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Sugarcane is one of the most sustainable energy crops among cultivated crops presenting the highest tonnage of cultivated plants. Its high productivity of sugar, bioethanol and bioelectricity make it a promising green alternative to petroleum. Furthermore, the myriad of products that can be derived from sugarcane biomass has been driving breeding programs towards varieties with a higher yield of fiber and a more vigorous and sustainable performance: the energy cane. Here we provide an overview of the energy cane including plant description, breeding efforts, types, and end-uses. In addition, we describe recently published genomic resources for the development of this crop, discuss current knowledge of cell wall metabolism, bioinformatic tools and databases available for the community. Keywords: Biomass, Bioenergy, Biofuels, Bioproducts, Genomics, Grasses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the meteorological variables, water deficiency, growth, and agro-industrial yield of sugarcane varieties: RB72454, RB863129, RB867515, RB92579, RB93509, RB931003, RB951541, and RB971755, in rainfed crop in two harvests in the Rio Largo-AL region. The meteorological variables were obtained in an automatic station and water balance was done by Thornthwaite & Mather method. During the study period, the air temperature ranged from 16.6 to 35.9 ºC. In the first production cycle rained 1,806 mm and the crop evapotranspiration was 1,775 mm. In the second cycle, the rainfall totaled 1,632 mm and the crop evapotranspiration was 1,290 mm. The average water excess of two production cycles was 689 mm and the water deficit totaled 665 mm. The average agricultural productivity in the plant was 86.8 t ha-1, in the first ratoon was 75.2 t ha-1 and the agro-industrial yield average was 12.9 and 10.9 tons of sugar per hectare in the plant and first ratoon, respectively. The air temperature was not limiting to the growth of sugarcane and the rainfall was higher than the crop evapotranspiration, but due to poor distribution of the rains there was water deficit. The most productive varieties were RB93509, RB92579, and RB863129.

In an increasingly advanced modern era and growing communication technology, mediatization is present in every aspect of people's lives, including in the context of religiosity. The transition to the use of new media in supporting religious activities to keep running faces challenges that are not easy with the issue of the sacredness of religious activities that are communal in nature at first and are forced to change formats. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and supported by a literature review method and complemented by supporting data obtained from researcher observations of related phenomena that occur today. In the end, mediatization in the religious context is like a double-edged sword with all its advantages and challenges, especially for conventional religious leaders who are increasingly eroded in power and reach by influencers who are able to reach a stronger and wider audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pesquisa visou revelar a fonte da concepção da avaliação educacional de três professores de matemática do Ensino Secundário Geral. Ela foi de abordagem qualitativa e os dados foram produzidos por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. A Análise Textual Discursiva serviu para análise dos dados. Dos resultados, não foram identificadas novas concepções de avaliação educacional, prevalece a concepção de avaliação como medida das aprendizagens. Conclui-se que as concepções desses professores possuem duas fontes: formação de professores e experiências quotidianas. Sugere-se a incorporação de Avaliação em Matemática como disciplina na estrutura curricular do curso de formação de professores de matemática.

Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa com objectivo de caracterizar o discurso de avaliação subjacente ao Regulamento Geral de Avaliação do Ensino Primário, Alfabetização e Educação de Jovens e Adultos e Ensino Secundário Geral de Moçambique. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa documental. Construiu-se e aplicou-se um guião de observação sistemática sobre três Artigos do documento acima mencionado. A partir da Análise de Conteúdo, resultados da pesquisa indicam concentração de indicadores nas concepções de avaliação como distância e como juízo de valor. Portanto, o discurso de avaliação subjacente ao documento é transversal e incompleto. O discurso em si, não desconstrói os ritos das práticas de avaliação escolar. Cabe empreender acções de fiscalização permanente.

Objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar a base dos argumentos utilizados pelos professores de Matemática para ensinar adição e subtração de números Inteiros na reta numérica. Foi aplicado um questionário online e apenas 4 professores Licenciados em Matemática que possuem 1 à 12 anos de experiência no ensino dos números Inteiros na 8ª classe. Os resultados indicam que o ensino dos números inteiros por via da recta numérica não é permeado por obstáculos epistemológicos. O jogo dos sinais, embora não justificada sua coerencia tem sido uma saída argumentativa para justificar contradições.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi apreciar o efeito da incorporação da tabuada de duas operações na aprendizagem de adição ou subtração de Números Inteiros. Selecionou-se aleatoriamente 276 alunos da 8ª classe da Escola Secundária de Montepuez e esses foram divididos (n =138) em dois grupos (experimental e controlo). Aplicou-se o pré-teste aos dois grupos de alunos para verificar o nível de conhecimento. Depois, lecionou-se 3 aulas para cada um dos grupos sendo para o grupo experimental com incorporação da tabuada. Em seguida, aplicou-se o pós-teste aos dois grupos. Através do teste de Mann-Whitney, as medianas do pós-teste foram diferentes. Neste sentido, a mediana do grupo experimental foi igual a 20 e a do grupo de controlo igual a 10. Feitas análises, notou-se que que os alunos que utilizaram a tabuada tiveram mediana superior em relação aos que não se beneficiaram de aulas com tabuada. Conclui-se que a tabuada pode ser usada como meio didático para aprendizagem de Adição ou Subtração de Números Inteiros; seu uso produz efeito positivo na aprendizagem dos alunos.

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O domínio docente em avaliação escolar, aqui entendida como aquela que ocorre integrada aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem e desenvolvida nas salas de aula, é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de uma educação de melhor qualidade. Com esse entendimento, a pesquisa em questão teve por objetivo estudar as concepções e práticas docentes em avaliação nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Sua abordagem é qualitativa, de cunho exploratório e descritivo, utilizando a pesquisa de campo e bibliográfica. Tomou, como colaboradores, docentes do 9º ano dos componentes curriculares de Ciências, Matemática e Língua Portuguesa, das escolas públicas municipais da cidade de Arez/RN, e teve como conclusão, entre outros aspectos, que a falta de uma formação sólida nos cursos de formação inicial ou continuada em avaliação educacional tem deixado os docentes inseguros no desenvolvimento do processo de avaliação em sala de aula.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the positioning of the distal tip of central venous catheters and the factors that contributed to inadequate positioning in patients admitted to intensive care. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 246 medical records of patients admitted to intensive care units. A catheter position analysis form was used as an instrument for data collection. Results It was seen that 86.2% of catheters used in intensive care were centrally inserted in the internal jugular veins, 74.4% were double-lumen catheter, and ultrasound was employed for puncture technique in 84.6% of cases. Of the distal ends of the catheters, 53.7% were at the cavoatrial junction (correct position). According to statistical tests, there was a positive correlation between the inadequate positioning of the distal extremity with the central insertion catheter (p=0.012). Patients with presumptive diagnosis associated with COVID-19 showed a positive correlation with inappropriate positioning of the catheter distal tip (p=0.017). Conclusion There are extrinsic factors related to improper positioning of the distal tip of catheters, such as the type of catheter used, the patients’ diagnosis and the puncture with insertion in the left jugular vein.

We developed the research with 53 students, future math teachers, from the 1st year of the Degree in Mathematics Teaching at Rovuma University. The aim was to identify the level of development of geometric thinking of future mathematics teachers. To this end, the van Hiele test was adapted. The results show that most future mathematics teachers identify classes of shapes based on properties, i.e. they are at level 2 of the van Hiele model. There is heterogeneity in the geometric thinking development of future mathematics teachers. Only 5 out of 53 respondents got all the questions in the test right. We concluded that respondents have weaknesses in mathematical knowledge inherent in quadrilaterals.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa que analisa como o ensino da trigonometria é proposto nos livros didáticos de Matemática de Moçambique. Para o efeito, foi analisado o capítulo de trigonometria em quatro livros didáticos do Ensino Secundário Geral. A pesquisa é de carácter qualitativo com enfoque em análise documental. Para a análise de dados, recorreu-se a Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2012). Da análise das tarefas presentes nesses livros constatamos o predomínio de tarefas do gênero, de cálculo com uso de propriedades, sendo que 80 das 123 tarefas estão ligadas a este gênero. Aferimos ainda que 26 das 123 exigem habilidades de manipulação dos registros e, 17 das 123 tarefas exigem a leitura e interpretação. Esses resultados nos levam à conclusão de que os livros analisados não cumprem as sugestões dos programas de Ensino de Matemática. Abre-se, deste modo, uma oportunidade para investigar as percepções dos professores de matemática de Moçambique sobre as diferentes classificações das tarefas.

A zona costeira é uma unidade territorial de transição entre o domínio marinho e terrestre; caracterizada pela deposição dos sedimentos que podem ser distinguidos pelo seu tamanho, forma e composição. Esses sedimentos são controlados pelos fatores hidrodinâmicos governantes no ambiente. Este trabalho objetiva-se analisar a variação da distribuição sedimentar das praias de Madal e Zalala, localizadas na Província da Zambézia, Moçambique, visando compreender o padrão de transporte de sedimentos ao longo da praia, e inferir a energia de agitação marítima típica que chega às praias com base na distribuição dos sedimentos. Foram coletadas dezoito amostras de sedimentos em ambas as praias, ao longo de três níveis definidos: Linha Alta da Maré, Zona Intermédia e Linha Baixa da Maré. As amostras foram submetidas a análises granulométricas e determinação de parâmetros estatísticos. Os sedimentos dos ambientes são maioritariamente finos a muito finos, moderadamente a bem selecionados, de assimetria variando de negativaa muito positiva e com predominância de curvas mesocúrticas a platicurticas nas linhas Alta e Baixa da Maré, e mesocurtica na Zona Intermédia da Maré. Os agentes de transporte como ondas, correntes e ventos fazem a seleção dos sedimentos ao longo das praias, destacando-se mais as ondas, que fazem a remoção das partículas mais finas durante o fluxo e refluxo da onda, em sincronismo com a variação da maré, depositando os sedimentos mais finos na Linha Alta da Maré.

Successful treatment of chronic pain for patients with failed back surgery syndrome can be extremely complicated. These patients require careful and individualized clinical assessment, as they often present with mixed pain syndromes that involve both neuropathic and nociceptive components. The distinct types of pain involved in such cases may require combined treatments from individual interventions that are analgesically independent and specific for each type of pain involved. Neuromodulation by electric stimulation at appropriately chosen targets and combinations may be an important option to consider for such patients. We present a case of combined debilitating axial nociceptive spinal pain and bilateral neuropathic leg pain in a patient after 14 failed back operations. A combination of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and deep brain stimulation in the periventricular gray (PVG) have successfully provided the patient with complete relief of both components of his chronic pain condition, after all other pain management options had been exhausted. By alternating activation of each implanted stimulator separately and in conjunction, we were able to demonstrate a clinically independent analgesic character for each stimulation system, each specific to a particular type of pain. The SCS provided complete relief of the neuropathic pain component, without affecting the nociceptive component at all. The PVG stimulation provided complete relief of the nociceptive component, without affecting the neuropathic component at all. In combination, there was complete relief of the total chronic pain condition. There appeared to be no overlapping or synergistic effect between the two neuromodulation systems in the patient. The patient has had prolonged complete relief from his chronic pain condition with the combined neuromodulation intervention over 22 years of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una posibilidad de lectura del cuento “Irmãos”, de Marcelino Freire, en la cual se considera la articulación entre las reflexiones acerca de la visibilidad de los individuos originada por la televisión y el concepto de figura, proveniente de la semiótica discursiva. Para la consecución de ese objetivo, se eligió como tópico central la contraposición entre el protagonista del cuento de Freire, un escritor, y su doble, un pastor evangélico que exhibe un programa televisivo, considerándose la problematización inherente a una perspectiva de lo profano frente a uno de lo sagrado. El análisis de las figuras constantes en fragmentos centrales de la narrativa, sustentadas en las reflexiones acerca de determinada industria del espectáculo, acá concretizada en el poder televisivo, demostró la pertinencia de nuestro propósito, confirmando la validez de ese discurso ambiguo que se configura a lo largo del texto analizado.

Abstract A major challenge in sugarcane breeding program is the obtaining of enough number of seeds (caryopses) for the development of new improved cultivars. Genotypes differ in their function as pollen recipient and pollen donor, which also affect the seed performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the production and performance of sugarcane seeds from different hybridizations involving RB92579 as pollen recipient and pollen donor. Twelve bi-parental crossings were carried out involving RB92579 and other different genotypes randomly chosen. Seed production potential was evaluated by percentage of fertile spikelets and caryopsis fresh weight. The seed physiological potential was determined by evaluating germination and vigor (index of germination rate, number of normal seedlings per gram of fuzz, and seedling dry weight). The results showed better performance for RB92579 as pollen donor for all characteristics studied. Therefore, RB92579 sugarcane cultivar should be used as pollen donor during hybridizations, condition that permits a greater production and physiological performance of seeds for the sugarcane breeding programs.

RB99395 cultivar was developed by the Sugarcane Breeding Program at the Federal University of Alagoas, which is part of RIDESA. In 1999, seeds were obtained from crosses between RB867515 cultivar and pollen from an unknown genotype in “Serra do Ouro” Crossing Station. The process of selection and experimentation was carried out in three Research Stations of Alagoas. RB99395 cultivar was released in Alagoas in May 2010, and has a high content of sucrose throughout the harvest period. Planting is recommended in fertile soils and in environments with no water deficiency, a condition which results in high agricultural yields. It is tolerant most diseases that occur in Northeast, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to determine the energy demand of one session of active video game (AVG) and its potential to reduce blood pressure (BP). Fourteen hypertensive (56.4±7.5 years) individuals performed sessions of AVG, a traditional sedentary video game sessions (SVG) and walking (WAL), as negative and positive controls, in a randomly determined order. Oxygen consumption and energy expenditure (EE) were measured during sessions. BP and cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) were measured at rest and every 15 minutes of a 60-minute period of recovery from activities. A rating of enjoyment scale was also applied. AVG and WAL resulted in higher oxygen consumption (10.0±0.5 ml/kg/min and 16.6±3.1 ml/kg/min, respectively) and EE (3.5±0.2 kcal/min and 4.2±0.5 kcal/min) compared to 4.1±0.8 ml/kg/min and 1.4±0.1 kcal/min in SVG. A reduction in systolic and diastolic BP was evident following AVG sessions (-11.6±2.5 mmHg and -8.7±2.5 mmHg) and WAL (-10.8±2.8 mmHg and -8.6±2.3 mmHg) compared to pre-experiment value, and the same did not occur in SVG. All sessions promoted a feeling of enjoyment, with no difference between them. The parasympathetic activity was significantly lower at 30 and 45 minutes in post-WAL recovery (34.6±15.0 ms2 and 34.4±16.0 ms2) in the frequency domain (HF) in relation to both AVG (195.5±67.0 ms2 and 164.5±55.0 ms2) and the SVG (158.9±45.0 and 281.3±98.0 ms2). It is concluded that an AVG session promotes increased metabolic activity and is able to promote acute reduction of BP in hypertensive individuals similar to traditional walking exercise.

Considerando que os estudos de A. J. Greimas, desde Semântica estrutural (1966), sempre reservaram espaço privilegiado à análise de textos literários, este artigo busca assinalar a sua importância para os desdobramentos que o edifício semiótico viria a ter a partir de Da imperfeição (1987), último livro de autoria individual do semioticista. Nessa perspectiva, destaca-se o olhar de Greimas sobre os fragmentos literários que toma como corpus no volume, em visada que acaba por se constituir como um elogio da literatura e da capacidade que, ao propiciar uma fruição estética a seus enunciatários, possui de chamar a atenção para outros modos de ver e (re)significar o mundo cotidiano dos indivíduos.

Objetivos: Avaliar a relação da PIC com o crescimento de lesões e morbimortalidade em pacientes Marshall II e determinar a necessidade de sua monitorização. Método: Estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo em pacientes com TCE grave classificados como Marshall II. Resultados: Setenta pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos baseados na PIC; G1: PIC ≤ 20 mmHg (49 pacientes) e G2 PIC > 20 mmHg (21 pacientes). Os achados mais comuns foram hemorragias subaracnóideas e contusões. A mortalidade foi maior em G2 que em G1 (OR: 11,7) (IC 95%: 2,2 a 63,1). A mediana da Escala de Desfecho de Glasgow após 90 dias foi de 2 para o G2 e de 5 para o G1. O surgimento ou progressões de lesões ocorreram em 71% dos pacientes no G2 contra 10% no G1 (p < 0,05). Em comparação ao G1, o OR de um novo achado na TC foi 22 vezes maior no G2 (IC 95%: 5,02 a 106,9). Dois pacientes do G2 precisaram de cirurgia e nenhum do G1. Conclusões: Pacientes Marshall II, com hipertensão intracraniana, apresentam maior risco para crescimento de lesões na TC de controle, pior prognóstico e maior mortalidade que aqueles sem hipertensão. A monitorização desses pacientes foi definitiva para determinar o prognóstico. Pacientes Marshall II devem ser monitorados.

Milk production in the middle region of northern Minas Gerais state is the lowest in the state. However we noticed a considerable growth in recent years. It is important to conduct socioeconomic and generators technicians guiding information for the adoption of policy measures to boost production diagnostics. The aim of this study was to diagnose the production of milk in 30 family dairy farms in Juramento (15) and Montes Claros (15) city, Northern Minas Gerais; by a case study, semi-structured questionnaires that included information about general and sanitary handling, socio-economic characteristics and also surveyed the use of agro-ecological practices in milk production. A systemic approach was used in the application of questionnaires. Out of the 30 properties, 86% have the dairy activity as the main one, followed by 14% of mixed activities. They have low to average technology and most farmers have another source of income in addition to milk production. The absence of agro-ecological practices in the production process was observed in 100% of the properties. It was concluded that milk production in family farms is very widespread, and the main characteristics are of properties with general and sanitary handling problems; the socio-economic characteristics are of families with low to average income and dependent on the milk production to complement it. Regarding the agro-ecological practices, it can be concluded that they were rarely used in the properties surveyed.

Sugarcane has hermaphrodite flowers, however, selfing and cross pollination may occur, resulting in selfed or hybrid progeny. The aim of this study was to analyze the paternity of progenies from biparental crosses, in order to identify true hybrids or progenies originating from pollen of unknown origin. Seventy-six progenies from four crosses were analyzed using three highly polymorphic microsatellite markers (SSR). Progenies showed moderate genetic similarity and were grouped into four distinct groups, according to the crosses. Transmission of alleles from parents to offspring was clearly observed, in which selfed individuals were not observed, and only true hybrids or progeny resulting from fertilization with pollen uncommon to both parents were. Results showed that there was contamination with pollen from unknown parents in sugarcane crosses, suggesting that errors in the pedigree may occur, and adjustment in the crossing procedure would decrease progenies from pollen of unknown origin.

O clivus é considerado o osso mais forte da base do crânio. Dessa forma, sua lesão sugere trauma de relevante impacto. O hematoma extradural agudo de clivus (HEDAC) é particularmente raro, com poucos casos descritos na literatura. A maioria dos relatos de HEDAC envolve vítimas de colisão com veículos de alta velocidade, sendo comum o acometimento da coluna cervical concomitantemente. Neste artigo, são relatados dois casos de HEDAC. O primeiro envolve um paciente do sexo masculino, 53 anos, com história de queda da própria altura. O segundo também envolve um paciente do sexo masculino, 28 anos, vítima de queda de motocicleta em alta velocidade. Ambos evoluíram com resultados favoráveis.

This paper presented a study on the behavior of an embankment, 5.0 m high, reinforced with geogrids, and constructed over a soft soil 7.0 m thick. In order to determine the design strength (Td) of the reinforcement, it was carried out a limit equilibrium analysis using the following methods: Simplified Bishop (1955) and Corrected Janbu (1954), for the hypothesis of circular and non circular slip surfaces respectively. In order to verify the behavior of the reinforced embankment, finite element analyses were performed using the software Phase2. Therefore, this work presented the determination of the reinforcement load design, verification of the magnitude of reinforcement strains, determination of the plastification zones in the foundation soil due to the elevation of the compacted soil, and values of distortion and horizontal displacement of the soft soil and mechanism of mobilization of reinforcement load.

Time-enhanced strength increase of alluvial clay mixed with different cement dosages is provided. After clay collection, water was added to the soft clay samples until the moisture rate reached its liquid limit. Doses 200, 400 and 600 kg m-³ were used for the soil/cement mixture. The cement consisted of the Portland type with blast furnace slag (compressive strength ≥ 32 MPa for 28 days) and water/cement ratio was 0.8. After molding, specimens were immersed in water, and subsequently taken to failure in laboratory tests of uniaxial compression, according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT, 2003), after 7, 28, 56 and 120 days. Soil samples were collected on the coast of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The site is characterized by a surface homogeneous layer composed of soft organic clay-silt to very soft clay, with a gray color and a thickness ranging between 12 and 15m. The groundwater level is found at 1.60m depth. Parameters verified the compressive strength for each mixture under analysis and their time-enhanced resistance increase.