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In India, women-owned businesses are becoming more significant because of economic liberalization and globalization. The policy and institutional framework for fostering entrepreneurship, offering career education, and giving training has expanded the possibilities for women's economic empowerment. The demographics of business and the nation's economic growth have been altered because of the rising number of women entrepreneurs. In order to offer skill training, vocational education, and entrepreneurial development to the emerging labor force, the government of India has created various schemes for assisting women entrepreneurs. However, government is not only responsible for entrepreneurial development and skill training, but other stakeholders must also assume responsibility. Henceforth, the focus of the current chapter is on the difficulties that women company owners confront, how to resolve them, and an analysis of the government of India's business-related policies designed to support female entrepreneurs.

We have studied 2D CH3NH3PbI3 and its multilayer halide perovskites. These systems have a high formation energy. The optical properties absorption spectra lie between 248 nm to 496 nm with an absorption coefficient of about 105 cm−1.

There is a growing interest in understanding corporate social responsibility (CSR), particularly in developing nations. However, in India, the significance of CSR is often misunderstood. Most of the Indian firms consider that only obeying with rules achieves their condition for CSR while a responsible firm identifies that CSR actions have a wider effect on the society in which it operates. Thus, the current study is an effort to examine CSR in a broad manner. The aim of paper is to study the use of CSR as a tool of strategic advantage from customer perspectives. The sample is consisted of 560 respondents and selected by quota sampling method. The data, thus generated, was analyzed with factor analysis and multiple regression. The study finds that there are 14 areas where corporate can use CSR to get benefits; however, sustainable development, purchase decision, generate opportunities, organizational effectiveness, and philanthropy are the key areas where CSR contributes a lot. Findings clearly indicate that CSR can be used as a tool of strategic advantage.

Environmental effect on the physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional monolayers is a fundamental issue for their practical applications in nanoscale devices operating under ambient conditions. In this paper, we focus on the effect of ozone exposure on group-IV elemental monolayers. Using density functional theory and the climbing image nudged elastic band approach, calculations are performed to find the minimum energy path of O3-mediated oxidation of the group-IV monolayers, namely graphene, silicene, germanene, and stanene. Graphene and silicene are found to represent two end points of the ozonation process: the former showing resistance to oxidation with an energy barrier of 0.68 eV, while the latter exhibit a rapid, spontaneous dissociation of O3 into atomic oxygens accompanied by the formation of epoxide like Si-O-Si bonds. Germanene and stanene also form oxides when exposed to O3, but with a small energy barrier of about 0.3-0.4 eV. Analysis of the results via Bader's charge and density of states shows a higher degree of ionicity of the Si-O bond followed by Ge-O and Sn-O bonds relative to the C-O bond to be the primary factor leading to the distinct ozonation response of the studied group-IV monolayers. In summary, ozonation appears to open the band gap of the monolayers with semiconducting properties forming stable oxidized monolayers, which could likely affect group-IV monolayer-based electronic and photonic devices.

Herein, we study the effects that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have on the curing of the bismaleimide resin matrix (BMI), as well as the effects that the curing of BMI has on the CNTs, in the nanocompos...

Crowd sourcing platforms are rapidly replacing the traditional knowledge management systems now-a-days. Computer savvy workforce has been practicing crowd sourcing for a considerable amount of time now and mostly those people who do or want to do double jobbing, are working with these crowd sourcing platforms. Crowd workers are mostly those people who perform skill based and short term assignments for various organisations. They mostly practice double or multiple jobbing at the same time. Double jobbing is being practised by the middle class working population since time immemorial and in a variety of occupations. This is also called moonlighting in the business language.

The idea of green marketing has experienced a revolution as a corporate strategy since its first advent in the 1980s. Organizations have apprehended the prominence of green marketing as an opportunity to attain strategic advantage over competitors in the market. Green marketing has also evolved as a tool to implement CSR practices for environmental conservation and protection. The corporate strategy of a business is developed in response to the changes taking place in the market. Green marketing has gained popularity with the stimulation of ecological awareness amongst customers. In fact, it embodies a paradigm shift in strategy in numerous corporations, since it has changed the means by which an organization reaches out to its customers. In this chapter, the emphasis is on the concept of green marketing and the strategies associated with it, the green marketing mix, and relationships with competitive advantage. An attempt has been made to discuss the initiatives taken by Indian companies. The chapter also presents the problems in implementing green marketing. Finally, some suggestions have been incorporated in this chapter for its effective implementation.

This work was partially supported by the NASA Space Technology Research Institute (STRI) for Ultra-Strong Composites by Computational Design (US-COMP), Grant NNX17AJ32G. SUPERIOR, a high-performance computing cluster at Michigan Technological University, was used in obtaining the DFT simulation results presented in this publication.

Graphene-based hybrid van der Waals structures have emerged as a new class of materials for novel multifunctional applications. In such a vertically-stacked heterostructure, it is expected that its mechanical strength can be tailored by the orientation of the constituent monolayers relative to each other. In this paper, we explore this hypothesis by investigating the orientation dependence of the mechanical properties of graphene/h-BN heterostructures together with that of graphene and h-BN bilayers. The calculated results simulating the pull-out experiment show a noticeable dependence of the (out-of-plane) transverse mechanical response, which is primarily governed by the interlayer strength, on the stacking configurations. The degree of the dependence is directly related to the nature of the interlayer interactions, which change from covalent to covalent polar in going from graphene bilayer to graphene/BN to BN bilayer. In contrast, molecular dynamics simulations mimicking nanoindentation experiments predict that the in-plane mechanical response, which mainly depends on the intra-layer interactions, shows little or no dependence on the stacking-order. The BN monolayer is predicted to fracture before graphene regardless of the stacking pattern or configuration in the graphene/BN heterostructure, affirming the mechanical robustness of graphene. Thus, the graphene-based hybrid structures retain both stiffness and toughness required for a wide range of optoelectromechanical applications.

The performance of employees defines the competitive advantage of the company in current ferocious competition, and it affects the long-standing growth of the company. If a company inspires its workforce merely by the means of financial contract, then the company will not be in the position to gain the effective and efficient performances from its employees. Because apart from this financial contract, psychological contract also upsets attitudes and performance of the employees at the workplace. The spirit of the firms is the employees, and the implementation of the psychological contract can effectually decrease the turnover rate of employees and consequently increase their efficiency at the workplace. In the current chapter, first of all an attempt has been made to elucidate the concept and development process of psychological contract. After that it is endeavored to highlight the positive impact of psychological contract on employees' performances such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job performance, organization citizenship behavior, and turnover intentions.

Continuing to fulfill the requirements and needs of today's customer is a perplexing job for all the corporations. There have been a number of strategies developed to engage with customers, but few considerations have been paid to string them together in generating well-developed relationships. For of this reason companies are moving towards customer relationship management (CRM) to execute reliable strategies in engaging with customers. CRM emphasizes aiding companies thoroughly to manage the procedures involved in upholding good relationships with customers. This chapter discussed various strategies and examined case studies that adopted different techniques to engage with customers.

Technology has become a necessity in every walk of life in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Digitalisation has impacted how the talent is hired by the organisations and how workforce is reciprocating towards the dynamic jobbing fashions. Every department in the organization is gaining strategic importance due to the transformations credited to them by technology and HRM (Human Resource Management) is not any exception. In this paper, the interplay of technology with new age hirings i.e. crowdsourcing and their implications has been discussed. The discussion includes the working of crowdsourcing technology in hirings, the common crowdsourcing assignments and the implications of crowdsourcing platforms in persuading the workforce towards moonlighting or double jobbing.

In today's times, we live in the changeover period between the ancient meaning of work as subsistence and the new meaning of work as a livelihood. Novel management methods and new organizational systems are necessary to keep up with this emergent context. Spirituality in the workplace states that personnel seek nourishment for both the extents, i.e. their vertical and horizontal, extents of their spirituality at work. It is about people and organizations perceiving work as a spiritual pathway, as a chance to cultivate and to do something for humanity. It is all about care, empathy, and sustenance of others, about truthfulness and persons being truthful to themselves and others, endeavoring to live their values more effusively while performing their work. The present chapter stresses the impact of spirituality in management. The study concludes that for any organization to run efficiently, spirituality is the core to attain happiness, contentment, and success at the same time.

Antimonene, one of the group V elemental monolayers, has attracted intense interest due to its intriguing electronic properties. Here, we present the optical absorption properties of atomically flat antimonene for which the directional bonds between Sb atoms appear to be analogous to C–C bonds in graphene. The results, based on first-principles density functional theory calculations, predict the absorbance in multilayer antimonene to be comparable or higher than that calculated for multilayer graphene. Specifically, the IR absorption in antimonene is significantly higher with a prominent band at about 4 μm associated with the dipole-allowed interband transitions. Furthermore, a strong dependence of absorbance on topology is predicted for both antimonene and graphene which results from the subtle variations in their stacking-dependent band structures. Our results suggest multilayer antimonene to be a good candidate material for optical power limiting applications in the IR region.

Purpose: In today’s scenario, the essential factors for successful designing and implementation of knowledge management system at organizational level with respect to their benchmarking practices have not been critically evaluated. The needs of a large-scale initiative of knowledge management have not been investigated from the stakeholders’ perspectives, and only perspective of firms has been studied. Moreover, it has not been investigated how knowledge management systems have transformed the brand of top IT organizations continually and how they have sustained their growth by using their KM systems strategically. This paper is targeting to abridge this space. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative multi-case analysis technique has been used in this paper for data synchronization to gain fruitful insights into this issue. Collection of data has been done from real case studies in the literature, and same was categorized and analysed. Findings: The overall results analysed from these real-time case studies have been constructive, thereby projecting the relevance of building and sustaining a synchronized KM system in the ever-evolving business environment and some critical success factors have also been proposed. The support of Human Resource Development wing has been found very critical for successful implementation and maintenance of knowledge management system in an organization.

Electronic structure of two dimensional (2D) and one dimensional (1D) ultrathin alloyed nanostructures of stanene has been investigated within the framework of state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT). Ultrathin stanene is Dirac semimetal with linear dispersion of bands at K-point, whereas ∼0.2 eV energy gap get induced in alloyed stanene, thereby, offers wide variety of application at nanoscale. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of alloyed stanene increases from 1.6 GPa in pristine monolayer to 2.2 GPa in alloyed nanostructure. Various topologies of 1D nanostructures are found to metallic in nature with calculated ballistic conductance in the range 2G0 to 4 G0. Our theoretical predictions may be useful for experimentalist to fabricate devices based on ultrathin nanostructures of alloyed stanene.

The present study addresses the globally acknowledged problems of burnout among teachers, especially as this affects private professional institutions. The study included two phases. The first phase of study uses MBI i.e. Maslach Burnout Inventory to observe the levels of burnout. In second phase of the study an attempt has been made to observe the differences in 3 factors of job burnout i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment on the basis of 4 Demographic variables i.e. age, education, gender, and marital status. Results from the present study confirmed that teachers working in private professional institutions report high level of burnout. Their observed level of emotional exhaustion was more than the standard level. Besides this their depersonalization level was more and personal accomplishment was low. But no noticeable differences were found in the dimensions of job burnout on the basis of age, gender, marital status, and education, but overall job burnout was higher than the standard level. It is recommended that teacher burnout should not be seen only as individual problem, but also an organizational problem and effective strategies on administrative part must be put in place in order to keep healthy, low burnout environment.