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2. Prevalence of heteroresistant Helicobacter pylori and treatment follow-up in patients in Ilam, Iran

Author

Hosseini, S, Mahdian, N, Gheitani, L, Mahmoudi, M, Raftari, M, Hematian, A, Bahmaninejad, P, Badakhsh, B, Ghafourian, S, Hosseini, S, Mahdian, N, Gheitani, L, Mahmoudi, M, Raftari, M, Hematian, A, Bahmaninejad, P, Badakhsh, B, and Ghafourian, S

Abstract

Background: Special antibiotics are prescribed against Helicobacter (H.) pylori . However, sometimes the bacteria are not completely eliminated, or they are recurrent. Unlike most infections, it is very difficult to eliminate a H. pylori infection. Heteroresistance is defined as the phenomenon in which subpopulations of the same colony of bacteria exhibit a range of susceptibilities to a particular antibiotic. Because of heteroresistant cells, antibiotic failure and chronic infection can occur; thus, the current research aimed to investigate presence of heteroresistant cells in H. pylori collected from patients reffering to clinic in Ilam, Iran. Subsequently, patients who were infected with heteroresistant H. p ylori were treated with antibiotics effective against heteroresistant subpopulations.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 100 patients with clinical symptoms and suspected of being infected with H. pylori were studied in private clinics in Ilam, Iran. Fiftyisolates of H. pylori accompanied by patients' information were obtained from Ilam clinics. We cultured the bacteria to identify heteroresistance and to find the cause of recurrent infection in these patients. Results: Out of a total of 50 samples, 3 were heteroresistant to clarithromycin (6%). Levofloxacin was applied in cases of heteroresistant samples, and the effectiveness was determined after one month of follow-up of patients. Conclusion: Patients with heteroresistance showed sensitivity to levofloxacin. After one month of follow-up, it was found that the effectiveness of this antibiotic was good. Therefore, this antibiotic was introduced as a more effective drug in patients with heteroresistant H. pylori ., Zur Eradikation von Helicobacter (H.) pylori werden spezielle Antibiotika verschrieben. Manchmal werden nicht alle Bakterien abgetötet oder sie treten wieder auf. Anders als bei den meisten Infektionen ist es sehr schwierig, eine H. pylori -Infektion zu beseitigen. Heteroresistenz ist definiert als ein Phänomen, bei dem Subpopulationen derselben Species eine unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeit gegenüber einem bestimmten Antibiotikum aufweisen. Aufgrund der Heteroresistenz kann es zum Versagen des Antibiotikums und zu einer chronischen Infektion kommen. Daher sollte das Vorhandensein heteroresistenter Zellen von Patienten aus Ilam, Iran, von H. pylori untersucht werden. Die Patienten mit Vorkommen heteroresistenter H. pylori Subpopulationen wurden mit gegen diese Erreger wirksamen Antibiotika behandelt.

Published
2024

8. Pathogenicity

Author

Mahmoudi, M., primary, Ghafourian, S., additional, Badakhsh, B., additional, Kazemian, H., additional, and Maleki, A., additional

Published
2021
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9. Epidemiology

Author

Mahmoudi, M., primary, Ghafourian, S., additional, Sadeghifard, N., additional, and Badaksh, B., additional

Published
2021
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12. In vitro anti-biofilm properties of the peel of fruite wall of acorn against Streptococcus mutans

Author

Chavak, Z, Mahdian, N, Pakzad, I, Soltani, MR, Badakhsh, B, Ghafourian, S, Chavak, Z, Mahdian, N, Pakzad, I, Soltani, MR, Badakhsh, B, and Ghafourian, S

Abstract

Dental caries is a multi-factorial infectious disease. The primary cause is dental plaque, a complex of biofilm. It was postulated that the ethanolic extract of fruite wall of acorn may represent a new substance to prevent caries. Hence, the study was performed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of fruite wall of acorn against biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans , which is associated with dental plaque. The cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract was determined against Vero cells resulting in an inhibitory concentration of 50 (IC50) of 55 µg/ml. After bacterial collection, different concentrations under the IC50 from the extract were evaluated against biofilm formation of S. mutans . 3 µg/ml of the extract inhibited the biofilm formation of S. mutans , and 1 to 3 µg/ml caused a decrease in gtfB and brpA biofilm-production genes. This study showed the potency of the ethanolic extract of fruite wall of acorn against biofilm formation by S. mutans ., Zahnkaries ist eine multifaktorielle Infektionskrankheit. Die Hauptursache sind dentale Plaques, ein komplexer Biofilm. Auf der Basis der Hypothese, dass der ethanolische Extrakt der Schale der Eichel eine neue Substanz sein könnte, Zahnkaries zu verhindern, wurde die Wirkung des ethanolischen Extrakts gegen die Biofilmbildung von Streptococcus mutans , der mit Karies assoziiert ist, geprüft. Für die Zytotoxizität des ethanolischen Extrakts gegen Vero-Zellen wurde eine IC50 von 55 µg/ml ermittelt. Nach Entnahme der Bakterien wurde die Wirkung verschiedener Konzentrationen des Pflanzenextraktextrakts unterhalb der IC50 auf die Biofilmbildung von S. mutans geprüft. 3 µg/ml des Extrakts hemmten die Biofilmbildung von S. mutans und 1 bis 3 µg/ml induzierten eine Abnahme der bildungbildenden Gene gtfB und brpA . Die Untersuchung bestätigte die Hypothese der Wirksamkeit des ethanolischen Pflanzenextrakts der Eichel gegen die Biofilmbildung von S. mutans .

Published
2023

13. The mazEF toxin–antitoxin system as an attractive target in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis

Author

Soheili S, Ghafourian S, Sekawi Z, Neela VK, Sadeghifard N, Taherikalani M, Khosravi A, Ramli R, and Hamat RA

Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Sara Soheili,1 Sobhan Ghafourian,2 Zamberi Sekawi,1 Vasantha Kumari Neela,1 Nourkhoda Sadeghifard,2 Morovat Taherikalani,2 Afra Khosravi,2 Ramliza Ramli,3 Rukman Awang Hamat11Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; 2Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; 3Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract: The toxin–antitoxin (TA) system is a regulatory system where two sets of genes encode the toxin and its corresponding antitoxin. In this study, the prevalence of TA systems in independently isolated clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis was determined, the dominant TA system was identified, different virulence genes in E. faecium and E. faecalis were surveyed, the level of expression of the virulence and TA genes in normal and stress conditions was determined, and finally their associations with the TA genes were defined. Remarkably, the analysis demonstrated higBA and mazEF in all clinical isolates, and their locations were on chromosomes and plasmids, respectively. On the other hand, a quantitative analysis of TA and virulence genes revealed that the expression level in both genes is different under normal and stress conditions. The results obtained by anti-mazF peptide nucleic acids demonstrated that the expression level of virulence genes had decreased. These findings demonstrate an association between TA systems and virulence factors. The mazEF on the plasmids and the higBA TA genes on the chromosomes of all E. faecium and E. faecalis strains were dominant. Additionally, there was a decrease in the expression of virulence genes in the presence of anti-mazF peptide nucleic acids. Therefore, it is suggested that mazEF TA systems are potent and sensitive targets in all E. faecium and E. faecalis strains.Keywords: Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, toxin–antitoxin system, virulence genes, peptide nucleic acids

Published
2015

14. Prevalence of OmpK35 and OmpK36 porin expression in beta-lactamase and non-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

Author

Shakib P, Ghafourian S, Zolfaghary MR, Hushmandfar R, Ranjbar R, and Sadeghifard N

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Pegah Shakib1,2, Sobhan Ghafourian1, Mohammad Reza Zolfaghary2, Reza Hushmandfar3, Reza Ranjbar4, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard11Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam; 2Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom; 3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ilam University, Ilam; 4Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBackground: The aims of this study were to confirm the presence of OmpK35 and OmpK36 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and nonextended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and to determine the relationship between porin expression and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins.Methods: Fifty-two K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained and analyzed for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and for OmpK35 and OmpK36.Results: Twenty-two (42.3%) isolates of K. pneumoniae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. The OmpK35 profile in K. pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase showed the presence of porin protein in ceftazidime-sensitive K. pneumoniae (six isolates), and the OmpK36 profile in K. pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase revealed isolates sensitive to cefotaxime (n = 8) and ceftriaxone (n = 6). All nonextended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae showed the presence of OmpK35 and OmpK36 porin proteins.Conclusion: The presence of OmpK35 is mostly related to ceftazidime susceptibility and less to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone susceptibility, while OmpK36 expression is seen more often in cefotaxime-sensitive isolates. OmpK35 and OmpK36 indicate nonextended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains, and their presence is important when selecting an antimicrobial agent.Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains, porin expression

Published
2011

15. The Prevalence of Shiga toxin-1 in Shigella spp. Isolates Collected from Diarrhea Patients, Ahvaz, Iran

Author

A. Maleki, Ghafourian S, A. Gheysarzadeh, Mahdian N, Hasan Valadbeigi, and Nourkhoda Sadeghifard

Subjects
Diarrhea, medicine, biology.protein, Shigella, Shiga toxin, Biology, medicine.symptom, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology
Abstract

Objective Shigellosis is one of the substantial causative agents of microbial dysentery and still has a remarkable prevalence particularly in areas with poor hygienic infrastructures. The probable existence of the deadly Shiga toxin-1(Stx1) protein in some Shigella strains would manifest life-threatening clinical symptoms of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Stx1 in isolated from patients with diarrhea. Results Totally, 227 Shigella species including 60 S. flexneri, 157 S. sonnei, and 10 S. boydii were collected from diarrheal patients in tropical infectious diseases research center of Ahvaz, Iran, from 2013 till 2015. The isolates were collected mostly from the intensive care unit, infectious disease, and surgery settings. The isolates were identified and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the stx gene. The results indicated that none of them encode the stx gene. In conclusion isolates of this study were not capable of stx1 encoding.

Published
2019
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18. Evaluation of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Patients With Seronegative HbsAg

Author

Gholami Parizad, E., Khosravi, A., Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, and Ghafourian, S.

Subjects
Serum, HBsAg, Short Communication, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:RA1-1270, Carrier, Ear Cerumen, Hepatitis B
Abstract

Background: It is estimated that about 370 million people are chronic carriers of HBV worldwide. Apparently 3% of Iranian populations are chronic carriers of this virus. We aimed to evaluate the viral DNA in biological fluids of chronic hepatitis patients compared to a control group. Methods: The current case-control study was designed to evaluate the viral DNA in biological fluids of 70 chronic hepatitis patients compared to a control group using ELISA, PCR and Real Time. Results: All individuals (100%) in case group were HBsAg positive while in control group only 2 individuals (2.8%) were HBsAg positive. Three individuals , in control group were positive using PCR and Real Time PCR indicating that about 7% of those in control group were chronic carriers of HBV. The interesting point was the copy of viral DNA; (5.49 ×104, 2.162×103and 7.26×106) for 3 chronic carriers using sera while it was about (5.71×103, 1.45×102 and 2.56×105) using ear cerumen confirming the necessity of investigating for the carriers of HBV in different biological fluid and by different methods. Conclusion: It can be concluded chronic carriers of hepatitis B are much more than what is diagnosed by routine diagnostic tests. On the other hand ELISA alone can not be relied on as a complete test for screening of chronic carriers in hepatitis B. PCR and Real Time PCR are more reliable tests for this purpose.

Published
2012

19. Unerwartetes Vorkommen von Vancomycin-resistenten Enterococcus faecalis anstelle von Escherichia coli O157H7 in Hackfleisch im Iran

Author

Sadeghifard, N, Kazemian, H, Mohebi, R, Sekawi, Z, Khosravi, A, Valizadeh, N, and Ghafourian, S

Subjects
ddc: 610, VRE, food, Enterococcus faecalis, ground meat, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Iran, Hackfleisch, Escherichia coli O157H7, Lebensmittel
Abstract

Colonization of the human and animal intestinal tract with potential pathogenic bacteria is correlated with the risk of contamination of food products. The current study analyzed the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli O157H7 in ground meat in Ilam, Iran. Both index organisms were identified following standard food microbiological methods. For E. faecalis , the susceptibility to vancomycin was tested, and PCR was used to check for the vanA gene. E. faecalis was present in all 24 ground meat samples, with no E. coli O157H7 detected in samples. The analysis showed the presence of the vanA gene in 5/24 vancomycin resistant enterococci. In conclusion, this study for the first time demonstrates the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in ground meat in Iran. This observation warrants further epidemiologic investigation and should be followed up in the future. Das Vorkommen potentiell pathogener Bakterien im menschlichen und tierischen Darmtrakt ist mit einem Kontaminationsrisiko für Lebensmittel verbunden. Daher wurde die Prävalenz von E. faecalis und Escherichia coli O157H7 in Hackfleisch in Ilam, Iran, untersucht. Nach der Probennahme wurden die Bakterien gemäß lebensmittelhygienischer Methode untersucht. Für E. faecalis wurde ihre Sensitivität gegenüber Vancomycin geprüft und das Vorkommen des vanA -Gens mittels PCR untersucht. In allen 24 Hackfleischproben war E. faecalis , jedoch in keinem Fall E. coli O157H7 nachweisbar. In 5 der 24 untersuchten Lebensmittelproben wurde VRE-Stämme mit Nachweis des vanA -Gens nachgewiesen. Diese Studie zeigt erstmals das Vorkommen von VRE in Hackfleisch im Iran. In Anbetracht des Vorkommens von VRE sollten weitere epidemiologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt und die Entwicklung genau beobachtet werden.

Published
2015

20. Is the mazEF toxin-antitoxin system responsible for vancomycin resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis?

Author

Sadeghifard, N, Soheili, S, Sekawi, Z, and Ghafourian, S

Subjects
ddc: 610, mazEF TA system, Vancomycin, antimikrobielles Target, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, mazEF AT-System, Enterococcus, antimicrobial target
Abstract

The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) and the presence of mazEF toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, which may be useful as target for novel antimicrobial therapy concepts. The susceptibility of E. faecalis was determined by MIC, and the presence of the mazEF TA system was evaluated by PCR. Among 200 E. faecalis isolates 39.5% showed resistance to vancomycin (VRE), while 60.5% were susceptible strains (VSE). The mazEF TA system was positive in all VRE isolates (100%), but less prevalent (38/121, 31.4%) among the 121 VSE strains. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a positive relationship between the presence of vancomycin resistance and mazEF TA system. This observation may introduce therapeutic options against a novel antimicrobial target in enterococci. In der vorliegenden Studie sollte der Zusammenhang zwischen der Vancomycinresistenz bei Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) und dem Vorkommen des mazEF Toxin-Antitoxin(TA)-Systems untersucht werden, um Hinweise für eine neue antimikrobielle Targettherapie zu erhalten. Die Empfindlichkeit der Enterkokokken wurde mittels MIC, das Vorkommen des mazEF TA-Systems mittels PCR bestimmt. Unter 200 Enterokokkenisolaten waren 39,5% resistent gegen Vancomycin (VRE), während 60,5% sensibel waren. Das mazEF TA-System war bei allen VRE-Isolaten positiv, aber weniger prävalent bei den VSE-Isolaten (38/121, 31,4%). Die Analyse ergab einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Vorkommen des VRE-Resistenzgens und dem mazEF TA-System, was für weitere Untersuchungen in Hinblick auf ein neues antimikrobielles Ziel gegenüber Enterokokken hilfreich ist.

Published
2014

26. Epidemiological alteration in pathogens found in ground meat in Iran: unexpected predominance of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis

Author

Sadeghifard, N, Kazemian, H, Mohebi, R, Sekawi, Z, Khosravi, A, Valizadeh, N, Ghafourian, S, Sadeghifard, N, Kazemian, H, Mohebi, R, Sekawi, Z, Khosravi, A, Valizadeh, N, and Ghafourian, S

Abstract

Colonization of the human and animal intestinal tract with potential pathogenic bacteria is correlated with the risk of contamination of food products. The current study analyzed the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli O157H7 in ground meat in Ilam, Iran. Both index organisms were identified following standard food microbiological methods. For E. faecalis , the susceptibility to vancomycin was tested, and PCR was used to check for the vanA gene. E. faecalis was present in all 24 ground meat samples, with no E. coli O157H7 detected in samples. The analysis showed the presence of the vanA gene in 5/24 vancomycin resistant enterococci. In conclusion, this study for the first time demonstrates the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in ground meat in Iran. This observation warrants further epidemiologic investigation and should be followed up in the future., Das Vorkommen potentiell pathogener Bakterien im menschlichen und tierischen Darmtrakt ist mit einem Kontaminationsrisiko für Lebensmittel verbunden. Daher wurde die Prävalenz von E. faecalis und Escherichia coli O157H7 in Hackfleisch in Ilam, Iran, untersucht. Nach der Probennahme wurden die Bakterien gemäß lebensmittelhygienischer Methode untersucht. Für E. faecalis wurde ihre Sensitivität gegenüber Vancomycin geprüft und das Vorkommen des vanA -Gens mittels PCR untersucht. In allen 24 Hackfleischproben war E. faecalis , jedoch in keinem Fall E. coli O157H7 nachweisbar. In 5 der 24 untersuchten Lebensmittelproben wurde VRE-Stämme mit Nachweis des vanA -Gens nachgewiesen. Diese Studie zeigt erstmals das Vorkommen von VRE in Hackfleisch im Iran. In Anbetracht des Vorkommens von VRE sollten weitere epidemiologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt und die Entwicklung genau beobachtet werden.

Published
2015

35. Mutation and Efflux System are Responsible for Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Author

Zayyen, K. M., Rastegar-Lari, A., Ghafourian, S., Taherikalani, M., Sadeghifard, N., Jalilian, F. A., Badakhsh, B., Hematian, A., and Pakzad, I.

Abstract

Copyright of West Indian Medical Journal is the property of West Indian Medical Journal (WIMJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018
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36. Using the 100-mV Criterion for Protection of New Structures.

Author

KHOSRAVI, JAVAD and GHAFOURIAN, S. SADEGH MIR

Subjects
CORROSION & anti-corrosives, PIPE maintenance & repair, BURIED pipes (Engineering), PETROLEUM chemical plants
Abstract

The 100-m V criterion, often used for buried structures in high-resistivity soils where corrosion potentials may be low, can be readily evaluated by comparing two potentials--"instant-off" and free corrosion. According to the relevant NACE standards, to assess 100-mV formation or decay, measuring instant-off potentials is a necessity. For new structures, an "instant-on" potential can be read after energizing. This article compares the results of instant-off and instant-on methods for buried piping in a petrochemical plant and in laboratory tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

37. Overexpression of Recombinant Lipase from Burkholderia Cepaciain Escherichia Coli

Author

Raftari, M., Ghafourian, S., Sadeghifard, N., Bakar, F. Abu, Saari, N., and Sekawi, Z.

Abstract

This study attempts to clone and express the extracellular lipase from Burkholderia cepaciain Escherichia coliusing pET system as well as to determine the enzyme activity of recombinant lipase. The extracted DNA from B. cepaciawas used as a template for amplifying lipase gene, and then the lipase gene was subcloned into pET-32a and subsequently transformed into E. coliBL21. Media assay and SDS-PAGE were carried out to analyse the results. Nucleotide sequencing of the DNA insert from the clone revealed that the lipase activity corresponded to an open reading frame consisting of 1092 bp coding for a 37.5-kDa protein. The successful expression of lipase was confirmed by obtaining blue color colonies on Nile Blue Sulphate Agar and big band at 37.5-kD size on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activity assay also showed the high lipase activity around 590 μg lipase ml−1culture 30 min−1of recombinant E. coliBL21. The specific lipolytic activity of the recombinant lipase was 185 U/mL which is around 35-fold higher than the native baseline. The findings suggest that the crude recombinant lipase has potential application in digestion of lipids and fatty acids. In conclusion, the results of the current study showed a lipase gene encoding an enzyme with non-specific hydrolysis activity, which could be applied as lipase biosensor for digestion of lipids in food and medicine as well as oil-contamination treatment.

Published
2012
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38. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing KlebsiellaSpecies Isolated from Several Major Hospitals in Iran

Author

Mohebi, R., Ghafourian, S., Sekawi, Z., Neela, V., Raftari, M., Aboualigalehdari, E., and Sadeghifard, N.

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniaeis a common hospital-acquired pathogen, causing urinary tract infections, nosocomial pneumoniae, and intra-abdominal infections. K.pneumoniaeis also a potential community acquired pathogen. The aims of this study are to determine epidemiology of ESBL-producing K.pneumoniaeand Koxytocain Iran during different seasons, to determine the prevalence of blaTEM, SHV and CTX-M responsible for ESBL production among ESBL-producing K.pneumoniaeand Koxytocain the different wards and hospitals in Iraa Klebsiellaspp producing ESBLs were identified by phenotypic and genotyping methods. The findings in this study revealed that 36.5%, 51.7% and 45.6% of K.pneumoniaewere producing ESBLs in Ham, Milad and Emam Reza hospitals, respectively. The results revealed blaSHV was responsible for ESBLs production. The analysis showed significant difference of ESBLs production by K.pneumoniaein winter (53%) in comparison to the other seasons P≤ 0.01. The results also showed a significant difference in blaSHV that was the dominant gene responsible for ESBL production P≤ 0.049 but no significant difference was observed between blaTEM and blaSHV. The results showed that the highest ESBL production was found in Koxytocaisolated from patients in Emam Reza Hospital and the lowest frequency of ESBL production was found among Koxytocain Ham hospital. BlaSHV was found as dominant gene responsible for ESBLs production by K.pneumoniaeand Koxytoca, followed by blaCTX-M.

Published
2012
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