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1. Environmental drivers of forest structure and stem turnover across Venezuelan tropical forests.

Author: Emilio Vilanova, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Armando Torres-Lezama, Gerardo Aymard, Luis Gámez, Cristabel Durán, Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera, Geertje van der Heijden, Oliver L Phillips, and Gregory J Ettl
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Using data from 50 long-term permanent plots from across Venezuelan forests in northern South America, we explored large-scale patterns of stem turnover, aboveground biomass (AGB) and woody productivity (AGWP), and the relationships between them and with potential climatic drivers. We used principal component analysis coupled with generalized least squares models to analyze the relationship between climate, forest structure and stem dynamics. Two major axes associated with orthogonal temperature and moisture gradients effectively described more than 90% of the environmental variability in the dataset. Average turnover was 1.91 ± 0.10% year-1 with mortality and recruitment being almost identical, and close to average rates for other mature tropical forests. Turnover rates were significantly different among regions (p < 0.001), with the lowland forests in Western alluvial plains being the most dynamic, and Guiana Shield forests showing the lowest turnover rates. We found a weak positive relationship between AGB and AGWP, with Guiana Shield forests having the highest values for both variables (204.8 ± 14.3 Mg C ha-1 and 3.27 ± 0.27 Mg C ha-1 year-1 respectively), but AGB was much more strongly and negatively related to stem turnover. Our data suggest that moisture is a key driver of turnover, with longer dry seasons favoring greater rates of tree turnover and thus lower biomass, having important implications in the context of climate change, given the increases in drought frequency in many tropical forests. Regional variation in AGWP among Venezuelan forests strongly reflects the effects of climate, with greatest woody productivity where both precipitation and temperatures are high. Overall, forests in wet, low elevation sites and with slow turnover stored the greatest amounts of biomass. Although faster stand dynamics are closely associated with lower carbon storage, stem-level turnover rates and woody productivity did not show any correlation, indicating that stem dynamics and carbon dynamics are largely decoupled from one another.
Published: 2018
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2. Phytogeography of the vascular páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, Venezuela) and its ties to other páramo floras

Author: Nidia L. Cuello, Antoine M. Cleef, and Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: páramo flora, phytogeography, andes, venezuela, talamancas, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Ramal de Guaramacal is an outlier and lower elevation mountain range located at the northeastern end of the Venezuelan Andes. Phytogeographical patterns and affinities of the low altitude and wet vascular páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal, have been studied with emphasis in to the analysis of the floristic connections of the Guaramacal páramo flora with the neighboring dry páramos of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida and other páramo floras of the northern Andes and Central America. A total of 252 vascular plant taxa belonging to 150 genera and 69 families were recorded from the study area. The most species rich families are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Ericaceae and Orchidaceae, followed by the ferns families Grammitidaceae and Lycopodiacae. The most diverse genera are the ferns Elaphoglossum, Huperzia and Hymenophyllum. The analysis of generic phytogeographical composition of páramo flora showed that 52.8% of the genera are Tropical. The Temperate component is represented by 33.3% of the genera and the Cosmopolitan component is represented by 13.9% of the genera. The Neo - tropical montane element (38.9%) is high in Guaramacal páramo, the Páramo endemic element (1.9%) and the Andean alpine element (0.9%) and represented by only one genus (Lachemilla) are low compared to other páramo areas. The vascular flora of Páramo de Guaramacal is largely composed of (1) a group of Neotropical widespread distributed species (32%), (2) a group of Andean distributed species (49%), part of them confined to the Northern Andes and part widespread in the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia, and (3) a group of Venezuelan endemics (19%). From an eight páramo flora comparative dataset, the closest relationships among páramos is observed between the generic páramo floras of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental of Sumapáz and Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, which are both closely related to that of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida in Venezuela. The generic páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal shows the closest relationship to southern Ecuador páramo flora of Podo - carpus Biosphere Reserve. According to Detrended Correspondance Analysis and Principal Component Analysis ordination results, most of the variations in páramo floras may represent a response to differences in ambient humidity.
Published: 2010
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3. Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

Author: Bruno Garcia Luize, Milton Tirado, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Toby Pennington, Juliana Schietti, Aurora Levesley, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Lourens Poorter, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Egleé L. Zent, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, Everton José Almeida, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Aparecida Lopes, Diego Correa, William Milliken, Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Italo Mesones, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Corine Vriesendorp, Doug Daly, Katia Regina Casula, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Erika Berenguer, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Rafael L. Assis, Jens Kattge, Juliana Stropp, Edwin Pos, Henrik Balslev, Paul J. M. Maas, Ophelia Wang, José Ferreira Ramos, Jon Lloyd, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Vitor Hugo Freitas Gomes, Timothy R. Baker, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Jérôme Chave, Carolina V. Castilho, María Natalia Umaña, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Hans ter Steege, Hernán Castellanos, Nállarett Dávila, Lionel Hernández, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Julien Engel, Olaf Bánki, Ángela Cano, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Gerhard Boenisch, Priscila Souza, André Braga Junqueira, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Cid Ferreira, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Kenneth R. Young, Agustín Rudas, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Cláudia Baider, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Márcia Cléia Vilela dos Santos, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Daniel Villarroel, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Stanford Zent, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Georgia Pickavance, Daniela Pauletto, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo, Émile Fonty, Daniel Sabatier, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Maíra da Rocha, William E. Magnusson, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Renato R. Hilário, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Charles E. Zartman, Karina Melgaço, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Joseph E. Hawes, Janaina da Costa de Noronha, Maria Pires Martins, Larissa Cavalheiro, Miles R. Silman, Francisco Dallmeier, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Jos Barlow, Milena Holmgren, Carlos A. Peres, William F. Laurance, Casimiro Mendoza, Roderick Zagt, Percy Núñez Vargas, Juan Carlos Licona, Sasha Cárdenas, John Terborgh, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Susamar Pansini, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Ted R. Feldpausch, César I.A. Vela, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, José Julio de Toledo, Therany Gonzales, Kenneth J. Feeley, Ana Andrade, Patricio von Hildebrand, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Joice Ferreira, Jean-François Molino, Adriana Prieto, Christopher Baraloto, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Luzmila Arroyo, Alvaro Duque, Alfonso Alonso, Yadvinder Malhi, Carlos Cerón, Anthony Di Fiore, J. Sebastián Tello, Luciane Ferreira Barbosa, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, Carolina Levis, Rodrigo Sierra, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Iêda Leão do Amaral, William Farfan-Rios, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, C Gerardo Aymard, Natalino Silva, Hugo Mogollón, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Paul V. A. Fine, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Florian Wittmann, Vincent A. Vos, José Luís Camargo, Fernanda Carvalho, Tinde van Andel, Rogério Gribel, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Alberto Vicentini, Freddie Draper, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Boris Eduardo Villa Zegarra, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bruce Hoffman, Dairon Cárdenas López, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, Helder Lima de Queiroz, John Ethan Householder, Gabriel Damasco, Bernardo M. Flores, Kyle G. Dexter, Pablo R. Stevenson, Miguel Alexiades, Aline Lopes, Alexandre S. Oliveira, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Jose L. Pena, Marcelo F. Simon, Thaise Emilio, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Oliveira, Alexandre A [0000-0001-5526-8109], University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ONF - Direction régionale de la Guyane [Cayenne], and Office national des forêts (ONF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography & travel, Bioinformatics, Ecology (disciplines), Entropy, Forests, Information theory, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Computational biology, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamics, Econometrics, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Stabilizing selection, Relative abundance distribution, Ecosystem, ddc:910, Mathematics, MCC, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, GE, Ecology, Principle of maximum entropy, 3rd-DAS, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Plants, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Biosystematiek, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Complex dynamics, Quantitative analysis (finance), Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, FOS: Biological sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biosystematics, Probability distribution, Statistical physics, GE Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Funding: Floristic identification in plots in the RAINFOR forest monitoring network have been supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grants NE/B503384/1, NE/ D01025X/1, NE/I02982X/1, NE/F005806/1, NE/D005590/1 and NE/I028122/1) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics. Publisher PDF
Published: 2023

4. Studies in Neotropical Vochysiaceae: A New Species of Vochysia (Section Ciliantha) from a Pluvial Forest of Western Colombia

Author: A C Gerardo Aymard and Luis Marcano-Berti
Subjects: Geography, Inflorescence, biology, Ecology, Pluvial, Vochysiaceae, Vochysia, Key (lock), Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Pacific ocean, Sepal, Amazon basin
Abstract: Vochysia carol-scottii from the pluvial forests of “Choco biogeografico,” a megadiverse region between the Pacific Ocean and the slopes of the Colombian Western Cordillera, Valle del Cauca department, is described and illustrated, and its morphological relationships with other similar Vochysia species are discussed. This new species is a small tree of 12 m tall and shares features with five species (V. artantha, V. assua, V. calamana, V. cayennensis, and V. tomentosa) of section Ciliantha. Morphologically, it is closest to V. artantha, but it differs in its leaves, inflorescences, spurred sepal, petals, and stamen size. A key and synopsis of the 44 species of Vochysia found in Colombia is provided. A brief note on the ethnobotany of Vochysia in the Amazon basin is presented in an appendix.
Published: 2021

5. Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Author: Jérôme Chave, Katherine H Roucoux, Gregory P. Asner, Frederick C. Draper, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, C. E. Timothy Paine, Mauricio Sánchez Sáenz, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, J. Sebastián Tello, Julien Engel, Raquel Thomas, Dilys M. Vela, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, José Luís Camargo, Jim Vega Arenas, Roosevelt Garcia Villacorta, Jean-François Molino, Francisco Dallmeier, Antonio S. Lima, Fernanda Carvalho, Luzmila Arroyo, Gerardo Aymard, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Germaine Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Jonathan Lloyd, Walter A. Palacios, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Tinde van Andel, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Narel Y.Paniagua Zambrana, Adriana Prieto, Marcos José Salgado Vital, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Gabriel Damasco, James A. Comiskey, Gabriel Arellano, Carlos A. Guerra, Oscar J.Valverde Barrantes, Klécia Gili Massi, Marcos Ríos Paredes, José Julio de Toledo, Gilberto E.Navarro Aguilar, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Victor Chama Moscoso, José Reyna Huaymacari, William E. Magnusson, Sandra Patiño, Renato R. Hilário, Guido Pardo, Manuel Flores, Paul E. Berry, Miguel Alexiades, Ricardo de Oliveira Perdiz, Hans ter Steege, Fredy R. Ramirez Arévalo, Nállarett Dávila, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, Vincent A. Vos, Juliana Schietti, Erika Berenguer, Elvis Valderamma Sandoval, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Rodrigo Sierra, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Daniel Sabatier, Kyle G. Dexter, Ted R. Feldpausch, Jessica Soares Cravo, Claire Fortunel, Elodie Allie, Italo Mesones, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Carolina V. Castilho, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Leslie Cayola Pérez, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Ophelia Wang, Oliver L. Phillips, Pascal Petronelli, Flávia Delgado Santana, Roel J. W. Brienen, Alberto Vicentini, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Michelle Kalamandeen, Kalle Ruokolainen, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Cesar J.Cordova Oroche, Aurélie Dourdain, Marcos Silvera, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Niro Higuchi, Jacob B. Socolar, Susan G. Laurance, Ana C. Andrade, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Jason Vleminckx, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jean Yves Goret, Sophie Fauset, John Pipoly, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Luis A. Torres Montenegro, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Mathias Disney, Paul V. A. Fine, Ana M. Aldana, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, André Braga Junqueira, Nayane C.C.S. Prestes, Christopher Baraloto, Sidney Araújo de Sousa, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Wenderson Castro, Alvaro Duque, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Yadvinder Malhi, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Timothy R. Baker, Darcy F. Galiano Cabrera, Carlos Cerón, Manuel J. Macía, Peter M. Jørgensen, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, M. C. Peñuela, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Systems Ecology, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-BSV7-0009,NEBEDIV,Le rôle des ennemis naturels dans la diversité béta des arbres tropicaux(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), Florida International University, University of Leeds, Arizona State University, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Michigan, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vrije Universiteit, Lancaster University, University of Oxford, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Missouri Botanical Garden, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, University of California Berkeley, University of Turku, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Compensation International Progress S. A.—Ciprogress Greenlife, IRD, University of New England, Université de Guyane, UMR EcoFoG, Universidad de Las Américas, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) CNRS/UPS, University of Plymouth, Cornell University, University of Exeter, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Estación Biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, University of St Andrews, Federal University of Amapá, James Cook University, George Mason University, National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution, University of Cambridge, Laurentian University, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), University of Amsterdam, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Universidad do Estado de Mato Grosso, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, University of Minnesota, University College London, Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia), Universidade Federal do Acre, Duke University, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia—UFRA/CAPES, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidad de Los Andes, Universidad de los Andes, University of Washington, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Agteca-Amazonica, Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Broward County Parks and Recreation, Florida Atlantic University-Davie, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Washington University in St Louis, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Geoinformática & Sistemas (GeoIS), Northern Arizona University, University of Texas at Austin, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), University of Kent, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, University of Birmingham, Imperial College London, The Field Museum, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Research Institute Alexander von Humboldt, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, and University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Amazonian, Biodiversity, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, SD Forestry, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Humans, Dominance (ecology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SD, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, GE, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, DAS, Plant community, Understory, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Tropical ecology, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Brazil, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The forests of Amazonia are among the most biodiverse plant communities on Earth. Given the immediate threats posed by climate and land-use change, an improved understanding of how this extraordinary biodiversity is spatially organized is urgently required to develop effective conservation strategies. Most Amazonian tree species are extremely rare but a few are common across the region. Indeed, just 227 ‘hyperdominant’ species account for >50% of all individuals >10 cm diameter at 1.3 m in height. Yet, the degree to which the phenomenon of hyperdominance is sensitive to tree size, the extent to which the composition of dominant species changes with size class and how evolutionary history constrains tree hyperdominance, all remain unknown. Here, we use a large floristic dataset to show that, while hyperdominance is a universal phenomenon across forest strata, different species dominate the forest understory, midstory and canopy. We further find that, although species belonging to a range of phylogenetically dispersed lineages have become hyperdominant in small size classes, hyperdominants in large size classes are restricted to a few lineages. Our results demonstrate that it is essential to consider all forest strata to understand regional patterns of dominance and composition in Amazonia. More generally, through the lens of 654 hyperdominant species, we outline a tractable pathway for understanding the functioning of half of Amazonian forests across vertical strata and geographical locations. Institute of Environment Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University School of Geography University of Leeds Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science Arizona State University Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Departamento de Biología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Naturalis Biodiversity Center Systems Ecology Vrije Universiteit Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Missouri Botanical Garden Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Department of Intergrative Biology University of California Berkeley Department of Biology University of Turku Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana UNELLEZ-Guanare Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) Compensation International Progress S. A.—Ciprogress Greenlife AMAP Université de Montpellier CIRAD CNRS INRAE IRD Environmental and Rural Science University of New England INRA UMR EcoFoG AgroParisTech CNRS CIRAD Université des Antilles Université de Guyane CIRAD UMR EcoFoG BIOMAS Universidad de Las Américas Instituto de Ecología Herbario Nacional de Bolivia Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Rondônia Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) CNRS/UPS School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Plymouth Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Department of Geography University of Exeter Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Estación Biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missouri Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona School of Geography & Sustainable Development University of St Andrews Department of Environment and Development Federal University of Amapá Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service Smithsonian Institution Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Living with Lakes Centre Laurentian University DRGB Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) Herbarium Amazonense (AMAZ) Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana Department of Ecology Universidade de São Paulo Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Roraima Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas Universidad do Estado de Mato Grosso Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Department of Ecology Evolution and Behaviour University of Minnesota Department of Geography University College London Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia) Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza Universidade Federal do Acre Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia—UFRA/CAPES Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Fundación Natura Colombia Universidad de Los Andes Facultad de Forestales Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Institute of Research for Forestry Development Universidad de los Andes School of Environmental and Forest Sciences (SEFS) University of Washington Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam Agteca-Amazonica Universidad Autónoma del Beni Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones (IMANI) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Broward County Parks and Recreation Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University-Davie Museu Universitário Universidade Federal do Acre Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad Estatal Amazónica Department of Biology Washington University in St Louis National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Geoinformática & Sistemas (GeoIS) School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability Northern Arizona University Department of Geography and the Environment University of Texas at Austin Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Universidade Federal do Amazonas Herbario Alfredo Paredes (QAP) Universidad Central del Ecuador School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Science and Education The Field Museum Universidad Tecnica del Norte Herbario Nacional del Ecuador Research Institute Alexander von Humboldt Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia São Paulo State University (UNESP)
Published: 2021

6. A new species of Ophiocaryon (Sabiaceae) from the Amazonian slope of the eastern Cordillera of Colombia

Author: A C Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: Geography, Ophiocaryon, food.ingredient, food, biology, Ecology, Amazonian, Plant Science, Sabiaceae, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Ophiocaryon nicolasii, from the “Camino de los Andaquíes,” in the Amazonian slope of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, Caquetá department, is described and illustrated and its morphological relationships with other similar Ophiocaryon species are discussed. This new species is a small tree from the foothills to montane forest (500–1000 m). Morphologically it is related to O. manausense (W.A. Rodrigues) Barneby, but it differs by: smaller leaves, petioles, petiolules, and inflorescences; leaflets with 8–16 secondary veins; leaflets, bracteoles, staminodes and ovary with different shape; margins of sepals erose. Information about the Andakí region and its ancestral inhabitants is presented. An updated key to the species of Ophiocaryon is provided.
Published: 2019

7. Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Author: Draper, Frederick C., Costa, Flavia R. C., Gabriel Arellano, Phillips, Oliver L., Alvaro Duque, Macía, Manuel J., Hans ter Steege, Asner, Gregory P., Erika Berenguer, Juliana Schietti, Socolar, Jacob B., Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dexter, Kyle G., Jørgensen, Peter M., Sebastian Tello, J., Magnusson, William E., Baker, Timothy R., Castilho, Carolina V., Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Fine, Paul V. A., Kalle Ruokolainen, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Gerardo Aymard, Nállarett Dávila, Mauricio Sánchez Sáenz, Rios Paredes, Marcos A., Julien Engel, Claire Fortunel, Timothy Paine, C. E., Jean- Yves Goret, Aurelie Dourdain, Pascal Petronelli, Elodie Allie, Guevara Andino, Juan E., Brienen, Roel J. W., Leslie Cayola Pérez, Ângelo, G., Paniagua Zambrana, Narel Y., Jean-François Molino, Daniel Sabatier, Jerôme Chave, Sophie Fauset, Roosevelt Garcia Villacorta, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Berry, Paul E., Karina Melgaço, Feldpausch, Ted R., Elvis Valderamma Sandoval, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Italo Mesones, Junqueira, André B., Roucoux, Katherine H., Toledo, José J., Andrade, Ana C., José Luís Camargo, Jhon Del, Aguila Pasquel, Santana, Flávia D., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan G., Lovejoy, Thomas E., Comiskey, James A., Galbraith, David R., Michelle Kalamandeen, Navarro Aguilar, Gilberto E., Jim Vega Arenas, Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos A., Manuel Flores, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Torres Montenegro, Luis A., Ricardo Zarate Gomez, Pansonato, Marcelo P., Victor Chama Moscoso, Jason Vleminckx, Valverde Barrantes, Oscar J., Duivenvoorden, Joost F., Sidney Araújo de Sousa, Luzmila Arroyo, Perdiz, Ricardo O., Jessica Soares Cravo, Marimon, Beatriz S., Ben Hur, Marimon Junior, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Gabriel Damasco, Mathias Disney, Marcos Salgado Vital, Stevenson Diaz, Pablo R., Alberto Vicentini, Henrique Nascimento, Niro Higuchi, Tinde van Andel, Yadvinder Malhi, Sabina Cerruto, Ribeiro 56, Terborgh, John W., Thomas, Raquel S., Francisco Dallmeier, Adriana Prieto, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

8. Notes on the Genus Bacopa (Plantaginaceae, Gratioleae) in the Orinoquia Region of Colombia and Venezuela

Author: A C Gerardo Aymard, Vladimir Minorta-Cely, J. Orlando Rangel-Ch., and Francisco Castro-Lima
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Wetland, Plant Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Floristics, Bacopa, Bioregion, Genus, Botany, Plantaginaceae, Key (lock), Global biodiversity
Abstract: Bacopa llanorum, a new species from the seasonally flooded savannas of the “Llanos” region of Colombia (Arauca department) is described and illustrated, and its morphological relationships are discussed. On the basis of its dimorphic leaves (the innermost blade filiform, uppermost lanceolate-ovate), the new species does not appear to be allied to any other Bacopa species. However, it shares several other features with B. reptans. A new combination, Bacopa debilis, is proposed to replace Caconapea debilis. In addition, ecological information of the genus in “Los Llanos” of Colombia and Venezuela, and ecological and floristic notes about the eolic-limose plains, are included. A key for identifying species of Bacopa in this region is also provided. Bacopa llanorum is remarkable for its foliar dimorphism, in an otherwise predominantly homomorphic-leaved genus, and it increases to 20 the number of species of the genus in the “Llanos del Orinoco” bioregion.
Published: 2020

9. Besleria naquenensis (Beslerieae, Besleriaceae), A New Species from Serranía de Naquén, Guianía River Basin (Colombia)

Author: Adela Lozano, A C Gerardo Aymard, María C. Montilla, Albeiro Calero-Cayopare, Reinaldo A. Gómez-Yuvabe, and Henry Arellano-P.
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Drainage basin, Identification key, Plant Science, Understory, biology.organism_classification, Taxon, Habitat, Genus, Besleria, Conservation status
Abstract: Besleria naquenensis is described and illustrated on the basis of a collection from the understory of seasonally flooded forests drained by black waters located in the lower “Rio (Cano) Naquen,” northwestern base of “Serrania de Naquen,” upper Guainia River basin, Guainia Department, Colombia, and its relationships with related species are discussed. This new species shares features with three species (B. gibbosa, B. neblinae, and B. yatuana) of section Neobesleria subsection Axillares. Morphologically, it is closest to B. yatuana, but it differs in its leaves, inflorescences, calyx, and corolla. In addition, habitat information, a distribution map, and data of its conservation status are included. An identification key of 27 species of Besleria found in the Rio Negro basin (Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela) and adjacent regions is also provided. This new species elevates to 66 the number of Besleria taxa for the flora of Colombia, the country with the highest diversity of the genus.
Published: 2020

10. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author: Bruno Herault, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Jean-François Bastin, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Martin Dančák, Matt Bradford, Frans Bongers, Stuart J. Davies, Reuben Nilus, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Lip Khoon Kho, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Joey Talbot, Richard F. Preziosi, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, José Luís Camargo, Terese B. Hart, Juliana Schietti, Peter S. Ashton, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ophelia Wang, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Amy C. Bennett, Janvier Lisingo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Jérôme Chave, Connie J. Clark, Christopher Baraloto, Gerardo Aymard, Serge K. Begne, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Timothy R. Baker, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Julie Peacock, Hermann Taedoumg, Simon L. Lewis, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Greta C. Dargie, Murielle Simo-Droissart, David Harris, Faizah Metali, Hans ter Steege, Richard Lowe, Géraldine Derroire, Benoit Burban, Camila Silva Valeria, Martin Svátek, Wannes Hubau, Sarah A. Batterman, Vincent A. Vos, Elizabeth Kearsley, Peter M. Umunay, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hans Verbeeck, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, John R. Poulsen, Simon Willcock, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jean-Louis Doucet, Foster Brown, Yadvinder Malhi, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Ronald Vernimmen, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Martin Gilpin, Colin R. Maycock, Carlos Cerón, Radim Hédl, Oliver L. Phillips, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roderick Zagt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Pascal Boeckx, Roel J. W. Brienen, Marcelo F. Simon, Keith C. Hamer, Alberto Vicentini, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Clément Stahl, Javier Silva Espejo, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Erika Berenguer, Pieter A. Zuidema, Vianet Mihindou, Murray Collins, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Terry Brncic, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Paulo S. Morandi, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, William E. Magnusson, Lilian Blanc, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nicholas J. Berry, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Luzmila Arroyo, Douglas Sheil, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Sean C. Thomas, Eric Arets, Ernest G. Foli, Lola da Costa, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Lan Qie, James Singh, Lise Zemagho, Agustín Rudas, Richard B. Primack, Jan Reitsma, Annette Hladik, Alexander K. Koch, Colin A. Pendry, Walter A. Palacios, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Nicolas Labrière, Fernando Elias, Eric Chezeaux, William Milliken, Manuel Gloor, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Jefferson S. Hall, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Susan G. Laurance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marcos Silveira, Carolina V. Castilho, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kamariah Abu Salim, Joeri A. Zwerts, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Jos Barlow, Georgia Pickavance, Joice Ferreira, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Jorcely Barroso, Andrew R. Marshall, Miguel Alexiades, Lindsay F. Banin, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Rafael Herrera, Hans Beeckman, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Michelle Kalamandeen, Adriana Prieto, Ben Hur Marimon, Casimiro Mendoza, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Vincent Droissart, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Hannah L. Mossman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Aurélie Dourdain, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Bente B. Klitgaard, James Taplin, Damien Bonal, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jason Vleminckx, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Verginia Wortel, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Toby R. Marthews, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Andrew Ford, Niro Higuchi, Aida Cuni Sanchez, Aline Pontes Lopes, Laszlo Nagy, John Pipoly, Lee J. T. White, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, European Research Council, European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, National Geographic Society, Centre for International Forestry Research, Agence Nationale Des Parcs Nationaux (Gabon), University of Leeds, Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Edinburgh, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] (INPE), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Sch Geosci, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Biodiversité et Paysage, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Woods Hole Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Rougier Gabon, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), AgroParisTech, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université de Liège, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Milieux Désordonnés et Hétérogènes (LMDH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Commissariat général du Plan (CGP), Premier ministre, Instituto Nacional de Pequisas da Amazônia, Instituto National de Pequisas da Amazonia Brazil, Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, BP 30 379 Libreville, Gabon, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], James Cook University (JCU), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), University of Mary Washington, Chercheur indépendant, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Forest Research Centre (FRC), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Bur Waarderburg, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, CarboForExpert, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Stirling, Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Animal Ecology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Ecology, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tropical trees, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth, Planet, Climate, Acclimatization, Tropical forest carbon stocks, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Growth, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Tropical climate, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Photosynthesis, Hectare, Productivity, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Wood, Productivity (ecology), Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, C180 Ecology, Tree, Leaf Respiration, Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks, Climate Change, Climate change and forestry, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Global warming, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Carbon, CO₂ Fertilization, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acclimation
Abstract: The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate., Our plot monitoring networks havebeen supported by multiple grants from a large number of funding bodies: European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; European Union’s Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Framework Programme; Royal Society, Leverhulme Trust; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Geographic Society; Centre for International Forestry; and Gabon’s National Park Agency.
Published: 2020

11. Human Contribution to Amazonian Plant Diversity: Legacy of Pre-Columbian Land Use in Modern Plant Communities

Author: Encarni Montoya, Carolina Levis, Francis E. Mayle, Gerardo Aymard, Umberto Lombardo, Rull, Valenti, and Carnaval, Ana
Subjects: Land use, Ecology, Biodiversity, Plant community, 910 Geography & travel, 580 Plants (Botany), Ecosystem services, Plant ecology, Disturbance (ecology), 980 History of South America, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 570 Life sciences, biology, Ecosystem, Pleistocene megafauna
Abstract: Amazonia is the world’s largest tropical forest and is globally important in terms of its ecosystem services and extraordinarily high levels of biodiversity. The origin of this biodiversity has long been attributed to purely natural drivers, with little consideration given to the legacy of millennia of human land use. Here, the potential contribution of pre-Columbian human activity (prior 1492 CE) to current patterns of plant diversity in Amazonia is explored via long-term (palaeoecology, archaeology) and short-term (botany, plant ecology) studies. The aim of the chapter is to examine the information available to date, and discuss recent advances and persisting shortcomings relevant to the extent to which pre-Columbian human societies influenced patterns of Amazonian plant diversity. This topic has been the subject of long-standing scientific debate over several decades, and among diverse disciplines. In recent years, this debate has intensified following the development of new techniques and data. The findings indicate that humans have had an impact upon Amazonian plant diversity for over 13,000 years. Late Pleistocene/early Holocene humans domesticated numerous plant species and may have inadvertently caused long-lasting ecosystem changes by contributing to Pleistocene megafauna extinction. Based on our literature review, we identify four key types of pre-Columbian anthropogenic impact, leaving a clear legacy upon current patterns of plant diversity: (1) construction of vast earthworks, which has altered forest and savannah cover through changes in micro-topography, fire use and hydrology, (2) widespread distribution and dispersal of domesticated plants, (3) the creation of exceptionally fertile, anthropogenic soils, which enabled continuous, intensive agro-forestry, and (4) the enrichment of plant communities with edible and useful species. We argue that knowledge of the degree to which humans have shaped plant diversity over the past several millennia has relevance for developing sustainable land use and improving our understanding of the likely responses of Amazonian ecosystems to environmental and anthropogenic disturbance.
Published: 2020

12. First Report of Peridiscaceae for the Vascular Flora of Colombia

Author: P Henry Arellano and A C Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Flora, Peridiscaceae, biology, business.industry, Distribution (economics), Plant Science, Structural basin, Phytogeography, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Geography, Habitat, Genus, business
Abstract: Peridiscus lucidus (Peridiscaceae) is recorded for the first time for the vascular flora of Colombia based on a collection from the upper Rio Cuyari, Guiania Department. This locality extends the northwestern distribution of the species in the Amazon basin to the upper Rio Negro basin. Notes about the phytogeography and habitats of P. lucidus and an updated overview of the currently known specimens using a geographic distribution map of this taxon are also included. In addition, we provide information on the distinctive vegetative characters that help identify this genus in absence of flowers and fruits. Finally, a lectotype of P. lucidus is newly designated. The discovery of this family in the upper Rio Negro region of Colombia demonstrates the value of field work through alliances between private initiatives and the Kuripaco nation.
Published: 2018

13. Nuevos registros para la flora vascular de Colombia presentes en la Orinoquia y reseña histórica de las expediciones botánicas a la región

Author: Néstor Pérez-Buitrago, Francisco J. Mijares, and A C Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: Cuenca del Orinoco, Machaerium, Ecology, biology, Vichada, Polycarpaea, Bignoniaceae, Plant Science, Campomanesia, Taxonomía vegetal, biology.organism_classification, Plantas, Gouania, lcsh:Biology (General), Botany, Animal Science and Zoology, Arauca, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Murdannia, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Nectandra, Trigynaea
Abstract: Se registran 18 novedades para la flora vascular de Colombia a partir de ejemplares recolectados en la región de la Orinoquia. Los nuevos registros corresponden a: Duguetia riberensis Aristeg. ex Maas & Boon, Trigynaea duckei (R. E. Fr.) R. E. Fr. (Annonaceae); Tassadia medinae (Morillo) Morillo (Apocynaceae); Jaracanda orinocensis Sandw. (Bignoniaceae); Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. var. brasiliensis (Cambess.) Chodat & Hassl. (Caryophyllaceae); Murdannia burchellii (C. B. Clarke) M. Pell. y M. aff. triquetra (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) G. Brückn (Commelinaceae); Enterolobium barinense L. Cárdenas & Rodr.-Carr., Machaerium tovarense Pittier, Muellera crucisrubierae (Pittier) M. Sousa y Tachigali davidsei Zarucchi & Herend. (Leguminosae), Nectandra bartlettiana Lasser (Lauraceae); Lindernia brachyphylla Pennell ex Steyerm. (Linderniaceae); Campomanesia aromatica (Aubl.) Griseb. (Myrtaceae); Christiana africana DC. (Malvaceae); Dulacia cyanocarpa Sleumer (Olacaceae); Phyllanthus microphyllus Kunth (Phyllanthaceae) y Gouania wurdackii Steyerm. (Rhamnaceae). Estas especies fueron recolectadas en los departamentos de Arauca y Vichada. Se discuten aspectos relacionados con la taxonomía y nomenclatura de estos nuevos registros, su distribución geográfica, sus afinidades con la flora presente en la Orinoquia venezolana y regiones con características florísticas similares. Se agrega una reseña histórica de las exploraciones en los llanos colombianos.
Published: 2018

14. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Author: Priya Davidar, Andreas Hemp, Francis Q. Brearley, Marcio Seiji Suganuma, Sandra Brown, Robin L. Chazdon, Rahmad Zakaria, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Robert M. Kooyman, Nina Farwig, H. S. Suresh, Márcio de Morisson Valeriano, Christine B. Schmitt, Gemma Rutten, Tereza C. Spósito, Ed V.J. Tanner, Shijo Joseph, Kipiro Damas, Janet Franklin, Samir Gonçalves Rolim, Orlando Rangel, H. S. Dattaraja, Francisco Mora, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Richard Field, Khairil Mahmud, Patrick A. Jansen, Raman Sukumar, Nobuo Imai, Xinghui Lu, Susan G. Laurance, Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez, Hoang Van Sam, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Gerardo Aymard, Emanuel H. Martin, Daniel M. Griffith, Campbell O. Webb, Katrin Boehning-Gaese, William F. Laurance, Timothy J. Killeen, Marcelo Tabarelli, Jeremy A. Lindsell, Ulf Pommer, Queila Souza Garcia, Natalia Targhetta, Christelle Gonmadje, C. Yves Adou Yao, Fabian Brambach, Shengbin Chen, Saara J. DeWalt, Robert Steinmetz, Rama Chandra Prasad, Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas, Phourin Chhang, Donald R. Drake, Salomón Aguilar, Giselda Durigan, Jennifer S. Powers, Jon C. Lovett, Jean Philippe Puyravaud, Susan K. Wiser, Michael Kessler, Pia Parolin, Runguo Zang, Hazimah Din, DIogo S.B. Rocha, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Kalle Ruokolainen, Ole R. Vetaas, Zhofre Aguirre Mendoza, Jorge A. Ahumada, Jurgi Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jan Reitsma, Hans Verbeeck, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, Eizi Suzuki, David Harris, Florian Wittmann, Shauna-Lee Chai, Supriyadi, Felipe P. L. Melo, Darley C.L. Matos, Victor A. J. Adekunle, Michael J. Lawes, Faizah Metali, Eddy Nurtjahya, Thiago Metzker, John N. Williams, Vincent P. Medjibe, Lan Qi, Rhett D. Harrison, Johan van Valkenburg, John Vandermeer, Susan G. Letcher, Sandra L. Yap, Andy Hector, Kenneth J. Feeley, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Francesco Rovero, Alexandre F. Souza, Markus Fischer, Tsutomu Enoki, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Ekananda Paudel, Pascal Boeckx, Marc P. E. Parren, Patricia Balvanera, Tariq Stévart, M. Shah Hussain, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Frans Bongers, Plinio Sist, George B. Chuyong, Mohd Nizam Mohd Said, Jonathan Timberlake, J. W. Ferry Slik, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, Jean-François Bastin, Nikolay Aguirre, Asyraf Mansor, José Lozada, Yves Laumonier, Mark Schulze, Ida Theilade, D. Mohandass, John R. Poulsen, Peter J. Bellingham, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Onrizal, Rolando Perez, Andes Hamuraby Rozak, Thomas W. Gillespie, Olle Forshed, Duncan Thomas, Philippe Saner, Andreas Ensslin, Douglas Sheil, Edward L. Webb, Anne Mette Lykke, Kuswata Kartawinata, Ervan Rutishauser, Eddie Lenza De Oliveira, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Elizabeth Kearsley, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Karl A. O. Eichhorn, Rodrigo Muñoz, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Xiaobo Yang, Andrew R. Marshall, I. Faridah Hanum, Jean François Gillet, Corneille E. N. Ewango, K. Anitha, Eduardo A. Pérez-García, Jürgen Homeier, Satish Chandra Garkoti, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Tran Van Do, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Aisha Sultana, Luciana F. Alves, Meredith L. Bastian, Eduardo van den Berg, João Roberto dos Santos, Rakan A. Zahawi, Selene Báez, Felipe Zamborlini Saiter, Daniel L. Kelly, Jochen Schoengart, Bráulio A. Santos, Serge A. Wich, Jean Paul Metzger, Alvaro Duque, Andres Avella, Heike Culmsee, Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Jorge A. Meave, Brad Boyle, James Grogan, Jianwei Tang, and Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Geography & travel, Tropical forests, 580 Plants (Botany), Species Composition, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Corrections, Floristics, Tropic Climate, biogeographic legacies, Forest structure, Tropical Rain Forest, forest functional similarity, Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, Conservation Of Natural Resources, Frest functional similarity, Phylogeny, media_common, ddc:910, tropical forests, Multidisciplinary, GE, Phylogenetic tree, Ecology, Biodiversity, RAIN-FOREST, Plants, Biological Sciences, Classification, REGIONS, PE&RC, forest classification, Geography, Biogeography, Phylogenetic community distance, Priority Journal, Environmental Monitoring, Conservation of Natural Resources, Asia, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate Change, Forest Structure, ta1171, India, Subtropics, 010603 evolutionary biology, Cladistics, ddc:570, Biogeographic legacies, Madagascar, Genetics, Forest functional similarity, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, PLANT DIVERSITY, Tropical Climate, Western Hemisphere, QH, QK, Information Processing, foreste, filogenesi, conservazione, Biology and Life Sciences, ANGIOSPERMS, Plant, 15. Life on land, Nonhuman, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Forest classification, Forest Dynamics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, PATTERNS, UPDATE, cavelab, Environmental Protection, 010606 plant biology & botany, Diversity (politics), Phylogenetic nomenclature, phylogenetic community distance
Abstract: Significance Identifying and explaining regional differences in tropical forest dynamics, structure, diversity, and composition are critical for anticipating region-specific responses to global environmental change. Floristic classifications are of fundamental importance for these efforts. Here we provide a global tropical forest classification that is explicitly based on community evolutionary similarity, resulting in identification of five major tropical forest regions and their relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. African and American forests are grouped, reflecting their former western Gondwanan connection, while Indo-Pacific forests range from eastern Africa and Madagascar to Australia and the Pacific. The connection between northern-hemisphere Asian and American forests is confirmed, while Dry forests are identified as a single tropical biome., Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.
Published: 2018

15. Davilla hirsuticarpa (Dilleniaceae), a new species from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Author: João Renato Stehmann, Claudio Nicoletti de Fraga, and Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: DAVILLA CUSPIDULATA, biology, Ecology, Plant Science, ENDEMISM, TAXONOMY, Dilleniaceae, biology.organism_classification, DAVILLA BAHIANA, DAVILLA HIRSUTICARPA, Geography, Taxonomy (biology), Atlantic forest, Endemism, BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST
Abstract: Background – Davilla (Dilleniaceae) currently comprises 28 species and is distributed throughout the Neotropics. Extensive fieldwork conducted in the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian states Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro resulted in the discovery of a new species of Davilla, described and illustrated in this paper.Methods – Herbarium collections including type specimens were consulted for identification and compared to the new species. Morphological data of the new species were obtained through the study of herbarium specimens as well as of live specimens observed in the field.Key results – Davilla hirsuticarpa Fraga & Aymard, a new species endemic to the Atlantic Forest areas, is here described and illustrated, along with comments on its geographical distribution, ecology, and conservation status. The new species resembles D. bahiana Aymard and D. cuspidulata Mart. ex Eichl., from which it differs by hirsute carpels. In accordance with the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List, it could be considered as Vulnerable (VU). A new key to all species of Davilla sect. Davilla is provided.
Published: 2017

16. Novelties in neotropical Dilleniaceae

Author: A C Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: biology, Botany, Plant Science, Dilleniaceae, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: A new species of Doliocarpus (Dilleniaceae), Doliocarpus putumayensis Aymard from the Porvenir River (affluent of the lower Putumayo River), and the middle Caquetá River in the state of Amazonas was found during the examination of specimens for the Dilleniaceae treatment for the Flora de Colombia. This species is not clearly related to any other Doliocarpus species, however, it shows certain similarities with D. magnificus Sleumer in its leaves size, shape, and the fruit size and pubescence. Nonetheless, P. putumayensis differs in its tertiary venation, inflorescence size, sepal number and shape, anthers glabrous with a connective broadened, and fruit densely adpressed pubescent. An updated key to the species of Doliocarpus of Colombia is provided, and a previously described subspecies from Brazil is elevated to the rank of species (i.e., Doliocarpus brevipedicellatus Garcke subsp. hilarianus Kubitzki to D. hilarianus Aymard).
Published: 2017

17. Towards a dynamic list of Amazonian tree species

Author: Daniel Sabatier, Gerardo Aymard, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Alexandre Antonelli, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Hans ter Steege, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Sylvia Mota de Oliveira, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Free University of Amsterdam, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Gothenburg (GU), The Field Museum, Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador] (UDLA), Herbario Universitario PORT, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Rainforest, Amazonian, Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, Amazon region, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Article, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, lcsh:R, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Checklist, Tree (data structure), 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Geography, lcsh:Q, Taxonomy (biology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Brazil, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tree species, Global biodiversity
Abstract: To provide an empirical foundation for estimates of the Amazonian tree diversity, we recently published a checklist of 11,675 tree species recorded to date in the region (ter Steege H, et al. (2016) The discovery of the Amazonian tree flora with an updated checklist of all known tree taxa. Scientific Reports 6:29549). From this total of plant records compiled from public databases and literature, widely used in studies on the Amazonian plant diversity, only 6,727 tree species belong to the first taxonomically-vetted checklist published for the region (Cardoso D, et al. (2017) Amazon plant diversity revealed by a taxonomically verified species list. PNAS 114:10695-10700). The striking difference in these two numbers spurred us to evaluate both lists, in order to release an improved Amazonian tree list; to discuss species inclusion criteria; and to highlight the ecological importance of verifying the occurrence of “non-Amazonian” trees in the region through the localization and identification of specimens. A number of species in the 2016 checklist that are not trees, non-native, synonyms, or misspellings were removed and corresponded to about 23% of the names. Species not included in the taxonomically-vetted checklist but verified by taxonomists to occur in Amazonia as trees were retained. Further, the inclusion of recently recorded/new species (after 2016), and recent taxonomic changes added up to an updated checklist including 10,071 species recorded for the Amazon region and shows the dynamic nature of establishing an authoritative checklist of Amazonian tree species. Completing and improving this list is a long-term, high-value commitment that will require a collaborative approach involving ecologists, taxonomists, and practitioners.
Published: 2019

18. Species Distribution Modelling: Contrasting presence-only models with plot abundance data

Author: Ophelia Wang, José Ferreira Ramos, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Bruno Garcia Luize, Ana Andrade, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Vincent A. Vos, Ángela Cano, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, James A. Comiskey, Kenneth J. Feeley, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Egleé L. Zent, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Stanford Zent, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Pascal Petronelli, Jean-François Molino, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Rogério Gribel, Christopher Baraloto, Luzmila Arroyo, William Milliken, Timothy R. Baker, Corine Vriesendorp, Henrik Balslev, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Juan Carlos Licona, Sasha Cárdenas, Percy Núñez Vargas, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Paul J. M. Maas, Daniel Sabatier, Stéphanie D. Ijff, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Charles E. Zartman, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Alberto Vicentini, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, John Terborgh, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Maria Pires Martins, José Luís Marcelo Peña, Toby Pennington, Juliana Schietti, Milton Tirado, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Lionel Hernández, Gabriel Damasco, Gerardo Aymard, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Aline Lopes, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Maíra da Rocha, Rafael L. Assis, Edwin Pos, Olaf Bánki, Cláudia Baider, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Vitor Hugo Freitas Gomes, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Cid Ferreira, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Jérôme Chave, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Susamar Pansini, Ted R. Feldpausch, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Agustín Rudas, Casimiro Mendoza, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Italo Mesones, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Marcelo F. Simon, Alvaro Duque, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carlos Cerón, Hans ter Steege, Yadvinder Malhi, Jean Louis Guillaumet, Miles R. Silman, Pablo R. Stevenson, Daniel Praia, E. M. Jimenez, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Paul V. A. Fine, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bruce Hoffman, Mariana Victória Irume, Carolina V. Castilho, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Miguel Alexiades, Terry W. Henkel, William Farfan-Rios, Daniel Villarroel, Anthony Di Fiore, Dairon Cárdenas López, Roderick Zagt, Florian Wittmann, Niels Raes, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Julien Engel, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Peter M. Jørgensen, Diego Correa, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Kenneth R. Young, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Nállarett Dávila, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Hugo Mogollón, Thaise Emilio, Hernán Castellanos, Katia Regina Casula, Ben Hur Marimon, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Francisco Dallmeier, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, Therany Gonzales, Natalia Targhetta, Patricio von Hildebrand, Juliana Stropp, Boris Villa, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Daniela Pauletto, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Adriana Prieto, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Rodrigo Sierra, Priscila Souza, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, William F. Laurance, José Luís Camargo, Fernanda Carvalho, Tinde van Andel, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, César I.A. Vela, Kyle G. Dexter, William E. Magnusson, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Joana Ricardo, Alfonso Alonso, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Doug Daly, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Natalino Silva, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Carlos A. Peres, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), International Center for Tropical Botany, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marine and Coastal Management, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Instituto SINCHI, University of California, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, University of Leeds, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas Do Amapá - IEPA, Université de Montpellier, Field Museum, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Nicholas School of the Environment, Santa Cruz, Universidade Do Estado de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP, University of Exeter, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Agteca-Amazonica, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Santa Cruz, James Cook University, Fiocruz, IOC/FIOCRUZ Pav. Arthur Neiva, Calle Chile, Universidad de Los Andes, University of Amsterdam, UNELLEZ-Guanare, Endangered Species Coalition, Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service, Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Wageningen University and Research, Kew, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, University of Miami Coral, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro, Alfredo Paredes Universidad Central, Florida International University, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Federal University of Alagoas, Universidade Federal Do Acre, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Univ Guyane, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Humboldt State University, New York Botanical Garden, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Universitario UMSA, Missouri Botanical Garden, University of East Anglia, UMR 5174 EDB, Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Wake Forest University, University of Texas at Austin, Madre de Dios, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Conservation University of Florida, Fundación Estación de Biología, Amazon Conservation Team, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), ACEER Foundation, Universidad Autónoma Del Beni José Ballivián, Centro de Investigación y Promoción Del Campesinado, Dyson Perrins Building, University of Queensland, University of Washington, University of Nottingham, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense, University of Maryland, GeoIS, Northern Arizona University, Manejo Forestal en Las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Mauritius Herbarium, Aarhus University, Conservation Biology Institute, Tropenbos International, Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará, University of Missouri, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, University of Kent, Universidad Técnica Del Norte, Utrecht University, Free University, Systems Ecology, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography & travel, Physiology, QH301 Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, biodiversité, Trees, Abundance (ecology), Statistics, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, IUCN Red List, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS, ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELS, lcsh:Science, Conservation Of Natural Resources, ddc:910, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Statistical Model, Species Distribution, MAXENT, Fabaceae, 3rd-DAS, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, Écologie des populations, Sensitivity Analysis, BIAS, FLORESTAS TROPICAIS, Brazil, Tree, Human, Conservation of Natural Resources, Occupancy, Conservation, Distribution des populations, 010603 evolutionary biology, Plot (graphics), Article, Chrysobalanaceae, QH301, Écologie forestière, Inverse distance weighting, Pipeline, Statistics And Numerical Data, Life Science, Humans, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Species, Models, Statistical, Plant Dispersal, Brasil, lcsh:R, Information Processing, PERFORMANCE, Polygonaceae, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Environmental niche modelling, THRESHOLDS, PATTERN, Modélisation, ABSENCE DATA, Environmental science, peuplement forestier, lcsh:Q, Prediction, Environmental Protection
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Ministério da Educação Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in ecology and conservation. Presence-only SDMs such as MaxEnt frequently use natural history collections (NHCs) as occurrence data, given their huge numbers and accessibility. NHCs are often spatially biased which may generate inaccuracies in SDMs. Here, we test how the distribution of NHCs and MaxEnt predictions relates to a spatial abundance model, based on a large plot dataset for Amazonian tree species, using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We also propose a new pipeline to deal with inconsistencies in NHCs and to limit the area of occupancy of the species. We found a significant but weak positive relationship between the distribution of NHCs and IDW for 66% of the species. The relationship between SDMs and IDW was also significant but weakly positive for 95% of the species, and sensitivity for both analyses was high. Furthermore, the pipeline removed half of the NHCs records. Presence-only SDM applications should consider this limitation, especially for large biodiversity assessments projects, when they are automatically generated without subsequent checking. Our pipeline provides a conservative estimate of a species' area of occupancy, within an area slightly larger than its extent of occurrence, compatible to e.g. IUCN red list assessments. Coordenação de Botânica Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Ambientais Universidade Federal Do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01 Biodiversity Dynamics Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517 Marine and Coastal Management, Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1 Coordenação de Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 EMBRAPA Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, BR 174 km 8, Distrito Industrial Herbario Amazónico Colombiano Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5-44 Department of Integrative Biology University of California Universidad San Francisco de Quito Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 School of Geography University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane Department of Wetland Ecology Institute of Geography and Geoecology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr 1 Biogeochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas Do Amapá - IEPA Campus Do IEPA da Fazendinha, Rodovia JK Km 10 AMAP IRD Cirad CNRS INRA Université de Montpellier, TA A-51/PS2, Bd. de la Lironde Science and Education Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Jardín Botánico de Missouri Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências - IB, Av. 24 A 1515 Centro de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto - DSR Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas 1758 Herbario Vargas Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733 Departamento de Geografia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Extas - IGCe Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9.5 Center for Tropical Conservation Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte Universidade Federal de Rondônia Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5 Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal Santa Cruz, Av. 6 agosto 28 Km 14,Doble via La Guardia Casilla, 6204 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Do Estado de Mato Grosso Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP, Av. A. Quiñones km 2.5 Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65 Agteca-Amazonica Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Santa Cruz Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia Embrapa Recursos Genéticos Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W5 Norte Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane Fiocruz, Rua Terezina 476 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Saúde Instituto Oswaldo Cruz IOC/FIOCRUZ Pav. Arthur Neiva, Térreo Av. Brasil 4365 Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904 Programa de Ciencias Del Agro y El Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) UNELLEZ-Guanare Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd MAUA Working Group Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane Center for Conservation Education Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123 Biologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109 Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, P.O. Box 47 Natural Capital and Plant Health Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Ecosistemas Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral) Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Santa Cruz, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489 Centro de Biociências Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte Campus Universitário Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral Instituto de Biociências Dept. Ecologia Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321 Diretoria de Pesquisas Científicas Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes Universidad Central, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177 International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243 Grupo de Ecología de Ecosistemas Terrestres Tropicales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía Institute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Museu Universitário Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal Universidade Federal Do Acre Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Km 7 via Muyuna Cirad UMR Ecofog AgrosParisTech CNRS INRA Univ Guyane Campus Agronomique Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405 Herbario Nacional de Bolivia Universitario UMSA, Casilla 10077 Correo Central Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299 School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS Université Paul Sabatier UMR 5174 EDB Department of Forestry Management Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Avenido La Molina, Apdo. 456 School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings Biology Department Center for Energy Environment and Sustainability Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd Department of Anthropology University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200 Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program Madre de Dios Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201 Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales-COCIBA Galapagos Institute for the Arts and Sciences-GAIAS Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ Department of Wildlife Ecology Conservation University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall Fundación Estación de Biología, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201 Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro S/no Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945 Amazon Conservation Team, Doekhieweg Oost #24 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Medio Ambiente Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, Jirón San Martín 451 Laboratory of Human Ecology Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632 Departement EV Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 16 rue Buffon Instituto de Ciência Agrárias Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501 PROTERRA Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2 5 ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco No 370 Universidad Autónoma Del Beni José Ballivián Campus Universitario Final, Av. Ejercito Regional Norte Amazónico Centro de Investigación y Promoción Del Campesinado, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra No 362 Environmental Change Institute Oxford University Centre for the Environment Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road School of Agriculture and Food Sciences ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions CEED University of Queensland Instituto de Investigaciones para El Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR) Universidad de Los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101 School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington University of Nottingham, University Park Geography and the Environment University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, CLA building Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 Department of Biology University of Maryland GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3o Piso Environmental Science and Policy Northern Arizona University FOMABO Manejo Forestal en Las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR) Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS) Agricultural Services Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security Agricultural Services Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security Mauritius Herbarium Department of Bioscience Aarhus University, Building 1540 Ny Munkegade Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10 Medio Ambiente PLUSPRETOL Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability Smithsonian's National Zoo Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Ave Tropenbos International, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232 Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará Campus Tapajós, Rua Vera Paz Department of Biology University of Missouri Facultad de Biologia Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent, Marlowe Building Herbario Nacional Del Ecuador Universidad Técnica Del Norte Ecology and Biodiversity Group Utrecht University, Padualaan 8 Systems Ecology Free University, De Boelelaan 1087 Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências - IB, Av. 24 A 1515 Departamento de Geografia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Extas - IGCe CAPES: 407232/2013-3-PVE CNPq: 407232/2013-3-PVE Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação: 407232/2013-3-PVE Ministério da Educação: 407232/2013-3-PVE
Published: 2018

19. Moutabea chartacea (Polygalaceae), a new species from the north-central Amazon and Guayana Shield

Author: A C Gerardo Aymard, Lisa M. Campbell, and Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
Subjects: Delta, Wet lowland forests, General Mathematics, General Physics and Astronomy, Colombia, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Calyx, Moutabea, History and Philosophy of Science, Botany, Flora de la Guayana Venezolana, Bract, biology, Amazon rainforest, Brasil, Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Trichome, Polygalaceae, General Energy, Geography, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Key (lock), bosques húmedos, Petal, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Brazil
Abstract: We describe and illustrate Moutabea chartacea from the wet lowland forests of Brazil (Amazonas state), Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar and Delta Amacuro states), and Colombia (Caquetá, Meta and Vaupés departments), and we discuss its morphological relationships with an allied species. This new species is similar to M. gentryi, but it differs by its smaller petioles, leaf blades, calyx lobes, fruit, and seeds; triangular bracts; petals not reflexed; and the seed densely covered by stellate trichomes. An updated key to the named species of Moutabea is provided. Resumen Se describe e ilustra la especie Moutabea chartacea, de los bosques húmedos de tierras bajas de Brasil (estado Amazonas), Venezuela (estados Amazonas, Bolívar y Delta Amacuro) y Colombia (departamentos de Caquetá, Meta y Vaupés), y se discuten sus relaciones morfológicas con su especie afín. Esta nueva especie es similar a M. gentryi, sin embargo, difiere por poseer los pecíolos, hojas, lóbulos de cáliz, frutos y semillas más pequeños, así como brácteas triangulares, pétalos con los ápices no reflexos y semillas densamente cubiertas por tricomas estrellados. Se incluye una clave actualizada de las especies de Moutabea.
Published: 2018

20. The First Botanical Exploration to the Upper Cuiarí (Cuyarí) and Isana Rivers, Upper Río Negro Basin, Guainía Department, Colombia

Author: Adela Lozano, Francisco Castro-L., A C Gerardo Aymard, Daniel S. Bernal-Linares, Germán Bernal-Gutiérrez, Albeiro Calero-Cayopare, Henry Arellano-P., and Carlos Méndez-R.
Subjects: Flora, Geography, Amazon rainforest, Amazonian, Sclerophyll, Plant Science, Vegetation, Structural basin, Archaeology, Training (civil), Floristics
Abstract: This account reports a journey of ca. 500 km from the city of Inirida to the Colombian basins of the Cuiari and Isana Rivers (Guiania department) in April–May 2014, the first botanical expedition to this region. This area exemplifies one of the last innermost and botanically unexplored regions of the northwestern corner of the Amazon basin (the upper Rio Negro basin), aside from the fieldwork started some 234 years ago with the exploration of the middle and lower portion of the Isana basin in Brazil (where it is called Icana) by the Portuguese naturalist Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. On our expedition we collected 1301 botanical numbers, which resulted in eight new species (two already published), two new families, and 24 species new to the Flora of Colombia. Another noteworthy feature is the high diversity of the forests in the upper Isana River, represented by between 108 and 162 spp. with a diameters ≥ 2.5 cm in different 40 × 40 m plots (1600 m2). The Isana River is a white-water basin (with high levels of sediments), with large areas covered by the vegetation typical of black-water rivers (Amazon Caatinga forests, lower forests, savannas and sclerophyllous shrubby vegetation over white-sand soils). This feature results from the influence of several black-water rivers, the headwaters of which drain from Precambrian Guiana shield outcrops. This account of the first botanical exploration in the Colombian portion of the Cuiari and Isana Rivers is yet another example of the need for continued floristic studies in regions where there are large geographic gaps in the knowledge of Amazonian flora. Advances in documentation of this flora can be achieved through institutional and private partnerships, improved training, and continued fieldwork in collaboration with local inhabitants. A discussion of demarcation issues regarding the frontier between Brazil and Colombia in this northwestern corner of the Amazon basin, its physical and biological environments, and its ancestral and current inhabitants is presented.
Published: 2019

21. A New Species of Eperua (Leguminosae, Detarioideae) from Amazonas State, Venezuela

Author: A C Gerardo Aymard and Gustavo A. Romero-González
Subjects: Geography, Taxon, Eperua, biology, Genus, Ecology, Key (lock), Plant Science, Fabaceae, biology.organism_classification, Affinities, Detarioideae
Abstract: A new species of Eperua from the upper basin of the San Miguel River, Amazonas state, Venezuela, is described and illustrated. Its affinities within the genus are discussed and an updated key to identify the 20 currently recognized taxa is provided.
Published: 2019

22. Environmental drivers of forest structure and stem turnover across Venezuelan tropical forests

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Lionel Hernández, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Luis E. Gámez, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Emilio Vilanova, Gregory J. Ettl, Cristabel Durán, Oliver L. Phillips, Armando Torres-Lezama, and Rafael Herrera
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rain, Plant Science, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Tropical climate, Biomass, Biomass (ecology), Principal Component Analysis, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Plant Anatomy, Temperature, Eukaryota, Plants, Terrestrial Environments, Wood, Alluvial plain, Productivity (ecology), Regional variation, Research Design, Medicine, Seasons, Research Article, Census, Ecological Metrics, Death Rates, Science, Biomass (Ecology), Climate change, Context (language use), Research and Analysis Methods, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecosystems, Population Metrics, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Survey Research, Population Biology, Productivity (Ecology), Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Venezuela, Carbon, Earth Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Using data from 50 long-term permanent plots from across Venezuelan forests in northern South America, we explored large-scale patterns of stem turnover, aboveground biomass (AGB) and woody productivity (AGWP), and the relationships between them and with potential climatic drivers. We used principal component analysis coupled with generalized least squares models to analyze the relationship between climate, forest structure and stem dynamics. Two major axes associated with orthogonal temperature and moisture gradients effectively described more than 90% of the environmental variability in the dataset. Average turnover was 1.91 ± 0.10% year-1 with mortality and recruitment being almost identical, and close to average rates for other mature tropical forests. Turnover rates were significantly different among regions (p < 0.001), with the lowland forests in Western alluvial plains being the most dynamic, and Guiana Shield forests showing the lowest turnover rates. We found a weak positive relationship between AGB and AGWP, with Guiana Shield forests having the highest values for both variables (204.8 ± 14.3 Mg C ha-1 and 3.27 ± 0.27 Mg C ha-1 year-1 respectively), but AGB was much more strongly and negatively related to stem turnover. Our data suggest that moisture is a key driver of turnover, with longer dry seasons favoring greater rates of tree turnover and thus lower biomass, having important implications in the context of climate change, given the increases in drought frequency in many tropical forests. Regional variation in AGWP among Venezuelan forests strongly reflects the effects of climate, with greatest woody productivity where both precipitation and temperatures are high. Overall, forests in wet, low elevation sites and with slow turnover stored the greatest amounts of biomass. Although faster stand dynamics are closely associated with lower carbon storage, stem-level turnover rates and woody productivity did not show any correlation, indicating that stem dynamics and carbon dynamics are largely decoupled from one another.
Published: 2018

23. Paypayrola Arenacea(Violaceae), a New Species with an Unusual Life-Form from a White Sand Savanna in the Amazon River Basin of Venezuela

Author: Gustavo A. Romero-González, Lisa M. Campbell, and Gerardo Aymard-C
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Drainage basin, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Phytogeography, Genus, parasitic diseases, Tributary, Botany, Habit (biology), Substrate (aquarium), Key (lock), Violaceae
Abstract: A new species of Paypayrola from a white sand savanna in the San Miguel river basin, a tributary of the lower Guainia river in Amazonas State, Venezuela, is described, illustrated, and its relationships with putatively allied species are discussed. This new species differs from all others in the genus in its small habit and aggregate life-form. The flowers are similar to those of P. confertiflora and P. blanchetiana but are intermediate in size and the petals are pink- or red-tinged. The phytogeography of white sand savannas is briefly discussed and a key and a synopsis of the known species of Paypayrola are presented in two appendices. Leaf structure and histology were studied using both light and scanning electron microscopy and a chemical test showed a positive reaction to aluminum accumulation in leaf tissues. However, it was not possible to ascertain if levels of aluminum accumulation exceeded what was present in the substrate.
Published: 2014

24. Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees

Author: Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, William F. Laurance, Jérôme Chave, Kyle G. Dexter, Hans ter Steege, Miguel Alexiades, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Iêda Leão do Amaral, J. Natalino M. Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Adriana Prieto, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Yadvinder Malhi, Alejandro Araujo, Fredy Ramírez, Marisol Toledo, Marcelo F. Simon, Carlos A. Quesada, Rodolfo Vasquez, Susan G. Laurance, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Marcos Silveira, Agustín Rudas, R. Toby Pennington, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Emanuel Gloor, Hirma Ramírez Angulo, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Timothy R. Baker, Ana Andrade, Simon L. Lewis, Gerardo Aymard, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Vincent A. Vos, Isau Huamantupa, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Luzmila Arroyo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Esteban Álvarez, Damien Bonal, Euridice Honorio, Claudio Leaño, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Susana Magallón, Timothy J. Killeen, Niro Higuchi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Ted R. Feldpausch, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Anthony Di Fiore, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Emilio Vilanova, John Terborgh, University of Leeds, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), James Cook University (JCU), University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad del Tolima, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Herbario Universitario PORT, Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Conservation International, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (CENARGEN), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Universiteit Utrecht, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Environmental Research Council [NE/I028122/1, NE/F005806/1], European Commission [282664, 283080], Royal Society, National Geographic Society, Tropenbos International, European Commission, NASA Longterm Biosphere-Atmosphere Project in Amazonia (LBA), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [558069/2009-6], projeto INCT Processo [574008/2008-0], National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Brazil, Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network, a collaboration among Conservation International, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, French ANR [CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025, TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041], European Research Council project 'Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System', Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity
Subjects: tropical forest, Canopy, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Amazonian, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, generation time, Biology, Models, Biological, diversity, Trees, traits, Models, evolution, Tropical climate, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, patterns, Letters, species richness, Clade, climate, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, forests, Tropical Climate, Diversity, Vegetation, Ecology, clades, life-history, turnover, South America, 15. Life on land, Biological, divergence times, Trait, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Species richness, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat, ecological limits
Abstract: International audience; The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait and demographic data from a large network of forest plots, we show that fast demographic traits - short turnover times - are associated with high diversification rates across 51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to assuming that diversification rates are either constant or decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of Amazonian trees and forests.
Published: 2014

25. Ouratea cataniapoensis, a New Name for O. megaphylla (Ochnaceae)

Author: A C Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: Taxon, biology, Botany, Ochnaceae, Plant Science, Ouratea, biology.organism_classification, Homonym (biology)
Abstract: The new name Ouratea cataniapoensis (Ochnaceae) is proposed to replace the illegitimate homonym O. megaphylla. Chorological and taxonomic notes about these taxa also are provided.
Published: 2018

26. A New Species ofOrmosia(Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Sophoreae) from the Guayana Shield, Bolivar State, Venezuela

Author: A C Gerardo Aymard and Elio Sanoja
Subjects: Ormosia, biology, Plant morphology, Amazonian, Botany, Taxonomy (biology), Plant Science, Sophoreae, biology.organism_classification, Calyx
Abstract: Ormosia mataridek (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Sophoreae s.l., Genistoid clade) from Sierra de Lema, Bolivar state, Venezuela, is described, illustrated, and its relationships with allied species in Ormosia section Ormosia are discussed. The new species is similar to the Amazonian and Guayana Shield close species O. bolivarensis and O. nobilis; however, it differs in its smaller leaflets, flowers and fruit, calyx lobes 1.5–3 mm long, the standard 8–9 mm long, and the 1–2-seeded, entire, suborbicular to ovate fruit.
Published: 2012

27. Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications

Author: Olga Gladys Martínez, Natalia del Pilar Moreno, Dryflor, Flávia Fonseca Pezzini, Tiina Särkinen, Jafet M. Nassar, Nelly Rodríguez, Omar Melo, Hilda del Carmen Dueñas, Luciano A. Galetti, Michael P. Oatham, Julián Camilo Arteaga, Danilo M. Neves, Hermes Cuadros, Humfredo Marcano-Vega, Morag McDonald, Ethan H. Freid, Diego Alonso Restrepo Molina, Roy González-M., Francisco Mijares, Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho, Darién E. Prado, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Julia Weintritt, Ángel Fernández, Juan Adarve, Wilson Devia, Laurie Fajardo, Gerardo Aymard, Freddy Delgado, R. Toby Pennington, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, Alma Rosa Olvera-Luna, Janet Franklin, Esteban Álvarez, Melvin Smith, Reina Gonto, Boris Villanueva, Virginia Yanina Mogni, Orlando Rivera, Natalia Ceballos-Mago, Carlos Vargas, Alfonso Delgado-Salinas, M M Gina Rodríguez, B Anairamiz Aranguren, Hernán M. Maturo, Alicia Rojas, Álvaro Idárraga, Orlando Joel Reyes Dominguez, María Elvira Ríos, Luis Jorge Oakley, Roger Graveson, Alejandro Castaño, Eileen H. Helmer, Kurt McLaren, René López, Álvaro Cogollo, Martin R. Pullan, Kyle G. Dexter, Karina Banda-R, Miller Ángel Fernández, Ricarda Riina, Catalina Quintana, and Roberto Sánchez
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biodiversity, Tropical climate, Forests, Procedures, Environmental protection, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Species endemicity, Neotropical dry forest, Caribbean islands, Savanna, Species inventory, National planning, Phylogeny, Species diversity, Priority journal, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Grassland, Wood, Caribbean region, Geography, Caribbean Region, Tropic climate, TREES, Seasons, Tree, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, TROPICAL FOREST, Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Neotropics, Conservation of Natural Resources, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Decision Making, CONSERVATION, Plant community, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Ciencias Biológicas, Tropical rain forest, Dry forest, South and central america, Forest, AMERICA, Conservation planning, Neotropical region, Woody plant, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Caribbean, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Rain forest, Latin america, 15. Life on land, Nonhuman, Floristics, Latin America, Threatened species, Conservation of natural resources, Season, Species richness, Decision making
Abstract: Seasonally dry tropical forests are distributed across Latin America and the Caribbean and are highly threatened, with less than 10% of their original extent remaining in many countries. Using 835 inventories covering 4660 species of woody plants, we show marked floristic turnover among inventories and regions, which may be higher than in other neotropical biomes, such as savanna. Such high floristic turnover indicates that numerous conservation areas across many countries will be needed to protect the full diversity of tropical dry forests. Our results provide a scientific framework within which national decision-makers can contextualize the floristic significance of their dry forest at a regional and continental scale., This paper is the result of the Latin American and Caribbean Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest Floristic Network (DRYFLOR), which has been supported at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh by a Leverhulme Trust International Network Grant (IN-074). This work was also supported by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/ I028122/1; Colciencias Ph.D. scholarship 529; Synthesys Programme GBTAF-2824; the NSF (NSF 1118340 and 1118369); the Instituto Humboldt (IAvH)–Red colombiana de investigación y monitoreo en bosque seco; the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI; Tropi-Dry, CRN2-021, funded by NSF GEO 0452325); Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR); and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). The data reported in this paper are available at www.dryflor.info. R.T.P. conceived the study. M.P., A.O.-F., K.B.-R., R.T.P., and J.W. designed the DRYFLOR database system. K.B.-R. and K.G.D. carried out most analyses. K.B.-R. R.T.P., and K.G.D. wrote the manuscript with substantial input from A.D.-S., R.L.-P., A.O.-F., D.P., C.Q., and R.R.
Published: 2016

28. Duranta neblinensis (Verbenaceae, Duranteae): A new species from Sierra de la Neblina, Amazonas state, Venezuela

Author: R A José Grande and A C Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: Plant ecology, biology, Duranta, Verbenaceae, Botany, Rostrum, Key (lock), Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Calyx
Abstract: Duranta neblinensis, from Sierra de la Neblina, Amazonas state, Venezuela is described, illustrated, and its morphological relationships with allied species are discussed. This new species is similar to D. obtusifolia, but it differs by its stout spines; pubescent petioles and leaves; apiculate calyx lobes; and fruits with an open, slender, curved rostrum . An updated key to the six Venezuelan species of Duranta is presented, and phytogeographic information about Sierra de la Neblina is provided.
Published: 2012

29. Fitogeografía de la flora vascular del páramo de Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, Venezuela) y sus conexiones con otras floras de páramo

Author: C. Gerardo Aymard, Nidia L. Cuello, Antoine M. Cleef, and Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: Vascular plant, Orchidaceae, Flora, biology, Ecology, phytogeography, Hymenophyllum, Botany, Andes, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Phytogeography, Venezuela, Floristics, páramo flora, Talamancas, flora de páramo, lcsh:QK1-989, Geography, Genus, QK1-989, lcsh:Botany, Endemism, fitogeografía, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Ramal de Guaramacal is an outlier and lower elevation mountain range located at the northeastern end of the Venezuelan Andes. Phytogeographical patterns and affinities of the low altitude and wet vascular páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal, have been studied with emphasis in to the analysis of the floristic connections of the Guaramacal páramo flora with the neighboring dry páramos of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida and other páramo floras of the northern Andes and Central America. A total of 252 vascular plant taxa belonging to 150 genera and 69 families were recorded from the study area. The most species rich families are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Ericaceae and Orchidaceae, followed by the ferns families Grammitidaceae and Lycopodiacae. The most diverse genera are the ferns Elaphoglossum, Huperzia and Hymenophyllum. The analysis of generic phytogeographical composition of páramo flora showed that 52.8% of the genera are Tropical. The Temperate component is represented by 33.3% of the genera and the Cosmopolitan component is represented by 13.9% of the genera. The Neo - tropical montane element (38.9%) is high in Guaramacal páramo, the Páramo endemic element (1.9%) and the Andean alpine element (0.9%) and represented by only one genus (Lachemilla) are low compared to other páramo areas. The vascular flora of Páramo de Guaramacal is largely composed of (1) a group of Neotropical widespread distributed species (32%), (2) a group of Andean distributed species (49%), part of them confined to the Northern Andes and part widespread in the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia, and (3) a group of Venezuelan endemics (19%). From an eight páramo flora comparative dataset, the closest relationships among páramos is observed between the generic páramo floras of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental of Sumapáz and Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, which are both closely related to that of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida in Venezuela. The generic páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal shows the closest relationship to southern Ecuador páramo flora of Podo - carpus Biosphere Reserve. According to Detrended Correspondance Analysis and Principal Component Analysis ordination results, most of the variations in páramo floras may represent a response to differences in ambient humidity.El Ramal de Guaramacal es una pequeña ramificación montañosa ubicada al extremo nororiental de los Andes venezolanos. Se estudiaron los patrones fitogeográficos y afinidades de la flora vascular de páramo húmedo y de baja altitud del Ramal de Guaramacal, con énfasis en el análisis de sus conexiones florísticas con páramos secos cercanos de la Sierra Nevada de Mérida y otras floras de páramo de los Andes del Norte y Centroamérica. En el área de estudio se han registrado un total de 252 táxones de plantas vasculares pertenecientes a 150 géneros y 69 familias. Las familias más ricas en especies son Asteraceae, Poaceae, Ericaceae y Orchidaceae, seguidas por las familias de helechos Grammitidaceae y Lycopodiacae. Los géneros más diversos son los helechos Elaphoglossum, Huperzia e Hymenophyllum. El análisis de composición fitogeográfica a nivel genérico de la flora de páramo mostró que el 52,8% de los géneros es Tropical. El componente Templado está representado por el 33,3% de los géneros; y el componente Cosmopolita, por el 13,9%. El elemento Montano Neotropical (38.9%) es alto en el páramo de Guaramacal; los elementos Endémico de Páramo (1,9%) y Alpino Andino (0,9%), representado sólo por un género (Lachemilla), son bajos en comparación con otras áreas de páramo. La flora vascular de Páramo de Guaramacal está integrada en gran medida por: 1) un grupo de especies de distribución amplia neo - tropical (32%), 2) un grupo de especies de distribución Andina (49%) –parte de ellas se limita a los Andes del Norte y parte se generaliza en los Andes desde Colombia hasta Bolivia– y 3) un grupo de especies endémicas de Venezuela (19%). De la comparación del conjunto de datos de flora de ocho páramos, las relaciones más cercanas entre éstos se observan entre las floras genéricas de los páramos de la Cordillera Oriental colombiana, Sumapáz y Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, los cuales están estrechamente relacionados con la Sierra Nevada de Mérida en Venezuela. La flora genérica de páramo del Ramal de Guaramacal muestra la relación más cercana con la flora de páramo de la Reserva de Biosfera Podocarpus al sur del Ecuador. Según los resultados de ordenación DCA y PCA, la mayoría de las variaciones en las floras de los páramos analizados pueden representar una respuesta a diferencias de humedad ambiental.
Published: 2010
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30. A new species of Securidaca (Polygalaceae) from sandstone outcrops in the Venezuelan Andes

Author: Gerardo Aymard and Lisa M. Campbell
Subjects: Flora, biology, Amazon rainforest, Securidaca, Ecology, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Plant ecology, Botany, Key (lock), Polygalaceae, Petal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Terete
Abstract: A new species ofSecuridaca was found during the preparation of the Polygalaceae treatment for theNuevo Catalogo de la Flora de Venezuela.Securidaca fundacionensis, from La Fundacion, in the Venezuelan Andes, is described, illustrated, and its morphological relationship with an allied species is discussed. This new species is similar toS. uniflora, but it differs by its terete branches; broadly ovate leaves; larger petioles, flowers, fruits; and flabellate-crested keel (abaxial) petal. An updated key to the 27 Venezuelan species ofSecuridaca is presented, and phytogeographical information about La Fundacion is provided.
Published: 2007

31. Phylogenetic diversity of Amazonian tree communities

Author: Esteban Álvarez, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, William F. Laurance, Oliver L. Phillips, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Hans ter Steege, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Walter Palacios Cuenca, John Terborgh, David A. Neill, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Eric Arets, Hirma Ramírez Angulo, Susan G. Laurance, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Carlos A. Quesada, Ted R. Feldpausch, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Adriana Prieto, Niro Higuchi, Miguel Alexiades, Christopher Baraloto, Simon L. Lewis, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Vincent A. Vos, Ana Andrade, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Carlos Cerón, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Gerardo Aymard, Anthony Di Fiore, Nigel C. A. Pitman, R. Toby Pennington, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Roel J. W. Brienen, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Jérôme Chave, Norma Salinas Revilla, Damien Bonal, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kyle G. Dexter, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Marisol Toledo, William Farfan-Rios, Agustín Rudas, Miles R. Silman, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh], Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kent [Canterbury], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), James Cook University (JCU), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Chercheur indépendant, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz 10260, Bolivia, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), European Project: 282664,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,AMAZALERT(2011), Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds, Kyle G. Dexter, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, R. Toby Pennington, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Jérôme Chave, CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier, Simon L. Lewis, University of Leeds / University College London, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Esteban Alvarez, Jardín Botânico de Medellín, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Projeto TEAM - INPA, Iêda L. Amaral, PROJETO TEAM - INPA, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado & Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Eric J. M. M. Arets, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Gerardo A. Aymard, UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Christopher Baraloto, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique / Florida International University, Damien Bonal, INRA-Université de Lorraine, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Carlos Cerón, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas, William Farfan-Rios, Wake Forest University, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter, Niro Higuchi, INPA, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Susan G. Laurance, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, William F. Laurance, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Gabriela López-Gonzalez, University of Leeds, Beatriz S. Marimon, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, JardíN Botánico de Missouri, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Universidad Técnica del Norte & Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Duke University / The Field Museum, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carlos A. Quesada, INPA, Hirma Ramirez Angulo, Universidad de Los Andes, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Norma Salinas Revilla, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco / University of Oxford, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG, Ana Segalin de Andrade, INPA, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Wilson Spironello, PROJETO TEAM - INPA, Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, John Terborgh, Duke University, Marisol Toledo, Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal / Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Ima C. G. Vieira, MPEG, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Universidad de Los Andes, Vincent Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds., and Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Liliopsida, Árvore, Monocots, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Filogenética, Magnoliophyta, Phylogenetic diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant Community, Forest and Landscape Ecology, species richness, Clade, Vegetatie, Monocotyledon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Vegetation, Forest inventory, Phylogenetic tree, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Magnoliids, Amazonia, 15. Life on land, Phylogenetics, Taxon, Dicotyledon, Diversidade, phylogenetic diversity, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Species richness, Amazon basin, Eudicots
Abstract: Aim: To examine variation in the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of tree communities across geographical and environmental gradients in Amazonia. Location: Two hundred and eighty-three c. 1 ha forest inventory plots from across Amazonia. Methods: We evaluated PD as the total phylogenetic branch length across species in each plot (PDss), the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance between species (MPD), the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and their equivalents standardized for species richness (ses.PDss, ses.MPD, ses.MNTD). We compared PD of tree communities growing (1) on substrates of varying geological age; and (2) in environments with varying ecophysiological barriers to growth and survival. Results: PDss is strongly positively correlated with species richness (SR), whereas MNTD has a negative correlation. Communities on geologically young- and intermediate-aged substrates (western and central Amazonia respectively) have the highest SR, and therefore the highest PDss and the lowest MNTD. We find that the youngest and oldest substrates (the latter on the Brazilian and Guiana Shields) have the highest ses.PDss and ses.MNTD. MPD and ses.MPD are strongly correlated with how evenly taxa are distributed among the three principal angiosperm clades and are both highest in western Amazonia. Meanwhile, seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and forests on white sands have low PD, as evaluated by any metric. Main conclusions: High ses.PDss and ses.MNTD reflect greater lineage diversity in communities. We suggest that high ses.PDss and ses.MNTD in western Amazonia results from its favourable, easy-to-colonize environment, whereas high values in the Brazilian and Guianan Shields may be due to accumulation of lineages over a longer period of time. White-sand forests and SDTF are dominated by close relatives from fewer lineages, perhaps reflecting ecophysiological barriers that are difficult to surmount evolutionarily. Because MPD and ses.MPD do not reflect lineage diversity per se, we suggest that PDss, ses.PDss and ses.MNTD may be the most useful diversity metrics for setting large-scale conservation priorities. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Published: 2015

32. Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Author: Ted R. Feldpausch, Naara Ferreira da Silva, A C Gerardo Aymard, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Milton Tirado, Egleé L. Zent, Nállarett Dávila, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Therany Gonzales, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Francisco Dallmeier, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, William Milliken, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Rafael L. Assis, Natalia Targhetta, César I.A. Vela, Miguel Alexiades, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Henrik Balslev, Ophelia Wang, Patricio von Hildebrand, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, José Ferreira Ramos, Alfonso Alonso, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Bruce Hoffman, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Alberto Vincentini, Bruno Garcia Luize, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Corine Vriesendorp, José Luís Camargo, Cláudia Baider, Dairon Cárdenas López, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Adriana Prieto, Natalino Silva, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Christopher Baraloto, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Hans ter Steege, Deborah de Castro, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Carvalho, Ademir R. Ruschell, Tinde van Andel, Maria Pires Martins, Yadvinder Malhi, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Agustín Rudas, Marisol Toledo, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Peter M. Jørgensen, Ben-Hur Marimon, Juliana Stropp, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Daniel Sabatier, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, James A. Comiskey, Thaise Emilio, Roderick Zagt, Gabriel Damasco, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Lionel Hernández, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, William Farfan-Rios, Rodrigo Sierra, Florian Wittmann, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, William E. Magnusson, Miles R. Silman, Anthony Di Fiore, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Daniel Villarroel, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Italo Mesones, Priscila Souza, Carolina V. Castilho, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Katia Regina Casula, Jochen Schöngart, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Juan Fernando Phillips, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carlos Cerón, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Stanford Zent, Daniela Pauletto, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Ana Andrade, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Paul V. A. Fine, Timothy R. Baker, Carlos A. Peres, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Hernán Castellanos, M. P. Pansonato, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Marcelo F. Simon, Casimiro Mendoza, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, William F. Laurance, Jean-François Molino, Ángela Cano, Juliana Schietti, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Luzmila Arroyo, Doug Daly, Julien Engel, Natalia de Castro, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Cid Ferreira, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, Kenneth R. Young, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Timothy J. Killeen, Susamar Pansini, Paul J. M. Maas, Charles E. Zartman, Vincent A. Vos, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Rogério Gribel, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Hugo Mogollón, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Duke University [Durham], Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador] (UDLA), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Missouri Bot Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, James Cook University (JCU), School of Geography [Leeds], Department of Integrative Biology, Bot Grad Program, Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, University of Edinburgh, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, MRC 705, Box 37012, Washington, DC, VA 20013-7012, USA, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas, Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Humboldt State University (HSU), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Department of Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Chercheur indépendant, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford [Oxford], Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), School of Geography, University of Oxford, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Instituto de Manejo Forestal, University of Kent [Canterbury], Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Alberta Mennega Stichting, ALCOA Suriname, Amazon Conservation Association, Banco de la Republica, CELOS Suriname, CAPES (PNPG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvovimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), PELD [558069/2009-6, 403792/2012-6], PRONEX-FAPEAM [1600/2006], Areas Umidas, MAUA, PPBio, PVE [004/2012], Universal [479599/2008-4, 3078072009-6], FAPEAM [DCR/2006], Hidroveg, FAPESP, PRONEX, Colciencias, CONICIT, Duke University, Ecopetrol, FEPIM [044/2003], The Field Museum, Conservation International/DC, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Guyana Forestry Commission, Investissement d'Avenir grant of the French ANR [ANR-10-LABX-0025], IVIC, Margaret Mee Amazon Trust, Miquel fonds, MCTI-Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi-Proc [407232/2013-3-PVE-MEC/MCTI/CAPES/CNPq], National Geographic Society [7754-04, 8047-06, 6679-99, 7435-03, 8481-08], NSF Dissertation Improvement, Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research WOTRO [WB85-335, W84-581], Primate Conservation Inc., Programme Ecosystemes Tropicaux (French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development), Shell Prospecting and Development Peru, Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, Stichting het van Eeden-fonds, The Body Shop, The Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador, TROBIT, Tropenbos International, U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF-0743457, NSF0101775, NSF-0918591], USAID, Variety Woods Guyana, Wenner-Gren Foundation, WWF-Brazil, WWF-Guianas, Xlleme Contrat de Plan Etat Region-Guyane (French Government and European Union), European Union, UK Natural Environment Research Council, Gordon and BettyMoore Foundation, European Research Council Advanced Grant, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, [NSF-0726797], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), ter Steege, Hans, Hans ter Steege, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, Nigel C. A. Pitman, The Field Museum / Duke University, Timothy J. Killeen, Agteca-Amazonica, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Carlos A. Peres, University of East Anglia, Juan Ernesto Guevara, University of California / Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Iêda Leão Amaral, INPA, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, INPA, Luiz de Souza Coelho, INPA, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, INPA, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, IEPA, Mariana Victória Irume, INPA, Maria Pires Martins, INPA, Jean-François Molino, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Daniel Sabatier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Florian Wittmann, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Dairon Cárdenas López, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, IEPA, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, UFRO, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, UFRO, John Terborgh, Duke University, Katia Regina Casula, UFRO, Juan Carlos Montero, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Leeds / University of Exeter, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds / Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Alvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Charles Eugene Zartman, INPA, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Rodolfo Vasquez, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Rafael L. Assis, INPA, MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS, CENARGEN, MARCELO FRAGOMENI SIMON, CENARGEN, Ana Andrade, INPA, José Luís Camargo, INPA, Susan G. W. Laurance, James Cook University, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, INPA, Beatriz S. Marimon, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Ben-Hur Marimon Jr., Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Flávia Costa, INPA, Natalia Targhetta, INPA, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, MPEG, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Hernán Castellanos, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, University of Amsterdam, Hugo F. Mogollón, Endangered Species Coalition, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, INPA, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service, Gabriel Damasco, University of California, Nállarett Dávila, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Universidad de los Andes, Alberto Vincentini, INPA, Thaise Emilio, INPA / Royal Botanic Gardens, Carolina Levis, INPA / University of Wageningen, Juliana Schietti, INPA, Priscila Souza, INPA, Alfonso Alonso, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Francisco Dallmeier, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Luzmila Arroyo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, INPA, Fernanda Coelho Souza, INPA, Dário Dantas do Amaral, MPEG, Rogerio Gribel, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Bruno Garcia Luize, INPA, Marcelo Petrati Pansonato, INPA, Eduardo Venticinque, UFRN, Paul Fine, University of California, Marisol Toledo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Chris Baraloto, INRA / Florida International University, Carlos Cerón, Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Julien Engel, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, Terry W. Henkel, Humboldt State University, Eliana M. Jimenez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Paul Maas, Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Pascal Petronelli, INRA, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, INPA, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Juliana Stropp, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission / Federal University of Alagoas, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Tim R. Baker, University of Leeds, Doug Daly, New York Botanical Garden, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Naara Ferreira da Silva, INPA, Alfredo Fuentes, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Peter Møller Jørgensen, Missouri Botanical Garden, Jochen Schöngart, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, INPA, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Juan Fernando Phillips, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Tinde R. van Andel, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Patricio von Hildebrand, Fundación Estación de Biología, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, INPA, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, INPA, Deborah de Castro, INPA, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Therany Gonzales, ACEER Foundation, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, Bruce Hoffman, Amazon Conservation Team, Yadvinder Malhi, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, INPA, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Natalino Silva, UFRA, César I. A. Vela, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Vincent A. Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni / Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, Eglée L. Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Stanford Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Angela Cano, Universidad de los Andes, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Alexandre A. Oliveira, USP, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, José Ferreira Ramos, INPA, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Milton Tirado, GeoIS, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, University of Maryland, Geertje van der Heijden, University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Corine Vriesendorp, The Field Museum, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Claudia Baider, USP / Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University, Natalia de Castro, INPA, William Farfan-Rios, Wake Forest University, Cid Ferreira, INPA, Casimiro Mendoza, FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia / UniversidadMayor de San Simon, Italo Mesones, University of California, Armando Torres-Lezama, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Daniel Villarroel, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Roderick Zagt, Tropenbos International, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Wake Forest University, Lionel Hernandez, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Susamar Pansini, UFRO, Daniela Pauletto, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, UFRO, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana / University of Missouri, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri., HANS TER STEEGE, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, NIGEL C. A. PITMAN, The Field Museum / Duke University, TIMOTHY J. KILLEEN, Agteca-Amazonica, WILLIAM F. LAURANCE, James Cook University, CARLOS A. PERES, University of East Anglia, JUAN ERNESTO GUEVARA, University of California / Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, RAFAEL P. SALOMÃO, MPEG, IÊDA LEÃO AMARAL, INPA, FRANCISCA DIONÍZIA DE ALMEIDA MATOS, INPA, LUIZ DE SOUZA COELHO, INPA, WILLIAM E. MAGNUSSON, INPA, OLIVER L. PHILLIPS, University of Leeds, DIOGENES DE ANDRADE LIMA FILHO, INPA, MARCELO DE JESUS VEIGA CARIM, IEPA, MARIANA VICTÓRIA IRUME, INPA, MARIA PIRES MARTINS, INPA, JEAN-FRANÇOIS MOLINO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), DANIEL SABATIER, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), FLORIAN WITTMANN, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, DAIRON CÁRDENAS LÓPEZ, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, JOSÉ RENAN DA SILVA GUIMARÃES, IEPA, ABEL MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, PERCY NÚÑEZ VARGAS, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, ANGELO GILBERTO MANZATTO, UFRO, NEIDIANE FARIAS COSTA REIS, UFRO, JOHN TERBORGH, Duke University, KATIA REGINA CASULA, UFRO, JUAN CARLOS MONTERO, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, TED R. FELDPAUSCH, University of Leeds / University of Exeter, EURIDICE N. HONORIO CORONADO, University of Leeds / Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, ALVARO JAVIER DUQUE MONTOYA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, CHARLES EUGENE ZARTMAN, INPA, BONIFACIO MOSTACEDO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, RODOLFO VASQUEZ, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, RAFAEL L. ASSIS, INPA, ANA ANDRADE, INPA, JOSÉ LUÍS CAMARGO, INPA, SUSAN G. W. LAURANCE, James Cook University, HENRIQUE EDUARDO MENDONÇA NASCIMENTO, INPA, BEATRIZ S. MARIMON, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, BEN-HUR MARIMON JR., Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, FLÁVIA COSTA, INPA, NATALIA TARGHETTA, INPA, IMA CÉLIA GUIMARÃES VIEIRA, MPEG, ROEL BRIENEN, University of Leeds, HERNÁN CASTELLANOS, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, JOOST F. DUIVENVOORDEN, University of Amsterdam, HUGO F. MOGOLLÓN, Endangered Species Coalition, MARIA TERESA FERNANDEZ PIEDADE, INPA, GERARDO A. AYMARD C., Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, JAMES A. COMISKEY, National Park Service, GABRIEL DAMASCO, University of California, NÁLLARETT DÁVILA, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, ROOSEVELT GARCÍA-VILLACORTA, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, PABLO ROBERTO STEVENSON DIAZ, Universidad de los Andes, ALBERTO VINCENTINI, INPA, THAISE EMILIO, INPA / Royal Botanic Gardens, CAROLINA LEVIS, INPA / University of Wageningen, JULIANA SCHIETTI, INPA, PRISCILA SOUZA, INPA, ALFONSO ALONSO, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, FRANCISCO DALLMEIER, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, LEANDRO VALLE FERREIRA, MPEG, DAVID NEILL, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, ALEJANDRO ARAUJO-MURAKAMI, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, LUZMILA ARROYO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, FERNANDA ANTUNES CARVALHO, INPA, FERNANDA COELHO SOUZA, INPA, DÁRIO DANTAS DO AMARAL, MPEG, ROGERIO GRIBEL, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, BRUNO GARCIA LUIZE, INPA, MARCELO PETRATI PANSONATO, INPA, EDUARDO VENTICINQUE, UFRN, PAUL FINE, University of California, MARISOL TOLEDO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, CHRIS BARALOTO, INRA / Florida International University, CARLOS CERÓN, Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, JULIEN ENGEL, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, TERRY W. HENKEL, Humboldt State University, ELIANA M. JIMENEZ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, PAUL MAAS, Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, MARIA CRISTINA PEÑUELA MORA, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, PASCAL PETRONELLI, INRA, JUAN DAVID CARDENAS REVILLA, INPA, MARCOS SILVEIRA, UFAC, JULIANA STROPP, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission / Federal University of Alagoas, RAQUEL THOMAS-CAESAR, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, TIM R. BAKER, University of Leeds, DOUG DALY, New York Botanical Garden, MARCOS RÍOS PAREDES, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, NAARA FERREIRA DA SILVA, INPA, ALFREDO FUENTES, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, PETER MØLLER JØRGENSEN, Missouri Botanical Garden, JOCHEN SCHÖNGART, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, MILES R. SILMAN, Wake Forest University, NICOLÁS CASTAÑO ARBOLEDA, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, BRUNO BARÇANTE LADVOCAT CINTRA, INPA, FERNANDO CORNEJO VALVERDE, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, ANTHONY DI FIORE, University of Texas at Austin, JUAN FERNANDO PHILLIPS, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, TINDE R. VAN ANDEL, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PATRICIO VON HILDEBRAND, Fundación Estación de Biología, EDELCILIO MARQUES BARBOSA, INPA, LUIZ CARLOS DE MATOS BONATES, INPA, DEBORAH DE CASTRO, INPA, EMANUELLE DE SOUSA FARIAS, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, THERANY GONZALES, ACEER Foundation, JEAN-LOUIS GUILLAUMET, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, BRUCE HOFFMAN, Amazon Conservation Team, YADVINDER MALHI, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, IRES PAULA DE ANDRADE MIRANDA, INPA, ADRIANA PRIETO, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AGUSTÍN RUDAS, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, NATALINO SILVA, UFRA, CÉSAR I. A. VELA, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, VINCENT A. VOS, Universidad Autónoma del Beni / Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, EGLÉE L. ZENT, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, STANFORD ZENT, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, ANGELA CANO, Universidad de los Andes, MARCELO TRINDADE NASCIMENTO, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, ALEXANDRE A. OLIVEIRA, USP, HIRMA RAMIREZ-ANGULO, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, JOSÉ FERREIRA RAMOS, INPA, RODRIGO SIERRA, GeoIS, MILTON TIRADO, GeoIS, MARIA NATALIA UMAÑA MEDINA, University of Maryland, GEERTJE VAN DER HEIJDEN, University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee, EMILIO VILANOVA TORRE, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, CORINE VRIESENDORP, The Field Museum, OPHELIA WANG, Northern Arizona University, KENNETH R. YOUNG, University of Texas at Austin, CLAUDIA BAIDER, USP / Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, HENRIK BALSLEV, Aarhus University, NATALIA DE CASTRO, INPA, WILLIAM FARFAN-RIOS, Wake Forest University, CID FERREIRA, INPA, CASIMIRO MENDOZA, FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia / UniversidadMayor de San Simon, ITALO MESONES, University of California, ARMANDO TORRES-LEZAMA, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, LIGIA ESTELA URREGO GIRALDO, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, DANIEL VILLARROEL, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, RODERICK ZAGT, Tropenbos International, MIGUEL N. ALEXIADES, University of Kent, KARINA GARCIA-CABRERA, Wake Forest University, LIONEL HERNANDEZ, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, ISAU HUAMANTUPA-CHUQUIMACO, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, WILLIAM MILLIKEN, Royal Botanic Gardens, WALTER PALACIOS CUENCA, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, SUSAMAR PANSINI, UFRO, DANIELA PAULETTO, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, FREDDY RAMIREZ AREVALO, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana, ADEILZA FELIPE SAMPAIO, UFRO, ELVIS H. VALDERRAMA SANDOVAL, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana / University of Missouri, and LUIS VALENZUELA GAMARRA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri.
Subjects: Conservation Status, Land Use Policy, Geography & travel, Amazonian, Threatened Species, Conservation-dependent species, Protected Areas, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Conservation Planning, Land Use, IUCN Red List, Deforestation, Research Articles, ddc:910, Multidisciplinary, Near-threatened species, Extinction Risks, Ecology, Conservação, Amazonia, Conservation, Protected areas, Indigenous areas, Tree species, SciAdv r-articles, Gap analysis (conservation), Forestry, Tropical Tree Species, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Geography, Research Article, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Indigenous People, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Espécie, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, Conservation status, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Protection, Desmatamento
Abstract: Analyses of forest loss and protected areas suggest that 36 to 57% of Amazonian tree flora may qualify as “globally threatened.”, Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.
Published: 2015

33. Novedades en Rapatea (Rapateaceae) para Colombia

Author: Henry Arellano-Peña and A C Gerardo Aymard
Subjects: Bract, General Mathematics, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sepal, Petiole (botany), General Energy, Taxon, Geography, History and Philosophy of Science, Inflorescence, Genus, Botany, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Key (lock), Petal, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Rapatea isanae, una nueva especie del alto río Isana, Departamento del Guianía, Colombia, es descrita, ilustrada, y sus relaciones morfológicas con las especies afines son discutidas. Esta especie es notable en el género Rapatea por el tamaño de las plantas (entre 15 y 30 cm de altura), las hojas muy pequeñas, y los pétalos blancos, siendo la segunda especie con este carácter en un género en el cual predominan los pétalos amarillos. Por la base de las hojas transformándose gradualmente en un pecíolo, la morfología de las bractéolas de las espiguillas y los sépalos, R. isanae está relacionada con R. spruceana. Por las vainas basales de las hojas ventricosas, la forma convexa de las inflorescencias y las bractéolas del mismo tamaño con R. longipes y R. modesta, respectivamente. Sin embargo, esta nueva especie difiere de R. spruceana por ser plantas muy pequeñas, el envés esparcidamente verrugoso, el largo de la porción atenuada de las brácteas involúcrales y la forma y color de los pétalos. Se restablece una especie previamente descrita para Colombia (i.e., R. modesta), y una variedad es elevada al rango de especie (i.e., R. paludosa var. sessiliflora a R. sessiliflora). Adicionalmente se presenta una clave actualizada de las 25 especies aceptadas de Rapatea y un resumen en Kuripaco. © 2016. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Published: 2016

34. Croton trinitatis

Author: Paul E. Berry & Gerardo Aymard, Paul E. Berry & Gerardo Aymard, Paul E. Berry & Gerardo Aymard, and Paul E. Berry & Gerardo Aymard
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1229464%5DMICH-V-1229464, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1229464/MICH-V-1229464/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 2000

35. Hyperdominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora

Author: César I.A. Vela, Nállarett Dávila, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bruce Hoffman, Dairon Cárdenas López, A C Gerardo Aymard, Alfonso Alonso, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Milton Tirado, Miguel Alexiades, Adriana Prieto, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Egleé L. Zent, Natalino Silva, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Paul V. A. Fine, Stanford Zent, Jérôme Chave, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Carolina V. Castilho, William Milliken, Gonzalo Rivas, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Timothy R. Baker, Corine Vriesendorp, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Percy Núñez Vargas, Rodrigo Sierra, Hernán Castellanos, Rafael L. Assis, Daniel Sabatier, John Terborgh, Miles R. Silman, Juliana Schietti, Ophelia Wang, William E. Magnusson, Angela Cano Schutz, Cid Ferreira, Kenneth J. Feeley, Lionel Hernández, Ademir R. Ruschell, Juliana Stropp, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Oliver L. Phillips, Ben Hur Marimon, Thaise Emilio, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Francisco Dallmeier, Hugo Mogollón, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Christopher Baraloto, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, Henrik Balslev, Peter M. Jørgensen, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Kyle G. Dexter, Julien Engel, Pascal Petronelli, Kenneth R. Young, Priscila Souza, Hans ter Steege, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Timothy J. Killeen, Therany Gonzales, Agustín Rudas, Flávia R. C. Costa, Patricio von Hildebrand, Yadvinder Malhi, Carlos Cerón, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Terry W. Henkel, Ana Andrade, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Italo Mesones, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Abel Monteagudo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Daniela Pauletto, Charles E. Zartman, Jean-François Molino, William F. Laurance, Tinde van Andel, Luzmila Arroyo, Roderick Zagt, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marisol Toledo, Ted R. Feldpausch, Cláudia Baider, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Paul J. M. Maas, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Anthony Di Fiore, Carlos A. Peres, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Doug Daly, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Florian Wittmann, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Vincent A. Vos, Rogério Gribel, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Duke University [Durham], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford] (SoGE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Bolivia Sustainable Forest Management Project, Partenaires INRAE, University of Exeter, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund for Nature, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, James Cook University (JCU), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Instituto Amazonico de Investigaciones Cientificas, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Endangered Species Coalition, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Universidad de Los Andes, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Humboldt State University (HSU), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, University of Texas at Austin, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Fundacion Puerto Rastrojo, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research Foundation, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), Staff publications, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, and VU University Amsterdam
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, go extinct, tropical forest, rain-forest, diversification, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, distributions, Biodiversity, Rainforest, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, species abundance, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, tree species, Rivers, Amazonia, Dominance (ecology), rarity, patterns, hyperdominance, education, Amazon Basin, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Agroforestry, Amazon rainforest, plants, Plant community, trees, commonness, South America, 15. Life on land, ECOLOGIA, Guiana Shield, Geography, Habitat, Species richness, richness
Abstract: Introduction Recent decades have seen a major international effort to inventory tree communities in the Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), but the vast extent and record diversity of these forests have hampered an understanding of basinwide patterns. To overcome this obstacle, we compiled and standardized species-level data on more than half a million trees in 1170 plots sampling all major lowland forest types to explore patterns of commonness, rarity, and richness. Methods The ~6-million-km 2 Amazonian lowlands were divided into 1° cells, and mean tree density was estimated for each cell by using a loess regression model that included no environmental data but had its basis exclusively in the geographic location of tree plots. A similar model, allied with a bootstrapping exercise to quantify sampling error, was used to generate estimated Amazon-wide abundances of the 4962 valid species in the data set. We estimated the total number of tree species in the Amazon by fitting the mean rank-abundance data to Fisher’s log-series distribution. Results Our analyses suggest that lowland Amazonia harbors 3.9 × 10 11 trees and ~16,000 tree species. We found 227 “hyperdominant” species (1.4% of the total) to be so common that together they account for half of all trees in Amazonia, whereas the rarest 11,000 species account for just 0.12% of trees. Most hyperdominants are habitat specialists that have large geographic ranges but are only dominant in one or two regions of the basin, and a median of 41% of trees in individual plots belong to hyperdominants. A disproportionate number of hyperdominants are palms, Myristicaceae, and Lecythidaceae. Discussion The finding that Amazonia is dominated by just 227 tree species implies that most biogeochemical cycling in the world’s largest tropical forest is performed by a tiny sliver of its diversity. The causes underlying hyperdominance in these species remain unknown. Both competitive superiority and widespread pre-1492 cultivation by humans are compelling hypotheses that deserve testing. Although the data suggest that spatial models can effectively forecast tree community composition and structure of unstudied sites in Amazonia, incorporating environmental data may yield substantial improvements. An appreciation of how thoroughly common species dominate the basin has the potential to simplify research in Amazonian biogeochemistry, ecology, and vegetation mapping. Such advances are urgently needed in light of the >10,000 rare, poorly known, and potentially threatened tree species in the Amazon.
Published: 2013

36. Oxandra euneura

Author: Paul E. Berry, Gerardo Aymard, Domingo Dacosta, Paul E. Berry, Gerardo Aymard, Domingo Dacosta, Paul E. Berry, Gerardo Aymard, Domingo Dacosta, and Paul E. Berry, Gerardo Aymard, Domingo Dacosta
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1510461%5DMICH-V-1510461, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1510461/MICH-V-1510461/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1998

37. Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests

Author: Abel Monteagudo, Ted R. Feldpausch, Helen C. Keeling, Sandy J. Andelman, Luzmila Arroyo, Niro Higuchi, Jon Lloyd, Yadvinder Malhi, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Lilian Blanc, J. W. Ferry Slik, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Michael P. Schwarz, Timothy R. Baker, Casimiro Mendoza, Bonaventure Sonké, Carlos A. Quesada, Marcos Silveira, Hirma Ramírez, Rafael Salamão, Euridice Honorio, Joshua B. Fisher, Samuel Almeida, Emilio Vilanova, Fredy Ramírez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Emanuel Gloor, Agustín Rudas, James Taplin, Simon L. Lewis, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lola da Costa, Patrick Meir, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Juliana Stropp, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, David W. Galbraith, Sandra Patiño, Antonio Peña Cruz, Anne Sota Thomas, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Kuo-Jung Chao, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Damien Bonal, Oliver L. Phillips, Alexandra C. Morel, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Javier Silva, Gerardo Aymard, Jon C. Lovett, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Adriana Prieto, Ana Andrade, University of Leeds, School of Geography, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad nacional de la amazonia peruana, Universidade Federal do Para, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], University of Edinburgh, INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE LA AMAZONIA PERUANA, Instituto de Manejo Forestal, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Universität Bayreuth, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network, Partenaires INRAE, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidade Federal de Pará, University of York, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. Diagonal 27 No. 15-09, Universidad de Los Andes, University of Bayreuth, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Université de Yaoundé I, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Data Interpretation, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rain, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, LAGS MORTALITY, Tropic Climate, Trees, AMAZON, Borneo, Tropical climate, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Silvicultura, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, DROUGHT, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biomass (ecology), Plant Stems, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Moisture stress, food and beverages, Adaptation, Physiological, Wood, Droughts, Geography, Drought Stress, Tree, Brazil, Woody plant, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate Change, Vulnerability, RAINFOR, BORNEO, Arbre, 010603 evolutionary biology, Risk Assessment, Models, Biological, Plant Stem, Time, Biological Model, Amazonia, Stress, Physiological, Forest ecology, parasitic diseases, TROPICS, Moisture Content, Tropical Forest, Ecosystem, Mortality, Adaptation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Drought, Brasil, fungi, Tropics, Water, 15. Life on land, Medio Ambiente, Résistance à la sécheresse, Growth, Development And Aging, METIS-272981, H50 - Troubles divers des plantes
Abstract: The rich ecology of tropical forests is intimately tied to their moisture status. Multi-site syntheses can provide a macro-scale view of these linkages and their susceptibility to changing climates. Here, we report pan-tropical and regional-scale analyses of tree vulnerability to drought. We assembled available data on tropical forest tree stem mortality before, during, and after recent drought events, from 119 monitoring plots in 10 countries concentrated in Amazonia and Borneo. In most sites, larger trees are disproportionately at risk. At least within Amazonia, low wood density trees are also at greater risk of drought-associated mortality, independent of size. For comparable drought intensities, trees in Borneo are more vulnerable than trees in the Amazon. There is some evidence for lagged impacts of drought, with mortality rates remaining elevated 2 yr after the meteorological event is over. These findings indicate that repeated droughts would shift the functional composition of tropical forests toward smaller, denser-wooded trees. At very high drought intensities, the linear relationship between tree mortality and moisture stress apparently breaks down, suggesting the existence of moisture stress thresholds beyond which some tropical forests would suffer catastrophic tree mortality. © The Authors (2010). Journal compilation © New Phytologist Trust (2010).
Published: 2010

38. Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest

Author: Carlos A. Quesada, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gerardo Aymard, Fredy Ramírez, Marcos Silveira, Niro Higuchi, C Eurídice Honorio, Oliver L. Phillips, Alexandra C. Morel, Terry L. Erwin, Jon Lloyd, Emanuel Gloor, Anthony Di Fiore, Jérôme Chave, Michael P. Schwarz, Damien Bonal, Gareth Lloyd, Simon L. Lewis, Lilian Blanc, Olaf Bánki, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, M. C. Peñuela, Samuel Almeida, Julie Peacock, Sandy J. Andelman, Agustín Rudas, Sandra Patiño, Przemyslaw Zelazowski, Claudia I. Czimczik, Kuo-Jung Chao, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Casimiro Mendoza, Antonio Peña Cruz, Juliana Stropp, Natalino Silva, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael Salamão, Helen C. Keeling, Paulo M. Brando, Patrick Meir, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Timothy R. Baker, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Ana Andrade, Yadvinder Malhi, Adriana Prieto, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Abel Monteagudo, Daniel C. Nepstad, Luzmila Arroyo, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Javier Silva, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Anne Sota Thomas, William F. Laurance, Hans ter Steege, Geertjer Van Der Heijden, Joshua B. Fisher, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Climate, Biomass, 01 natural sciences, Trees, amazonie, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, Silvicultura, Forêt tropicale humide, Milieux et Changements globaux, DROUGHT, AMAZON RAINFOREST, Multidisciplinary, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Carbon sink, food and beverages, Droughts, CARBON CYCLE, adaptation à la sécheresse, stress à la sécheresse, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Brazil, cycle du carbone, F40 - Écologie végétale, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, General Science & Technology, forêt amazonienne, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Climate change, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon cycle, Biodiversity and Ecology, Sécheresse, Affordable and Clean Energy, Deforestation, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, stress hybride, Changement climatique, Tropical Climate, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Atmosphere, tolérance à la sécheresse, Global change, Artículos, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, South America, Carbon, Climate Action, Medio Ambiente, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Environmental science, adaptation au changement climatique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 × 10 15 to 1.6 × 10 15 grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.
Published: 2009

39. Does the disturbance hypothesis explain the biomass increase in basin-wide Amazon forest plot data?

Author: Timothy R. Baker, Agustín Rudas, M. C. Peñuela, D. C. Nepstad, A. Torres, Manuel Gloor, E. M. Jimenez, Fredy Ramírez, A. C. Alves De Oliveira, A. Peña Cruz, Kuo-Jung Chao, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Rafael Herrera, Lilian Blanc, Ted R. Feldpausch, H. ter Steege, Paulo M. Brando, Nállarett Dávila, Olaf Bánki, Adriana Prieto, Jon Lloyd, Jérôme Chave, Michael P. Schwarz, Marcos Silveira, Ana Andrade, E. Honorio, John Terborgh, Simon L. Lewis, S. Almeida, Esteban Álvarez, Abel Monteagudo, Yadvinder Malhi, Terry L. Erwin, H. A. Ramírez, Julie Peacock, Luzmila Arroyo, Carlos A. Quesada, Gerardo Aymard, J. N. M. Silva, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Juliana Stropp, R. Vásquez, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, Oliver L. Phillips, A. Di Fiore, Damien Bonal, Casimiro Mendoza, William F. Laurance, David A. Neill, P. Núñez Vargas, Timothy J. Killeen, G. M. F. van der Heijden, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Natalino Silva, André V. L. Freitas, Niro Higuchi, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Gloor, M., and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, CARBON SINK, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stockage, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, Milieux et Changements globaux, DISTURBANCE, AMAZON RAINFOREST, General Environmental Science, Sampling bias, Weibull distribution, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Forêt tempérée humide, Carbon sink, échantillonnage, Old-growth forest, séquestration du carbone, Probability distribution, biomasse forestière, Carbone, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, forêt amazonienne, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Rainforest, Mortalité, 010603 evolutionary biology, augmentation, Mesure, Environmental Chemistry, Croissance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Changement climatique, geography, Méthode statistique, MORTALITY, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, artefact, POWER LAW, Medio Ambiente, 13. Climate action, Évaluation, Environmental science
Abstract: Positive aboveground biomass trends have been reported from old-growth forests across the Amazon basin and hypothesized to reflect a large-scale response to exterior forcing. The result could, however, be an artefact due to a sampling bias induced by the nature of forest growth dynamics. Here, we characterize statistically the disturbance process in Amazon old-growth forests as recorded in 135 forest plots of the RAINFOR network up to 2006, and other independent research programmes, and explore the consequences of sampling artefacts using a data-based stochastic simulator. Over the observed range of annual aboveground biomass losses, standard statistical tests show that the distribution of biomass losses through mortality follow an exponential or near-identical Weibull probability distribution and not a power law as assumed by others. The simulator was parameterized using both an exponential disturbance probability distribution as well as a mixed exponential-power law distribution to account for potential large-scale blowdown events. In both cases, sampling biases turn out to be too small to explain the gains detected by the extended RAINFOR plot network. This result lends further support to the notion that currently observed biomass gains for intact forests across the Amazon are actually occurring over large scales at the current time, presumably as a response to climate change.
Published: 2009

40. Glandonia williamsii

Author: Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueva, Eduardo Barrera, Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueva, Eduardo Barrera, Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueva, Eduardo Barrera, and Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueva, Eduardo Barrera
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1518237%5DMICH-V-1518237, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1518237/MICH-V-1518237/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1992

41. Byrsonima coniophylla

Author: Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueva y Edeuardo Barrera, Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueva y Edeuardo Barrera, Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueva y Edeuardo Barrera, and Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueva y Edeuardo Barrera
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1547481%5DMICH-V-1547481, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1547481/MICH-V-1547481/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1992

42. Byrsonima coniophylla

Author: Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueava y Eduardo Barrera, Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueava y Eduardo Barrera, Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueava y Eduardo Barrera, and Basil Stergios, Gerardo Aymard, Nidia Cuello, Eliseo Castellanos, Carlos Cid Ferreira, Edwin Villanueava y Eduardo Barrera
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1547477%5DMICH-V-1547477, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1547477/MICH-V-1547477/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1992

43. Alicia macrodisca

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, and Gerardo Aymard
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1522911%5DMICH-V-1522911, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1522911/MICH-V-1522911/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1992

44. Tetrapterys discolor

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Marylin Norconk y Angela Peetz, Gerardo Aymard, Marylin Norconk y Angela Peetz, Gerardo Aymard, Marylin Norconk y Angela Peetz, and Gerardo Aymard, Marylin Norconk y Angela Peetz
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1532801%5DMICH-V-1532801, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1532801/MICH-V-1532801/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1992

45. Byrsonima schomburgkiana

Author: Gerardo Aymard, M. A. Norconk, Angela Peetz, Gerardo Aymard, M. A. Norconk, Angela Peetz, Gerardo Aymard, M. A. Norconk, Angela Peetz, and Gerardo Aymard, M. A. Norconk, Angela Peetz
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1551296%5DMICH-V-1551296, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1551296/MICH-V-1551296/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1992

46. Blepharandra angustifolia

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, and Gerardo Aymard
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1516734%5DMICH-V-1516734, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1516734/MICH-V-1516734/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1991

47. Byrsonima bronweniana

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, and Gerardo Aymard
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1548551%5DMICH-V-1548551, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1548551/MICH-V-1548551/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1991

48. Bunchosia mollis

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, and Gerardo Aymard
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1548098%5DMICH-V-1548098, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1548098/MICH-V-1548098/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1991

49. Byrsonima coniophylla

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, and Gerardo Aymard
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1547482%5DMICH-V-1547482, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1547482/MICH-V-1547482/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1991

50. Glandonia williamsii

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, Gerardo Aymard, and Gerardo Aymard
Abstract: Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1518231%5DMICH-V-1518231, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1518231/MICH-V-1518231/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy
Published: 1991

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