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Las especies de felinos silvestres se encuentran en situación vulnerable o de peligro de extinción alrededor del globo, de ahí los esfuerzos de los investigadores en aspectos de reproducción con especímenes en cautiverio o bien colecta de material genético de animales silvestres para su multiplicación en cautiverio. El objetivo de esta investigación bibliográfica, es la compilación, ordenamiento y sistematización de la información científica pertinente al tema de biotecnologías reproductivas en felinos silvestres. La presente revisión se realizó compilando información publicada on line sobre el tema por un periodo de 18 meses, esta se sintetizó y agrupó en subtemas. Dentro de los tópicos a destacar se encuentra el enfoque del progenitor macho, lo cual permite una mayor dispersión del material genético comparado con la hembra, dentro de las tecnologías en reproducción se encuentran la colecta, análisis y criopreservación del semen, así como la medición de características físicas de los animales, correlacionadas con aspectos reproductivos. Los principales hallazgos indican que la investigación de metodologías como: colecta seminal por cateterización uretral, el desarrollo de protocolos de crio preservación y análisis mediado por computadora del comportamiento espermático; son las biotecnologías emergentes que permiten ampliar conocimiento sobre la reproducción de los felinos. No obstante, se debe considerar para investigaciones futuras que los procesos deben adaptarse para el trabajo in situ. En conclusión, la generación de información de biotecnologías reproductivas es un aspecto fundamental para el apoyo a poblaciones escasas para evitar la eliminación de especímenes de su hábitat natural o bien reinserción en el mismo

Sperm cryopreservation is a tool for the conservation of the genetic material of animals of genetic importance or for species preservation. In the case of domestic cats, this can be used to generate information about seminal harvest, evaluation and preservation, which is especially important due to its applicability to wild felids. This study evaluated seminal samples harvested by urethral catheterisation from 13 adult domestic cats. Samples were cryopreserved with experimental groups of extenders were defined by the penetrating cryoprotectant: 6% glycerol (GLY6%), 3% dimethylacetamide (DMA3%) and 3% dimethylformamide (DMF3%). The samples were thawed and evaluated by conventional microscopy and by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The structural and functional membrane integrity was assessed by supravital tests (EOS), hypoosmotic swelling tests (HOST) and flow cytometry (FC). There was a correlation (P 0.05) between total motility and EOS (r = 0.54), HOST and FC (r = -0.62) and total motility and flow cytometry (r = 0.63), indicating that these are complementary parameters that increase the accuracy of the feline sperm quality evaluation post-thaw. The results regarding the structural and functional integrity of the sperm plasma membrane did not differ (P 0.05) among groups. However, the DMA3% group had a lower (P 0.05) percentage of morphological changes in the sperm tail compared to samples cryopreserved with GLY6% and DMF3%. Additionally, DMA3% provided lower values of immobile sperm post-thaw when compared to DMF3%. DMA is an interesting alternative to GLY and superior to DMF for the cryopreservation of feline semen at the studied concentrations.

The aim of this study was to develop a field-friendly method for free-living jaguar and cougar semen cryopreservation. Six captive Jaguars Panthera onca and three captive Cougars Puma concolor were chemically restrained with a combination of medetomidine (0.08–0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg). Semen was collected through a tomcat urinary catheter with an open end, diluted for a final concentration of 50 x 106 sperm/mL in a TRIS-egg yolk extender and packaged into 0.25 mL straws. We compared two cooling methods: CoolA - in which straws were placed in a glass tube that was placed in a glass bottle containing water (600mL at 38°C) and transferred to a polystyrene container (12L) containing an 11cm column of ice and water at room temperature; CoolB – where the glass bottle – straws kit was transferred to a 4.26L cooler containing nine blocks (81cm3) of Ice Foam recyclable ice, previously frozen in liquid nitrogen. The sperm volume varied from 2 to 720 µl for the jaguars and from 80 to 140 µl for the cougars. Sperm concentration varied from 224 to 5,115 x106 sperm/mL for the jaguars and from 485.7 to 562.5 x 106 sperm/mL for the cougars. Concerning the cooling treatments, there was no difference in frozen-thawed sperm quality between the methods, in both species. Thereby, the cooling method using recyclable ice frozen in liquid nitrogen can be used for semen cryopreservation in wild felines, eliminating the need for electric energy.

ObjectivesWe compared the effects of two alpha (α)2-adrenergic agonists on semen traits.MethodsIn this study, 13 adult domestic cats were divided into two experimental groups, according to the chemical ejaculation protocol used: the first group received medetomidine hydrochloride (100 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg); the second group received dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (25 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg), both by the intramuscular route.ResultsThe animals responded positively ( P >0.05) to chemical collection. Seminal parameters evaluated included volume, sperm vigor, total motility, progressive motility, sperm concentration, and the structural and functional integrity of the plasma membrane; sperm morphology values did not differ between groups ( P >0.05).Conclusions and relevanceThe results indicated that dexmedetomidine is a more viable and economical alternative to medetomidine in domestic cats submitted to semen collection by urethral catheterization. Semen collection by urethral catheterization after using α2-adrenergic agonists is a recently developed technique in feline species that is considered to be quick and highly applicable to assisted reproduction programs in felids.

The largest feline in the Americas and the third largest in the world, the jaguar is an apex predator in the food chain and a key species in the ecosystems where it occurs, developing important ecological functions in maintaining ecosystem balance. In Brazil, the Pantanal is considered an important refuge for the species, and protected areas such as the Taiamã Ecological Station (TES) are relevant for conservation of pristine ecosystem where the species persist. Thus, considering that this area is located in one of the regions with the highest concentration of this large cat in the Pantanal, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the protection given by the TES for the jaguar population. The station is a flooded island in the middle of the Paraguay river and surrounded by extensive wetlands. We monitored ten jaguars using GPS collar at the TES and its surroundings. The samples were separated into high-water season (January to June) and low-water season (July to December), and the estimated home ranges were grouped as: 1) residents only and 2) all monitored individuals. The stabilization of the home ranges of eight jaguars, considered residents, was determined through variograms. When all jaguars were analysed together there was 55% overlap between the clustered areas of the two analysed seasons. In the analysis excluding non-resident individuals there was 72% overlap between the clustered areas. The type of land cover inside these areas was very similar between these periods. The range of this protected area is not sufficient to effectively protect these jaguar populations, since the grouped home ranges of the resident animals studied are 3.5(wet)/2.5(dry) times larger than the area of the TES. However, the surroundings of the TES have low human impact and no deforestation and, in this way, the landscape context of the station may have a significant effect on the persistence of a large carnivore like the jaguar. However, it is necessary to create more protected areas in order to prevent possible future environmental changes in the areas surrounding TES.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, por meio do presente estudo, avaliar o método de colheita farmacológica de sêmen com sondagem uretral, em machos de onças-pardas (Puma concolor) mantidos em cativeiro. A técnica proposta (Cat; N=3) foi comparada com a eletroejaculação (EE; N=4). Para a colheita farmacológica, utilizou-se medetomidina para induzir a liberação de sêmen na uretra e sonda uretral para gatos, sem janela lateral, para colheita do sêmen por capilaridade. O método foi eficaz em todos os animais usados. Por meio dessa técnica, colheram-se amostras com menor volume (106,7±30,5aµL) e maior concentração (524,1±54,3b x 106 espermatozoides/mL) em relação à EE (450,0±0,1bµL e 205,0±141,8a x 106 espermatozoides/mL). As avaliações de vigor, motilidade e patologia espermática demonstraram que a técnica não afeta a qualidade do sêmen em relação à EE (P>0,05). Dessa forma, o método proposto consiste em uma técnica mais prática e eficiente para a colheita de sêmen com boa qualidade, dispensando o eletroejaculador.

The relevance of the Jaguar in Brazilian fauna is incompatible with the lack of literature regarding its reproductive behavior, showing that research in this area should be intensified. The knowledge of its basic reproductive behavior is extremely important for understanding the fertility factors of the species and the role it plays in its ecosystem. In this study, we analyzed 210 sequences of sexual behaviors of Jaguars Panthera onca starting from proceptivity of the female and ending with copulation; this sequence is called the copulatory behavior. Behavioral sequences were filmed, and the observed behaviors were analyzed and recorded including occurrence frequency. Different behaviors were observed in association with two types of copulation, it was understood that copulation occurs with and without penile penetration. The information found in the present study is valuable for the reproductive management of Jaguars.

This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of medetomidine anesthesia for semen collection through urethral catheter in wild and captive jaguars. Six captive and five wild jaguars were chemically restrained with a combination of medetomidine (0.08–0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg). After medetomidine administration the urethra was catheterized using a urinary tomcat catheter (1 mm diameter × 130 mm length) to collect semen from all animals. By using this technique, we could collect an average of 347.2 μl of semen containing 2,635.2 sperm/ml. Forward progressive motility, sperm progressive motility, and sperm morphology analysis demonstrated that the methodology did not affect sperm quality. Thus, urethral catheterization after medetomidine administration is a practical and efficient method to collect high-quality semen from wild and captive jaguars; this will enable the development of reproductive assisted technologies for jaguars.

Cryptorchidism is a genital alteration wherein one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum and has multifactorial causes. A free-range adult male was captured twice in the Pantanal of Nhecolândia to put a GPS collar and semen collection. Pharmacological semen collection, andrological examination and semen analysis were performed. At the first capture and during the andrological examination only the left testis was found, and the male qualified as cryptorchid. The penis had no penile spines at either procedure. The semen volume obtained at first and second capture was 435 and 160 μL, respectively, with a concentration of 618 and 100 x 106 sperm/mL, progressive motility of ~ 5% and ~ 1% and total morphological sperm abnormalities of 74% and 86%. The male was monitored by a GPS collar, but the signal was lost, making it difficult to re-captures and perform new seminal and ultrasound evaluations to discard monorchidism – exceedingly rare in felids. Genetic studies to assess the individual's homozygosity are necessary to verify whether cryptorchidism in this individual has a genetic factor.

Threatened of extinction in Brazil, the jaguar is the largest predator in Latin America, playing an important role in the ecosystem where it is inserted. Despite of some important studies in this species, its reproductive physiology needs to be better understood for the development of more effective reproductive biotechnologies. One well studied biological aspect is the occurrence of ovulation following stimulation of the vaginal floor during copulation. This mechanical stimulation is responsible for the induction of ovulation in domestic and wild cats. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate whether ovulation in captive jaguars can be induced by the above-mentioned mechanical stimulation but also by other forms of sensory stimulation. Nine jaguar (Panthera onca) females and six males were divided into three groups: Group 1 (four females), in which the females were close to the males, but with no possibility of copulation; Group 2 (three females), in which the females were in the same enclosure as the males, thereby being able to copulate; and Group 3 (two females), in which the females were completely isolated from any male of the species. Follicular growth was stimulated by administration of 800 IU of eCG, conducted three or five days before LOPU. In order to have certainty about the occurrence of ovulation, the ovaries were assessed by laparoscopy allowing the visualization of ovarian structures including follicles, recent ovulations, corpora hemorrhagica (CH) and corpora lutea (CL). Multiple CH were observed in the 2 females housed with males, as well as the two females kept in proximity of males, i.e. only visual contact (Group 1). None of the females in complete isolation from males showed CH or ovulation spots (Group 3). In summary, the seven females in contact or near proximity with males had multiple ovulations, regardless of copulation or not. Based on this evidence, we have established that jaguars are capable of two forms of induced ovulation: 1) the "mechanical" coitus-induced form that is traditional and thoroughly described for felines; 2) a "sensorial" form in which the nearby presence of a male can induce ovulation through the visual, olfactory and/or auditive senses. Further research is required for establishing the mechanisms and chemical mediators of sensorial stimulation. In addition, and consistent with expected results, we confirmed that females that received the same stimulation are incapable of ovulating when not exposed to any form of stimulation by males.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T07:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-09 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas WWF International Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Large terrestrial carnivores have undergone some of the largest population declines and range reductions of any species, which is of concern as they can have large effects on ecosystem dynamics and function.1–4 The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the apex predator throughout the majority of the Neotropics; however, its distribution has been reduced by >50% and it survives in increasingly isolated populations.5 Consequently, the range-wide management of the jaguar depends upon maintaining core populations connected through multi-national, transboundary cooperation, which requires understanding the movement ecology and space use of jaguars throughout their range.6–8 Using GPS telemetry data for 111 jaguars from 13 ecoregions within the four biomes that constitute the majority of jaguar habitat, we examined the landscape-level environmental and anthropogenic factors related to jaguar home range size and movement parameters. Home range size decreased with increasing net productivity and forest cover and increased with increasing road density. Speed decreased with increasing forest cover with no sexual differences, while males had more directional movements, but tortuosity in movements was not related to any landscape factors. We demonstrated a synergistic relationship between landscape-scale environmental and anthropogenic factors and jaguars’ spatial needs, which has applications to the conservation strategy for the species throughout the Neotropics. Using large-scale collaboration, we overcame limitations from small sample sizes typical in large carnivore research to provide a mechanism to evaluate habitat quality for jaguars and an inferential modeling framework adaptable to the conservation of other large terrestrial carnivores. Asociación Guyra Paraguay and CONACYT Parque Ecológico Asunción Verde Insituto Saite Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação LEEC Instituto Pró-Carnívoros Department of Animal Nutrition and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo Cidade Universitária, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321 Instituto de Biología Subtropical Universidad Nacional de Misiones and CONICET Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya Bioconciencia A.C. School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga IPÊ-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Faro Moro Eco Research Estancia Faro Moro Departamento de Boquerón Instituto Onça Pintada Estacao Ecológica Taiamã Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Associação Onçafari Rua Ferreira de Araújo, 221, Cj.14, Sala 4, Pinheiros Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor Instituto SOS Pantanal, R. Gutemberg, 328 Centro Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and CONACyT Ciudad Universitaria Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts, Amherst Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Instituto Literario 100 Col. Centro C.P. Instituto de Biologia Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos LEMA Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Primero Conservation, Box 1588 Namá Conservation Rescate Animal Zooave Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza, Apdo Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Instituto Onças do Rio Negro Fazenda Barranco Alto Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Viçosa Instituto de Defesa e Preservação dos Felídeos Brasileiros SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry Wildlife Biology Program W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation University of Montana Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina Wildlife Protection Solutions, 2501 Welton Street San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road Universidade Federal de São João del Rei Departamento de Ciências Naturais Laboratório de Ecologia Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada Universidade de São Paulo ESALQ/CENA Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Centro de Zoología Aplicada Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal IDEA Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical ANLIS Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás do Brasil Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação LEEC FAPESP: 2014/24921-0 FAPESP: 2018/13037–3 FAPESP: 2018/24891-5

Habitat loss and fragmentation are important threats to carnivores worldwide and are especially intense for large predators. Jaguars have been extirpated from over half of their original distribution, and few regions still maintain large populations. The Pantanal is among the best examples of such regions and can be used to better understand several aspects of jaguar biology that are relevant for conservation planning throughout the species' range. Thus, in this study we used microsatellite markers and field data to: (i) assess the genetic structure and gene flow of jaguars (n = 110) from the northern and southern Pantanal; (ii) verify if females are more philopatric than males; (iii) produce a timeline pedigree to allow the identification of distances from offspring to their mothers; and (iv) estimate the generation time for jaguars. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that Pantanal jaguars represent a panmictic population, although exhibiting some degree of local differentiation. The Paraguay River seems to be an important factor promoting gene flow among the studied populations, highlighting its relevance for regional conservation efforts. Our data provide the first genetic evidence of female philopatry and male-biased dispersal in jaguars. In addition, we report the first timeline pedigree for a wild jaguar population and the first direct estimate of the species' generation time. Our results contribute to the construction of more realistic assessments of jaguar population dynamics and long-term genetic viability, thus contributing to the design of improved conservation strategies on behalf of this species.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:54:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01 The field of movement ecology has rapidly grown during the last decade, with important advancements in tracking devices and analytical tools that have provided unprecedented insights into where, when, and why species move across a landscape. Although there has been an increasing emphasis on making animal movement data publicly available, there has also been a conspicuous dearth in the availability of such data on large carnivores. Globally, large predators are of conservation concern. However, due to their secretive behavior and low densities, obtaining movement data on apex predators is expensive and logistically challenging. Consequently, the relatively small sample sizes typical of large carnivore movement studies may limit insights into the ecology and behavior of these elusive predators. The aim of this initiative is to make available to the conservation-scientific community a dataset of 134,690 locations of jaguars (Panthera onca) collected from 117 individuals (54 males and 63 females) tracked by GPS technology. Individual jaguars were monitored in five different range countries representing a large portion of the species' distribution. This dataset may be used to answer a variety of ecological questions including but not limited to: improved models of connectivity from local to continental scales; the use of natural or human-modified landscapes by jaguars; movement behavior of jaguars in regions not represented in this dataset; intraspecific interactions; and predator-prey interactions. In making our dataset publicly available, we hope to motivate other research groups to do the same in the near future. Specifically, we aim to help inform a better understanding of jaguar movement ecology with applications towards effective decision making and maximizing long-term conservation efforts for this ecologically important species. There are no costs, copyright, or proprietary restrictions associated with this data set. When using this data set, please cite this article to recognize the effort involved in gathering and collating the data and the willingness of the authors to make it publicly available. Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa & Conservacao Mamiferos Carnivo, BR-12952011 Atibaia, SP, Brazil Inst Conservacao Carnivoros Neotropicais, BR-12945010 Atibaia, SP, Brazil Asociac Guyra Paraguay, Parque Ecol Asuncion Verde, Asuncion 1101, Paraguay CONACYT, Parque Ecol Asuncion Verde, Asuncion 1101, Paraguay Univ Nacl Misiones, Inst Biol Subtrop, RA-3370 Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-3370 Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina Asoc Civil Ctr Invest Bosque Atlantico, RA-3370 Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04318, DF, Mexico CONACyT, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04318, DF, Mexico IPE, BR-12960000 Nazare Paulista, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, LEEC, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Faro Moro Eco Res, Dept Boqueron, Asuncion 9490, Paraguay Inst Onca Pintada, CP 193, BR-75830000 Mineiros, Go, Brazil Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, Estacao Ecol Taiama, BR-78200000 Caceres, MT, Brazil Inst Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamiraua, BR-69553225 Tefe, AM, Brazil Projeto Oncafari, BR-05428000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Nacl Costa Rica, Inst Int Manejo & Conservac Vida Silvestre, Heredia 13503000, Costa Rica Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Ctr Invest Ciencias Biol Aplicadas, Inst Literario 100, Toluca 50000, Estado De Mexic, Mexico Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, BR-38408100 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Primero Conservat, Box 16106, Portal, AZ 85632 USA Univ Nacl Costa Rica, Escuela Med Vet, Hosp Especies Menores & Silvestres, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica Projeto Carnivoros Iguacu, BR-85851970 Foz Do Iguacu, PR, Brazil Univ Fed Integracao Latinoamer, Inst Latinoamer Ciencias Vida & Nat, BR-85851970 Foz Do Iguacu, PR, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Fazenda Barranco Alto, Projeto Oncas Rio Negro, BR-79208000 Aquidauana, MS, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Med Vet, BR-36570 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Inst Def & Preservacao Felideos Brasileiros, BR-72960000 Corumba De Goias, Go, Brazil Panthera, 8 West 40th St,18th Floor, New York, NY 10018 USA Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Conservacao Biodiversidad, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA Univ Sul Santa Catarina, BR-88704900 Tubarao, SC, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei, Dept Ciencias Nat, BR-36301160 Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ CENA, Programa Posgrad Interunidades Ecol Aplicada, Lab Ecol Manejo & Conservacao Fauna Silvestre, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Minist Salud Nacion, Inst Med Trop, RA-3370 Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina Inst Pesquisa & Conservacao Tamanduas Brasil, BR-64200025 Parnaiba, PI, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, LEEC, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo monitorar o comportamento do uso territorial de um macho de onça parda, capturado no Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB), por meio da telemetria, usando colar de GPS via Satélite Globalstar. O monitoramento de doze meses resultou na transmissão via satélite de 328 localizações, as quais sugerem que a área utilizada por esse felino seja de aproximadamente 610km2, sendo esta a maior área já descrita para a espécie. Foi possível observar que apenas 20% das localizações ocorreram dentro da área do PESB. O comportamento territorial observado neste trabalho mostra a vulnerabilidade do animal a ações antrópicas, como a caça, atropelamentos e o contato com patógenos entre animais silvestres e domésticos. Observou-se também que duas rodovias configuram barreiras artificiais para o deslocamento do animal, possivelmente impedindo o fluxo gênico entre o PESB e dois outros importantes parques. Com os dados levantados é possível a sugestão de ações de manejo, como a criação de uma conectividade efetiva entre o PESB, o Parque Estadual do Rio Doce e o Parque Nacional do Caparaó, o que poderia contribuir para o intercâmbio genético entre as populações e, dessa forma, favorecer a conservação não somente da onça parda. We aimed to study the territorial behavior of a male cougar, captured in the Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB), using a GPS collar and the Globalstar Satellite. Monitoring the animal for nine months we obtained 328 locations. The data suggest that the area used by this feline is approximately 610km2, the largest area described for this specie. It was also possible to observe that only 20% of the locations of the animal occurred within the PESB area. The territorial behavior observed in this study shows the vulnerability of the animal to human activities such as hunting, road kill and contact with pathogens from domestic animals. It was also observed that two roads constitute artificial barriers for animal movement, possibly preventing gene flow between the PESB and two other parks. The creation of an effective connectivity between the PESB, the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce and the Parque Nacional do Caparaó is critical to ensure genetic exchange between the animal populations and thereby promote their conservation.

O presente trabalho consiste no primeiro relato de criptorquidismo em uma jaguatirica, adulta, de vida livre. Para a captura foram empregadas armadilhas com desarme de guilhotina, usando como isca vísceras de bovino. O animal foi contido quimicamente por meio de dardos anestésicos e mantido sob anestesia, utilizando a associação de cloridrato de quetamina e cloridrato de xilazina. Durante o exame andrológico, observou-se que o testículo esquerdo localizava-se subcutâneo, próximo à região inguinal, caracterizando-se criptorquidismo unilateral. Esse testículo apresentava-se flácido, com volume de 2,57mL, enquanto o testículo contralateral apresentava consistência firme e volume de 11,50mL. A área ocupada pelas espículas penianas mostrou-se compatível com a de animais reprodutores. O criptorquidismo é uma condição hereditária ligada à baixa variabilidade genética, já relatada em felinos silvestres consanguíneos. Nesse sentido, devido ao crescente isolamento populacional em fragmentos florestais, este achado torna-se preocupante, uma vez que pode ser indicativo de endogamia em populações de jaguatiricas de vida livre. This paper is the first report of unilateral cryptorchidism in an adult wildlife ocelot, captured in Parque Estadual do Rio Doce. Cage traps were used to capture the animal, using bovine offal as bait. The animal was anesthetized with anesthetic darts and kept under anesthesia through a combination of ketamine and xylazine. The andrologycal examination showed that the left testicle was located subcutaneously near the inguinal region. In this case of unilateral cryptorchidism, the testis was soft and had a volume of 2.57mL, while the contralateral testis had a firm consistency and volume of 11.50mL. The length of the region occupied by the penile spikes was similar to other breeding animals. Cryptorchidism is an inherited condition linked to low genetic variability previously reported in consanguineous wild cats. Due to the increasing isolation of wild population in forest fragments, this finding is concerning because it can be indicative of inbreeding in wild ocelot populations.

Accurately estimating home range and understanding movement behavior can provide important information on ecological processes. Advances in data collection and analysis have improved our ability to estimate home range and movement parameters, both of which have the potential to impact species conservation. Fitting continuous-time movement model to data and incorporating the autocorrelated kernel density estimator (AKDE), we investigated range residency of forty-four jaguars fit with GPS collars across five biomes in Brazil and Argentina. We assessed home range and movement parameters of range resident animals and compared AKDE estimates with kernel density estimates (KDE). We accounted for differential space use and movement among individuals, sex, region, and habitat quality. Thirty-three (80%) of collared jaguars were range resident. Home range estimates using AKDE were 1.02 to 4.80 times larger than KDE estimates that did not consider autocorrelation. Males exhibited larger home ranges, more directional movement paths, and a trend towards larger distances traveled per day. Jaguars with the largest home ranges occupied the Atlantic Forest, a biome with high levels of deforestation and high human population density. Our results fill a gap in the knowledge of the species´ ecology with an aim towards better conservation of this endangered/critically endangered carnivore-the top predator in the Neotropics. Fil: Morato, Ronaldo G.. National Zoological Park. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Estados Unidos. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; Brasil. Instituto Chico Mendes da Conservaçao da Biodiversidade; Brasil Fil: Stabach, Jared A.. National Zoological Park. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Fleming, Chris H.. National Zoological Park. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Calabrese, Justin M.. National Zoological Park. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: De Paula, Rogério C.. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservaçao da Biodiversidade; Brasil. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; Brasil Fil: Ferraz, Kátia M. P. M.. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; Brasil. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Kantek, Daniel L. Z.. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; Brasil Fil: Miyazaki, Selma S.. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; Brasil Fil: Pereira, Thadeu D. C.. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; Brasil Fil: Araujo, Gediendson R.. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Brasil Fil: Paviolo, Agustin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina Fil: de Angelo, Carlos Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina Fil: Cruz, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina Fil: Lima, Fernando. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Brasil Fil: Cullen, Laury. Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Brasil Fil: Sana, Denis A.. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Ramalho, Emiliano E.. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; Brasil. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá; Brasil Fil: Carvalho, Marina M.. Instituto de Defensa e Preservação dos Felídeos Brasieiros; Brasil Fil: Soares, Fábio H. S.. Instituto de Defensa e Preservação dos Felídeos Brasieiros; Brasil Fil: Zimbres, Barbara. Universidade do Brasília; Brasil Fil: Silva, Marina X.. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; Brasil Fil: Moraes, Marcela D. F.. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; Brasil Fil: Vogliotti, Alexandre. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros; Brasil. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana; Brasil Fil: May Jr., Joares A.. Projeto Onçafari Miranda; Brasil Fil: Haberfeld, Mario. Projeto Onçafari Miranda; Brasil Fil: Rampim, Lilian. Projeto Onçafari Miranda; Brasil Fil: Sartorello, Leonardo. Projeto Onçafari Miranda; Brasil Fil: Ribeiro, Milton C.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Leimgruber, Peter. National Zoological Park. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Estados Unidos

Um exemplar macho, subadulto de onça parda reintroduzido foi monitorado por técnica de radiotelemetria. O monitoramento foi de 110 dias, realizado de forma aleatória, com intervalos descontínuos. Os dados do acompanhamento sugerem que a área utilizada por este espécime seja de, aproximadamente, 26km². Esta configura o menor índice já descrito para a espécie, porém, deve-se ressaltar a importância deste monitoramento básico, visto a incipiência do comportamento de um felino de grande porte reintroduzido em habitat natural após período em cativeiro. One subadult male specimen of a reintroduced mountain lion was monitored using the radio telemetry technique. The monitoring lasted 110 days, being randomly distributed. Data of the monitoring through radiotelemetry suggested that the home range of this specimen was of approximately 26km². This sets as the smallest home range described for this species. However, the importance of this basic monitoring should be emphasized, since information of the behavior of a large feline reintroduced in its natural habitat after a period in captivity is incipient.

We evaluated the capacity of ocelot and oncilla spermatozoa to bind to the perivitelline membranes (PVMs) of hen eggs in a sperm binding assay (S-PVM). In addition, a device that improves the standardization of the assay was developed. The number of sperm bound to the PVM in fresh (T1) and frozen–thawed (T2) semen from both species was compared to the sperm quality observed in routine tests. The PVM was stretched on a circular silicone device to create a standardized area for analysis. In both treatments and for both species, the spermatozoa were able to bind to the PVM, indicating that PVM may be used for a sperm binding assay in ocelot and oncilla. The S-PVM assay did not differ in fresh and frozen–thawed ocelot sperm (p > 0.05). However, fewer oncilla sperm (p < 0.05) were bound to the PVM in T2, indicating that the proposed test may be able to detect injuries that compromise sperm binding abilities. The device maintained the PVM stretched during the processing and defined the evaluation area.

O desenvolvimento de biotécnicas de reprodução é uma importante ferramenta para a conservação de animais silvestres ameaçados de extinção. Procedimentos de reprodução assistida em suçuarana, no entanto, são escassos na literatura, em especial aqueles relacionados à criopreservação de sêmen. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a congelabilidade do sêmen de suçuaranas adultas mantidas em cativeiro, por meio da comparação entre duas concentrações de glicerol no meio de congelamento. Foram usados cinco machos adultos de suçuarana, mantidos no Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres do Mato Grosso do Sul (CRAS/MS). As amostras foram coletadas por eletroejaculação e avaliadas quanto ao seu aspecto físico, volume, vigor, motilidade, concentração e índice espermático. De cada ejaculado duas alíquotas foram diluídas em meio Tris-citrato-gema de ovo, em concentrações finais de 5 e 7,5% de glicerol, resfriadas a uma taxa de -0,55ºC/min e congeladas a uma taxa de -5,8ºC/min. Depois de descongeladas, as amostras foram reavaliadas e submetidas aos testes de termorresistência e hiposmótico. O protocolo de criopreservação e descongelamento de sêmen proposto se mostrou eficiente em ambas as concentrações de glicerol testadas, não havendo diferença (p>0,05) entre estas. The development of biotechnologies of reproduction is an important tool for the conservation of wild animals threatened with extinction. Assisted reproduction procedures in mountain lions, however, are scarce, especially those related to sperm cryopreservation. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the freezing capacity of semen from adult mountain lions in captivity through the comparison of two concentrations of glycerol in the freezing media. Five adult male mountain lions were used, held at the Rehabilitation Center for Wild Animals of Mato Grosso do Sul (CRAS/MS). Samples were collected by electroejaculation and evaluated for physical appearance, volume, sperm progressive status, sperm motility, sperm concentration and sperm motility index. Each ejaculate was spliced into two aliquots and diluted in Tris-citrate-half egg yolk, at final concentrations of 5 and 7.5% glycerol, cooled at a rate of -0.55ºC/min and frozen at a rate of -5.8ºC/min. Once thawed, the samples were re-evaluated and tested for thermoresistance and hypoosmotic swelling. The suggested protocol for cryopreservation and thawing of semen is efficient in both glycerol concentrations tested, with no difference (p>0.05) between them.

Estudou-se o espaço intertubular e descreveu-se seu arranjo em jaguatirica adulta (Leopardus pardalis). Para tal, colheram-se fragmentos dos testículos, de cinco jaguatiricas adultas, provenientes de cativeiro, obtidos por biópsia incisional. O compartimento intertubular correspondeu a 19,4% do parênquima, sendo 3,9% ocupado por células de Leydig. Estes se apresentaram uninucleados, com o núcleo arredondado e nucléolo único, e com grande quantidade de grânulos pigmentares no citoplasma. O compartimento intertubular apresentou padrão do tipo II, e o tecido conjuntivo foi o componente mais abundante do tecido intertubular. Observou-se pequeno percentual de células de Leydig na espécie estudada, e o número médio por grama de testículo, 33,39 x10(6), apresentou-se dentro da amplitude descrita para a maioria dos mamíferos. The aim of this study was to do a quantitative investigation of the intertubular space and describe its arrangement in adult ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). In this experiment we used testicular fragments, obtained through biopsy from five adult ocelots maintained in captivity. The intertubular compartment corresponded to 19.4% of the testicular parenchyma, and 3.9% of this compartment was occupied by Leydig cells. The Leydig cells showed to be uninucleate, with rounded nuclei and single nucleoli, with a large amount of pigment granules in their cytoplasm. The intertubular compartment showed a clear pattern of type II and the conjunctive tissue was the most abundant component of the intertubular tissue. Despite the small unit volume of Leydig cells in adult ocelots, the average number per gram of testis (33.39 x106) was within the range described for most mammals.

The puma (Puma concolor) is the second largest neotropical feline present in the entire territory of the Americas. Currently, due to the fragmentation of its habitat amid disorganized territorial expansion, conflicts with rural producers, and fires in environmental preservation areas, it is now vulnerable and, on the IUCN, and Ministry of Environment list of threatened species. Pumas that fall victim to these situations are sent to wildlife rehabilitation centers and from there onto institutions such as zoos and wildlife parks, as it is impossible to return them to their natural habitat. This is significantly increasing the population of pumas in artificial environments. As the numbers of captive Pumas increase, far exceeding the number of enclosures, male animals are vasectomized to enable them to be kept in enclosures shared with females. As a result, the conservation of the puma is directly and indirectly affected by the decrease in the species' genetic variability, resulting in ecological losses in the medium and long term. In this sense, the objective of this work is to describe the technique of tubal ligation by laparoscopy in pumas as a viable method for tubal clipping. Thus, the present technique proved to be practical and efficient, being an alternative surgical approach to preserve the genetics of the species. A onça-parda (Puma concolor) é o segundo maior felino neotropical presente em toda expansão territorial das américas. Atualmente ações antrópicas contribuem de forma expressiva para a redução da espécie. Nesse sentido, as onças-pardas vitimadas por essas razões descritas, são encaminhadas para centros de reabilitações de animais silvestres, permanecendo por pouco tempo e assim, encaminhadas para instituições mantenedoras de vida selvagem. Devido a impossibilidade de reinserção ao seu habitat natural, reverberando no aumento expressivo da população de onças-pardas em ambientes ex situ o quantitativo desse felino é grande e o número de recintos tornou-se insuficiente, assim os animais machos são vasectomizados e pareados no mesmo recinto com outras fêmeas no intuito de aproveitar o mesmo espaço. Em razão disso, a diminuição da variabilidade genética gera um impacto negativo a médio e longo prazo nessa espécie. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho, é descrever a técnica de ligadura tubária por laparoscopia em onças-pardas como método viável para clipagem tubária. Na avaliação posterior por laparoscopia foi possível observar que os clips permaneceram no local, não foi observada aderências na região clipada e nem nos órgãos relacionados. Foi possível também realizar a obtenção de oócitos por aspiração por laparoscopia em onças-pardas ligadas. Dessa forma, a presente técnica demonstrou ser prática e eficiente, sendo uma abordagem cirúrgica alternativa para preservar a genética da espécie.