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1. Editorial: Women in tropical forests research 2022

Author: Geertje M. F. van der Heijden and Alexandra Morel
Subjects: carbon storage, secondary forests, water availability, water table depth (WTD), regeneration potential, seedling survival, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Published: 2024
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2. Editorial: Lianas, ecosystems, and global change

Author: Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Stefan A. Schnitzer, and Félicien Meunier
Subjects: plant life-forms, functional traits, tropical forests, liana ecology, liana diversity, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Published: 2023
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3. Remote sensing liana infestation in an aseasonal tropical forest: addressing mismatch in spatial units of analyses

Author: Chris J. Chandler, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Doreen S. Boyd, Mark E. J. Cutler, Hugo Costa, Reuben Nilus, and Giles M. Foody
Subjects: Hyperspectral imaging, liana infestation, LiDAR, neural network, pixel‐based soft classification, segmentation, Technology, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract The ability to accurately assess liana (woody vine) infestation at the landscape level is essential to quantify their impact on carbon dynamics and help inform targeted forest management and conservation action. Remote sensing techniques provide potential solutions for assessing liana infestation at broader spatial scales. However, their use so far has been limited to seasonal forests, where there is a high spectral contrast between lianas and trees. Additionally, the ability to align the spatial units of remotely sensed data with canopy observations of liana infestation requires further attention. We combined airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data with a neural network machine learning classification to assess the distribution of liana infestation at the landscape‐level across an aseasonal primary forest in Sabah, Malaysia. We tested whether an object‐based classification was more effective at predicting liana infestation when compared to a pixel‐based classification. We found a stronger relationship between predicted and observed liana infestation when using a pixel‐based approach (RMSD = 27.0% ± 0.80) in comparison to an object‐based approach (RMSD = 32.6% ± 4.84). However, there was no significant difference in accuracy for object‐ versus pixel‐based classifications when liana infestation was grouped into three classes; Low [0–30%], Medium [31–69%] and High [70–100%] (McNemar’s χ2 = 0.211, P = 0.65). We demonstrate, for the first time, that remote sensing approaches are effective in accurately assessing liana infestation at a landscape scale in an aseasonal tropical forest. Our results indicate potential limitations in object‐based approaches which require refinement in order to accurately segment imagery across contiguous closed‐canopy forests. We conclude that the decision on whether to use a pixel‐ or object‐based approach may depend on the structure of the forest and the ultimate application of the resulting output. Both approaches will provide a valuable tool to inform effective conservation and forest management.
Published: 2021
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4. Lianas Significantly Reduce Aboveground and Belowground Carbon Storage: A Virtual Removal Experiment

Author: Félicien Meunier, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Hannes P. T. De Deurwaerder, and Hans Verbeeck
Subjects: tropical lianas, liana removal experiment, vegetation modeling, carbon stocks and fluxes, ecosystem demography model 2, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Lianas are structural parasites of trees that cause a reduction in tree growth and an increase in tree mortality. Thereby, lianas negatively impact forest carbon storage as evidenced by liana removal experiments. In this proof-of-concept study, we calibrated the Ecosystem Demography model (ED2) using 3 years of observations of net aboveground biomass (AGB) changes in control and removal plots of a liana removal experiment on Gigante Peninsula, Panama. After calibration, the model could accurately reproduce the observations of net biomass changes, the discrepancies between treatments, as well as the observed components of those changes (mortality, productivity, and growth). Simulations revealed that the long-term total (i.e., above- and belowground) carbon storage was enhanced in liana removal plots (+1.2 kgC m–2 after 3 years, +1.8 kgC m–2 after 10 years, as compared to the control plots). This difference was driven by a sharp increase in biomass of early successional trees and the slow decomposition of liana woody tissues in the removal plots. Moreover, liana removal significantly reduced the simulated heterotrophic respiration (−24%), which resulted in an average increase in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from 0.009 to 0.075 kgC m–2 yr–1 for 10 years after liana removal. Based on the ED2 model outputs, lianas reduced gross and net primary productivity of trees by 40% and 53%, respectively, mainly through competition for light. Finally, model simulations suggested a profound impact of the liana removal on the soil carbon dynamics: the simulated metabolic litter carbon pool was systematically larger in control plots (+51% on average) as a result of higher mortality rates and faster leaf and root turnover rates. By overcoming the challenge of including lianas and depicting their effect on forest ecosystems, the calibrated version of the liana plant functional type (PFT) as incorporated in ED2 can predict the impact of liana removal at large-scale and its potential effect on long-term ecosystem carbon storage.
Published: 2021
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5. Detection of Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Liana Infestation Using Satellite-Derived Imagery

Author: Chris J. Chandler, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Doreen S. Boyd, and Giles M. Foody
Subjects: airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR, aseasonal forest, Greenness Index, liana infestation, Sentinel-2 imagery, Science
Abstract: Lianas (woody vines) play a key role in tropical forest dynamics because of their strong influence on tree growth, mortality and regeneration. Assessing liana infestation over large areas is critical to understand the factors that drive their spatial distribution and to monitor change over time. However, it currently remains unclear whether satellite-based imagery can be used to detect liana infestation across closed-canopy forests and therefore if satellite-observed changes in liana infestation can be detected over time and in response to climatic conditions. Here, we aim to determine the efficacy of satellite-based remote sensing for the detection of spatial and temporal patterns of liana infestation across a primary and selectively logged aseasonal forest in Sabah, Borneo. We used predicted liana infestation derived from airborne hyperspectral data to train a neural network classification for prediction across four Sentinel-2 satellite-based images from 2016 to 2019. Our results showed that liana infestation was positively related to an increase in Greenness Index (GI), a simple metric relating to the amount of photosynthetically active green leaves. Furthermore, this relationship was observed in different forest types and during (2016), as well as after (2017–2019), an El Niño-induced drought. Using a neural network classification, we assessed liana infestation over time and showed an increase in the percentage of severely (>75%) liana infested pixels from 12.9% ± 0.63 (95% CI) in 2016 to 17.3% ± 2 in 2019. This implies that reports of increasing liana abundance may be more wide-spread than currently assumed. This is the first study to show that liana infestation can be accurately detected across closed-canopy tropical forests using satellite-based imagery. Furthermore, the detection of liana infestation during both dry and wet years and across forest types suggests this method should be broadly applicable across tropical forests. This work therefore advances our ability to explore the drivers responsible for patterns of liana infestation at multiple spatial and temporal scales and to quantify liana-induced impacts on carbon dynamics in tropical forests globally.
Published: 2021
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6. The World's Tallest Tropical Tree in Three Dimensions

Author: Alexander Shenkin, Chris J. Chandler, Doreen S. Boyd, Toby Jackson, Mathias Disney, Noreen Majalap, Reuben Nilus, Giles Foody, Jamiluddin bin Jami, Glen Reynolds, Phil Wilkes, Mark E. J. Cutler, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, David F. R. P. Burslem, David A. Coomes, Lisa Patrick Bentley, and Yadvinder Malhi
Subjects: Tree height, tropical forests, limits to height, angiosperm, LIDAR-remote sensing, terrestrial laser scanning, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Published: 2019
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7. Landscape‐scale drivers of liana load across a Southeast Asian forest canopy differ to the Neotropics

Author: Catherine E. Waite, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Richard Field, David F. R. P. Burslem, James W. Dalling, Reuben Nilus, M. Elizabeth Rodríguez‐Ronderos, Andrew R. Marshall, and Doreen S. Boyd
Subjects: Ecology, Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 2022

8. Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

Author: Bruno Garcia Luize, Milton Tirado, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Toby Pennington, Juliana Schietti, Aurora Levesley, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Lourens Poorter, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Egleé L. Zent, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, Everton José Almeida, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Aparecida Lopes, Diego Correa, William Milliken, Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Italo Mesones, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Corine Vriesendorp, Doug Daly, Katia Regina Casula, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Erika Berenguer, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Rafael L. Assis, Jens Kattge, Juliana Stropp, Edwin Pos, Henrik Balslev, Paul J. M. Maas, Ophelia Wang, José Ferreira Ramos, Jon Lloyd, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Vitor Hugo Freitas Gomes, Timothy R. Baker, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Jérôme Chave, Carolina V. Castilho, María Natalia Umaña, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Hans ter Steege, Hernán Castellanos, Nállarett Dávila, Lionel Hernández, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Julien Engel, Olaf Bánki, Ángela Cano, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Gerhard Boenisch, Priscila Souza, André Braga Junqueira, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Cid Ferreira, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Kenneth R. Young, Agustín Rudas, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Cláudia Baider, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Márcia Cléia Vilela dos Santos, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Daniel Villarroel, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Stanford Zent, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Georgia Pickavance, Daniela Pauletto, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo, Émile Fonty, Daniel Sabatier, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Maíra da Rocha, William E. Magnusson, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Renato R. Hilário, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Charles E. Zartman, Karina Melgaço, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Joseph E. Hawes, Janaina da Costa de Noronha, Maria Pires Martins, Larissa Cavalheiro, Miles R. Silman, Francisco Dallmeier, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Jos Barlow, Milena Holmgren, Carlos A. Peres, William F. Laurance, Casimiro Mendoza, Roderick Zagt, Percy Núñez Vargas, Juan Carlos Licona, Sasha Cárdenas, John Terborgh, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Susamar Pansini, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Ted R. Feldpausch, César I.A. Vela, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, José Julio de Toledo, Therany Gonzales, Kenneth J. Feeley, Ana Andrade, Patricio von Hildebrand, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Joice Ferreira, Jean-François Molino, Adriana Prieto, Christopher Baraloto, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Luzmila Arroyo, Alvaro Duque, Alfonso Alonso, Yadvinder Malhi, Carlos Cerón, Anthony Di Fiore, J. Sebastián Tello, Luciane Ferreira Barbosa, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, Carolina Levis, Rodrigo Sierra, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Iêda Leão do Amaral, William Farfan-Rios, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, C Gerardo Aymard, Natalino Silva, Hugo Mogollón, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Paul V. A. Fine, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Florian Wittmann, Vincent A. Vos, José Luís Camargo, Fernanda Carvalho, Tinde van Andel, Rogério Gribel, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Alberto Vicentini, Freddie Draper, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Boris Eduardo Villa Zegarra, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bruce Hoffman, Dairon Cárdenas López, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, Helder Lima de Queiroz, John Ethan Householder, Gabriel Damasco, Bernardo M. Flores, Kyle G. Dexter, Pablo R. Stevenson, Miguel Alexiades, Aline Lopes, Alexandre S. Oliveira, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Jose L. Pena, Marcelo F. Simon, Thaise Emilio, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Oliveira, Alexandre A [0000-0001-5526-8109], University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ONF - Direction régionale de la Guyane [Cayenne], and Office national des forêts (ONF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography & travel, Bioinformatics, Ecology (disciplines), Entropy, Forests, Information theory, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Computational biology, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamics, Econometrics, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Stabilizing selection, Relative abundance distribution, Ecosystem, ddc:910, Mathematics, MCC, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, GE, Ecology, Principle of maximum entropy, 3rd-DAS, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Plants, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Biosystematiek, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Complex dynamics, Quantitative analysis (finance), Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, FOS: Biological sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biosystematics, Probability distribution, Statistical physics, GE Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Funding: Floristic identification in plots in the RAINFOR forest monitoring network have been supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grants NE/B503384/1, NE/ D01025X/1, NE/I02982X/1, NE/F005806/1, NE/D005590/1 and NE/I028122/1) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics. Publisher PDF
Published: 2023

9. Lianas, Ecosystems, and Global Change

Author: Geertje M. F. Van Der Heijden, Félicien Meunier, and Stefan A. Schnitzer
Published: 2023

10. Remote sensing liana infestation in an aseasonal tropical forest: addressing mismatch in spatial units of analyses

Author: Hugo Costa, Giles M. Foody, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Chris J. Chandler, Mark E. J. Cutler, Reuben Nilus, Doreen S. Boyd, Disney, Mat, and Anderson, Karen
Subjects: Technology, LiDAR, Hyperspectral imaging, Ecology, neural network, liana infestation, LiDAR, hyperspectral imaging, neural network, pixel-based soft classification, segmentation, segmentation, liana infestation, pixel‐based soft classification, medicine.disease_cause, Tropical forest, Lidar, Geography, Liana, Remote sensing (archaeology), Infestation, medicine, Computers in Earth Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Remote sensing
Abstract: The ability to accurately assess liana (woody vine) infestation at the landscape level is essential to quantify their impact on carbon dynamics and help inform targeted forest management and conservation action. Remote sensing techniques provide potential solutions for assessing liana infestation at broader spatial scales. However, their use so far has been limited to seasonal forests, where there is a high spectral contrast between lianas and trees. Additionally, the ability to align the spatial units of remotely sensed data with canopy observations of liana infestation requires further attention. We combined airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data with a neural network machine learning classification to assess the distribution of liana infestation at the landscape‐level across an aseasonal primary forest in Sabah, Malaysia. We tested whether an object‐based classification was more effective at predicting liana infestation when compared to a pixel‐based classification. We found a stronger relationship between predicted and observed liana infestation when using a pixel‐based approach (RMSD = 27.0% ± 0.80) in comparison to an object‐based approach (RMSD = 32.6% ± 4.84). However, there was no significant difference in accuracy for object‐ versus pixel‐based classifications when liana infestation was grouped into three classes; Low [0–30%], Medium [31–69%] and High [70–100%] (McNemar’s χ2 = 0.211, P = 0.65). We demonstrate, for the first time, that remote sensing approaches are effective in accurately assessing liana infestation at a landscape scale in an aseasonal tropical forest. Our results indicate potential limitations in object‐based approaches which require refinement in order to accurately segment imagery across contiguous closed‐canopy forests. We conclude that the decision on whether to use a pixel‐ or object‐based approach may depend on the structure of the forest and the ultimate application of the resulting output. Both approaches will provide a valuable tool to inform effective conservation and forest management.
Published: 2021

11. Author response for 'Landscape‐scale drivers of liana load across a Southeast Asian forest canopy differ to the Neotropics'

Author: null Catherine E. Waite, null Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, null Richard Field, null David F. R. P. Burslem, null James W. Dalling, null Reuben Nilus, null M. Elizabeth Rodríguez‐Ronderos, null Andrew R. Marshall, and null Doreen S. Boyd
Published: 2022

12. Causes and consequences of liana infestation in southern Amazonia

Author: Paulo S. Morandi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ted R. Feldpausch, David W. Galbraith, Fernando Elias, Sophie Fauset, Oliver L. Phillips, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simone Matias Reis, and Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fragmentation (reproduction), Biomass (ecology), Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, Environmental change, Crown (botany), Plant Science, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Liana, parasitic diseases, Infestation, medicine, Soil fertility, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 1. Lianas, a key component of tropical forests, can limit growth of trees, impacting both the structure and functioning of forests, and are expected to benefit from fragmentation and potentially from global climatic changes. While it is critical to understand the impacts of liana infestation on contemporary tropical forests across large geographical areas, to date most liana studies have been focussed on single or few sites. 2. We measured and quantified liana infestation of 16,066 trees with diameter ≥10 cm in 27 plots distributed across southern Amazonia, a region characterized by substantial ecological and environmental variation and environmental change. We examined the influence of potential drivers of liana infestation at the plot, species and individual tree level. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of liana infestation on tree growth. 3. More than half of all trees had lianas in their crown. At the plot level, infestation by lianas was driven by forest structure but not by the studied climate or soil fertility variables, though low levels of liana infestation were found in seasonally flooded forests. 4. At the tree level, larger and stouter trees had a greater proportion of their crown infested with lianas. At the species level, trees belonging to intrinsically slow‐growing, dense‐wooded species were more susceptible to liana infestation. 5. Liana infestation had a negative impact on tree growth, with growth of heavily infested trees reduced by 33% compared to non‐infested. The impact of liana infestation on tree growth was strongest for the best‐lit tree crowns, indicating that lianas act to reduce the large competitive advantage that well‐lit trees otherwise hold over their neighbours. 6. Synthesis. Lianas are a pervasive and influential feature of the extensive forests at the southern edge of Amazonia. The degree of liana infestation in forests was closely linked to species‐level variables such as potential growth and wood density as well as the size of the individual tree. The growth of heavily infested trees was particularly restricted by lianas, and especially so for trees growing in otherwise favourable conditions, indicating the potential for lianas not only to reduce forest growth rates overall, but also to modify competitive hierarchies among trees within tropical forests.
Published: 2020

13. Effect of lianas on forest‐level tree carbon accumulation does not differ between seasons: Results from a liana removal experiment in Panama

Author: Jennifer S. Powers, Stefan A. Schnitzer, and Geertje M. F. van der Heijden
Subjects: Tree (data structure), Panama, Geography, Ecology, chemistry, Liana, chemistry.chemical_element, Forestry, Plant Science, Carbon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 2019

14. A view from above: Unmanned aerial vehicles ( <scp>UAV</scp> s) provide a new tool for assessing liana infestation in tropical forest canopies

Author: Doreen S. Boyd, Catherine E. Waite, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, and Richard Field
Subjects: Ecology, Liana, Remote sensing (archaeology), Infestation, medicine, Environmental science, Forestry, medicine.disease_cause, Tropical forest, Drone
Published: 2019

15. Active restoration accelerates the carbon recovery of human-modified tropical forests

Author: Doreen S. Boyd, Glen Reynolds, Sol Milne, Philip G. Brodrick, Christopher D. Philipson, James A. Margrove, Michelle A. Pinard, Alicia Ledo, Yap Sau Wai, David F. R. P. Burslem, Philippa R. Lincoln, Martijn Snoep, Joel Fiddes, Giles M. Foody, Roberta E. Martin, Charlotte E. Wheeler, Hamzah Tangki, Mark E. J. Cutler, Pedro M. F. J. Costa, Gregory P. Asner, and Geertje M. F. van der Heijden
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, chemistry.chemical_element, Carbon dioxide equivalent, Rainforest, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Humans, Hectare, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, health care economics and organizations, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, Agroforestry, Agriculture, Carbon Dioxide, Investment (macroeconomics), chemistry, Threatened species, Environmental science, Tonne, Carbon
Abstract: More than half of all tropical forests are degraded by human impacts, leaving them threatened with conversion to agricultural plantations and risking substantial biodiversity and carbon losses. Restoration could accelerate recovery of aboveground carbon density (ACD), but adoption of restoration is constrained by cost and uncertainties over effectiveness. We report a long-term comparison of ACD recovery rates between naturally regenerating and actively restored logged tropical forests. Restoration enhanced decadal ACD recovery by more than 50%, from 2.9 to 4.4 megagrams per hectare per year. This magnitude of response, coupled with modal values of restoration costs globally, would require higher carbon prices to justify investment in restoration. However, carbon prices required to fulfill the 2016 Paris climate agreement [$40 to $80 (USD) per tonne carbon dioxide equivalent] would provide an economic justification for tropical forest restoration.
Published: 2020

16. Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, across environmental gradients in Amazonia and tropical Africa

Author: Emilio Vilanova, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Jan Reitsma, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Bonaventure Sonké, Danaë M. A. Rozendaal, Olaf Bánki, Timothy R. Baker, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Mark C. Vanderwel, William F. Laurance, Andrew R. Marshall, Oliver L. Phillips, Sophie Fauset, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Yadvinder Malhi, José Luís Camargo, Terry Sunderland, Ted R. Feldpausch, Lourens Poorter, Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem, Hermann Taedoumg, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, James A. Comiskey, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Simon L. Lewis, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Lise Zemagho, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Lee J. T. White, Ana Andrade, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Simon Willcock, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, forest dynamics, tropical forest, media_common.quotation_subject, Biome, tree growth, Biology, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Article, Basal area, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Growth rate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, media_common, Tropical Climate, Forest dynamics, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, soil fertility, Community structure, Articles, trait-based models, wood density, PE&RC, Wood, mortality, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, trait‐based models, climatic water deficit, Africa, neighborhood effects, Soil fertility, Crop and Weed Ecology, competition, Brazil
Abstract: Competition among trees is an important driver of community structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring trees may impact an individual tree’s growth rate and probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome. We quantified effects of competition on tree-level basal area growth and mortality for trees ≥10-cm diameter across 151 ~1-ha plots in mature tropical forests in Amazonia and tropical Africa by developing nonlinear models that accounted for wood density, tree size, and neighborhood crowding. Using these models, we assessed how water availability (i.e., climatic water deficit) and soil fertility influenced the predicted plot-level strength of competition (i.e., the extent to which growth is reduced, or mortality is increased, by competition across all individual trees). On both continents, tree basal area growth decreased with wood density and increased with tree size. Growth decreased with neighborhood crowding, which suggests that competition is important. Tree mortality decreased with wood density and generally increased with tree size, but was apparently unaffected by neighborhood crowding. Across plots, variation in the plot-level strength of competition was most strongly related to plot basal area (i.e., the sum of the basal area of all trees in a plot), with greater reductions in growth occurring in forests with high basal area, but in Amazonia, the strength of competition also varied with plot-level wood density. In Amazonia, the strength of competition increased with water availability because of the greater basal area of wetter forests, but was only weakly related to soil fertility. In Africa, competition was weakly related to soil fertility and invariant across the shorter water availability gradient. Overall, our results suggest that competition influences the structure and dynamics of tropical forests primarily through effects on individual tree growth rather than mortality and that the strength of competition largely depends on environment-mediated variation in basal area. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America
Published: 2020

17. Author response for 'Causes and consequences of liana infestation in Southern Amazonia'

Author: Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, D. Galbraith, Fernando Elias, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Oliver L. Phillips, Ted R. Feldpausch, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Sophie Fauset, Paulo Sérgio Morandi, and Simone Matias Reis
Subjects: Geography, Liana, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Infestation, medicine, medicine.disease_cause
Published: 2020

18. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author: Bruno Herault, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Jean-François Bastin, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Martin Dančák, Matt Bradford, Frans Bongers, Stuart J. Davies, Reuben Nilus, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Lip Khoon Kho, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Joey Talbot, Richard F. Preziosi, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, José Luís Camargo, Terese B. Hart, Juliana Schietti, Peter S. Ashton, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ophelia Wang, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Amy C. Bennett, Janvier Lisingo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Jérôme Chave, Connie J. Clark, Christopher Baraloto, Gerardo Aymard, Serge K. Begne, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Timothy R. Baker, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Julie Peacock, Hermann Taedoumg, Simon L. Lewis, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Greta C. Dargie, Murielle Simo-Droissart, David Harris, Faizah Metali, Hans ter Steege, Richard Lowe, Géraldine Derroire, Benoit Burban, Camila Silva Valeria, Martin Svátek, Wannes Hubau, Sarah A. Batterman, Vincent A. Vos, Elizabeth Kearsley, Peter M. Umunay, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hans Verbeeck, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, John R. Poulsen, Simon Willcock, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jean-Louis Doucet, Foster Brown, Yadvinder Malhi, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Ronald Vernimmen, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Martin Gilpin, Colin R. Maycock, Carlos Cerón, Radim Hédl, Oliver L. Phillips, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roderick Zagt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Pascal Boeckx, Roel J. W. Brienen, Marcelo F. Simon, Keith C. Hamer, Alberto Vicentini, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Clément Stahl, Javier Silva Espejo, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Erika Berenguer, Pieter A. Zuidema, Vianet Mihindou, Murray Collins, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Terry Brncic, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Paulo S. Morandi, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, William E. Magnusson, Lilian Blanc, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nicholas J. Berry, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Luzmila Arroyo, Douglas Sheil, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Sean C. Thomas, Eric Arets, Ernest G. Foli, Lola da Costa, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Lan Qie, James Singh, Lise Zemagho, Agustín Rudas, Richard B. Primack, Jan Reitsma, Annette Hladik, Alexander K. Koch, Colin A. Pendry, Walter A. Palacios, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Nicolas Labrière, Fernando Elias, Eric Chezeaux, William Milliken, Manuel Gloor, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Jefferson S. Hall, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Susan G. Laurance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marcos Silveira, Carolina V. Castilho, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kamariah Abu Salim, Joeri A. Zwerts, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Jos Barlow, Georgia Pickavance, Joice Ferreira, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Jorcely Barroso, Andrew R. Marshall, Miguel Alexiades, Lindsay F. Banin, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Rafael Herrera, Hans Beeckman, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Michelle Kalamandeen, Adriana Prieto, Ben Hur Marimon, Casimiro Mendoza, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Vincent Droissart, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Hannah L. Mossman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Aurélie Dourdain, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Bente B. Klitgaard, James Taplin, Damien Bonal, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jason Vleminckx, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Verginia Wortel, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Toby R. Marthews, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Andrew Ford, Niro Higuchi, Aida Cuni Sanchez, Aline Pontes Lopes, Laszlo Nagy, John Pipoly, Lee J. T. White, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, European Research Council, European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, National Geographic Society, Centre for International Forestry Research, Agence Nationale Des Parcs Nationaux (Gabon), University of Leeds, Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Edinburgh, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] (INPE), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Sch Geosci, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Biodiversité et Paysage, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Woods Hole Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Rougier Gabon, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), AgroParisTech, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université de Liège, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Milieux Désordonnés et Hétérogènes (LMDH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Commissariat général du Plan (CGP), Premier ministre, Instituto Nacional de Pequisas da Amazônia, Instituto National de Pequisas da Amazonia Brazil, Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, BP 30 379 Libreville, Gabon, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], James Cook University (JCU), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), University of Mary Washington, Chercheur indépendant, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Forest Research Centre (FRC), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Bur Waarderburg, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, CarboForExpert, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Stirling, Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Animal Ecology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Ecology, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tropical trees, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth, Planet, Climate, Acclimatization, Tropical forest carbon stocks, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Growth, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Tropical climate, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Photosynthesis, Hectare, Productivity, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Wood, Productivity (ecology), Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, C180 Ecology, Tree, Leaf Respiration, Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks, Climate Change, Climate change and forestry, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Global warming, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Carbon, CO₂ Fertilization, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acclimation
Abstract: The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate., Our plot monitoring networks havebeen supported by multiple grants from a large number of funding bodies: European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; European Union’s Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Framework Programme; Royal Society, Leverhulme Trust; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Geographic Society; Centre for International Forestry; and Gabon’s National Park Agency.
Published: 2020

19. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author: Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Marisol Toledo, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, José Luís Camargo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Georgia Pickavance, Pieter A. Zuidema, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Simon L. Lewis, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, René G. A. Boot, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Lourens Poorter, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Benoit Burban, Carlos A. Quesada, Kuo-Jung Chao, Casimiro Mendoza, Hans ter Steege, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Paulo S. Morandi, Adriana Prieto, Juliana Stropp, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, James Singh, Jon Lloyd, Timothy R. Baker, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Patrick Meir, Roderick Zagt, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Joey Talbot, Marielos Peña-Claros, Luzmila Arroyo, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Michel Baisie, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Julio Serrano, Raquel Thomas, Aurora Levesley, Emanuel Gloor, Julie Peacock, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Timothy J. Killeen, Yadvinder Malhi, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Natalino Silva, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Jorcely Barroso, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, William F. Laurance, Guido Pardo, James A. Comiskey, Agustín Rudas, Sophie Fauset, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Rafael Herrera, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Victor Chama Moscoso, Ted R. Feldpausch, Aurélie Dourdain, Damien Bonal, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Terry L. Erwin, Lilian Blanc, Anthony Di Fiore, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Haiyan Liu, Vincent A. Vos, Foster Brown, Roel J. W. Brienen, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Niro Higuchi, John Pipoly, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Peter van der Hout, University of Leeds, Plymouth University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), University of Plymouth, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Esquivel-Muelbert A., Phillips O.L., Brienen R.J.W., Fauset S., Sullivan M.J.P., Baker T.R., Chao K.-J., Feldpausch T.R., Gloor E., Higuchi N., Houwing-Duistermaat J., Lloyd J., Liu H., Malhi Y., Marimon B., Marimon Junior B.H., Monteagudo-Mendoza A., Poorter L., Silveira M., Torre E.V., Davila E.A., del Aguila Pasquel J., Almeida E., Loayza P.A., Andrade A., Aragao L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami A., Arets E., Arroyo L., Aymard C G.A., Baisie M., Baraloto C., Camargo P.B., Barroso J., Blanc L., Bonal D., Bongers F., Boot R., Brown F., Burban B., Camargo J.L., Castro W., Moscoso V.C., Chave J., Comiskey J., Valverde F.C., da Costa A.L., Cardozo N.D., Di Fiore A., Dourdain A., Erwin T., Llampazo G.F., Vieira I.C.G., Herrera R., Honorio Coronado E., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I., Jimenez-Rojas E., Killeen T., Laurance S., Laurance W., Levesley A., Lewis S.L., Ladvocat K.L.L.M., Lopez-Gonzalez G., Lovejoy T., Meir P., Mendoza C., Morandi P., Neill D., Nogueira Lima A.J., Vargas P.N., de Oliveira E.A., Camacho N.P., Pardo G., Peacock J., Pena-Claros M., Penuela-Mora M.C., Pickavance G., Pipoly J., Pitman N., Prieto A., Pugh T.A.M., Quesada C., Ramirez-Angulo H., de Almeida Reis S.M., Rejou-Machain M., Correa Z.R., Bayona L.R., Rudas A., Salomao R., Serrano J., Espejo J.S., Silva N., Singh J., Stahl C., Stropp J., Swamy V., Talbot J., ter Steege H., Terborgh J., Thomas R., Toledo M., Torres-Lezama A., Gamarra L.V., van der Heijden G., van der Meer P., van der Hout P., Martinez R.V., Vieira S.A., Cayo J.V., Vos V., Zagt R., Zuidema P., Galbraith D., University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chemistry(all), Software_GENERAL, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Amazonegebied, Carbon sink, Trees, Growth–survival trade-off, Risk Factors, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Biomass (ecology), GE, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Bomen, Mortality rate, food and beverages, risk factors, mortality, trees, PE&RC, Tropical ecology, Tree (data structure), population characteristics, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Brazil, geographic locations, GE Environmental Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Carbon Sequestration, Science, Physics and Astronomy(all), Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Tree mortality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, parasitic diseases, Forest ecology, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Author Correction, Vegetatie, Proportional Hazards Models, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), DAS, social sciences, General Chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Sterfte, lcsh:Q, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted—modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth–survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality., Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.
Published: 2020

20. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author: Javier Silva Espejo, Kuo-Jung Chao, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, René G. A. Boot, Lourens Poorter, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ana Andrade, Ted R. Feldpausch, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Yadvinder Malhi, Jon Lloyd, Joey Talbot, Jérôme Chave, José Luís Camargo, Paulo S. Morandi, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Adriana Prieto, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Timothy R. Baker, Julio Serrano, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Haiyan Liu, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Marisol Toledo, Agustín Rudas, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Juliana Stropp, Christopher Baraloto, Luzmila Arroyo, Simon L. Lewis, Thomas A. M. Pugh, James Singh, Roderick Zagt, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Lilian Blanc, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Terry L. Erwin, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Anthony Di Fiore, Peter van der Hout, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Niro Higuchi, William F. Laurance, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Sophie Fauset, Hans ter Steege, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, Emanuel Gloor, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Susan G. Laurance, Foster Brown, Marcos Silveira, Jorcely Barroso, Natalino Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Rafael Herrera, Victor Chama Moscoso, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Guido Pardo, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Wendeson Castro, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Carlos A. Quesada, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Pieter A. Zuidema, Aurora Levesley, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Julie Peacock, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Aurélie Dourdain, Georgia Pickavance, Casimiro Mendoza, Marielos Peña-Claros, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Benoit Burban, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Patrick Meir, Michel Baisie, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, John Pipoly, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Damien Bonal, and Esteban Alvarez Dávila
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Vegetation, Amazon rainforest, Science, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Mode (statistics), General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, PE&RC, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Geography, Statistics, Life Science, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Dead tree, Tree (set theory), Vegetatie
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in Table 2, where the number of individuals in the “All Amazonia” row was reported as 11,6431 instead of 116,431. Also, the original version of this Article contained an error in the Methods, where the R2 for the proportion of broken/uprooted dead trees increase per year was reported as 0.12, the correct value being 0.06. The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Gerardo A. Aymard C. with UNELLEZGuanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress–Greenlife.
Published: 2021

21. Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests

Author: Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, David A. Coomes, Connie J. Clark, Hannsjörg Wöll, Douglas Sheil, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Katharine Abernethy, Hans Verbeeck, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Ted R. Feldpausch, Terese B. Hart, Sam Moore, Robert Bitariho, Francesco Rovero, Joey Talbot, Lise Zemagho, C. Amani, Jefferson S. Hall, Sean C. Thomas, Amy C. Bennett, Pascal Boeckx, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Armandu K. Daniels, Fabrice Bénédet, Yadvinder Malhi, Alusine Fofanah, John R. Poulsen, David Kenfack, Lindsay F. Banin, Janvier Lisingo, Hans Beeckman, Jean-Louis Doucet, Eric Chezeaux, Emanuel Gloor, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou Hockemba, Timothy R. Baker, Jan Reitsma, Vincent P. Medjibe, Christelle Gonmadje, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem, Fidèle Baya, Serge K. Begne, Patrick Boundja, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Lucas Ojo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Hermann Taedoumg, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Benjamin Toirambe, Lan Qie, Jon C. Lovett, Greta C. Dargie, Elizabeth Kearsley, Darlington Tuagben, George B. Chuyong, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Terry Brncic, Pantaleo K. T. Munishi, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Tommaso Jucker, Simon Willcock, Yannick Enock Bocko, Emanuel H. Martin, Vianet Mihindou, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Simon L. Lewis, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Jean-Remy Makana, Andrew R. Marshall, Martin Gilpin, Bonaventure Sonké, Jeremy A. Lindsell, Faustin M. Mbayu, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Wannes Hubau, Suspense Averti Ifo, Peter M. Umunay, Duncan W. Thomas, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Ernest G. Foli, Lee J. T. White, Jaccques M. Mukinzi, Georgia Pickavance, James Taplin, Terry Sunderland, Annette Hladik, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Jason Vleminckx, Oliver L. Phillips, Sophie Fauset, Alexander K. Koch, David Harris, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Jim Martin, and Murray Collins
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Carbon Sequestration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rainforest, Carbon sequestration, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, History, 21st Century, Sink (geography), Trees, chemistry.chemical_compound, Forest ecology, Tropical climate, Life Science, Biomass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, geography, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Atmosphere, Temperature, Carbon sink, Carbon Dioxide, History, 20th Century, Models, Theoretical, Droughts, chemistry, Carbon dioxide, Africa, Environmental science, C180 Ecology, Brazil
Abstract: Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions1,2,3. Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest ‘carbon sink’ will continue for decades4,5. Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53–0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests6. Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth’s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature7,8,9. Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth’s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass10 reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth’s climate.
Published: 2019

22. Species Distribution Modelling: Contrasting presence-only models with plot abundance data

Author: Ophelia Wang, José Ferreira Ramos, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Bruno Garcia Luize, Ana Andrade, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Vincent A. Vos, Ángela Cano, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, James A. Comiskey, Kenneth J. Feeley, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Egleé L. Zent, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Stanford Zent, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Pascal Petronelli, Jean-François Molino, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Rogério Gribel, Christopher Baraloto, Luzmila Arroyo, William Milliken, Timothy R. Baker, Corine Vriesendorp, Henrik Balslev, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Juan Carlos Licona, Sasha Cárdenas, Percy Núñez Vargas, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Paul J. M. Maas, Daniel Sabatier, Stéphanie D. Ijff, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Charles E. Zartman, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Alberto Vicentini, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, John Terborgh, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Maria Pires Martins, José Luís Marcelo Peña, Toby Pennington, Juliana Schietti, Milton Tirado, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Lionel Hernández, Gabriel Damasco, Gerardo Aymard, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Aline Lopes, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Maíra da Rocha, Rafael L. Assis, Edwin Pos, Olaf Bánki, Cláudia Baider, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Vitor Hugo Freitas Gomes, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Cid Ferreira, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Jérôme Chave, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Susamar Pansini, Ted R. Feldpausch, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Agustín Rudas, Casimiro Mendoza, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Italo Mesones, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Marcelo F. Simon, Alvaro Duque, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carlos Cerón, Hans ter Steege, Yadvinder Malhi, Jean Louis Guillaumet, Miles R. Silman, Pablo R. Stevenson, Daniel Praia, E. M. Jimenez, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Paul V. A. Fine, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bruce Hoffman, Mariana Victória Irume, Carolina V. Castilho, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Miguel Alexiades, Terry W. Henkel, William Farfan-Rios, Daniel Villarroel, Anthony Di Fiore, Dairon Cárdenas López, Roderick Zagt, Florian Wittmann, Niels Raes, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Julien Engel, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Peter M. Jørgensen, Diego Correa, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Kenneth R. Young, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Nállarett Dávila, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Hugo Mogollón, Thaise Emilio, Hernán Castellanos, Katia Regina Casula, Ben Hur Marimon, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Francisco Dallmeier, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, Therany Gonzales, Natalia Targhetta, Patricio von Hildebrand, Juliana Stropp, Boris Villa, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Daniela Pauletto, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Adriana Prieto, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Rodrigo Sierra, Priscila Souza, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, William F. Laurance, José Luís Camargo, Fernanda Carvalho, Tinde van Andel, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, César I.A. Vela, Kyle G. Dexter, William E. Magnusson, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Joana Ricardo, Alfonso Alonso, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Doug Daly, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Natalino Silva, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Carlos A. Peres, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), International Center for Tropical Botany, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marine and Coastal Management, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Instituto SINCHI, University of California, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, University of Leeds, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas Do Amapá - IEPA, Université de Montpellier, Field Museum, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Nicholas School of the Environment, Santa Cruz, Universidade Do Estado de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP, University of Exeter, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Agteca-Amazonica, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Santa Cruz, James Cook University, Fiocruz, IOC/FIOCRUZ Pav. Arthur Neiva, Calle Chile, Universidad de Los Andes, University of Amsterdam, UNELLEZ-Guanare, Endangered Species Coalition, Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service, Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Wageningen University and Research, Kew, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, University of Miami Coral, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro, Alfredo Paredes Universidad Central, Florida International University, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Federal University of Alagoas, Universidade Federal Do Acre, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Univ Guyane, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Humboldt State University, New York Botanical Garden, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Universitario UMSA, Missouri Botanical Garden, University of East Anglia, UMR 5174 EDB, Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Wake Forest University, University of Texas at Austin, Madre de Dios, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Conservation University of Florida, Fundación Estación de Biología, Amazon Conservation Team, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), ACEER Foundation, Universidad Autónoma Del Beni José Ballivián, Centro de Investigación y Promoción Del Campesinado, Dyson Perrins Building, University of Queensland, University of Washington, University of Nottingham, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense, University of Maryland, GeoIS, Northern Arizona University, Manejo Forestal en Las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Mauritius Herbarium, Aarhus University, Conservation Biology Institute, Tropenbos International, Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará, University of Missouri, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, University of Kent, Universidad Técnica Del Norte, Utrecht University, Free University, Systems Ecology, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography & travel, Physiology, QH301 Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, biodiversité, Trees, Abundance (ecology), Statistics, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, IUCN Red List, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS, ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELS, lcsh:Science, Conservation Of Natural Resources, ddc:910, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Statistical Model, Species Distribution, MAXENT, Fabaceae, 3rd-DAS, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, Écologie des populations, Sensitivity Analysis, BIAS, FLORESTAS TROPICAIS, Brazil, Tree, Human, Conservation of Natural Resources, Occupancy, Conservation, Distribution des populations, 010603 evolutionary biology, Plot (graphics), Article, Chrysobalanaceae, QH301, Écologie forestière, Inverse distance weighting, Pipeline, Statistics And Numerical Data, Life Science, Humans, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Species, Models, Statistical, Plant Dispersal, Brasil, lcsh:R, Information Processing, PERFORMANCE, Polygonaceae, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Environmental niche modelling, THRESHOLDS, PATTERN, Modélisation, ABSENCE DATA, Environmental science, peuplement forestier, lcsh:Q, Prediction, Environmental Protection
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Ministério da Educação Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in ecology and conservation. Presence-only SDMs such as MaxEnt frequently use natural history collections (NHCs) as occurrence data, given their huge numbers and accessibility. NHCs are often spatially biased which may generate inaccuracies in SDMs. Here, we test how the distribution of NHCs and MaxEnt predictions relates to a spatial abundance model, based on a large plot dataset for Amazonian tree species, using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We also propose a new pipeline to deal with inconsistencies in NHCs and to limit the area of occupancy of the species. We found a significant but weak positive relationship between the distribution of NHCs and IDW for 66% of the species. The relationship between SDMs and IDW was also significant but weakly positive for 95% of the species, and sensitivity for both analyses was high. Furthermore, the pipeline removed half of the NHCs records. Presence-only SDM applications should consider this limitation, especially for large biodiversity assessments projects, when they are automatically generated without subsequent checking. Our pipeline provides a conservative estimate of a species' area of occupancy, within an area slightly larger than its extent of occurrence, compatible to e.g. IUCN red list assessments. Coordenação de Botânica Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Ambientais Universidade Federal Do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01 Biodiversity Dynamics Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517 Marine and Coastal Management, Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1 Coordenação de Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 EMBRAPA Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, BR 174 km 8, Distrito Industrial Herbario Amazónico Colombiano Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5-44 Department of Integrative Biology University of California Universidad San Francisco de Quito Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 School of Geography University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane Department of Wetland Ecology Institute of Geography and Geoecology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr 1 Biogeochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas Do Amapá - IEPA Campus Do IEPA da Fazendinha, Rodovia JK Km 10 AMAP IRD Cirad CNRS INRA Université de Montpellier, TA A-51/PS2, Bd. de la Lironde Science and Education Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Jardín Botánico de Missouri Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências - IB, Av. 24 A 1515 Centro de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto - DSR Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas 1758 Herbario Vargas Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733 Departamento de Geografia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Extas - IGCe Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9.5 Center for Tropical Conservation Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte Universidade Federal de Rondônia Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5 Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal Santa Cruz, Av. 6 agosto 28 Km 14,Doble via La Guardia Casilla, 6204 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Do Estado de Mato Grosso Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP, Av. A. Quiñones km 2.5 Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65 Agteca-Amazonica Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Santa Cruz Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia Embrapa Recursos Genéticos Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W5 Norte Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane Fiocruz, Rua Terezina 476 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Saúde Instituto Oswaldo Cruz IOC/FIOCRUZ Pav. Arthur Neiva, Térreo Av. Brasil 4365 Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904 Programa de Ciencias Del Agro y El Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) UNELLEZ-Guanare Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd MAUA Working Group Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane Center for Conservation Education Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123 Biologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109 Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936 Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, P.O. Box 47 Natural Capital and Plant Health Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Ecosistemas Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral) Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Santa Cruz, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489 Centro de Biociências Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte Campus Universitário Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral Instituto de Biociências Dept. Ecologia Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321 Diretoria de Pesquisas Científicas Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes Universidad Central, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177 International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243 Grupo de Ecología de Ecosistemas Terrestres Tropicales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía Institute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Museu Universitário Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal Universidade Federal Do Acre Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Km 7 via Muyuna Cirad UMR Ecofog AgrosParisTech CNRS INRA Univ Guyane Campus Agronomique Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405 Herbario Nacional de Bolivia Universitario UMSA, Casilla 10077 Correo Central Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299 School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS Université Paul Sabatier UMR 5174 EDB Department of Forestry Management Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Avenido La Molina, Apdo. 456 School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings Biology Department Center for Energy Environment and Sustainability Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd Department of Anthropology University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200 Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program Madre de Dios Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201 Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales-COCIBA Galapagos Institute for the Arts and Sciences-GAIAS Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ Department of Wildlife Ecology Conservation University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall Fundación Estación de Biología, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201 Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro S/no Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945 Amazon Conservation Team, Doekhieweg Oost #24 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Medio Ambiente Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, Jirón San Martín 451 Laboratory of Human Ecology Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632 Departement EV Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 16 rue Buffon Instituto de Ciência Agrárias Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501 PROTERRA Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2 5 ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco No 370 Universidad Autónoma Del Beni José Ballivián Campus Universitario Final, Av. Ejercito Regional Norte Amazónico Centro de Investigación y Promoción Del Campesinado, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra No 362 Environmental Change Institute Oxford University Centre for the Environment Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road School of Agriculture and Food Sciences ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions CEED University of Queensland Instituto de Investigaciones para El Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR) Universidad de Los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101 School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington University of Nottingham, University Park Geography and the Environment University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, CLA building Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 Department of Biology University of Maryland GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3o Piso Environmental Science and Policy Northern Arizona University FOMABO Manejo Forestal en Las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR) Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS) Agricultural Services Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security Agricultural Services Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security Mauritius Herbarium Department of Bioscience Aarhus University, Building 1540 Ny Munkegade Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10 Medio Ambiente PLUSPRETOL Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability Smithsonian's National Zoo Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Ave Tropenbos International, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232 Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará Campus Tapajós, Rua Vera Paz Department of Biology University of Missouri Facultad de Biologia Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent, Marlowe Building Herbario Nacional Del Ecuador Universidad Técnica Del Norte Ecology and Biodiversity Group Utrecht University, Padualaan 8 Systems Ecology Free University, De Boelelaan 1087 Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências - IB, Av. 24 A 1515 Departamento de Geografia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Extas - IGCe CAPES: 407232/2013-3-PVE CNPq: 407232/2013-3-PVE Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação: 407232/2013-3-PVE Ministério da Educação: 407232/2013-3-PVE
Published: 2018

23. Seasonal drought limits tree species across the Neotropics

Author: Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Jorcely Barroso, Kyle G. Dexter, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Miguel Alexiaides, Victor Chama Moscoso, Corine Vriesendorp, Marcos Silveira, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Kenneth R. Young, Timothy J. Killeen, Sonia Palacios, Milton Aulestia, Todd S. Fredericksen, Ligia E. Urrego, César I.A. Vela, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Ted R. Feldpausch, René G. A. Boot, Alfonso Alonso, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Nállarett Dávila, Carlos A. Quesada, Therany Gonzales, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Milton Tirado, Rodrigo Sierra, Patricio von Hildebrand, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Nigel C. A. Pitman, William Nauray, Simon L. Lewis, Fernando Cornejo, Yadvinder Malhi, Georgia Pickavance, Douglas C. Daly, María Natalia Umaña, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Juliana Stropp, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Francisco Dallmeier, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Terry L. Erwin, Henrik Balslev, Casimiro Mendoza, Anthony Di Fiore, Marielos Peña-Claros, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Pablo R. Stevenson, Ángela Cano, Ophelia Wang, Charles E. Zartman, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Marisol Toledo, Hugo Mogollón, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Luzmila Arroyo, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, James A. Comiskey, Hans ter Steege, Timothy R. Baker, Juan Fernando Phillips, Rojas Eliana Maria Jiménez, Peter M. Jørgensen, Zorayda Restrepo, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Manuel Ahuite, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Julie Peacock, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Tropenbos International, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, RAPID DIVERSIFICATION, Range (biology), TROPICAL FORESTS, Biodiversity, Climate change, Biology, AMAZONIAN FORESTS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Water Stress, SOUTH-AMERICA, Population Distribution, Plant Community, Tropical Forest, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Precipitation, Neotropical Region, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, METACOMMUNITY STRUCTURE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Data Set, Drought, Ecology, Tropics, Species Diversity, Seasonal Variation, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK, Forest Canopy, GLOBAL LAND AREAS, RAIN-FOREST TREES, Species Richness, Species richness, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Within the tropics, the species richness of tree communities is strongly and positively associated with precipitation. Previous research has suggested that this macroecological pattern is driven by the negative effect of water-stress on the physiological processes of most tree species. This implies that the range limits of taxa are defined by their ability to occur under dry conditions, and thus in terms of species distributions predicts a nested pattern of taxa distribution from wet to dry areas. However, this ‘dry-tolerance’ hypothesis has yet to be adequately tested at large spatial and taxonomic scales. Here, using a dataset of 531 inventory plots of closed canopy forest distributed across the western Neotropics we investigated how precipitation, evaluated both as mean annual precipitation and as the maximum climatological water deficit, influences the distribution of tropical tree species, genera and families. We find that the distributions of tree taxa are indeed nested along precipitation gradients in the western Neotropics. Taxa tolerant to seasonal drought are disproportionally widespread across the precipitation gradient, with most reaching even the wettest climates sampled; however, most taxa analysed are restricted to wet areas. Our results suggest that the ‘dry tolerance' hypothesis has broad applicability in the world's most species-rich forests. In addition, the large number of species restricted to wetter conditions strongly indicates that an increased frequency of drought could severely threaten biodiversity in this region. Overall, this study establishes a baseline for exploring how tropical forest tree composition may change in response to current and future environmental changes in this region. © 2016 The Authors
Published: 2016

24. Environmental drivers of forest structure and stem turnover across Venezuelan tropical forests

Author: Gerardo Aymard, Lionel Hernández, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Luis E. Gámez, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Emilio Vilanova, Gregory J. Ettl, Cristabel Durán, Oliver L. Phillips, Armando Torres-Lezama, and Rafael Herrera
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rain, Plant Science, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Tropical climate, Biomass, Biomass (ecology), Principal Component Analysis, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Plant Anatomy, Temperature, Eukaryota, Plants, Terrestrial Environments, Wood, Alluvial plain, Productivity (ecology), Regional variation, Research Design, Medicine, Seasons, Research Article, Census, Ecological Metrics, Death Rates, Science, Biomass (Ecology), Climate change, Context (language use), Research and Analysis Methods, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecosystems, Population Metrics, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Survey Research, Population Biology, Productivity (Ecology), Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Venezuela, Carbon, Earth Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Using data from 50 long-term permanent plots from across Venezuelan forests in northern South America, we explored large-scale patterns of stem turnover, aboveground biomass (AGB) and woody productivity (AGWP), and the relationships between them and with potential climatic drivers. We used principal component analysis coupled with generalized least squares models to analyze the relationship between climate, forest structure and stem dynamics. Two major axes associated with orthogonal temperature and moisture gradients effectively described more than 90% of the environmental variability in the dataset. Average turnover was 1.91 ± 0.10% year-1 with mortality and recruitment being almost identical, and close to average rates for other mature tropical forests. Turnover rates were significantly different among regions (p < 0.001), with the lowland forests in Western alluvial plains being the most dynamic, and Guiana Shield forests showing the lowest turnover rates. We found a weak positive relationship between AGB and AGWP, with Guiana Shield forests having the highest values for both variables (204.8 ± 14.3 Mg C ha-1 and 3.27 ± 0.27 Mg C ha-1 year-1 respectively), but AGB was much more strongly and negatively related to stem turnover. Our data suggest that moisture is a key driver of turnover, with longer dry seasons favoring greater rates of tree turnover and thus lower biomass, having important implications in the context of climate change, given the increases in drought frequency in many tropical forests. Regional variation in AGWP among Venezuelan forests strongly reflects the effects of climate, with greatest woody productivity where both precipitation and temperatures are high. Overall, forests in wet, low elevation sites and with slow turnover stored the greatest amounts of biomass. Although faster stand dynamics are closely associated with lower carbon storage, stem-level turnover rates and woody productivity did not show any correlation, indicating that stem dynamics and carbon dynamics are largely decoupled from one another.
Published: 2018

25. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Author: Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Georgia Pickavance, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Wendeson Castro, Julie Peacock, Emilio Vilanova, Julien Engel, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, José Luís Camargo, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Lan Qie, Jon Lloyd, Carlos A. Quesada, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Jérôme Chave, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, William F. Laurance, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Sophie Fauset, Hans ter Steege, Vincent A. Vos, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Pascal Petronelli, Damien Bonal, Roel J. W. Brienen, César I.A. Vela, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Niro Higuchi, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Simon L. Lewis, Timothy R. Baker, Fernando Elias, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Wannes Hubau, Adriana Prieto, Ted R. Feldpausch, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Natalino Silva, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Yadvinder Malhi, Jorcely Barroso, Kyle G. Dexter, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Terry L. Erwin, Anthony Di Fiore, Victor Chama Moscoso, Oliver L. Phillips, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Clément Stahl, Jos Barlow, Bruno Hérault, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Pieter A. Zuidema, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Peter van der Hout, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Paulo S. Morandi, Guido Pardo, René G. A. Boot, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, James Singh, Agustín Rudas, Luzmila Arroyo, Peter J. van de Meer, Lourens Poorter, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Frans Bongers, Emanuel Gloor, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Juliana Stropp, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, University of Leeds, School of Geography [Leeds], Imperial College London, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Fundación Con-Vida, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, The Royal Society, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tropical forests, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, adaptation aux changements climatiques, forêt tropicale, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, traits, CARBON STORAGE, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, Primary Research Article, functional traits, skin and connective tissue diseases, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GE, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, PE&RC, Geography, climate change, NEOTROPICAL FOREST, GROWTH, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Functional traits, Communauté végétale, GE Environmental Sciences, VEGETATION DYNAMICS, F40 - Écologie végétale, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, bioclimatic niches, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, Tropical Forest, Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Temporal Variation, Bois tropical, Vegetatie, Changement climatique, Science & Technology, Bioclimatic niches, Composition botanique, Brasil, Water, 15. Life on land, 06 Biological Sciences, Floristics, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, functional, Season, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Physiology, WOOD DENSITY, Biodiversity & Conservation, 05 Environmental Sciences, DIVERSITY, Bibliomatic niches, Tropic Climate, Trees, Environmental Science(all), Dry season, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Lowland Environment, Tropial forests, tropical forests, Bioclimatology, PERVASIVE ALTERATION, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Funtional traits, Classification, Biodiversity Conservation, Seasons, TREE COMMUNITIES, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Brazil, Tree, Temporal trends, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Niche, Environmental Chemistry, Forest, Compositional shifts, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Tropics, DAS, Carbon Dioxide, Primary Research Articles, Climatic change, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, sense organs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dioxyde de carbone, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Funding Information: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Grant/Award Number: NE/ N004655/1; NERC Consortium Grants “AMAZONICA”; BIO‐RED; European Research Council (ERC); The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/ Award Number: 282664; Royal Society, Grant/Award Number: CH160091; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change. Publisher PDF
Published: 2018

26. Lianas in gaps reduce carbon accumulation in a tropical forest

Author: Stefan A. Schnitzer, Joseph Mascaro, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, and Walter P. Carson
Subjects: Biomass (ecology), Panama, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Carbon uptake, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Tropical forest, Competition (biology), Carbon storage, Liana, chemistry, Environmental science, Carbon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract: Treefall gaps are the “engines of regeneration” in tropical forests and are loci of high tree recruitment, growth, and carbon accumulation. Gaps, however, are also sites of intense competition between lianas and trees, whereby lianas can dramatically reduce tree carbon uptake and accumulation. Because lianas have relatively low biomass, they may displace far more biomass than they contribute, a hypothesis that has never been tested with the appropriate experiments. We tested this hypothesis with an 8-yr liana removal experiment in central Panama. After 8 years, mean tree biomass accumulation was 180% greater in liana-free treefall gaps compared to control gaps. Lianas themselves contributed only 24% of the tree biomass accumulation they displaced. Scaling to the forest level revealed that lianas in gaps reduced net forest woody biomass accumulation by 8.9% to nearly 18%. Consequently, lianas reduce whole-forest carbon uptake despite their relatively low biomass. This is the first study to demonstrate experimentally that plant–plant competition can result in ecosystem-wide losses in forest carbon, and it has critical implications for recently observed increases in liana density and biomass on tropical forest carbon dynamics.
Published: 2014

27. Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees

Author: Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, William F. Laurance, Jérôme Chave, Kyle G. Dexter, Hans ter Steege, Miguel Alexiades, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Iêda Leão do Amaral, J. Natalino M. Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Adriana Prieto, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Yadvinder Malhi, Alejandro Araujo, Fredy Ramírez, Marisol Toledo, Marcelo F. Simon, Carlos A. Quesada, Rodolfo Vasquez, Susan G. Laurance, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Marcos Silveira, Agustín Rudas, R. Toby Pennington, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Emanuel Gloor, Hirma Ramírez Angulo, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Timothy R. Baker, Ana Andrade, Simon L. Lewis, Gerardo Aymard, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Vincent A. Vos, Isau Huamantupa, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Luzmila Arroyo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Esteban Álvarez, Damien Bonal, Euridice Honorio, Claudio Leaño, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Susana Magallón, Timothy J. Killeen, Niro Higuchi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Ted R. Feldpausch, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Anthony Di Fiore, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Emilio Vilanova, John Terborgh, University of Leeds, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), James Cook University (JCU), University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad del Tolima, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Herbario Universitario PORT, Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Conservation International, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (CENARGEN), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Universiteit Utrecht, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Environmental Research Council [NE/I028122/1, NE/F005806/1], European Commission [282664, 283080], Royal Society, National Geographic Society, Tropenbos International, European Commission, NASA Longterm Biosphere-Atmosphere Project in Amazonia (LBA), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [558069/2009-6], projeto INCT Processo [574008/2008-0], National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Brazil, Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network, a collaboration among Conservation International, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, French ANR [CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025, TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041], European Research Council project 'Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System', Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity
Subjects: tropical forest, Canopy, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Amazonian, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, generation time, Biology, Models, Biological, diversity, Trees, traits, Models, evolution, Tropical climate, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, patterns, Letters, species richness, Clade, climate, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, forests, Tropical Climate, Diversity, Vegetation, Ecology, clades, life-history, turnover, South America, 15. Life on land, Biological, divergence times, Trait, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Species richness, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat, ecological limits
Abstract: International audience; The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait and demographic data from a large network of forest plots, we show that fast demographic traits - short turnover times - are associated with high diversification rates across 51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to assuming that diversification rates are either constant or decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of Amazonian trees and forests.
Published: 2014

28. Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests across the tropics

Author: Connie J. Clark, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Jianwei Tang, Jean-François Gillet, Gabriella Fredriksson, Serge A. Wich, Asyraf Mansor, Nicole Zweifel, Jean-Louis Doucet, Yadvinder Malhi, Yves Laumonier, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Tran Van Do, Marcos Silveira, Frans Bongers, Lilian Blanc, Murray Collins, Emilio Vilanova, Reuben Nilus, Francesco Rovero, Hannsjoerg Wöll, Johan van Valkenburg, Gary D. Paoli, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, John R. Poulsen, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Eizi Suzuki, David Harris, Alexander Parada-Gutierrez, Emanuel H. Martin, Miguel E. Leal, Tsuyoshi Yoneda, Gilles Dauby, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Ming-Gang Zhang, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Hans ter Steege, Kazuki Miyamoto, Douglas Sheil, Runguo Zang, Yi Ding, Meredith L. Bastian, Andrea Permana, Tariq Stévart, Andes Hamuraby Rozak, Krista L. McGuire, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Patrick Boundja, Wilson Roberto Spironelo, J. W. Ferry Slik, Ida Theilade, Olle Forshed, Gilberto Enrique Navarro-Aguilar, Jorcely Barroso, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Vincent A. Vos, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Jan Reitsma, Onrizal Onrizal, and Eddy Nurtjahya
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Tropics, Rainforest, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Monodominance, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Precipitation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Aim Large trees (d.b.h. 70 cm) store large amounts of biomass. Several studies suggest that large trees may be vulnerable to changing climate, poten- tially leading to declining forest biomass storage. Here we determine the importance of large trees for tropical forest biomass storage and explore which intrinsic (species trait) and extrinsic (environment) variables are associated with the density of large trees and forest biomass at continental and pan-tropical scales. Location Pan-tropical.
Published: 2013

29. Response to Verbeeck and Kearsley: addressing the challenges of including lianas in global vegetation models

Author: Stefan A. Schnitzer, Jennifer S. Powers, and Geertje M. F. van der Heijden
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon Cycle, Trees, Magnoliopsida, Geography, Liana, 13. Climate action, Antibiosis, Letters, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Verbeeck and Kearsley (1) rightfully point out that global vegetation models would greatly benefit from implicitly including the effects of lianas. Recent experimental evidence that lianas substantially reduce the capacity of tropical forests to uptake and store carbon is compelling (2, 3). Furthermore, lianas are increasing relative to trees rapidly in many neotropical forests (4), which will further change the way that forests uptake, cycle, and store carbon.
Published: 2015

30. Calibrating the liana crown occupancy index in Amazonian forests

Author: Oliver L. Phillips, Ana de la Fuente Herrero, Ted R. Feldpausch, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, and Naomi K. van der Velden
Subjects: Canopy, Occupancy, Forest dynamics, Ecology, Forestry, Rainforest, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, Basal area, Plant ecology, Liana, Forest ecology, Statistics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: Lianas hold an important, but understudied, role in forest dynamics, however they are difficult to measure and detailed liana measurements are time consuming. Many researchers have therefore used an ordinal scale index, the crown occupancy index (COI), to describe the liana load carried by trees. Here we assess the overall effectiveness, in terms of accuracy, precision, repeatability and efficiency, of the COI in tropical forests. We relate the COI to more detailed liana measurements at the individual tree-level and site-level, comparing sites with different levels of liana infestation. Our results show (1) that the COI accurately measures individual tree and plot level liana loads, indicated by the strong correlations between the COI and the number and basal area of lianas. However, (2) as expected, the COI is only weakly related to the basal area of lianas rooted close to the tree, which is a proxy for competition for below-ground resources. The COI is also (3) an efficient measure of liana loads, as the input time needed for a COI survey is considerably less than that of a detailed liana survey. We also (4) found a high degree of repeatability in COI classification between observers. Additionally (5), the COI can be used to differentiate between sites in terms of their overall liana canopy competition (precision), but (6) may not be a precise indicator of the site-level mean basal area of lianas in tree crowns.
Published: 2010

31. What controls liana success in Neotropical forests?

Author: Oliver L. Phillips and Geertje M. F. van der Heijden
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Community structure, Tropics, Biology, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Basal area, Liana, Tropical climate, Dry season, medicine, Dominance (ecology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Aim We seek to determine the factors which control the success of lianas across macroecological gradients. Lianas have a strong impact on the growth, mortality and biomass of tropical trees, and are reported to be increasing in dominance, so understanding their behaviour is important from the perspectives of both ecological and global change. Location Lowland and montane Neotropical forests. Methods Using 65 standardized samples of lianas ( ≥ 2.5 cm diameter) from across the Neotropics, we attempted to account for characteristics of both the environment and the forest in explaining macroecological variation in liana success in Neotropical forests, using regression analyses and structural equation modelling. Results We found that both liana density and basal area were unrelated to mean annual precipitation, dry season length or soil variables, except for a weak effect of mean annual precipitation on liana basal area. Structural characteristics of the forest explained more of the variation in liana density and basal area than the physical environment. More disturbed forests generally tended to have a higher liana density. Liana basal area, however, was highest in undisturbed forests. Main conclusions The availability of host trees and their characteristics may be more important than the direct effects of the physical environment in controlling the success of lianas in Neotropical forests. Changes to the tropical climate in the coming century may not strongly affect lianas directly, but could have very substantial indirect effects via changes in tree community structure and dynamics.
Published: 2008

32. Infestation of trees by lianas in a tropical forest in Amazonian Peru

Author: Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, John R. Healey, and Oliver L. Phillips
Subjects: Vine, Ecology, Crown (botany), Forestry, Plant Science, Biology, Site tree, medicine.disease_cause, Trunk, Liana, visual_art, parasitic diseases, Infestation, Botany, medicine, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bark, Tree (set theory)
Abstract: Question: In Amazonian moist forest, four questions arose: 1. Do tree species differ in their susceptibility to lianas? 2. What host tree traits (branch-free bole height, growth rate, bark type, leaf length and adult stature) are correlated with the susceptibility of tree species to lianas infesting the trunk and the crown? 3. To what extent do spatial variables (proximity to liana-infested trees and the light environment of the tree crown) affect the likelihood of liana infestation? 4. Are spatial variables or tree traits relatively more important in influencing the susceptibility of trees to lianas? We address all questions separately for trunk and crown infestation. Location: Tambopata Nature Reserve, Peru. Methods: We collected information on liana infestation, tree morphological traits, growth, light-environment and position for 3675 trees in seven 1-ha permanent sample plots. We separated trunk from crown infestation and used correlation and logistic regression analyses for tree species and...
Published: 2008

33. Lianas reduce carbon accumulation and storage in tropical forests

Author: Jennifer S. Powers, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, and Stefan A. Schnitzer
Subjects: Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, Panama, Significant difference, Primary production, Forestry, Lianas, Carbon Balance, Carbon Sequestration, Tropical Forests, Panama, Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, Biology, Carbon sequestration, Forests, Photosynthesis, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, Trees, Magnoliopsida, Agronomy, Liana, Tropical climate, Antibiosis, Biomass, Letters, Woody plant
Abstract: Tropical forests store vast quantities of carbon, account for one-third of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis, and are a major sink in the global carbon cycle. Recent evidence suggests that competition between lianas (woody vines) and trees may reduce forest-wide carbon uptake; however, estimates of the impact of lianas on carbon dynamics of tropical forests are crucially lacking. Here we used a large-scale liana removal experiment and found that, at 3 y after liana removal, lianas reduced net above-ground carbon uptake (growth and recruitment minus mortality) by ∼76% per year, mostly by reducing tree growth. The loss of carbon uptake due to liana-induced mortality was four times greater in the control plots in which lianas were present, but high variation among plots prevented a significant difference among the treatments. Lianas altered how aboveground carbon was stored. In forests where lianas were present, the partitioning of forest aboveground net primary production was dominated by leaves (53.2%, compared with 39.2% in liana-free forests) at the expense of woody stems (from 28.9%, compared with 43.9%), resulting in a more rapid return of fixed carbon to the atmosphere. After 3 y of experimental liana removal, our results clearly demonstrate large differences in carbon cycling between forests with and without lianas. Combined with the recently reported increases in liana abundance, these results indicate that lianas are an important and increasing agent of change in the carbon dynamics of tropical forests.
Published: 2015

34. Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Author: Ted R. Feldpausch, Naara Ferreira da Silva, A C Gerardo Aymard, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Milton Tirado, Egleé L. Zent, Nállarett Dávila, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Therany Gonzales, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Francisco Dallmeier, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, William Milliken, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Rafael L. Assis, Natalia Targhetta, César I.A. Vela, Miguel Alexiades, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Henrik Balslev, Ophelia Wang, Patricio von Hildebrand, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, José Ferreira Ramos, Alfonso Alonso, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Bruce Hoffman, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Alberto Vincentini, Bruno Garcia Luize, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Corine Vriesendorp, José Luís Camargo, Cláudia Baider, Dairon Cárdenas López, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Adriana Prieto, Natalino Silva, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Christopher Baraloto, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Hans ter Steege, Deborah de Castro, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Carvalho, Ademir R. Ruschell, Tinde van Andel, Maria Pires Martins, Yadvinder Malhi, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Agustín Rudas, Marisol Toledo, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Peter M. Jørgensen, Ben-Hur Marimon, Juliana Stropp, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Daniel Sabatier, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, James A. Comiskey, Thaise Emilio, Roderick Zagt, Gabriel Damasco, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Lionel Hernández, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, William Farfan-Rios, Rodrigo Sierra, Florian Wittmann, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, William E. Magnusson, Miles R. Silman, Anthony Di Fiore, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Daniel Villarroel, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Italo Mesones, Priscila Souza, Carolina V. Castilho, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Katia Regina Casula, Jochen Schöngart, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Juan Fernando Phillips, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carlos Cerón, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Stanford Zent, Daniela Pauletto, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Ana Andrade, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Paul V. A. Fine, Timothy R. Baker, Carlos A. Peres, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Hernán Castellanos, M. P. Pansonato, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Marcelo F. Simon, Casimiro Mendoza, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, William F. Laurance, Jean-François Molino, Ángela Cano, Juliana Schietti, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Luzmila Arroyo, Doug Daly, Julien Engel, Natalia de Castro, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Cid Ferreira, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, Kenneth R. Young, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Timothy J. Killeen, Susamar Pansini, Paul J. M. Maas, Charles E. Zartman, Vincent A. Vos, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Rogério Gribel, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Hugo Mogollón, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Duke University [Durham], Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador] (UDLA), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Missouri Bot Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, James Cook University (JCU), School of Geography [Leeds], Department of Integrative Biology, Bot Grad Program, Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, University of Edinburgh, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, MRC 705, Box 37012, Washington, DC, VA 20013-7012, USA, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas, Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Humboldt State University (HSU), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Department of Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Chercheur indépendant, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford [Oxford], Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), School of Geography, University of Oxford, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Instituto de Manejo Forestal, University of Kent [Canterbury], Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Alberta Mennega Stichting, ALCOA Suriname, Amazon Conservation Association, Banco de la Republica, CELOS Suriname, CAPES (PNPG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvovimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), PELD [558069/2009-6, 403792/2012-6], PRONEX-FAPEAM [1600/2006], Areas Umidas, MAUA, PPBio, PVE [004/2012], Universal [479599/2008-4, 3078072009-6], FAPEAM [DCR/2006], Hidroveg, FAPESP, PRONEX, Colciencias, CONICIT, Duke University, Ecopetrol, FEPIM [044/2003], The Field Museum, Conservation International/DC, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Guyana Forestry Commission, Investissement d'Avenir grant of the French ANR [ANR-10-LABX-0025], IVIC, Margaret Mee Amazon Trust, Miquel fonds, MCTI-Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi-Proc [407232/2013-3-PVE-MEC/MCTI/CAPES/CNPq], National Geographic Society [7754-04, 8047-06, 6679-99, 7435-03, 8481-08], NSF Dissertation Improvement, Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research WOTRO [WB85-335, W84-581], Primate Conservation Inc., Programme Ecosystemes Tropicaux (French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development), Shell Prospecting and Development Peru, Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, Stichting het van Eeden-fonds, The Body Shop, The Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador, TROBIT, Tropenbos International, U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF-0743457, NSF0101775, NSF-0918591], USAID, Variety Woods Guyana, Wenner-Gren Foundation, WWF-Brazil, WWF-Guianas, Xlleme Contrat de Plan Etat Region-Guyane (French Government and European Union), European Union, UK Natural Environment Research Council, Gordon and BettyMoore Foundation, European Research Council Advanced Grant, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, [NSF-0726797], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), ter Steege, Hans, Hans ter Steege, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, Nigel C. A. Pitman, The Field Museum / Duke University, Timothy J. Killeen, Agteca-Amazonica, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Carlos A. Peres, University of East Anglia, Juan Ernesto Guevara, University of California / Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Iêda Leão Amaral, INPA, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, INPA, Luiz de Souza Coelho, INPA, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, INPA, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, IEPA, Mariana Victória Irume, INPA, Maria Pires Martins, INPA, Jean-François Molino, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Daniel Sabatier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Florian Wittmann, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Dairon Cárdenas López, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, IEPA, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, UFRO, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, UFRO, John Terborgh, Duke University, Katia Regina Casula, UFRO, Juan Carlos Montero, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Leeds / University of Exeter, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds / Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Alvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Charles Eugene Zartman, INPA, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Rodolfo Vasquez, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Rafael L. Assis, INPA, MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS, CENARGEN, MARCELO FRAGOMENI SIMON, CENARGEN, Ana Andrade, INPA, José Luís Camargo, INPA, Susan G. W. Laurance, James Cook University, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, INPA, Beatriz S. Marimon, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Ben-Hur Marimon Jr., Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Flávia Costa, INPA, Natalia Targhetta, INPA, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, MPEG, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Hernán Castellanos, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, University of Amsterdam, Hugo F. Mogollón, Endangered Species Coalition, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, INPA, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service, Gabriel Damasco, University of California, Nállarett Dávila, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Universidad de los Andes, Alberto Vincentini, INPA, Thaise Emilio, INPA / Royal Botanic Gardens, Carolina Levis, INPA / University of Wageningen, Juliana Schietti, INPA, Priscila Souza, INPA, Alfonso Alonso, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Francisco Dallmeier, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Luzmila Arroyo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, INPA, Fernanda Coelho Souza, INPA, Dário Dantas do Amaral, MPEG, Rogerio Gribel, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Bruno Garcia Luize, INPA, Marcelo Petrati Pansonato, INPA, Eduardo Venticinque, UFRN, Paul Fine, University of California, Marisol Toledo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Chris Baraloto, INRA / Florida International University, Carlos Cerón, Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Julien Engel, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, Terry W. Henkel, Humboldt State University, Eliana M. Jimenez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Paul Maas, Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Pascal Petronelli, INRA, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, INPA, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Juliana Stropp, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission / Federal University of Alagoas, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Tim R. Baker, University of Leeds, Doug Daly, New York Botanical Garden, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Naara Ferreira da Silva, INPA, Alfredo Fuentes, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Peter Møller Jørgensen, Missouri Botanical Garden, Jochen Schöngart, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, INPA, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Juan Fernando Phillips, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Tinde R. van Andel, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Patricio von Hildebrand, Fundación Estación de Biología, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, INPA, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, INPA, Deborah de Castro, INPA, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Therany Gonzales, ACEER Foundation, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, Bruce Hoffman, Amazon Conservation Team, Yadvinder Malhi, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, INPA, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Natalino Silva, UFRA, César I. A. Vela, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Vincent A. Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni / Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, Eglée L. Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Stanford Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Angela Cano, Universidad de los Andes, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Alexandre A. Oliveira, USP, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, José Ferreira Ramos, INPA, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Milton Tirado, GeoIS, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, University of Maryland, Geertje van der Heijden, University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Corine Vriesendorp, The Field Museum, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Claudia Baider, USP / Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University, Natalia de Castro, INPA, William Farfan-Rios, Wake Forest University, Cid Ferreira, INPA, Casimiro Mendoza, FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia / UniversidadMayor de San Simon, Italo Mesones, University of California, Armando Torres-Lezama, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Daniel Villarroel, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Roderick Zagt, Tropenbos International, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Wake Forest University, Lionel Hernandez, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Susamar Pansini, UFRO, Daniela Pauletto, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, UFRO, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana / University of Missouri, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri., HANS TER STEEGE, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, NIGEL C. A. PITMAN, The Field Museum / Duke University, TIMOTHY J. KILLEEN, Agteca-Amazonica, WILLIAM F. LAURANCE, James Cook University, CARLOS A. PERES, University of East Anglia, JUAN ERNESTO GUEVARA, University of California / Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, RAFAEL P. SALOMÃO, MPEG, IÊDA LEÃO AMARAL, INPA, FRANCISCA DIONÍZIA DE ALMEIDA MATOS, INPA, LUIZ DE SOUZA COELHO, INPA, WILLIAM E. MAGNUSSON, INPA, OLIVER L. PHILLIPS, University of Leeds, DIOGENES DE ANDRADE LIMA FILHO, INPA, MARCELO DE JESUS VEIGA CARIM, IEPA, MARIANA VICTÓRIA IRUME, INPA, MARIA PIRES MARTINS, INPA, JEAN-FRANÇOIS MOLINO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), DANIEL SABATIER, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), FLORIAN WITTMANN, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, DAIRON CÁRDENAS LÓPEZ, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, JOSÉ RENAN DA SILVA GUIMARÃES, IEPA, ABEL MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, PERCY NÚÑEZ VARGAS, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, ANGELO GILBERTO MANZATTO, UFRO, NEIDIANE FARIAS COSTA REIS, UFRO, JOHN TERBORGH, Duke University, KATIA REGINA CASULA, UFRO, JUAN CARLOS MONTERO, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, TED R. FELDPAUSCH, University of Leeds / University of Exeter, EURIDICE N. HONORIO CORONADO, University of Leeds / Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, ALVARO JAVIER DUQUE MONTOYA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, CHARLES EUGENE ZARTMAN, INPA, BONIFACIO MOSTACEDO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, RODOLFO VASQUEZ, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, RAFAEL L. ASSIS, INPA, ANA ANDRADE, INPA, JOSÉ LUÍS CAMARGO, INPA, SUSAN G. W. LAURANCE, James Cook University, HENRIQUE EDUARDO MENDONÇA NASCIMENTO, INPA, BEATRIZ S. MARIMON, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, BEN-HUR MARIMON JR., Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, FLÁVIA COSTA, INPA, NATALIA TARGHETTA, INPA, IMA CÉLIA GUIMARÃES VIEIRA, MPEG, ROEL BRIENEN, University of Leeds, HERNÁN CASTELLANOS, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, JOOST F. DUIVENVOORDEN, University of Amsterdam, HUGO F. MOGOLLÓN, Endangered Species Coalition, MARIA TERESA FERNANDEZ PIEDADE, INPA, GERARDO A. AYMARD C., Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, JAMES A. COMISKEY, National Park Service, GABRIEL DAMASCO, University of California, NÁLLARETT DÁVILA, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, ROOSEVELT GARCÍA-VILLACORTA, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, PABLO ROBERTO STEVENSON DIAZ, Universidad de los Andes, ALBERTO VINCENTINI, INPA, THAISE EMILIO, INPA / Royal Botanic Gardens, CAROLINA LEVIS, INPA / University of Wageningen, JULIANA SCHIETTI, INPA, PRISCILA SOUZA, INPA, ALFONSO ALONSO, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, FRANCISCO DALLMEIER, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, LEANDRO VALLE FERREIRA, MPEG, DAVID NEILL, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, ALEJANDRO ARAUJO-MURAKAMI, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, LUZMILA ARROYO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, FERNANDA ANTUNES CARVALHO, INPA, FERNANDA COELHO SOUZA, INPA, DÁRIO DANTAS DO AMARAL, MPEG, ROGERIO GRIBEL, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, BRUNO GARCIA LUIZE, INPA, MARCELO PETRATI PANSONATO, INPA, EDUARDO VENTICINQUE, UFRN, PAUL FINE, University of California, MARISOL TOLEDO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, CHRIS BARALOTO, INRA / Florida International University, CARLOS CERÓN, Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, JULIEN ENGEL, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, TERRY W. HENKEL, Humboldt State University, ELIANA M. JIMENEZ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, PAUL MAAS, Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, MARIA CRISTINA PEÑUELA MORA, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, PASCAL PETRONELLI, INRA, JUAN DAVID CARDENAS REVILLA, INPA, MARCOS SILVEIRA, UFAC, JULIANA STROPP, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission / Federal University of Alagoas, RAQUEL THOMAS-CAESAR, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, TIM R. BAKER, University of Leeds, DOUG DALY, New York Botanical Garden, MARCOS RÍOS PAREDES, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, NAARA FERREIRA DA SILVA, INPA, ALFREDO FUENTES, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, PETER MØLLER JØRGENSEN, Missouri Botanical Garden, JOCHEN SCHÖNGART, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, MILES R. SILMAN, Wake Forest University, NICOLÁS CASTAÑO ARBOLEDA, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, BRUNO BARÇANTE LADVOCAT CINTRA, INPA, FERNANDO CORNEJO VALVERDE, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, ANTHONY DI FIORE, University of Texas at Austin, JUAN FERNANDO PHILLIPS, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, TINDE R. VAN ANDEL, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PATRICIO VON HILDEBRAND, Fundación Estación de Biología, EDELCILIO MARQUES BARBOSA, INPA, LUIZ CARLOS DE MATOS BONATES, INPA, DEBORAH DE CASTRO, INPA, EMANUELLE DE SOUSA FARIAS, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, THERANY GONZALES, ACEER Foundation, JEAN-LOUIS GUILLAUMET, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, BRUCE HOFFMAN, Amazon Conservation Team, YADVINDER MALHI, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, IRES PAULA DE ANDRADE MIRANDA, INPA, ADRIANA PRIETO, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AGUSTÍN RUDAS, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, NATALINO SILVA, UFRA, CÉSAR I. A. VELA, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, VINCENT A. VOS, Universidad Autónoma del Beni / Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, EGLÉE L. ZENT, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, STANFORD ZENT, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, ANGELA CANO, Universidad de los Andes, MARCELO TRINDADE NASCIMENTO, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, ALEXANDRE A. OLIVEIRA, USP, HIRMA RAMIREZ-ANGULO, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, JOSÉ FERREIRA RAMOS, INPA, RODRIGO SIERRA, GeoIS, MILTON TIRADO, GeoIS, MARIA NATALIA UMAÑA MEDINA, University of Maryland, GEERTJE VAN DER HEIJDEN, University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee, EMILIO VILANOVA TORRE, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, CORINE VRIESENDORP, The Field Museum, OPHELIA WANG, Northern Arizona University, KENNETH R. YOUNG, University of Texas at Austin, CLAUDIA BAIDER, USP / Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, HENRIK BALSLEV, Aarhus University, NATALIA DE CASTRO, INPA, WILLIAM FARFAN-RIOS, Wake Forest University, CID FERREIRA, INPA, CASIMIRO MENDOZA, FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia / UniversidadMayor de San Simon, ITALO MESONES, University of California, ARMANDO TORRES-LEZAMA, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, LIGIA ESTELA URREGO GIRALDO, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, DANIEL VILLARROEL, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, RODERICK ZAGT, Tropenbos International, MIGUEL N. ALEXIADES, University of Kent, KARINA GARCIA-CABRERA, Wake Forest University, LIONEL HERNANDEZ, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, ISAU HUAMANTUPA-CHUQUIMACO, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, WILLIAM MILLIKEN, Royal Botanic Gardens, WALTER PALACIOS CUENCA, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, SUSAMAR PANSINI, UFRO, DANIELA PAULETTO, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, FREDDY RAMIREZ AREVALO, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana, ADEILZA FELIPE SAMPAIO, UFRO, ELVIS H. VALDERRAMA SANDOVAL, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana / University of Missouri, and LUIS VALENZUELA GAMARRA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri.
Subjects: Conservation Status, Land Use Policy, Geography & travel, Amazonian, Threatened Species, Conservation-dependent species, Protected Areas, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Conservation Planning, Land Use, IUCN Red List, Deforestation, Research Articles, ddc:910, Multidisciplinary, Near-threatened species, Extinction Risks, Ecology, Conservação, Amazonia, Conservation, Protected areas, Indigenous areas, Tree species, SciAdv r-articles, Gap analysis (conservation), Forestry, Tropical Tree Species, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Geography, Research Article, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Indigenous People, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Espécie, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, Conservation status, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Protection, Desmatamento
Abstract: Analyses of forest loss and protected areas suggest that 36 to 57% of Amazonian tree flora may qualify as “globally threatened.”, Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.
Published: 2015

35. Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling

Author: Elodie Allie, José Luís Camargo, Kalle Ruokolainen, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Luzmila Arroyo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hans ter Steege, Nikée Groot, Juliana Schietti, Adriana Prieto, Carolina Levis, Miguel Alexiades, Roderick Zagt, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Abel Monteagudo M, René G. A. Boot, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Juan Carlos Licona, Julien Engel, Raquel Thomas, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Jorcely Barroso, Rafael Herrera, Joey Talbot, Michelle O. Johnson, Ben-Hur Marimon Junior, Carlos Cerón, Timothy J. Killeen, Flávia R. C. Costa, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Priscila Souza, Peter van der Hout, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, William F. Laurance, Yadvinder Malhi, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Damien Bonal, Pascal Petronelli, Sophie Fauset, John Pipoly, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Aurélie Dourdain, Bruno Hérault, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Georgia Pickavance, Victor Chama Moscoso, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Zorayda Restrepo, Timothy R. Baker, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Alfredo Alarcón, Paulo S. Morandi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Marc K. Steininger, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Carlos A. Quesada, Christopher Baraloto, Robyn J. Burnham, Simon L. Lewis, Manuel Gloor, Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão, Ted R. Feldpausch, Agustín Rudas, Ophelia Wang, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Terry L. Erwin, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Anthony Di Fiore, Lourens Poorter, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Juliana Stropp, Basil Stergios, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Julie Peacock, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, University of Leeds, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), University of Exeter, University of Oxford [Oxford], Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Utrecht University [Utrecht], The Field Museum, Duke University [Durham], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), James Cook University (JCU), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Turku, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Herbario Universitario PORT, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), National Park Service, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wide Fund (WWF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Smithsonian Institution, Tropenbos International (TBI), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Broward Co Extension Education, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Conservation International, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, University College of London [London] (UCL), 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, 283093, ROBIN Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN, European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), PPBio network, CNPq/PELD network, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025), ANR (TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041), CNPq, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, European Project: 283080, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Florida International University (FIU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Oxford, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), and Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Subjects: arbre forestier, Production du bois, Amazonian, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Carbon Cycling, Amazonegebied, Climax species, espèce dominante, Biomasse, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, tropical forests, stockage du carbone, Multidisciplinary, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, trees, PE&RC, Wood, Physiologie végétale, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Tree, rain-forest, Écologie, productivity, F40 - Écologie végétale, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, forêt amazonienne, experimental drought, Rainforest, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, allometry, Dominance (ecology), Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Croissance, Densité du peuplement, Vegetatie, Dominance, Vegetation, Forest Ecosystem, biomass, Composition botanique, Analyse de données, species composition, Carbon Storage, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Koolstof, mortality, Longévité, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, economics spectrum, Carbon, abondance spécifique, CICLO DO CARBONO, ta1181, Species richness, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Cycle du carbone, Espacement
Abstract: While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few ‘hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region., The Amazon rainforest is dominated by relatively few tree species, yet the degree to which this hyperdominance influences carbon cycling remains unknown. Here, the authors analyse 530 forest plots and show that ∼1% of species are responsible for 50% of the aboveground carbon storage and productivity.
Published: 2015

36. Impacts of lianas on forest-level carbon storage and sequestration

Author: Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Stefan A. Schnitzer, and Oliver L. Phillips
Subjects: Carbon storage, Liana, Agroforestry, Environmental science, Carbon sequestration
Published: 2014

37. Methods to estimate aboveground wood productivity from long-term forest inventory plots

Author: David A. Neill, Juliana Stropp, Joey Talbot, Timothy R. Baker, Simon L. Lewis, Percy Núñez Vargas, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Germaine Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Abel Monteagudo, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Roel J. W. Brienen, Luzmila Arroyo, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Marcos Silveira, Ted R. Feldpausch, Oliver L. Phillips, Carlos A. Quesada, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Terry L. Erwin, Mark C. Vanderwel, Yadvinder Malhi, Helen C. Keeling, Kuo-Jung Chao, and Timothy J. Killeen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), Forest inventory, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Wood production, Ecology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Census, Carbon sequestration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Productivity (ecology), Environmental science, Ecosystem, Physical geography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Tree measurement
Abstract: Forest inventory plots are widely used to estimate biomass carbon storage and its change over time. While there has been much debate and exploration of the analytical methods for calculating biomass, the methods used to determine rates of wood production have not been evaluated to the same degree. This affects assessment of ecosystem fluxes and may have wider implications if inventory data are used to parameterise biospheric models, or scaled to large areas in assessments of carbon sequestration. Here we use a dataset of 35 long-term Amazonian forest inventory plots to test different methods of calculating wood production rates. These address potential biases associated with three issues that routinely impact the interpretation of tree measurement data: (1) changes in the point of measurement (POM) of stem diameter as trees grow over time; (2) unequal length of time between censuses; and (3) the treatment of trees that pass the minimum diameter threshold (‘‘recruits’’). We derive corrections that control for changing POM height, that account for the unobserved growth of trees that die within census intervals, and that explore different assumptions regarding the growth of recruits during the previous census interval. For our dataset we find that annual aboveground coarse wood production (AGWP; in Mg ha � 1
Published: 2014
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38. Hyperdominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora

Author: César I.A. Vela, Nállarett Dávila, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bruce Hoffman, Dairon Cárdenas López, A C Gerardo Aymard, Alfonso Alonso, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Milton Tirado, Miguel Alexiades, Adriana Prieto, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Egleé L. Zent, Natalino Silva, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Paul V. A. Fine, Stanford Zent, Jérôme Chave, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Carolina V. Castilho, William Milliken, Gonzalo Rivas, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Timothy R. Baker, Corine Vriesendorp, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Percy Núñez Vargas, Rodrigo Sierra, Hernán Castellanos, Rafael L. Assis, Daniel Sabatier, John Terborgh, Miles R. Silman, Juliana Schietti, Ophelia Wang, William E. Magnusson, Angela Cano Schutz, Cid Ferreira, Kenneth J. Feeley, Lionel Hernández, Ademir R. Ruschell, Juliana Stropp, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Oliver L. Phillips, Ben Hur Marimon, Thaise Emilio, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Francisco Dallmeier, Hugo Mogollón, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Christopher Baraloto, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, Henrik Balslev, Peter M. Jørgensen, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Kyle G. Dexter, Julien Engel, Pascal Petronelli, Kenneth R. Young, Priscila Souza, Hans ter Steege, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Timothy J. Killeen, Therany Gonzales, Agustín Rudas, Flávia R. C. Costa, Patricio von Hildebrand, Yadvinder Malhi, Carlos Cerón, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Terry W. Henkel, Ana Andrade, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Italo Mesones, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Abel Monteagudo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Daniela Pauletto, Charles E. Zartman, Jean-François Molino, William F. Laurance, Tinde van Andel, Luzmila Arroyo, Roderick Zagt, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marisol Toledo, Ted R. Feldpausch, Cláudia Baider, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Paul J. M. Maas, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Anthony Di Fiore, Carlos A. Peres, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Doug Daly, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Florian Wittmann, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Vincent A. Vos, Rogério Gribel, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Duke University [Durham], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford] (SoGE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Bolivia Sustainable Forest Management Project, Partenaires INRAE, University of Exeter, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund for Nature, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, James Cook University (JCU), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Instituto Amazonico de Investigaciones Cientificas, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Endangered Species Coalition, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Universidad de Los Andes, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Humboldt State University (HSU), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, University of Texas at Austin, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Fundacion Puerto Rastrojo, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research Foundation, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), Staff publications, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, and VU University Amsterdam
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, go extinct, tropical forest, rain-forest, diversification, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, distributions, Biodiversity, Rainforest, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, species abundance, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, tree species, Rivers, Amazonia, Dominance (ecology), rarity, patterns, hyperdominance, education, Amazon Basin, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Agroforestry, Amazon rainforest, plants, Plant community, trees, commonness, South America, 15. Life on land, ECOLOGIA, Guiana Shield, Geography, Habitat, Species richness, richness
Abstract: Introduction Recent decades have seen a major international effort to inventory tree communities in the Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), but the vast extent and record diversity of these forests have hampered an understanding of basinwide patterns. To overcome this obstacle, we compiled and standardized species-level data on more than half a million trees in 1170 plots sampling all major lowland forest types to explore patterns of commonness, rarity, and richness. Methods The ~6-million-km 2 Amazonian lowlands were divided into 1° cells, and mean tree density was estimated for each cell by using a loess regression model that included no environmental data but had its basis exclusively in the geographic location of tree plots. A similar model, allied with a bootstrapping exercise to quantify sampling error, was used to generate estimated Amazon-wide abundances of the 4962 valid species in the data set. We estimated the total number of tree species in the Amazon by fitting the mean rank-abundance data to Fisher’s log-series distribution. Results Our analyses suggest that lowland Amazonia harbors 3.9 × 10 11 trees and ~16,000 tree species. We found 227 “hyperdominant” species (1.4% of the total) to be so common that together they account for half of all trees in Amazonia, whereas the rarest 11,000 species account for just 0.12% of trees. Most hyperdominants are habitat specialists that have large geographic ranges but are only dominant in one or two regions of the basin, and a median of 41% of trees in individual plots belong to hyperdominants. A disproportionate number of hyperdominants are palms, Myristicaceae, and Lecythidaceae. Discussion The finding that Amazonia is dominated by just 227 tree species implies that most biogeochemical cycling in the world’s largest tropical forest is performed by a tiny sliver of its diversity. The causes underlying hyperdominance in these species remain unknown. Both competitive superiority and widespread pre-1492 cultivation by humans are compelling hypotheses that deserve testing. Although the data suggest that spatial models can effectively forecast tree community composition and structure of unstudied sites in Amazonia, incorporating environmental data may yield substantial improvements. An appreciation of how thoroughly common species dominate the basin has the potential to simplify research in Amazonian biogeochemistry, ecology, and vegetation mapping. Such advances are urgently needed in light of the >10,000 rare, poorly known, and potentially threatened tree species in the Amazon.
Published: 2013

39. Liana Impacts on Carbon Cycling, Storage and Sequestration in Tropical Forests

Author: Stefan A. Schnitzer, Oliver L. Phillips, Jennifer S. Powers, and Geertje M. F. van der Heijden
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Liana, 13. Climate action, Ecology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany, Carbon cycle
Abstract: Mature tropical forests sequester large quantities of atmospheric CO2, which they store as plant biomass. These forests are changing however, including an increase in liana abundance and biomass over recent decades in Neotropical forests. We ask here how this increase in lianas might impact the tropical forest carbon cycle and their capacity for carbon storage and sequestration. Lianas reduce tree growth, survival, and leaf productivity; however, lianas also invest significantly in leaf production, and the increase in lianas could conceivably offset liana-induced reductions in tree canopy productivity with no adverse effects to the forest-level canopy productivity. By contrast, lianas decrease the total ecosystem uptake of carbon by reducing tree biomass productivity. Lianas themselves invest little in woody biomass, and store and sequester only a small proportion of the biomass in tropical forests. As lianas increase they may effectively displace trees, but the greater liana carbon stocks are unlikely to compensate for liana-induced losses in net carbon sequestration and storage by trees. A potentially important additional consideration is the impact of lianas on the tree community. By competing more intensely with shade-tolerant, more densely wooded trees than with fast-growing, light-wooded trees, lianas may shift tree composition toward faster-growing species, which store relatively little carbon, and thereby further reduce the carbon storage capacity of tropical forests. Overall, current evidence indicates that the increase in lianas will negatively impact the carbon balance of tropical forests, with potentially far-reaching consequences for global atmospheric CO2 levels and associated climate change. Resumen Los bosques tropicales maduros secuestran grandes cantidades de CO2 atmosferico, el cual se almacena en forma de biomasa vegetal. Estos bosques estan cambiando; el numero de lianas y su biomasa, incluyendo el aumentado en abundancia y biomasa de las lianas en las ultimas decadas en los bosques neotropicales. Nos preguntamos entonces como el aumento de las lianas podria afectar el ciclo del carbono de los bosques tropicales y su capacidad para secuestrar y almacenar carbono. Las lianas reducen el crecimiento de los arboles, disminuyen su supervivencia y productividad foliar; sin embargo, las lianas tambien invierten de manera significativa en la produccion de hojas, por lo que el aumento de las lianas podria posiblemente compensar la reduccion inducida por estas en la productividad del dosel arboreo sin efectos adversos en la productividad a nivel del dosel forestal. Por el contrario, las lianas disminuyen la absorcion total de carbono de los ecosistemas mediante la reduccion en la produccion de biomasa de los arboles. Las lianas invierten poco en biomasa lenosa y almacenan y secuestran solo una pequena proporcion de biomasa en los bosques tropicales. A medida que las lianas aumentan en los bosques tropicales, estas podrian desplazar a los arboles y es poco probable que poblaciones mas abundantes de lianas compensen las perdidas inducidas por si mismas en el secuestro neto de carbono y almacenamiento de los arboles. Una consideracion adicional potencialmente importante es el impacto de las lianas en la comunidad de arboles. Al competir mas intensamente con arboles que toleran la sombra, y con madera mas densa, respecto a arboles de crecimiento rapido y con madera menos densa, las lianas pueden modificar la composicion de las especies de arboles favoreciendo a especies de crecimiento mas rapido, que almacenan relativamente menos carbono, y por lo tanto, se reduce aun mas la capacidad de almacenamiento de carbono de los bosques tropicales. En general, las ultimas evidencias indican que el aumento de las lianas tendra un impacto negativo en el balance de carbono de los bosques tropicales con consecuencias de gran alcance para los niveles globales de CO2 en la atmosfera y el cambio climatico asociado.
Published: 2013
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40. Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests

Author: Lindsay F. Banin, Georgia Pickavance, Gloria Djagbletey, Hans Beeckman, Timothy R. Baker, David Harris, Lise Zemagho, Benjamin Toirambe, James Taplin, Jon Lloyd, Hannsjorg Woell, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Murielle Simo, Jason Vleminckx, Douglas Sheil, Jean-François Bastin, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Sophie Fauset, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Connie J. Clark, Yadvinder Malhi, Koen Hufkens, Hans Verbeeck, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Serge K. Begne, Cornielle E N Ewango, Philippe Jeanmart, Jean-Remy Makana, Dries Huygens, Elizabeth Kearsley, Terese B. Hart, Simon Willcock, Jan Reitsma, Ted R. Feldpausch, Pascal Boeckx, Murray Collins, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, Andrew R. Marshall, Jon C. Lovett, David Taylor, Jean-Louis Doucet, Kathryn J. Jeffery, John R. Poulsen, Jean François Gillet, Terry Sunderland, Joey Talbot, Ernest G. Foli, Lucas Ojo, Sean C. Thomas, Oliver L. Phillips, Hermann Taedoumg, Eric Chezeaux, Annette Hladik, Kathy Steppe, Charles De Cannière, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lee J. T. White, Vincent Droissart, Simon L. Lewis, and Thalès de Haulleville
Subjects: Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amazonian, Climate, AMAZONIAN FORESTS, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Basal area, Soil, SD Forestry, Tropical climate, Biomass, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, RAIN-FOREST, Articles, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, GROWTH, SENSITIVITY, CARBON STOCKS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, Wood density, Research Article, GE Environmental Sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Climate Change, Tree allometry, Rainforest, Biology, SPATIAL-PATTERNS, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecology and Environment, Carbon Cycle, Congo basin, West Africa, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Precipitation, TREE ALLOMETRY, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Tropical Climate, Science & Technology, Biology and Life Sciences, Forestry, 06 Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, East Africa, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, SOILS, Africa, Soil fertility
Abstract: We report above-ground biomass (AGB), basal area, stemdensity and wood mass density estimates from 260 sample plots (mean size: 1.2 ha) in intact closed-canopy tropical forests across 12 African countries. Mean AGB is 395.7 Mg dry mass ha-1 (95% CI: 14.3), substantially higher than Amazonian values, with the Congo Basin and contiguous forest region attaining AGB values (429 Mg ha-1) similar to those of Bornean forests, and significantly greater than East or West African forests. AGB therefore appears generally higher in palaeo- comparedwithneotropical forests.However, mean stem density is low(426±11 stems ha-1 greater than or equal to 100 mm diameter) compared with both Amazonian and Bornean forests (cf. approx. 600) and is the signature structural feature of African tropical forests. While spatial autocorrelation complicates analyses, AGB shows a positive relationship with rainfall in the driest nine months of the year, and an opposite association with the wettest three months of the year; a negative relationship with temperature; positive relationship with clay-rich soils; and negative relationshipswith C:Nratio (suggesting a positive soil phosphorus- AGB relationship), and soil fertility computed as the sum of base cations. The results indicate that AGB is mediated by both climate and soils, and suggest that the AGB of African closed-canopy tropical forests may be particularly sensitive to future precipitation and temperature changes. © 2013 The Authors., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2013

41. The 2010 Amazon drought

Author: Paulo M. Brando, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Daniel C. Nepstad, Oliver L. Phillips, and Simon L. Lewis
Subjects: Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Meteorology, Amazon rainforest, South America, Atmospheric sciences, Confidence interval, Standard deviation, Carbon, Droughts, Trees, Deforestation, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Biomass, Seasons, Brazil
Abstract: In 2010, dry-season rainfall was low across Amazonia, with apparent similarities to the major 2005 drought. We analyzed a decade of satellite-derived rainfall data to compare both events. Standardized anomalies of dry-season rainfall showed that 57% of Amazonia had low rainfall in 2010 as compared with 37% in 2005 (≤-1 standard deviation from long-term mean). By using relationships between drying and forest biomass responses measured for 2005, we predict the impact of the 2010 drought as 2.2 × 10(15) grams of carbon [95% confidence intervals (CIs) are 1.2 and 3.4], largely longer-term committed emissions from drought-induced tree deaths, compared with 1.6 × 10(15) grams of carbon (CIs 0.8 and 2.6) for the 2005 event.
Published: 2011

42. Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests

Author: Abel Monteagudo, Ted R. Feldpausch, Helen C. Keeling, Sandy J. Andelman, Luzmila Arroyo, Niro Higuchi, Jon Lloyd, Yadvinder Malhi, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Lilian Blanc, J. W. Ferry Slik, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Michael P. Schwarz, Timothy R. Baker, Casimiro Mendoza, Bonaventure Sonké, Carlos A. Quesada, Marcos Silveira, Hirma Ramírez, Rafael Salamão, Euridice Honorio, Joshua B. Fisher, Samuel Almeida, Emilio Vilanova, Fredy Ramírez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Emanuel Gloor, Agustín Rudas, James Taplin, Simon L. Lewis, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lola da Costa, Patrick Meir, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Juliana Stropp, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, David W. Galbraith, Sandra Patiño, Antonio Peña Cruz, Anne Sota Thomas, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Kuo-Jung Chao, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Damien Bonal, Oliver L. Phillips, Alexandra C. Morel, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Javier Silva, Gerardo Aymard, Jon C. Lovett, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Adriana Prieto, Ana Andrade, University of Leeds, School of Geography, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad nacional de la amazonia peruana, Universidade Federal do Para, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], University of Edinburgh, INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE LA AMAZONIA PERUANA, Instituto de Manejo Forestal, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Universität Bayreuth, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network, Partenaires INRAE, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidade Federal de Pará, University of York, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. Diagonal 27 No. 15-09, Universidad de Los Andes, University of Bayreuth, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Université de Yaoundé I, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Data Interpretation, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rain, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, LAGS MORTALITY, Tropic Climate, Trees, AMAZON, Borneo, Tropical climate, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Silvicultura, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, DROUGHT, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biomass (ecology), Plant Stems, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Moisture stress, food and beverages, Adaptation, Physiological, Wood, Droughts, Geography, Drought Stress, Tree, Brazil, Woody plant, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate Change, Vulnerability, RAINFOR, BORNEO, Arbre, 010603 evolutionary biology, Risk Assessment, Models, Biological, Plant Stem, Time, Biological Model, Amazonia, Stress, Physiological, Forest ecology, parasitic diseases, TROPICS, Moisture Content, Tropical Forest, Ecosystem, Mortality, Adaptation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Drought, Brasil, fungi, Tropics, Water, 15. Life on land, Medio Ambiente, Résistance à la sécheresse, Growth, Development And Aging, METIS-272981, H50 - Troubles divers des plantes
Abstract: The rich ecology of tropical forests is intimately tied to their moisture status. Multi-site syntheses can provide a macro-scale view of these linkages and their susceptibility to changing climates. Here, we report pan-tropical and regional-scale analyses of tree vulnerability to drought. We assembled available data on tropical forest tree stem mortality before, during, and after recent drought events, from 119 monitoring plots in 10 countries concentrated in Amazonia and Borneo. In most sites, larger trees are disproportionately at risk. At least within Amazonia, low wood density trees are also at greater risk of drought-associated mortality, independent of size. For comparable drought intensities, trees in Borneo are more vulnerable than trees in the Amazon. There is some evidence for lagged impacts of drought, with mortality rates remaining elevated 2 yr after the meteorological event is over. These findings indicate that repeated droughts would shift the functional composition of tropical forests toward smaller, denser-wooded trees. At very high drought intensities, the linear relationship between tree mortality and moisture stress apparently breaks down, suggesting the existence of moisture stress thresholds beyond which some tropical forests would suffer catastrophic tree mortality. © The Authors (2010). Journal compilation © New Phytologist Trust (2010).
Published: 2010

43. Low stocks of coarse woody debris in a southwest Amazonian forest

Author: Timothy R. Baker, Javier Silva Espejo, Michael Garcia, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jim Martin, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, and Oliver L. Phillips
Subjects: Geography, Ecology, Amazonian, Forestry, Amazonian forest, Biology, Tropical forest, Carbon, Carbon cycle, Trees, Disasters, Turnover time, Peru, Coarse woody debris, Biomass, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Stock (geology), Net flux
Abstract: The stocks and dynamics of coarse woody debris (CWD) are significant components of the carbon cycle within tropical forests. However, to date, there have been no reports of CWD stocks and fluxes from the approximately 1.3 million km(2) of lowland western Amazonian forests. Here, we present estimates of CWD stocks and annual CWD inputs from forests in southern Peru. Total stocks were low compared to other tropical forest sites, whether estimated by line-intercept sampling (24.4 +/- 5.3 Mg ha(-1)) or by complete inventories within 11 permanent plots (17.7 +/- 2.4 Mg ha(-1)). However, annual inputs, estimated from long-term data on tree mortality rates in the same plots, were similar to other studies (3.8 +/- 0.2 or 2.9 +/- 0.2 Mg ha(-1) year(-1), depending on the equation used to estimate biomass). Assuming the CWD pool is at steady state, the turnover time of coarse woody debris is low (4.7 +/- 2.6 or 6.1 +/- 2.6 years). These results indicate that these sites have not experienced a recent, large-scale disturbance event and emphasise the distinctive, rapid nature of carbon cycling in these western Amazonian forests.
Published: 2006

44. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author: Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Casimiro Mendoza, Paul R. Moorcroft, Patrick Meir, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Leandro Valle Ferreira, José Luís Camargo, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Niro Higuchi, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez, Bart Kruijt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, Eric Arets, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marielos Peña-Claros, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Gloor, Matthieu Guimberteau, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Damien Bonal, Agustín Rudas, Euridice Honorio, Anja Rammig, Juan Carlos Licona, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Gerardo Aymard, Oliver L. Phillips, Emilio Vilanova, Bia Marimon, Carlos A. Quesada, Lourens Poorter, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, John Terborgh, Anthony Di Fiore, Hannes De Deurwaerder, Jérôme Chave, Jocely Barroso, Guido Pardo, Vincent A. Vos, Marisol Toledo, Christopher Baraloto, Juliana Stropp, Álvaro Cogollo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Darley C.L. Matos, Michelle O. Johnson, Yadvinder Malhi, Ke Zhang, Kirsten Thonicke, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Abel Monteagudo, Luzmila Arroyo, Adriana Prieto, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Timothy R. Baker, Hans Verbeeck, Gilvan Sampaio, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, William F. Laurance, René G. A. Boot, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Sophie Fauset, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Celso von Randow, Rodolfo Vasquez, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Missouri Botanical Garden, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS), Fundación Con-Vida, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Department of Biological Sciences [Miami], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], Centro de Geociencias, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Dpt of Anthropology [Austin], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University (JCU), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University [Fairfax], Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University [Durham], Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Museu Universitário, Institute of Biological Sciences, Medical and Health, Universidade Paranaense, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], School of Geography [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grant 'AMAZONICA' NE/F005806/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'TROBIT' NE/D005590/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' NE/I028122/1, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecologicas de Longa Duracao PELD-403725/2012-7, Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics', EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' 283093, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs KB-14-003-030, US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project, ERC Advanced Grant, Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award, ARC FT110100457, NERC NE/J011002/1, Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship, European Project: 283080,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,GEOCARBON(2011), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), University of Oxford, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Florida International University (FIU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and Universidad de los Andes [Bogota]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES, TREE MORTALITY, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Tropic Climate, Aboveground Biomass, Trees, Ecosystem model, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Primary Research Article, Biomass, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Vegetation, Net Primary Production, Dynamic global vegetation model, PE&RC, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Tree, tropical forest, productivity, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, dynamic global vegetation model, Stem, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon Cycle, forest plots, TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS, Amazonia, allometry, Environmental Chemistry, Tropical Forest, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Mortality, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Allometry, Tropical Climate, WIMEK, Forest Ecosystem, EARTH SYSTEM, carbon, Theoretical Model, Primary production, 15. Life on land, South America, Models, Theoretical, Primary Research Articles, CARBON BALANCE, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, WOOD PRODUCTIVITY, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Growth, Development And Aging, Earth and Environmental Sciences, WATER-BALANCE, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, cavelab, Spatial variability, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ECOSYSTEM MODEL
Abstract: Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. © 2016 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

45. Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora

Author: Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Corine Vriesendorp, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Ana Andrade, Agustín Rudas, Susamar Pansini, Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez, Toby Pennington, Juliana Schietti, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Ted R. Feldpausch, Daniel Villarroel, Bonifacio Mostacedo, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Timothy R. Baker, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, María Natalia Umaña, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Lorena M. Rincón, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Carlos Cerón, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Jean-François Molino, Paul V. A. Fine, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Roderick Zagt, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Anthony Di Fiore, Cid Ferreira, Aline Lopes, José Julio de Toledo, Therany Gonzales, Milton Tirado, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Luzmila Arroyo, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Aparecida Lopes, Patricio von Hildebrand, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Vincent A. Vos, Carolina V. Castilho, Émile Fonty, Lionel Hernández, Olaf Bánki, Rainiellene de Sá Carpanedo, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Daniel Sabatier, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Daniela Pauletto, Karina Melgaço, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Juan Carlos Licona, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Sasha Cárdenas, Bente B. Klitgaard, William F. Laurance, Boris Villa, William E. Magnusson, Jose L. Pena, Marcelo F. Simon, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Francisco Dallmeier, William Farfan-Rios, Hugo Mogollón, Adriana Prieto, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Maria Pires Martins, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Edwin Pos, Rogério Gribel, Georgia Pickavance, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Diego Correa, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Paul J. M. Maas, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, André Braga Junqueira, Ángela Cano, Pablo R. Stevenson, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Jon Lloyd, Cláudia Baider, Emilio Vilanova Torre, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, Hernán Castellanos, Jérôme Chave, Nállarett Dávila, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, Roel J. W. Brienen, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Miguel Alexiades, Juan Carlos Montero, Rodrigo Sierra, José Luís Camargo, Maíra da Rocha, Alberto Vicentini, Katia Regina Casula, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Lozada, Fernanda Carvalho, Percy Núñez Vargas, Tinde van Andel, John Terborgh, Charles E. Zartman, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Joice Ferreira, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Egleé L. Zent, Julien Engel, Kenneth J. Feeley, Casimiro Mendoza, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Raquel Thomas, William Milliken, Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, Susan G. Laurance, Hans ter Steege, Juliana Stropp, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Marcos Silveira, Bernardo M. Flores, Florian Wittmann, Paulo Inácio Prado, Rafael L. Assis, Kyle G. Dexter, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Freddie Draper, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Italo Mesones, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Henrik Balslev, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Alvaro Duque, Christopher Baraloto, Yadvinder Malhi, Michelle Kalamandeen, Vitor Hugo Freitas Gomes, Miles R. Silman, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, E. M. Jimenez, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Rodolfo Vasquez, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Bruce Hoffman, Renato A. F. de Lima, Doug Daly, Dairon Cárdenas López, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Helder Lima de Queiroz, Gabriel Damasco, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Erika Berenguer, Milena Holmgren, Carlos A. Peres, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Renato R. Hilário, Janaina da Costa de Noronha, Jos Barlow, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, Natalino Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, César I.A. Vela, Alfonso Alonso, J. Sebastián Tello, Ophelia Wang, José Ferreira Ramos, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Stanford Zent, Bruno Garcia Luize, Aurora Levesley, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Institute of Environmental Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Department of Biochemistry [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Genetic resources and biotechnology, Chercheur indépendant, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) (CNC), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC)-Neuroscience Research Domain, Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Herbario Universitario PORT, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Laboratoire Interfaces Sensorielles (LIS), Département Intelligence Ambiante et Systèmes Interactifs (DIASI), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Integrative Biology, Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of Edinburgh, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, MRC 705, Box 37012, Washington, DC, VA 20013-7012, USA, Coordenacao Biodiversidade, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Embrapa Amapa, CREPAL - Centre de recherches sur les pays lusophones - EA 3421 (CREPAL), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Department of Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Humboldt State University (HSU), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Fundacion Puerto Rastrojo, Partenaires INRAE, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (EQUATEUR), Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research Foundation, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Paulo I. Prado, USP, Renato A. F. de Lima, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / USP, Edwin Pos, Utrecht University, Luiz de Souza Coelho, INPA, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, INPA, Rafael P. Salomão, UFRA / MPEG, Iêda Leão Amaral, INPA, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, INPA, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Universidad de las Américas / The Field Museum, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, IEPA, Dairon Cárdenas López, Instituto SINCHI, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Florian Wittmann, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology / Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Maria Pires Martins, INPA, Daniel Sabatier, AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Mariana Victória Irume, INPA, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, IEPA, Jean-François Molino, AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Olaf S. Bánki, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, INPA, Nigel C. A. Pitman, The Field Museum, José Ferreira Ramos, INPA, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, UFRN, Bruno Garcia Luize, UNESP, Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, University of Stirling, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, INPE, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, UFRO, John Terborgh, University of Florida / James Cook University, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, UFRO, Katia Regina Casula, UFRO, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, IIAP / University of Leeds, Juan Carlos Montero, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Alvaro Duque, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Flávia R. C. Costa, INPA, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Instituto SINCHI, Jochen Schöngart, INPA, Charles Eugene Zartman, INPA, Timothy J. Killeen, Agteca-Amazonica, Beatriz S. Marimon, UNEMAT, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, UNEMAT, Rodolfo Vasquez, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Layon O. Demarchi, INPA, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter, Julien Engel, Florida International University, Pascal Petronelli, Cirad UMR Ecofog, AgrosParisTech,CNRS,INRA,Univ Guyane, Chris Baraloto, Florida International University, Rafael L. Assis, University of Oslo, MARCELO FRAGOMENI SIMON, Cenargen, MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS, Cenargen, Adriano Quaresma, INPA, Susan G. W. Laurance, James Cook University, Lorena M. Rincó, INPA, Ana Andrade, INPA, Thaiane R. Sousa, INPA, José Luís Camargo, INPA, Juliana Schietti, INPA, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Helder Lima de Queiroz, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, INPA, Maria Aparecida Lopes, UFPA, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, FIOCRUZ, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, UFPA / CPATU, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Gerardo A. Aymard C., UNELLEZ-Guanare, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, INPA, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, INPA, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, USP, Pablo R. Stevenson, Universidad de los Andes, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, INPA, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, University of Amsterdam, Hugo F. Mogollón, Endangered Species Coalition, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, José Rafael Lozada, Universidad de los Andes, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service / Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, José Julio de Toledo, UNIFAP, Gabriel Damasco, University of California, Nállarett Dávila, UNICAMP, Aline Lopes, UNB / INPA, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Cornell University / Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, Freddie Draper, Carnegie Institution for Science / Florida International University, Alberto Vicentini, INPA, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Jon Lloyd, Imperial College London, Vitor H. F. Gomes, CESUPA / UFPA, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Alfonso Alonso, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Francisco Dallmeier, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, University of Leeds / INPA, Rogerio Gribel, INPA, Luzmila Arroyo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, UFMG / INPA, Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, INPA, Dário Dantas do Amaral, MPEG, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, USP / INPA, Kenneth J. Feeley, University of Miami / Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Erika Berenguer, University of Oxford / Lancaster University, Paul V. A. Fine, University of California, MARCELINO CARNEIRO GUEDES, CPAF-AP, Jos Barlow, Lancaster University, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, Boris Villa, Direccíon de Evaluación Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Eliana M. Jimenez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Juan Carlos Montero, INPA, Carlos Cerón, Universidad Central, Ecuador, Raquel Thomas, Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Paul Maas, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Terry W. Henkel, Humboldt State University, Juliana Stropp, UFAL, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Kyle G. Dexter, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Doug Daly, New York Botanical Garden, Tim R. Baker, University of Leeds, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens, Toby Pennington, University of Exeter / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, J. Sebastián Tello, Missouri Botanical Garden, José Luis Marcelo Pena, Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Carlos A. Peres, University of East Anglia, Bente Klitgaard, Royal Botanic Gardens, Alfredo Fuentes, Missouri Botanical Garden / Universitario UMSA, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Patricio von Hildebrand, Fundación Estación de Biología, Jerome Chave, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, Tinde R. van Andel, Wageningen University / Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Renato Richard Hilário, UNIFAP, Juan Fernando Phillips, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Universidad San Francisco de Quito / University of Florida, Janaína Costa Noronha, UFMT, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Therany Gonzales, ACEER Foundation, Rainiellene de Sá Carpanedo, UFMT, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, IIAP, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, UFMT, Egleé L. Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Vincent Antoine Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Émile Fonty, Direction régionale de la Guyane, ONF / AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, André Braga Junqueira, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Bruce Hoffman, Amazon Conservation Team, Stanford Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, INPA, Yadvinder Malhi, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, INPA, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, INPA, Natalino Silva, UFRA, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, UFMT, César I. A. Vela, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, INPA, Maria Natalia Umaña, University of Michigan, Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez, Universidad de los Andes, Geertje van der Heijden, University of Nottingham, University Park, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Milton Tirado, GeoIS, Diego F. Correa, University of Queensland / Universidad de los Andes, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, COLABORADORA CPAF-AP, Maria Rocha, INPA, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Universidad de los Andes / University of Washington, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Alexandre A. Oliveira, USP, Michelle Kalamandeen, University of Leeds / Laurentian University, Corine Vriesendorp, The Field Museum, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Universidad de los Andes, Milena Holmgren, Wageningen University & Research, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, David Galbraith, University of Leeds, Bernardo Monteiro Flores, UNICAMP, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, UFAM, Angela Cano, Cambridge University Botanic Garden / Universidad de los Andes, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Medio Ambiente, PLUSPRETOL, Italo Mesones, University of California, Cláudia Baider, USP / The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Casimiro Mendoza, Universidad Mayor de San Simon / FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Roderick Zagt, Tropenbos International, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cid Ferreira, INPA, Daniel Villarroel, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, William Farfan-Rios, Missouri Botanical Garden / Washington University in Saint Louis, WILLIAM FARFAN-RIOS, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Universidad de los Andes, Sasha Cárdenas, Universidad de los Andes, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University, Armando Torres-Lezama, Universidad de los Andes, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Wake Forest University, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, University of Missouri / Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Lionel Hernandez, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, UFRO, Susamar Pansini, UFRO, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, UNEMAT, Daniela Pauletto, UFOPA, Aurora Levesley, University of Leeds, Karina Melgaço, University of Leeds, Georgia Pickavance, University of Leeds., University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Ter Steege, Hans [0000-0002-8738-2659], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, ter Steege, Hans [0000-0002-8738-2659], Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Utrecht University, Petrópolis, s/n, C.P. 399, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Woodhouse Lane, Universidad de las Américas, The Field Museum, Km 10, Calle 20 No 5-44, Josefstr.1, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Université de Montpellier, Oxapampa, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Nro 733, University of Stirling, Jardim da Granja, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, University of Florida, James Cook University, Unir, Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5, Casilla 6204, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Agteca-Amazonica, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, University of Exeter, OE 243, AgrosParisTech,CNRS,INRA,Univ Guyane, Postboks 1172, Puerto Ordaz, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Adrianópolis, 4365 – Manguinhos, UNELLEZ-Guanare, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Sciencepark 904, Endangered Species Coalition, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Via Chorros de Milla, National Park Service, Suite 3123, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, University of California, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Brasilia, Cornell University, Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC), Carnegie Institution for Science, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, South Kensington Campus, Centro Universitário do Pará, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), University of Miami, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, University of Oxford, Av. Javier Praod Oeste 693, Km 7 via Muyuna, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177, Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Universidade Federal do Acre, Humboldt State University, Tabuleiro do Martins, Jr. Independencia 405, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Bronx, Kew, Carretera Jaén San Ignacio Km 23, University of East Anglia, Richmond, Casilla 10077 Correo Central, Wake Forest University, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201, UMR 5174 EDB, Wageningen University, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Setor Industrial, Apartado 7945, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Ado 20632, Av. Ejercito, ONF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Doekhieweg Oost #24, Dyson Perrins Building, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Jirón San Martín 451, University of Michigan, CLA building, 3° Piso, The University of Queensland, Conjunto Forestal, University of Washington, Northern Arizona University, Laurentian University, building number 100, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Av General Rodrigo Octavio 6200, 1 Brookside, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232, Washington University in Saint Louis, Aarhus C, Canterbury, University of Missouri, Pevas 5ta cdra, Universidad Técnica del Norte, and Rua Vera Paz
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Geography & travel, Amazonian, lcsh:Medicine, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Floresta Tropical, Forest plot, lcsh:Science, ddc:910, SDG 15 - Life on Land, averaging, Multidisciplinary, Amazon rainforest, Estimator, Biodiversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Classification, Biosystematiek, Geography, Flora, Population Abundance, 631/158/853, Taxonomy (biology), Theoretical ecology, Tree species, Brazil, Adult, Ecologia Florestal, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Rivers, Amazonian forest, G1, Life Science, Forest, Community ecology, Espécie, Relative abundance distribution, lcsh:R, G Geography (General), DAS, Árvore, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, 631/158/2451, 030104 developmental biology, Biosystematics, lcsh:Q, Physical geography, Species richness, EPS, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity. By averaging several methods to estimate total richness, we confirm that over 15,000 tree species are expected to occur in Amazonia. We also show that using ten times the number of plots would result in an increase to just ~50% of those 15,000 estimated species. To get a more complete sample of all tree species, rigorous field campaigns may be needed but the number of trees in Amazonia will remain an estimate for years to come. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517 Systems Ecology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087 Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP Rua do Matão Trav. 14 no. 321 Cidade Universitária Ecology & Biodiversity Group Utrecht University, Padualaan 8 Coordenação de Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Programa Professor Visitante Nacional Sênior na Amazônia - CAPES Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Av. Perimetral s/n Coordenação de Botânica Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Av. Magalhães Barata 376 C.P. 399 EMBRAPA – Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima BR 174 km 8 – Distrito Industrial School of Geography University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS Universidad de las Américas Campus Queri Keller Science Action Center The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA Rodovia JK Km 10 Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha Herbario Amazónico Colombiano Instituto SINCHI Calle 20 No 5-44 Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Dep. of Wetland Ecology Institute of Geography and Geoecology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT Josefstr.1 Biogeochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Hahn-Meitner Weg 1 AMAP IRD Cirad CNRS INRA Université de Montpellier Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Science and Education The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Jardín Botánico de Missouri Oxapampa Centro de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP – Instituto de Biociências – IB Av. 24 A 1515 Bela Vista Herbario Vargas Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Avenida de la Cultura Nro 733 Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto – DSR Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – INPE Av. dos Astronautas 1758 Jardim da Granja Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte Universidade Federal de Rondônia Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Rondônia Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre Unir Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5 Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal Av. 6 de agosto #28 Km. 14 Doble via La Guardia Casilla 6204 Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Calle 64 x Cra 65 Agteca-Amazonica Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street OE 243 Cirad UMR Ecofog AgrosParisTech,CNRS,INRA,Univ Guyane Campus agronomique Natural History Museum University of Oslo Postboks 1172 Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Calle Chile urbaniz Chilemex Puerto Ordaz Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica Av. W5 Norte Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Diretoria Técnico-Científica Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga 2584 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Av. Augusto Corrêa 01 Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane Fiocruz Rua Terezina 476 Adrianópolis Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ Pav. Arthur Neiva – Térreo Av. Brasil 4365 – Manguinhos Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Pará Av. Augusto Corrêa 01 Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n° Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) UNELLEZ-Guanare Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Botanica Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP Rua do Matão 277 Cidade Universitária Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Sciencepark 904 Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd. Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal Universidad de los Andes Via Chorros de Milla Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane Center for Conservation and Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW Suite 3123 Universidade Federal do Amapá Ciências Ambientais Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2 Department of Integrative Biology University of California Biologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual de Campinas Caixa Postal 6109 Department of Ecology University of Brasilia Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University, Corson Hall, 215 Tower Road Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC) Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St. Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park South Kensington Campus Escola de Negócios Tecnologia e Inovação Centro Universitário do Pará Universidade Federal do Pará Rua Augusto Corrêa 01 Ecosistemas Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies Universidad Estatal Amazónica Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 Pampulha Department of Biology University of Miami Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Amapá Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km 5 Direccíon de Evaluación Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre Av. Javier Praod Oeste 693 Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM Km 7 via Muyuna Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes Universidad Central Ap. Postal 17.01.2177 Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development Museu Universitário/Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza/Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal Universidade Federal do Acre Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street Institute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal University of Alagoas Av. Lourival Melo Mota s/n Tabuleiro do Martins Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL Jr. Independencia 405 School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King’s Buildings Tropical Diversity Section Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Blvd Bronx Natural Capital and Plant Health Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299 Universidad Nacional de Jaén Carretera Jaén San Ignacio Km 23 School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Department for Identification & Naming Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond Herbario Nacional de Bolivia Universitario UMSA Casilla 10077 Correo Central Biology Department and Center for Energy Environment and Sustainability Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd Department of Anthropology University of Texas at Austin SAC 5.150 2201 Speedway Stop C3200 Fundación Estación de Biología Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier UMR 5174 EDB Biosystematics group Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Fundación Puerto Rastrojo Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201 Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales-COCIBA & Galapagos Institute for the Arts and Sciences-GAIAS Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall ICNHS Federal University of Mato Grosso Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200 Setor Industrial Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Apartado 7945 ACEER Foundation Jirón Cusco N° 370 PROTERRA Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5 Laboratory of Human Ecology Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC Ado 20632 Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián Campus Universitario Final Av. Ejercito Direction régionale de la Guyane ONF Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Amazon Conservation Team Doekhieweg Oost #24 Environmental Change Institute Oxford University Centre for the Environment Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road Instituto de Ciência Agrárias Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501 Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Jirón San Martín 451 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan University of Nottingham Geography and the Environment University of Texas at Austin 305 E. 23rd Street CLA building GeoIS El Día 369 y El Telégrafo 3° Piso School of Agriculture and Food Sciences - ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions CEED The University of Queensland Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR) Universidad de los Andes Conjunto Forestal School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Environmental Science and Policy Northern Arizona University Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road Resource Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research Droevendaalsesteeg 3a Lumen building number 100 Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 University of Campinas Plant Biology Department Rua Monteiro Lobato 255 Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Barão Geraldo Campinas Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas – ICB1 Av General Rodrigo Octavio 6200 Cambridge University Botanic Garden 1 Brookside Medio Ambiente PLUSPRETOL The Mauritius Herbarium Agricultural Services Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR) Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS) FOMABO Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia Tropenbos International Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232 Living Earth Collaborative Washington University in Saint Louis Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Building 1540 Ny Munkegade Aarhus C School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Marlowe Building Canterbury Department of Biology University of Missouri Facultad de Biologia Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana Pevas 5ta cdra Herbario Nacional del Ecuador Universidad Técnica del Norte Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Rua Vera Paz Campus Tapajós Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP – Instituto de Biociências – IB Av. 24 A 1515 Bela Vista

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