang, Long Zhang, Tong Zhang, Yi Zhang, XiaoLi Zhang, ZiLiang Zhang, BaoSheng Zhao, ShiJie Zheng, YuPeng Zhou, Nicola Zorzi, J. Frans Zwart, ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, DNK, POL, CZE, CHN, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, eXTP, Zhang, ShuangNan, Santangelo, Andrea, Feroci, Marco, Xu, YuPeng, Lu, FangJun, Chen, Yong, Feng, Hua, Zhang, Shu, Brandt, Søren, Hernanz, Margarita, Baldini, Luca, Bozzo, Enrico, Campana, Riccardo, De Rosa, Alessandra, Dong, YongWei, Evangelista, Yuri, Karas, Vladimir, Meidinger, Norbert, Meuris, Aline, Nandra, Kirpal, Pan, Teng, Pareschi, Giovanni, Orleanski, Piotr, Huang, QiuShi, Schanne, Stephane, Sironi, Giorgia, Spiga, Daniele, Svoboda, Jiri, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Tenzer, Christoph, Vacchi, Andrea, Zane, Silvia, Walton, Dave, Wang, ZhanShan, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, in’ t Zand, Jean J. M., Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Barbera, Marco, Basso, Stefano, Bayer, Jörg, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Borghi, Giacomo, Cao, XueLei, Cadoux, Franck, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, TianXiang, Chen, YuPeng, Chevenez, Jerome, Civitani, Marta, Cui, Wei, Cui, WeiWei, Dauser, Thoma, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Diebold, Sebastian, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovciak, Michal, Du, YuanYuan, Ducci, Lorenzo, Fan, QingMei, Favre, Yannick, Fuschino, Fabio, Gálvez, José Lui, Gao, Min, Ge, MingYu, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Gu, QuanYing, Gu, YuDong, Han, DaWei, Hong, Bin, Hu, Wei, Ji, Long, Jia, ShuMei, Jiang, WeiChun, Kennedy, Thoma, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Labanti, Claudio, Latronico, Luca, Li, Gang, Li, MaoShun, Li, Xian, Li, Wei, Li, ZhengWei, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, HongWei, Liu, XiaoJing, Lu, Bo, Luo, Tao, Macera, Daniele, Malcovati, Piero, Martindale, Adrian, Michalska, Malgorzata, Meng, Bin, Minuti, Massimo, Morbidini, Alfredo, Muleri, Fabio, Paltani, Stephane, Perinati, Emanuele, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Qu, JinLu, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rodriguez, Jerome, Schanz, Thoma, Shen, ZhengXiang, Sheng, LiZhi, Song, JiangBo, Song, LiMing, Sgro, Carmelo, Sun, Liang, Tan, Ying, Uttley, Phil, Wang, Bo, Wang, DianLong, Wang, GuoFeng, Wang, Juan, Wang, LangPing, Wang, YuSa, Watts, Anna L., Wen, XiangYang, Wilms, Jörn, Xiong, ShaoLin, Yang, JiaWei, Yang, Sheng, Yang, YanJi, Yu, Nian, Zhang, WenDa, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, AiMei, Zhang, ChengMo, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, XiaoLi, Zhang, ZiLiang, Zhao, BaoSheng, Zheng, ShiJie, Zhou, YuPeng, Zorzi, Nicola, Zwart, J. Frans, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
Gravity (chemistry), Computer science, space mission: eXTP, X-ray timing, Polarimetry, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics and Astronomy (all), Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Observatory, X-ray instrumentation, 0103 physical sciences, X-ray polarimetry, Ground segment, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spacecraft, sezele, business.industry, Payload, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Space Science, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission - eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources. The paper provides a detailed description of: (1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload; (2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment., Accepted for publication on Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. (2019)

Published
2019

24. Large-area Si(Li) Detectors for X-ray Spectrometry and Particle Tracking for the GAPS Experiment

Author

Massimo Manghisoni, S. McBride, Hideyuki Fuke, N. Saffold, Masayoshi Kozai, Steven E. Boggs, Lorenzo Fabris, Norman W. Madden, Alex Lowell, Gianluigi Zampa, Valerio Re, F. Rogers, Charles J. Hailey, E. Riceputi, Mengjiao Xiao, T. Erjavec, K. Perez, and Y. Shimizu

Subjects
Antiparticle, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, silicon sensors, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Tracking (particle physics), Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Dark matter, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Exotic atom, Physics, Annihilation, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Charged particle, chemistry, microelectronics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

© 2019 IEEE. Large-area lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detectors, operable 150°C above liquid nitrogen temperature, have been developed for the General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) balloon mission and will form the first such system to operate in space. These 10 cm-diameter, 2.5 mm-thick multi-strip detectors have been verified in the lab to provide < 4 keV FWHM energy resolution for X-rays as well as tracking capability for charged particles, while operating in conditions (~-40C and ~1 Pa) achievable on a long-duration balloon mission with a large detector payload. These characteristics enable the GAPS silicon tracker system to identify cosmic antinuclei via a novel technique based on exotic atom formation, de-excitation, and annihilation. Production and large-scale calibration of ~1000 detectors has begun for the first GAPS flight, scheduled for late 2021. The detectors developed for GAPS may also have other applications, for example in heavy nuclei identification.

Published
2019
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25. A new approach to calorimetry in space-based experiments for high-energy cosmic rays

Author

M. Duranti, S. B. Ricciarini, Piergiulio Lenzi, Miriam Olmi, E. Vannuccini, Anna Vedda, Noemi Finetti, Maria Grazia Pellegriti, V. Bonvicini, Gabriele Bigongiari, Massimo Bongi, Eugenio Berti, Jung Eun Suh, Sebastiano Albergo, Alessio Tiberio, A. Sciuto, F. Stolzi, S. Bonechi, Lucrezia Auditore, Marina Trimarchi, Maria Ionica, Paolo Papini, S. Detti, Gianluigi Silvestre, P. W. Cattaneo, Paolo Maestro, S. Bottai, N. Zampa, Antonio Trifiro, G. Orzan, Giovanni Ambrosi, Gigi Cappello, P. S. Marrocchesi, O. Adriani, A. Rappoldi, L. Pacini, Valerio Formato, A. Sulaj, Antonio Italiano, Lorenzo Bonechi, Mauro Fasoli, Paolo Brogi, Nicola Mori, Gianluigi Zampa, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Alessia Tricomi, A. Basti, O. Starodubtsev, Bigongiari, G, Adriani, O, Albergo, S, Ambrosi, G, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Cattaneo, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Duranti, M, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Formato, V, Ionica, M, Italiano, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Sciuto, A, Silvestre, G, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, and Zampa, N

Subjects
lcsh:QC793-793.5, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Monte Carlo method, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Calorimetry, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Physics and Astronomy (all), Astroparticle, 0103 physical sciences, 7-ray astronomy, Astroparticles, Cosmic rays, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010306 general physics, ++++γ<%2Fmml%3Ami>+<%2Fmml%3Amrow>+<%2Fmml%3Asemantics>+<%2Fmml%3Amath>+<%2Finline-formula><%2Fnamed-content>-ray+astronomy%22"> γ -ray astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, lcsh:Elementary particle physics, Detector, Computational physics, γ -ray astronomy
Abstract

Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in this region are mainly derived from data collected by ground-based detectors, because of the very low particle rates at these energies. Unfortunately, these results are affected by the high uncertainties typical of indirect measurements, which depend on the complicated modeling of the interaction of the primary particle with the atmosphere. A space experiment dedicated to measurements in this energy region has to achieve a balance between the requirements of lightness and compactness, with that of a large acceptance to cope with the low particle rates. CaloCube is a four-year-old R&amp, D project, approved and financed by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter. The large acceptance needed is obtained by maximizing the number of entrance windows, while thanks to its homogeneity and high segmentation this new detector achieves an excellent energy resolution and an enhanced separation power between hadrons and electrons. In order to optimize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals, and different spacings among them have been performed making use of MonteCarlo simulations. In parallel to simulations studies, several prototypes instrumented with CsI(Tl) (Caesium Iodide, Tallium doped) cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams. Moreover, the last development of CaloCube, the Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project, financed by the INFN in 2018, is focused on the feasibility of including several silicon layers at different depths in the calorimeter in order to reconstruct the particle direction. In fact, an important requirement for &gamma, ray astronomy is to have a good angular resolution in order to allow precise identification of astrophysical sources in space. In respect to the traditional approach of using a tracker with passive material in front of the calorimeter, the TIC solution can save a significant amount of mass budget in a space satellite experiment, which can then be exploited to improve the acceptance and the resolution of the calorimeter. In this paper, the status of the project and perspectives for future developments are presented.

Published
2019

26. The wide field monitor onboard the eXTP mission

Author

Irina Rashevskaya, Andrea Vacchi, Alexander Rachevski, Niels Lund, Carl Budtz-Jorgensen, Ettore Del Monte, Andrea Argan, F. Ambrosino, Tianxiang Cheng, Shu Zhang, Fanjung Lu, Frans Zwart, Chris Tenzer, José Luis Gálvez, Yuri Evangelista, Enrico Bozzo, Yupeng Xu, Aline Meris, Olivier Limousin, Nicola Zorzi, Antonino Picciotto, Francesco Ficorella, Giacomo Borghi, Pierluigi Bellutti, Nicola Zampa, Gianluigi Zampa, Claudio Labanti, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, Carlos Mansanet, Poul Erik Olsen, Shuangnan Zhang, Jean in't Zand, Xin Wu, Stéphane Schanne, Andrea Santangelo, Piotr Orleański, Marco Feroci, Margarita Hernanz, Søren K. Brandt, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and eXTP

Subjects
Computer science, X-ray timing, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Silicon Drift Detectors, Field of view, Context (language use), coded mask imaging, compact objects, eXTP, gamma-ray bursts, LOFT, X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Payload, Suite, Detector, Orbit (dynamics), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The eXTP (enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry) mission is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and China National Space Administration (CNSA) currently performing an extended phase A study and proposed for a launch by 2025 in a low-earth orbit. The eXTP scientific payload envisages a suite of instruments (Spectroscopy Focusing Array, Polarimetry Focusing Array, Large Area Detector and Wide Field Monitor) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. A large European consortium is contributing to the eXTP study and it is expected to provide key hardware elements, including a Wide Field Monitor (WFM). The WFM instrument for eXTP is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission within the ESA context. The eXTP/WFM envisages a wide field X-ray monitor system in the 2-50 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors. The WFM will consist of 3 pairs of coded mask cameras with a total combined Field of View (FoV) of 90x180 degrees at zero response and a source localization accuracy of ~1 arcmin. In this paper we provide an overview of the WFM instrument design, including new elements with respect to the earlier LOFT configuration, and anticipated performance., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, to appear in proceedings of SPIE, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

Published
2018

27. An Indirect Dark Matter Search Using Cosmic-Ray Antiparticles with GAPS

Author

Florian Gahbauer, Ralph Bird, N. Saffold, William W. Craig, Charles J. Hailey, A. Yoshida, Gianluigi Zampa, G. Osteria, R. A. Ong, Mirko Boezio, F. Rogers, Yuki Shimizu, Shun Okazaki, S. Quinn, R. Carr, Steven E. Boggs, Hideyuki Fuke, Akiko Kawachi, C. Gerrity, Lorenzo Fabris, Jeffrey Zweerink, Masayoshi Kozai, K. Perez, Tetsuya Yoshida, J.L. Ryan, Philip von Doetinchem, Kazuoki Munakata, Tsuguo Aramaki, A. Lowell, Isaac Mognet, Chihiro Kato, Valerio Re, and A. Stoessl

Subjects
Physics, Antiparticle, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Annihilation, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Time of flight, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Antiproton, Nuclear Experiment, Exotic atom
Abstract

Experiments aiming to directly detect dark matter (DM) particles have yet to make robust detections, thus underscoring the need for complementary approaches such as searches for new particles at colliders, and indirect DM searches in cosmic-ray spectra. Low energy (< 0.25 GeV/n) cosmic-ray antiparticles such as antideuterons are strong candidates for probing DM models, as the yield of these particles from DM processes can exceed the astrophysical background by more than two orders of magnitude. The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS), a balloon borne cosmic-ray detector, will perform an ultra-low background measurement of the cosmic antideuteron flux in the regime < 0.25 GeV/n, which will constrain a wide range of DM models. GAPS will also detect approximately 1000 antiprotons in an unexplored energy range throughout one long duration balloon (LDB) flight, which will constrain < 10 GeV DM models and validate the GAPS detection technique. Unlike magnetic spectrometers, GAPS relies on the formation of an exotic atom within the tracker in order to identify antiparticles. The GAPS tracker consists of ten layers of lithium-drifted silicon detectors which record dE/dx deposits from primary and nuclear annihilation product tracks, as well as measure the energy of the exotic atom deexcitation X-rays. A two-layer, plastic scintillator time of flight (TOF) system surrounds the tracker and measures the particle velocity, dE/dx deposits, and provides a fast trigger to the tracker. The nuclear annihilation product multiplicity, deexcitation X-ray energies, TOF, and stopping depth are all used together to discern between antiparticle species. This presentation provided an overview of the GAPS experiment, an update on the construction of the tracker and TOF systems, and a summary of the expected performance of GAPS in light of the upcoming LDB flight from McMurdo Station, Antarctica in 2020., 4 pages, 3 figures, The 39th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP2018), Seoul, Korea

Published
2018
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28. Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed by the PAMELA Mission

Author

G. Osteria, Sergey Koldashov, Nicola Mori, Mirko Boezio, S. Y. Krutkov, A. V. Karelin, S. A. Voronov, Massimo Bongi, Yu. T. Yurkin, Alfonso Monaco, L. Marcelli, E. R. Christian, Sergey Koldobskiy, V. Di Felice, G. Castellini, G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. Zampa, Roberto Bellotti, V. V. Malakhov, A. M. Galper, Ian G. Richardson, Yuri Stozhkov, W. Menn, S. Bottai, E. Vannuccini, E. A. Bogomolov, M. Ricci, Roberta Sparvoli, A. N. Kvashnin, Marco Casolino, P. Spillantini, Alexey Leonov, Giancarlo Barbarino, R. Munini, G. Vasilyev, O. Adriani, Per Carlson, James M. Ryan, Andrea Vacchi, Michal Simon, S. B. Ricciarini, A. Bruno, G. A. de Nolfo, A. G. Mayorov, V. Bonvicini, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, E. Mocchiutti, Steven Stochaj, P. Picozza, M. Merge, C. De Santis, B. Panico, Gianluigi Zampa, M. Martucci, Paolo Papini, V. V. Mikhailov, F. Cafagna, Bruno, A., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Boezio, M., Christian, E. R., Nolfo, G. A. D., Martucci, M., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Santis, C. D., Felice, V. D., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
coronal mass ejections (CMEs), Sun: flares, space vehicle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, acceleration of particles, solar-terrestrial relations, space vehicles, Sun: particle emission, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Acceleration, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particle, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Sun: flare, solar-terrestrial relation, Solar energetic particles, Settore FIS/04, Shock (mechanics), Particle acceleration, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Antimatter, Physics::Space Physics, Particle
Abstract

Despite the significant progress achieved in recent years, the physical mechanisms underlying the origin of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still a matter of debate. The complex nature of both particle acceleration and transport poses challenges to developing a universal picture of SEP events that encompasses both the low-energy (from tens of keV to a few hundreds of MeV) observations made by space-based instruments and the GeV particles detected by the worldwide network of neutron monitors in ground-level enhancements (GLEs). The high-precision data collected by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) satellite experiment offer a unique opportunity to study the SEP fluxes between $\sim$80 MeV and a few GeV, significantly improving the characterization of the most energetic events. In particular, PAMELA can measure for the first time with good accuracy the spectral features at moderate and high energies, providing important constraints for current SEP models. In addition, the PAMELA observations allow the relationship between low and high-energy particles to be investigated, enabling a clearer view of the SEP origin. No qualitative distinction between the spectral shapes of GLE, sub-GLE and non-GLE events is observed, suggesting that GLEs are not a separate class, but are the subset of a continuous distribution of SEP events that are more intense at high energies. While the spectral forms found are to be consistent with diffusive shock acceleration theory, which predicts spectral rollovers at high energies that are attributed to particles escaping the shock region during acceleration, further work is required to explore the relative influences of acceleration and transport processes on SEP spectra., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables

Published
2018

29. CaloCube: A new-concept calorimeter for the detection of high-energy cosmic rays in space

Author

Anna Vedda, E. Vannuccini, P. Papini, G. Castellini, O. Adriani, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Lorenzo Bonechi, A. Basti, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Sulaj, O. Starodubtsev, Gianluigi Zampa, G. Orzan, P. Spillantini, A. Tricomi, Maria Miritello, Antoniangelo Agnesi, L. Auditore, S. Albergo, J. E. Suh, M. Olmi, Emilio Berti, Mauro Fasoli, Nicola Mori, B. Zerbo, M. Bongi, S. Bonechi, Paolo Maestro, M. Trimarchi, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Lenzi, Gabriele Bigongiari, P. S. Marrocchesi, Paolo Brogi, Federico Pirzio, N. Finetti, A. Rappoldi, N. Zampa, G. Carotenuto, A. Tiberio, S. Detti, V. Bonvicini, S. Bottai, A. Trifiro, F. Stolzi, L. Pacini, M. G. Pellegriti, Vannuccini, E, Adriani, O, Agnesi, A, Albergo, S, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bigongiari, G, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Carotenuto, G, Castellini, G, Cattaneo, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Miritello, M, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Pirzio, F, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Spillantini, P, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, and Zerbo, B

Subjects
Scintillating crystal, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Cosmic ray, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Scintillating crystals, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Calorimeter, Basis (linear algebra), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Isotropy, Computational physics, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Granularity
Abstract

The direct observation of high-energy cosmic rays, up to the PeV region, will increasingly rely on highly performing calorimeters, and the physics performance will be primarily determined by their geometrical acceptance and energy resolution. Thus, it is extremely important to optimize their geometrical design, granularity, and absorption depth, with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, which is among the most important constraints for a space mission. Calocube is a homogeneous calorimeter whose basic geometry is cubic and isotropic, so as to detect particles arriving from every direction in space, thus maximizing the acceptance; granularity is obtained by filling the cubic volume with small cubic scintillating crystals. This design forms the basis of a three-year R & D activity which has been approved and financed by INFN. A comparative study of different scintillating materials has been performed. Optimal values for the size of the crystals and spacing among them have been studied. Different geometries, besides the cubic one, and the possibility to implement dual-readout techniques have been investigated. A prototype, instrumented with CsI(Tl) cubic crystals, has been constructed and tested with particle beams. An overview of the obtained results will be presented and the perspectives for future space experiments will be discussed.

Published
2017

30. Searching for cosmic ray anisotropy using the calorimeter in the PAMELA experiment

Author

A. V. Karelin, Nicola Mori, W. Menn, Y. Wu, Andrea Vacchi, S. V. Borisov, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Giovanna Jerse, M. F. Runtso, A. M. Galper, R. Belotti, S. A. Voronov, A. N. Kvashnin, A. G. Mayorov, P. Picozza, C. Pizzolotto, Mirko Boezio, G. I. Vasilyev, R. Carbone, P. Spillantini, A. Bruno, L. Consiglio, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, C. De Santis, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Alfonso Monaco, N. De Simone, Laura Rossetto, Yu. T. Yurkin, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, G. Castellini, Yu. I. Stozhkov, Giuseppe Osteria, Gianluigi Zampa, S. Bottai, V. V. Malakhov, V. G. Zverev, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, M. Bongi, E. A. Bogomolov, N. Zampa, Roberta Sparvoli, A. A. Leonov, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, L. Marcelli, O. Adriani, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, F. Cafagna, I. A. Danilchenko, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, E. Mocchiutti, M. Simon, V. Di Felice, V. Malvezzi, V. Bonvicini, A., Karelin, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R., Belotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. h., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, Y., Wu, A., Galper, I., Danilchenko, M. D., Pascale, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, G., Jerse, V., Zverev, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R. h., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, A., Kvashnin, S., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, Consiglio, Lucia, S., Krutkov, A., Leonov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, A., Mayorov, V., Malakhov, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Osteria, Giuseppe, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, M., Runtso, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, and Y., Yurkin

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Scintillation, genetic structures, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Electron, Radiation, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Calorimeters, law, A-particles, Cosmic ray anisotropy, Cosmic ray spectra, Electron component, Experiment study, Nuclear components, Position sensitive, Secondary particle, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Anisotropy, Cosmic rays, Experiment, Anisotropy
Abstract

The satellite-borne PAMELA experiment studies cosmic ray spectra over a wide range of energies. The instrument was placed in orbit in June 2006 and remains there to the present day. A position-sensitive calorimeter is one of the main parts of the PAMELA instrument. The calorimeter data are used to determine the energy of particles that interact within it, separate the electron component of the detected radiation from the nuclear component, and reconstruct the tracks of particles passing through the instrument. The special calorimeter and S4 scintillation shower detector triggers enables us to expand our statistics considerably. Using the calorimeter data in generating these triggers means we can study the anisotropy of cosmic rays with energies in excess of tens of GeV. This method of anisotropy detection is based on reconstructing the direction of a particle's arrival from the axis of the secondary particle cascade in the calorimeter. ?????? 2013 Allerton Press, Inc.

Published
2013

31. A compact and modular X and gamma-ray detector with a CsI scintillator and double-readout Silicon Drift Detectors

Author

F. Fuschino, Nicola Zorzi, Antonino Picciotto, Riccardo Campana, Y. Evangelista, A. Vacchi, I. Elmi, Lorenzo Amati, L. P. Rignanese, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Marco Feroci, I. Rashevskaya, Massimiliano Fiorini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Martino Marisaldi, C. Labanti, Filippo Frontera, F. Ficorella, A. Rachevski, Gianluigi Zampa, N. Zampa, Claudio Piemonte, Michela Uslenghi, ITA, Campana, R., Fuschino, Fabio, Labanti, C., Marisaldi, M., Amati, L., Fiorini, M., Uslenghi, M., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Bellutti, P., Evangelista, Y., Elmi, I., Feroci, M., Ficorella, F., Frontera, Filippo, Picciotto, A., Piemonte, C., Rachevski, A., Rashevskaya, I., Rignanese, L. P., Vacchi, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zorzi, N.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon, High-energy astronomy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High energy astrophysics, X-ray detectors, γ-ray detectors, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, High energy astrophysics, X-ray detectors, γ-ray detectors, Spectrometer, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Modular design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

A future compact and modular X and gamma-ray spectrometer (XGS) has been designed and a series of prototypes have been developed and tested. The experiment envisages the use of CsI scintillator bars read out at both ends by single-cell 25 mm2 Silicon Drift Detectors. Digital algorithms are used to discriminate between events absorbed in the Silicon layer (lower energy X rays) and events absorbed in the scintillator crystal (higher energy X rays and gamma-rays). The prototype characterization is shown and the modular design for future experiments with possible astrophysical applications (e.g. for the THESEUS mission proposed for the ESA M5 call) are discussed., 10 pages, 11 figures. Published in Proceeding of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016

Published
2016

32. Development and tests of a new prototype detector for the XAFS beamline at Elettra Synchrotron in Trieste

Author

Joseph Niemela, N. Zampa, Claudio Piemonte, Dario Giuressi, Marco Bruschi, Nicola Zorzi, Luca Olivi, Gianluigi Zampa, L. P. Rignanese, Giuseppe Baldazzi, A. Sbrizzi, J. Bufon, Ralf Hendrik Menk, A. Rachevski, M. Ahangarianabhari, Pierluigi Bellutti, S. Schillani, Sergio Fabiani, Chiara Guazzoni, S. Ciano, Andrea Vacchi, V Garcia, G. Giacomini, Antonino Picciotto, M. Dos Santos, Maria Liz Crespo, Irina Rashevskaya, Andrea Castoldi, M. Gandola, Sergio Carrato, Andres Cicuttin, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giuseppe Cautero, Fabiani, S., Ahangarianabhari, M., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Bellutti, P., Bertuccio, G., Bruschi, M., Bufon, J., Carrato, S., Castoldi, A., Cautero, G., Ciano, S., Cicuttin, A., Crespo, M. L., Santos, M. Do, Gandola, M., Giacomini, G., Giuressi, D., Guazzoni, C., Menk, R. H., Niemela, J., Olivi, L., Picciotto, A., Piemonte, C., Rashevskaya, I., Rachevski, A., Rignanese, LUIGI PIO, Sbrizzi, Antonio, Schillani, S., Vacchi, A., Garcia, V. Villaverde, Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zorzi, N., Dell'Oro S.,D'Angelo M.,Di Stefano M.,Cattani G.,Migliaccio M.,Agostini F.,Antolini C.,Bossa M.,Fragione G.,Pagnanini L., F. Agostini ... [et al.], Baldazzi, G., Bufon, Jernej, Carrato, Sergio, Cautero, Giuseppe, Ciano, Stefano, Giuressi, Dario, Menk, RALF HENDRIK, Niemela, JOSEPH JAMES, Piemonte, Claudio, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rignanese, L. P., Sbrizzi, A., Vacchi, Andrea, Zampa, Gianluigi, and Zampa, Nicola

Subjects
History, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Fluorescence, Education, law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, law, Synchrotron, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Silicon Drift Detector, ASIC, Digital Signal Processing, Silicon Drift Detector, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Monochromator, X-ray spectroscopy, sezele, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Fluorescence, Silicon Drift Detector, Synchrotron, Computer Science Applications, Beamline, business
Abstract

The XAFS beamline at Elettra Synchrotron in Trieste combines X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to provide chemically specific structural information of materials. It operates in the energy range 2.4-27 keV by using a silicon double reflection Bragg monochromator. The fluorescence measurement is performed in place of the absorption spectroscopy when the sample transparency is too low for transmission measurements or the element to study is too diluted in the sample. We report on the development and on the preliminary tests of a new prototype detector based on Silicon Drift Detectors technology and the SIRIO ultra low noise front-end ASIC. The new system will be able to reduce drastically the time needed to perform fluorescence measurements, while keeping a short dead time and maintaining an adequate energy resolution to perform spectroscopy. The custom-made silicon sensor and the electronics are designed specifically for the beamline requirements., Comment: Proceeding of the 6YRM 12th-14th Oct 2015 - L'Aquila (Italy). Accepted for publication on Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Published
2016
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33. A new detector system for low energy X-ray fluorescence coupled with soft X-ray microscopy: First tests and characterization

Author

Alessandra Gianoncelli, Irina Rashevskaya, Dario Giuressi, Jernej Bufon, George Kourousias, A. Rachevski, M. Ahangarianabhari, Sergio Carrato, Claudio Piemonte, Sergio Fabiani, Gabriele Giacomini, Andrea Stolfa, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Ralf Hendrik Menk, Giuseppe Cautero, Pierluigi Bellutti, Roberto Borghes, Matteo Altissimo, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zorzi, N. Zampa, Antonino Picciotto, Gianoncelli, Alessandra, Bufon, Jernej, Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Altissimo, Matteo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Borghes, Roberto, Carrato, Sergio, Cautero, Giuseppe, Fabiani, Sergio, Giacomini, Gabriele, Giuressi, Dario, Kourousias, George, Menk, RALF HENDRIK, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Stolfa, Andrea, Vacchi, Andrea, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, and Zorzi, Nicola

Subjects
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Front-end electronics for detector readout, Low energy XRF (LEXRF), Low leakage current SDDs, Multi-element detectors and associated VLSI electronics, Soft X-rays, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) systems, Instrumentation, Low leakage current SDD, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Preamplifier, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, X-ray fluorescence, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, Soft X-ray, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Multi-element detectors and associated VLSI electronic, Synchrotron, Dwell time, chemistry, CMOS, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

The last decades have witnessed substantial efforts in the development of several detector technologies for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) applications. In spite of the increasing trend towards performing, cost-effective and reliable XRF systems, detectors for soft X-ray spectroscopy still remain a challenge, requiring further study, engineering and customization in order to yield effective and efficient systems. In this paper we report on the development, first characterization and tests of a novel multielement detector system based on low leakage current silicon drift detectors (SDD) coupled to ultra low noise custom CMOS preamplifiers for synchrotron-based low energy XRF. This new system exhibits the potential for improving the count rate by at least an order of magnitude resulting in ten-fold shorter dwell time at an energy resolution similar to that of single element silicon drift detectors.

Published
2016

34. A Double-Gain, Large Dynamic Range Front-end ASIC With A/D Conversion for Silicon Detectors Read-Out

Author

V. Bonvicini, N. Zampa, G. Orzan, and Gianluigi Zampa

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Correlated double sampling, Dynamic range, business.industry, Amplifier, Electrical engineering, Chip, Front and back ends, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, Application-specific integrated circuit, Filter (video), Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

We present a prototype of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) featuring an input dynamic range of more than 52 pC. The ASIC is designed to read out signals from large-capacitance silicon detectors used in Si-W calorimeters for high-energy astroparticle physics experiments. The ASIC features a double-gain Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA), which uses a real-time automatic gain selection circuitry to switch between the input ranges of [0-2.4 pC] and [0-52.6 pC]. A Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) filter follows the CSA and completes the front-end chain. A complete analog channel dissipates 2.8 mW. The present prototype also includes 9 cyclic ADC channels, in view of the final objective of this project, which will be a 16-channel chip with digitized outputs.

Published
2010

35. Lithium and Beryllium Isotopes with the PAMELA Experiment

Author

Andrea Vacchi, Sergey Koldobskiy, Yu. T. Yurkin, L. Marcelli, V. V. Malakhov, V. Di Felice, V. V. Mikhailov, F. Palma, O. Adriani, Roberta Sparvoli, N. Zampa, Paolo Papini, Per Carlson, A. N. Kvashnin, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, F. Cafagna, S. Bottai, G. Vasilyev, M. Ricci, S. Y. Krutkov, N. De Simone, P. Picozza, Alfonso Monaco, Sergey Koldashov, Massimo Bongi, G. Castellini, Mirko Boezio, Yuri Stozhkov, S. A. Voronov, V. Bonvicini, E. Mocchiutti, Alexey Leonov, A. V. Karelin, P. Spillantini, Ritabrata Sarkar, V. Scotti, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Roberto Bellotti, R. Munini, E. Vannuccini, A. M. Galper, E. A. Bogomolov, Valerio Formato, S. B. Ricciarini, Michal Simon, Marco Casolino, M. Merge, Giancarlo Barbarino, A. Bruno, C. De Santis, B. Panico, Gianluigi Zampa, M. Martucci, C. De Donato, G. Osteria, W. Menn, A. G. Mayorov, Nicola Mori, Menn, W., Bogomolov, E. A., Simon, M., Vasilyev, G., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, astroparticle physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Settore FIS/01, Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Isotopic composition, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Lithium, Beryllium, Orbit (control theory), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Isotopes of beryllium
Abstract

The cosmic-ray lithium and beryllium ($^{6}$Li, $^{7}$Li, $^{7}$Be, $^{9}$Be, $^{10}$Be) isotopic composition has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. The rare lithium and beryllium isotopes in cosmic rays are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high energy carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei with the interstellar medium (ISM), but also on "tertiary" interactions in the ISM (i.e. produced by further fragmentation of secondary beryllium and boron). In this paper the isotopic ratios $^{7}$Li/$^{6}$Li and $^{7}$Be/($^{9}$Be + $^{10}$Be) measured between 150 and 1100 MeV/n using two different detector systems from July 2006 to September 2014 will be presented., 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.06535

Published
2018

36. Unexpected Cyclic Behavior in Cosmic-Ray Protons Observed by PAMELA at 1 au

Author

E. Vannuccini, E. A. Bogomolov, S. Y. Krutkov, A. N. Kvashnin, Sergey Koldobskiy, A. Bruno, Mirko Boezio, V. Bonvicini, G. Pizzella, P. Spillantini, M. Merge, C. De Santis, G. A. Bazilevskaya, G. Vasilyev, R. Munini, Alfonso Monaco, Roberto Bellotti, Andrea Vacchi, A. M. Galper, O. Adriani, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, S. B. Ricciarini, Yu. T. Yurkin, Roberta Sparvoli, Alexey Leonov, A. G. Mayorov, Michal Simon, Massimo Bongi, E. Mocchiutti, A. V. Karelin, N. Zampa, Per Carlson, P. Picozza, V. Di Felice, Paolo Papini, Marco Casolino, L. Marcelli, B. Panico, Gianluigi Zampa, S. A. Voronov, M. Ricci, V. V. Malakhov, G. Osteria, Sergey Koldashov, G. Castellini, Yuri Stozhkov, Nicola Mori, Giancarlo Barbarino, M. Martucci, V. V. Mikhailov, F. Cafagna, W. Menn, Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Pizzella, G., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, cosmic rays, Physics - Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Sun: heliosphere, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), cosmic ray, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Settore FIS/01, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Stellar atmosphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Baryon, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Heliosphere, Main sequence, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Protons detected by the PAMELA experiment in the period 2006-2014 have been analyzed in the energy range between 0.40-50 GV to explore possible periodicities besides the well known solar undecennial modulation. An unexpected clear and regular feature has been found at rigidities below 15 GV, with a quasi-periodicity of $\sim$450 days. A possible Jovian origin of this periodicity has been investigated in different ways. The results seem to favor a small but not negligible contribution to cosmic rays from the Jovian magnetosphere, even if other explanations cannot be excluded., article 4 figures, 1 table

Published
2018

37. Cosmic ray measurements with Pamela experiment

Author

P. Spillantini, Roberta Sparvoli, G. I. Vasilyev, V. Bonvicini, E. Mocchiutti, O. Maksumov, Gianluigi Zampa, Y. T. Yurkin, A. M. Galper, Per Carlson, F. Cafagna, G. De Rosa, Petter Hofverberg, L. Marcelli, R. Carbone, S. Bottai, A. Bruno, G. C. Barbarino, N. N. Nikonov, Marco Ricci, Giuseppe Osteria, V. V. Mikhailov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, N. De Simone, Andrea Vacchi, G. Castellini, Yuri Stozhkov, P. Papini, N. Zampa, E. Vannuccini, G. A. Bazilevskaya, S. A. Voronov, Alexey Leonov, V. G. Zverev, E. A. Bogomolov, E. Taddei, O. Adriani, V. Di Felice, W. Menn, D. Campana, L. A. Grishantseva, D. Fedele, Mirko Boezio, M. Bongi, A. N. Kvashnin, Marco Casolino, M. Minori, Sergey Koldashov, Lorenzo Bonechi, P. Picozza, M. Simon, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Russo, Stefano, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, D., Campana, and G., Osteria

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Positron, Antiproton, law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Antimatter, Solar particle event, Satellite, and Optics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature hi a wide energy range (protons: 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50 MeV-270 GeV) and search for antinuclei with a precision of the order of 10(-8)). The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched on June, 15(th) 2006 in a 350 X 600 km orbit with an inclination of 70 degrees. In this work we describe the scientific objectives awl the performance of PAMELA in its first two years of operation. Data oil protons of trapped, secondary and galactic nature - as well as measurements of the December 13(th) 2006 Solar Particle Event - are also provided.

Published
2009

38. Magnetospheric and solar physics observations with the PAMELA experiment

Author

S. Orsi, M. Ambriola, Roberta Sparvoli, A. Morselli, E. Taddei, Yu. I. Stozhkov, S. Russo, Mirko Boezio, D. Campana, A. N. Kvashnin, O. Maksumov, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, V. Bonvicini, O. Adriani, W. Menn, Marco Casolino, Petter Hofverberg, Gianluigi Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, A. Bruno, M. Minori, N. De Simone, M. Simon, N. N. Nikonov, Giuseppe Osteria, E. Mocchiutti, S. Misin, D. Fedele, Lorenzo Bonechi, F. Cafagna, L. Marcelli, M. Bongi, V. Malvezzi, A. M. Galper, G. De Rosa, V. G. Zverev, M. F. Runtso, Piero Spillantini, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, J. Lundquist, V. V. Mikhailov, G. I. Vasilyev, G. Castellini, N. Zampa, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, G. C. Barbarino, P. Picozza, C. De Marzo, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, G. A. Bazilevskaja, V. Di Felice, Y. T. Yurkin, A. Basili, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, Per Carlson, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Russo, Stefano, D., Campana, G., Osteria, and DE ROSA, Gianfranca

Subjects
Antimatter, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Satellite-borne experiment, Satellites, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar Particle Events, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Positrons, law, Cosmic rays, Magnetosphere, Spectrometers, Electromagnetic imaging, Magnetic spectrometer, Positron spectra, Solar physics, Time of Flight system, Neutron detection, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics, Magnetospheres, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Astronomy, Antiproton
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment designed to make long duration measurements of the cosmic radiation in Low Earth Orbit. It is devoted to the detection of the cosmic-ray spectra in the 100 MeV 300 GeV range with primary scientific goal the measurement of antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved. Other tasks include the search for antinuclei with unprecedented sensitivity and the measurement of the light nuclear component of cosmic rays. In addition, PAMELA can investigate phenomena connected with solar and Earth physics. The apparatus consists of: a Time of Flight system, a magnetic spectrometer, an electromagnetic imaging calorimeter, a shower tail catcher scintillator, a neutron detector and an anticoincidence system. In this work we present some measurements of galactic, secondary and trapped particles performed in the first months of operation.

Published
2008

39. CASIS1.0: A prototype VLSI front-end ASIC with ultra-large dynamic range and integrated ADC for silicon calorimetry in space experiments

Author

V. Bonvicini, Gianluigi Zampa, N. Zampa, and G. Orzan

Subjects
Physics, Very-large-scale integration, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Correlated double sampling, CMOS, Application-specific integrated circuit, Preamplifier, Dynamic range, Filter (video), Circuit design, Electronic engineering, Instrumentation
Abstract

In the framework of the INFN R&D project CASIS, a 6-channel prototype of an integrated front-end circuit optimized for silicon calorimeters to be used in future astroparticle physics experiments was designed and realized in a CMOS 0.35 μm technology. Five channels feature a double-gain charge sensitive preamplifier with real-time automatic gain selection, a correlated double sampling filter and, for test purposes, a fully differential, 12-bit cyclic ADC. A sixth channel, featuring only the ADC, is also implemented. The circuit design and test results are presented in this paper. The design goals of a linear dynamic range of 10 4 MIP (50 pC) in “low-gain” mode and a signal-to-noise ratio of 5:1 for single-MIP signals (with an input capacitive load of 300 pF) in “high-gain” mode were achieved.

Published
2007

40. Radiation tests of the Silicon Drift Detectors for LOFT

Author

Emanuele Perinati, Philipp Azzarello, Fabio Muleri, Marco Feroci, Martin Pohl, Andrea Santangelo, Y. Evangelista, N. Zampa, A. Vacchi, Enrico Bozzo, Sebastian Diebold, S. Bugiel, Gianluigi Zampa, A. Rachevski, E. Del Monte, and Eckhard Kendziorra

Subjects
Cosmic Vision, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Instrumentation, Displacement Damage, High Energy Astrophysics, Micrometeoroids Orbital Debris, Non Ionising Energy Losses, Radiation Damage, Silicon Drift Detector, X-Ray, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), ddc:500.2, Radiation, Optics, Radiation damage, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Semiconductor detector, Physics::Space Physics, Hypervelocity, Environmental science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

During the three years long assessment phase of the LOFT mission, candidate to the M3 launch opportunity of the ESA Cosmic Vision programme, we estimated and measured the radiation damage of the silicon drift detectors (SDDs) of the satellite instrumentation. In particular, we irradiated the detectors with protons (of 0.8 and 11 MeV energy) to study the increment of leakage current and the variation of the charge collection efficiency produced by the displacement damage, and we "bombarded" the detectors with hypervelocity dust grains to measure the effect of the debris impacts. In this paper we describe the measurements and discuss the results in the context of the LOFT mission., Comment: Proc. SPIE 9144, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, 914464

Published
2015

41. A software tool for on field spectrometry of diagnostic X-ray beams2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)

Author

Lucia Andreani, Claudio Labanti, Martino Marisaldi, Yuri Evangelista, M. Ahangarianabhari, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Piero Malcovati, Marco Grassi, Marco Feroci, Alexander Rashevsky, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Mirco Zuffa, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, FUSCHINO, FABIO, Lucia Andreani, Claudio Labanti, Fabio Fuschino, Martino Marisaldi, Yuri Evangelista, M. Ahangarianabhari, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Piero Malcovati, Marco Grassi, Marco Feroci, Alexander Rashevsky, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Mirco Zuffa, and Giuseppe Baldazzi

Subjects
XRAY, Dianostic xray beams
Abstract

Conventional radiology uses X-ray beams with polychromatic spectrum consisting of a bremsstrahlung continuous component - with an energy band known only by means of half value layer (HVL), filtration and kVp values - and fluorescence lines. However the knowledge of the spectrum is crucial to allow advanced improvements of the diagnostic imaging with the lowest dose administered to the patients. In order to overcome the difficulty to make direct spectrometry on the diagnostic beam, we developed a simulation software based on a parametric semi-empirical model, that is able to reconstruct the X-ray diagnostic spectrum from 10 keV to 140 keV. This software makes use of experimental parameters, which can be measured in real time by two different methods. In this paper the calibration of detection systems will be described and discussed. In addition, the experimental validation of the software will be illustrated.

Published
2013

42. The effect of the displacement damage on the Charge Collection Efficiency in Silicon Drift Detectors for the LOFT satellite

Author

Marco Feroci, M. Pohl, N. Zampa, Y. Evangelista, Enrico Bozzo, Franck Cadoux, Gianluigi Zampa, A. Rachevski, A. Vacchi, E. Del Monte, and ITA

Subjects
Radiation damage to detector materials (solid state), Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Phase (waves), Magnetosphere, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Displacement (vector), Space instrumentation, X-ray detectors and telescopes, Observatory, Orbit (dynamics), Radiation damage, Satellite, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Aerospace engineering, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The technology of Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) has been selected for the two instruments aboard the Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT) space mission. LOFT underwent a three year long assessment phase as candidate for the M3 launch opportunity within the "Cosmic Vision 2015 -- 2025" long-term science plan of the European Space Agency. During the LOFT assessment phase, we studied the displacement damage produced in the SDDs by the protons trapped in the Earth's magnetosphere. In a previous paper we discussed the effects of the Non Ionising Energy Losses from protons on the SDD leakage current. In this paper we report the measurement of the variation of Charge Collection Efficiency produced by displacement damage caused by protons and the comparison with the expected damage in orbit., 17 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication by Journal of Instrumentation

Published
2015

43. Measuring the spectra of high-energy cosmic-ray particles in the PAMELA experiment

Author

L. Marcelli, A. Bruno, M. Simon, M. Bongi, V. Di Felice, A. G. Mayorov, V. Bonvicini, P. Spillantini, Marco Ricci, Roberta Sparvoli, O. Adriani, W. Menn, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, S. Bottai, V. Malvezzi, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, E. Mocchiutti, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, S. A. Voronov, D. Campana, V. V. Malakhov, Matteo Martucci, V. G. Zverev, P. Picozza, F. Cafagna, G. Castellini, Marco Casolino, Alexey Leonov, E. A. Bogomolov, Sergey Koldashov, Lorenzo Bonechi, Giuseppe Osteria, G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. Zampa, R. Sarkar, Andrea Vacchi, R. Carbone, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, Alfonso Monaco, F. Palma, M. Merge, Mirko Boezio, Roberto Bellotti, Yu. T. Yurkin, A. M. Galper, N. De Simone, A. N. Kvashnin, A. V. Karelin, S. Yu. Krutkov, Nicola Mori, G. I. Vasilyev, C. De Santis, C. De Donato, Gianluigi Zampa, Karelin, A. V., Adriani, O., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bonechi, L., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Galper, A. M., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Zverev, V. G., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Kvashnin, A. N., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y. u., Leonov, A. A., Malvezzi, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Malakhov, V. V., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sarkar, R., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., and Yurkin, Y. u. T.

Subjects
Physics, PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Settore FIS/04, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Electron, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), chemistry, law, Scintillation counter, Calorimeters, Cosmic ray measurement, Energy spectra, Helium nuclei, Neutron detection, Helium
Abstract

The available data on the energy spectra of electrons, protons, and helium nuclei in the high-energy region are fragmentary, a situation made worse by their scarcity. Due to limitations imposed on the use of the magnetic spectrometer in the PAMELA satellite experiment, the calorimeter must be used for measurements performed in the high-energy region. The processing of experimental data accumulated in more than eight years of measurements with the calorimeter, neutron detector, and scintillation counters allows the spectra of high-energy particles to be obtained, greatly expanding our understanding of the nature of primary cosmic rays.

Published
2015

44. Search for Anisotropies in Cosmic-ray Positrons Detected By the PAMELA Experiment

Author

S. Y. Krutkov, S. A. Voronov, Alfonso Monaco, L. Marcelli, Massimo Bongi, V. V. Malakhov, Yu. T. Yurkin, V. Bonvicini, G. Vasilyev, G. Castellini, N. Zampa, V. Di Felice, F. Palma, Sergey Koldashov, S. Bottai, Paolo Papini, A. Bruno, Andrea Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, Piero Spillantini, R. Munini, S. B. Ricciarini, F. Cafagna, N. De Simone, Roberta Sparvoli, Nicola Mori, Ugo Giaccari, E. A. Bogomolov, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Valerio Formato, A. V. Karelin, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, Alexey Leonov, C. De Donato, Mirko Boezio, C. De Santis, Ritabrata Sarkar, V. Scotti, P. Picozza, V. V. Mikhailov, A. G. Mayorov, M. Simon, M. Merge, Giancarlo Barbarino, Giuseppe Osteria, Marco Casolino, Sergey Koldobskiy, Marco Ricci, B. Panico, Gianluigi Zampa, E. Mocchiutti, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, A. N. Kvashnin, M. Martucci, W. Menn, O. Adriani, Per Carlson, Yuri Stozhkov, Adriani, O., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Donato, C. De, Santis, C. De, Simone, N. De, Felice, V. Di, Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Giaccari, U., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergé, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, C., De Donato, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, V., Formato, A. M., Galper, U., Giaccari, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, M., Mergé, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Munini, Riccardo, G., Osteria, F., Palma, B., Panico, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, V., Scotti, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G. I., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, and N., Zampa

Subjects
Antiparticle, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Anisotropy, Cosmic Rays, Positrons, PAMELA, Positron, Positrons, PAMELA, media_common, Settore FIS/01, Astroparticle physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Dipole anisotropy, Celestial sphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Antimatter, Anisotropy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The PAMELA detector was launched on board of the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15, 2006. Data collected during the first four years have been used to search for large-scale anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic-ray positrons. The PAMELA experiment allows for a full sky investigation, with sensitivity to global anisotropies in any angular window of the celestial sphere. Data samples of positrons in the rigidity range 10 GV $\leq$ R $\leq$ 200 GV were analyzed. This article discusses the method and the results of the search for possible local sources through analysis of anisotropy in positron data compared to the proton background. The resulting distributions of arrival directions are found to be isotropic. Starting from the angular power spectrum, a dipole anisotropy upper limit \delta = 0.166 at 95% C.L. is determined. Additional search is carried out around the Sun. No evidence of an excess correlated with that direction was found., Comment: The value of the dipole anisotropy upper limit has been changed. The method is correct but there was a miscalculation in the relative formula

Published
2015

45. Pamela’s Measurements of Magnetospheric Effects On High Energy Solar Particles

Author

Mirko Boezio, E. Vannuccini, Piero Spillantini, G. A. de Nolfo, G. Castellini, N. Zampa, N. Thakur, O. Adriani, Roberto Bellotti, V. Di Felice, F. Cafagna, S. Bottai, A. M. Galper, Sergey Koldobskiy, Nicola Mori, M. Ricci, A. N. Kvashnin, Giancarlo Barbarino, Giuseppe Osteria, Roberta Sparvoli, Alfonso Monaco, C. De Donato, G. Vasilyev, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, F. Palma, A. V. Karelin, Steven Stochaj, Paolo Papini, Alexey Leonov, A. Bruno, S. Y. Krutkov, M. A. Lee, P. Picozza, R. Munini, Ritabrata Sarkar, V. Scotti, S. B. Ricciarini, A. G. Mayorov, E. R. Christian, Marco Casolino, L. Marcelli, C. De Santis, E. Mocchiutti, M. Simon, V. Bonvicini, M. Merge, S. A. Voronov, V. V. Malakhov, N. De Simone, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Sergey Koldashov, B. Panico, Yuri Stozhkov, Gianluigi Zampa, R. Carbone, James M. Ryan, E. A. Bogomolov, Valerio Formato, U. Bravar, V. V. Mikhailov, Massimo Bongi, W. Menn, Per Carlson, M. Martucci, Andrea Vacchi, Yu. T. Yurkin, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, U., Bravar, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, E. R., Christian, C., De Donato, G. A., de Nolfo, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, V., Formato, A. M., Galper, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, M., Lee, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, M., Mergé, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Munini, Riccardo, G., Osteria, F., Palma, B., Panico, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, J. M., Ryan, R., Sarkar, V., Scotti, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, S., Stochaj, Y. I., Stozhkov, N., Thakur, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G. I., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, Adriani, O., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bravar, U., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Christian, E. R., Donato, C. De, Nolfo, G. A. de, Santis, C. De, Simone, N. De, Felice, V. Di, Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Lee, M., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergé, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Ryan, J. M., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stochaj, S., Stozhkov, Y. I., Thakur, N., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Sun: flares, earth magnetic field, Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs), Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Magnetosheath, PAMELA, Sun: particle emission, propagation, Coronal mass ejection, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Pitch angle, Sun: heliosphere, education, solar particles, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, education.field_of_study, Neutron monitor, Solar energetic particles, Earth, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Settore FIS/04, PAMELA, solar flare, propagation, earth magnetic field, solar particles, solar flare, Particle acceleration, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Antimatter, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The nature of particle acceleration at the Sun, whether through flare reconnection processes or through shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), is still under scrutiny despite decades of research. The measured properties of solar energetic particles (SEPs) have long been modeled in different particle-acceleration scenarios. The challenge has been to disentangle to the effects of transport from those of acceleration. The Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) instrument, enables unique observations of SEPs including composition and the angular distribution of the particles about the magnetic field, i.e. pitch angle distribution, over a broad energy range (>80 MeV) -- bridging a critical gap between space-based measurements and ground-based. We present high-energy SEP data from PAMELA acquired during the 2012 May 17 SEP event. These data exhibit differential anisotropies and thus transport features over the instrument rigidity range. SEP protons exhibit two distinct pitch angle distributions; a low-energy population that extends to 90�� and a population that is beamed at high energies (>1 GeV), consistent with neutron monitor measurements. To explain a low-energy SEP population that exhibits significant scattering or redistribution accompanied by a high-energy population that reaches the Earth relatively unaffected by dispersive transport effects, we postulate that the scattering or redistribution takes place locally. We believe these are the first comprehensive measurements of the effects of solar energetic particle transport in the Earth's magnetosheath., 21 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2015

46. Detector response and calibration of the cosmic-ray detector of the Sileye-3/Alteino experiment

Author

M. G. Korotkov, S. Avdeev, M. P. De Pascale, N. Zampa, V. Bonvicini, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, A. Kolmykov, Eva Reali, V. Zaconte, E. Segreto, Walter G. Sannita, Victor Benghin, Andrea Vacchi, E. Rantucci, Marco Ricci, R. Scrimaglio, Vyacheslav Shurshakov, R. Vittori, C. Fuglesang, K.A. Trukhanov, V.P. Salnitskii, Gianluigi Zampa, N. Vavilov, V. Bidoli, A. M. Galper, G. Mazzenga, P. Carlson, A. Popov, M. Minori, O.I. Shevchenko, V.P. Petrov, Mirko Boezio, Livio Narici, and Marco Casolino

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Silicon detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Aerospace Engineering, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, Scintillator, International Space Station, Flash (photography), Optics, Nuclear abundances, Stack (abstract data type), Calibration, Cosmic rays, Physics, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business
Abstract

The experiment Sileye-3/Alteino is constituted by a cosmic-ray silicon detector and an electroencephalograph. The main scientific aims include the investigation of the Light Flash phenomenon, the study of astronaut brain activity in space when subject to cosmic rays, the measurement of cosmic rays and the radiation environment inside the International Space Station. The experiment was operating on board the station from 27 April to 5 May 2002. The cosmic-ray detector is composed of eight silicon strip planes triggered by two scintillators placed on top and bottom of the stack. The detector is capable of identifying nuclei from B to As in the energy range above ≃60 MeV/n. Also protons and lighter particles are registered although with a reduced efficiency. The instrument was active in the Pirs module of the station for 130 h. In this work, we describe the silicon strip detector characteristics and its calibration performed using cosmic-ray nuclei.

Published
2006

47. Space qualification tests of the PAMELA instrument

Author

P. Spinelli, G. Rossi, J. Lundquist, N. Zampa, M. Romita, Alessandra Menicucci, V. V. Mikhailov, R. E. Streitmatter, P. Carlson, M. G. Korotkov, M. Ambriola, M. P. De Pascale, S. Straulino, C. De Marzo, F. Taccetti, Roberta Sparvoli, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, O. Adriani, S. V. Koldashov, S. A. Voronov, Marco Ricci, M. Circella, Silvio Orsi, W. Menn, A. V. Bakaldin, R. Wischnewski, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, N. Mirizzi, E. A. Bogomolov, F. Cafagna, P. Spillantini, G. Vasiljev, P. Schiavon, V. I. Logachev, M. Boscherini, M. Minori, Giuseppe Osteria, N. Giglietto, S. Russo, G. Castellini, Vladimir Makhmutov, Mirko Boezio, Y. T. Yurkin, John Mitchell, S. J. Stochaj, S. Y. Krutkov, M. Simon, P. Picozza, A. M. Galper, R. Bencardino, J. Lund, E. Mocchiutti, G. A. Bazilevskaja, Massimo Bongi, Lorenzo Bonechi, A. Basili, Yu. I. Stozhkov, Roberto Bellotti, A. Morselli, A. N. Kvashnin, D. Campana, Gianluigi Zampa, Marco Casolino, M. Bonvicini, L. Bongiorno, O. Maksumov, Gianluca Furano, G. C. Barbarino, Andrea Vacchi, R., Sparvoli, Barbarino, Giancarlo, A., Basili, R., Bencardino, M., Casolino, M., Depascale, G., Furano, A., Menicucci, M., Minori, A., Morselli, and P., Picozza

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Antiparticle, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Measure (physics), Cosmic antimatter, Magnetic spectrometer, Satellite experiment, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, cosmic antimatter, satellite experiment, magnetic spectrometer, Space (mathematics), Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Transition radiation detector, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Qualification testing, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Satellite
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment which will measure the antiparticle component of cosmic rays over an extended energy range and with unprecedented accuracy. The apparatus consists of a perman ...

Published
2006

48. Measurement of galactic cosmic-ray deuteron spectrum in the PAMELA experiment

Author

G. Osteria, Nicola Mori, Roberto Bellotti, S. Y. Krutkov, M. F. Runtso, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, A. N. Kvashnin, Valerio Formato, M. Bongi, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, C. De Santis, Gianluigi Zampa, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. V. Karelin, A. G. Mayorov, V. Bonvicini, P. Picozza, Laura Rossetto, V. V. Mikhailov, G. I. Vasilyev, P. Spillantini, S. V. Borisov, I. A. Danilchenko, C. Pizzolotto, L. Marcelli, A. M. Galper, O. Adriani, G. Castellini, A. Bruno, E. Mocchiutti, L. Consiglio, W. Menn, N. Zampa, M. P. De Pascale, Giovanna Jerse, Yuri Stozhkov, Y. T. Yurkin, V. Di Felice, N. De Simone, F. Cafagna, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, V. V. Malakhov, Alfonso Monaco, S. Bottai, Per Carlson, Mirko Boezio, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Lorenzo Bonechi, Andrea Vacchi, D. Campana, R. Carbone, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, Marco Casolino, V. G. Zverev, Roberta Sparvoli, S. A., Koldobskiy, V., Formato, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. V., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, A. M., Galper, I. A., Danilchenko, M. P., Pascale, C., Santi, N., Simone, V., Felice, G., Jerse, V. G., Zverev, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, A. V., Karelin, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, A. N., Kvashnin, S. V., Koldashov, Consiglio, Lucia, S. Y., Krutkov, A. A., Leonov, L., Marcelli, A. G., Mayorov, V. V., Malakhov, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Osteria, Giuseppe, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, M. F., Runtso, M. M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, and Y. T., Yurkin

Subjects
Physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Deuterium, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Spectrum (topology)
Abstract

This work presents the results of measuring the deuteron spectrum of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the PAMELA experiment. The PAMELA is an international experiment. Its main objectives are to se ...

Published
2013

49. X-rays Compton detectors for biomedical application

Author

Paolo Rossi, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Dante Bollini, Valter Bonvicini, Cristiano Lino Fontana, Gisella Gennaro, Giuliano Moschini, Francesco Navarria, Alexander Rashevsky, Nikolay Uzunov, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, Floyd D. McDaniel, Barney L. Doyle, Paolo Rossi, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Dante Bollini, Valter Bonvicini, Cristiano Lino Fontana, Gisella Gennaro, Giuliano Moschini, Francesco Navarria, Alexander Rashevsky, Nikolay Uzunov, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and and Andrea Vacchi

Subjects
Physics, Silicon drift detector, Small animals SPET, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, POSITION SENSITIVE PARTICLE DETECTORS, Molecular imaging, Gamma-ray astronomy, AND GAMMA-RAY DETEC, Tracking (particle physics), Particle detector, Collimated light, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, Gamma detectors, PHOTOMULTIPLIERS, X-RAY, business, Compton camera, Image resolution
Abstract

Collimators are usually needed to image sources emitting X‐rays that cannot be focused. Alternately, one may employ a Compton Camera (CC) and measure the direction of the incident X‐ray by letting it interact with a thin solid, liquid or gaseous material (Tracker) and determine the scattering angle. With respect to collimated cameras, CCs allow higher gamma‐ray efficiency in spite of lighter geometry, and may feature comparable spatial resolution. CCs are better when the X‐ray energy is high and small setups are required. We review current applications of CCs to Gamma Ray Astronomy and Biomedical systems stressing advantages and drawbacks. As an example, we focus on a particular CC we are developing, which is designed to image small animals administered with marked pharmaceuticals, and assess the bio‐distribution and targeting capability of these latter. This camera has to address some requirements: relatively high activity of the imaged objects; detection of gamma‐rays of different energies that may range from 140 keV (Tc99m) to 511 keV; presence of gamma and beta radiation with energies up to 2 MeV in case of 188Re. The camera consists of a thin position‐sensitive Silicon Drift Detector as Tracker, and a further downstream position‐sensitive system employing scintillating crystals and a multi‐anode photo‐multiplier (Calorimeter). The choice of crystal, pixel size, and detector geometry has been driven by measurements and simulations with the tracking code GEANT4. Spatial resolution, efficiency and scope are discussed.

Published
2011

50. Tomographic Back-Projection Algorithm for 'Incomplete' Compton X-rays Detectors

Author

Cristiano Lino Fontana, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Marcello Galli, Giuliano Moschini, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Paolo Rossi, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, COPYRIGHT © 2011 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, MCDANIEL, FLOYD D. DOYLE, BARNEY L., Cristiano Lino Fontana, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Dante Bollini, Marcello Galli, Giuliano Moschini, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Paolo Rossi

Subjects
COMPTON CAMERA, SMALL ANIMALS SPET, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, MOLECULAR IMAGING, ISOTOPE MARKERS, GAMMA DETECTORS
Abstract

A "Compton" detector finds the direction of an X-ray by letting it interact with a gaseous, liquid or thin solid material (Tracker) and employing no collimators. This paper takes into account the case of an "incomplete" solid Tracker where the recoiling electron travels only a few dozen microns and cannot be followed. However, impact positions and incoming and outgoing energies are measured. In this situation, exploiting the Compton Scattering formula, one is only able to identify a cone whose surface the X-ray belongs to. On the other hand, Compton tomography luckily requires only a few views (for example rotating the apparatus in just four positions around the subject), as the "electronic collimation" that takes place in each position already extracts X-rays coming from many directions. A back-projection algorithm that combines the reconstructed "cones" in space, weighed according to the Klein-Nishina formula, has been applied to the special case of small animal SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Here the source is close to the detector, every imaged point in space is calculated from many rays that are emitted at different angles, and the algorithm totally differs from that of the Compton imaging in Astronomy. Tomography reconstruction has been validated by employing simulated data, generated using GEANT4 that includes the Doppler Broadening in the energies of scattered photons, which is due to moving non-free electrons. Space resolution has been assessed.

Published
2010

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