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La pêche européenne a des impacts multiples : sur la biodiversité marine évidemment, mais aussi sur l’économie et le sort des professionnels du secteur. Il appartient donc nécessaire d’avoir une approche globale, qui considère les enjeux sociaux, écologiques et économiques au sein d’une même grille d’analyse. C’est ce qu’ont fait les chercheurs qui ont travaillé à la production du rapport « Changer de cap, pour une transition sociale-écologique des pêches ». Les conclusions sont édifiantes : alors que la pêche industrielle a des impacts négatifs considérables sur quasiment tous les indicateurs, la pêche artisanale se montre exemplaire sur l’essentiel.

In the context of the marine ecosystem ecological crisis, assessing the sustainability performance of fisheries has become a priority. Using European tropical tuna purse seine fleets as a case study, we show how a multidisciplinary dashboard approach can be used to determine historical and current sustainability performances of fishing fleets to improve understanding of the links between the multiple dimensions of sustainability and to highlight management policy priorities. Based on a set of 18 indicators and using a principal component analysis method, we evaluated the environmental, economic and social sustainability performances of these fleets. We compared the average fleet performances for 2015–2019 with the other tuna fishing fleets in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We then analysed the evolution of sustainability performance of European tuna purse seiners from 2009 to 2019.Our results illustrate that the purse seiners currently fishing the Indian Ocean have better ecological performances than those fishing the Atlantic, thanks to healthier tuna stocks. Performance related to impacts on marine ecosystems contrasts between tuna fishing gears. Purse seiners, especially those fishing on free school, were more selective than other gears. From 2009 to 2019, their economic performance increased while their social performance stabilised. The recent development of the use of fish aggregating devices (FADs), to the detriment of free school fishing strategy caused a loss of performance in ecology and social dimensions. Purse seiners fishing on FADs had more juvenile tuna catches, lower species selectivity, a higher carbon footprint and a lower average salary for fishermen. Fishing on FADs implied a higher fuel consumption, which is one of the major expenses for fishing fleets. Our results confirm that it is ecologically and economically justified to incite purse seine fleets to reduce fishing on FADs.

This data includes indicators estimated in a multicriteria dashboard study applied to assess sustainability of tropical tuna fisheries in Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The objective of this work was to test a multidimensional approach, accounting for the ecological, economic and social dimensions of fisheries sustainability, with the case study of tropical tuna fishing fleets. This dashboard has been constructed based on a bibliography review then calculated annually for all historical period available. Main sources for raw data were Regional Fisheries Management Organisation’s (RFMO) public data for the majority of ecological indicators and the Data Collection Framework (Regulation (EC) 199/2008) for economic, social indicators and one ecologic indicator (Fuel Use Intensity or FUI). The dashboard gathers 21 indicators (14 ecological, 4 economic and 3 social indicators) for which we presented here their estimated values for our case study. According to raw data availability, the majority of ecological indicators were calculated from 1950 to 2020 for 102 fleets operating in Atlantic and Indian Oceans, while FUI, economic and social indicators were calculated only for the European purse seiners and longliners (French and Spanish) over a shorter period of time (2009-2019) than the one for ecological indicators. Because the raw data from the Data collection framework were aggregated, a disaggregation method based on the allocation of the fishing effort to each ocean, was applied to each fleet segment. This dataset is a tool to monitor the sustainability performance of tuna fisheries and can be re-used to compare performances between fishing gears, time periods and fishing practices by flag.

Qui n’a jamais rêvé de parcourir le monde et d’être au cœur de l’action ? de survoler en hélicoptère la mer Rouge ou de parcourir l’Algérie en quête de sites de pêche ? Pour les ambitieux, que diriez-vous d’être promu consultant en Iran, commissaire du gouvernement ? Pour les combatifs, et si à Bruxelles vous dédiiez vos nuits aux pêcheurs en colère ? Pour ceux qui aiment les défis, et si demain sous un soleil brûlant on vous nommait secrétaire général d’un syndicat d’armateurs à la pêche industrielle au Congo pour faire des miracles ? Pour les diplomates, que feriez-vous si le président de la République centrafricaine vous demandait de construire un pipeline long de 2 000 km pour élever des crevettes marines en pleine forêt ? Pour les âmes humanitaires, accepteriez-vous de jouer au père Noël à travers un pays en guerre ? Toutes ces expériences ont été vécues par des hommes dont rien au départ n’aurait pu laisser présager de telles odyssées. Pourtant, ils ont tous pour points communs l’amour de la mer et des ressources aquatiques ; ils ont choisi la spécialisation « halieutique » proposée par l’école agronomique de Rennes. Étudiants dans les années 1970, ils ont voulu partager leur parcours et transmettre l’ardeur qui les animait.

Climate change is expected to profoundly affect key food production sectors, including fisheries and agriculture. However, the potential impacts of climate change on these sectors are rarely considered jointly, and when they are, it is often at a national scale, which can mask substantial variability in how communities will be affected. Here, we combine socioeconomic surveys and intersectoral multi-model simulation outputs to conduct a sub-national analysis of the potential impacts of climate change on fisheries and agriculture in 72 coastal communities across five Indo-Pacific countries. Our study reveals three key findings: First, we find that the overall potential losses to fisheries is higher than potential losses to agriculture, but there is substantial within-country variability. Second, while more than two-thirds of locations will bear a double burden of potential losses to both fisheries and agriculture simultaneously, mitigation could reduce the proportion of places facing a double burden. Third, lower socioeconomic status communities are more likely to experience potential impacts than higher socioeconomic status communities.

Climate change is expected to profoundly affect key food production sectors, including fisheries and agriculture. However, the potential impacts of climate change on these sectors are rarely considered jointly, especially below national scales, which can mask substantial variability in how communities will be affected. Here, we combine socioeconomic surveys of 3,008 households and intersectoral multi-model simulation outputs to conduct a sub-national analysis of the potential impacts of climate change on fisheries and agriculture in 72 coastal communities across five Indo-Pacific countries (Indonesia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Tanzania). Our study reveals three key findings: First, overall potential losses to fisheries are higher than potential losses to agriculture. Second, while most locations (> 2/3) will experience potential losses to both fisheries and agriculture simultaneously, climate change mitigation could reduce the proportion of places facing that double burden. Third, potential impacts are more likely in communities with lower socioeconomic status.

While, quantifying trophic interactions is a critical path to understanding and forecasting ecosystem functioning, fitting trophic models to field data remains challenging. It requires flexible statistical tools to combine different sources of information from the literature and fieldwork samples. We present EcoDiet, a hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework to simultaneously estimate food-web topology and diet composition of all consumers in the food web, by combining (i) a priori knowledge from the literature on both food-web topology and diet proportions; (ii) stomach content analyses, with frequencies of prey occurrence used as the primary source of data to update the prior knowledge on the topological food-web structure; (iii) and biotracers data through a mixing model (MM). Inferences are derived in a Bayesian probabilistic rationale that provides a formal way to incorporate prior information and quantifies uncertainty around both the topological structure of the food web and the dietary proportions. EcoDiet was implemented as an open-source R package, providing a user-friendly interface to execute the model as well as examples and guidelines to familiarize with its use. We used simulated data to demonstrate the benefits of EcoDiet and how the framework can improve inferences on diet matrix by comparison with classical network MM. We applied EcoDiet to the Celtic Sea ecosystem, and showed how combining multiple data types within an integrated approach provides a more robust and holistic picture of the food-web topology and diet matrices than the literature or classical MM approach alone. EcoDiet has the potential to become a reference method for building diet matrices as a preliminary step of ecosystem modeling and to improve our understanding of prey-predator interactions.

Climate change is expected to profoundly affect key food production sectors, including fisheries and agriculture. However, the potential impacts of climate change on these sectors are rarely considered jointly, especially below national scales, which can mask substantial variability in how communities will be affected. Here, we combine socioeconomic surveys of 3,008 households and intersectoral multi-model simulation outputs to conduct a sub-national analysis of the potential impacts of climate change on fisheries and agriculture in 72 coastal communities across five Indo-Pacific countries (Indonesia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Tanzania). Our study reveals three key findings: First, overall potential losses to fisheries are higher than potential losses to agriculture. Second, while most locations (> 2/3) will experience potential losses to both fisheries and agriculture simultaneously, climate change mitigation could reduce the proportion of places facing that double burden. Third, potential impacts are more likely in communities with lower socioeconomic statu