19 results on '"Garwood, Holly"'
Search Results
2. Adaptive Behaviour and Cognitive Skills: Stability and Change from 7 Months to 7 Years in Siblings at High Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Salomone, Erica, Shephard, Elizabeth, Milosavljevic, Bosiljka, Johnson, Mark H., Charman, Tony, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bedford, Rachael, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Gliga, Teodora, Hudry, Kristelle, Jones, Emily J. H., Pasco, Greg, Pickles, Andrew, Tucker, Leslie, and Volein, Agnes
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Cognitive and adaptive behaviour abilities early in life provide important clinical prognostic information. We examined stability of such skills in children at high familial risk for ASD who either met diagnostic criteria for ASD at age 7 years (HR-ASD, n = 15) or did not (HR-non-ASD, n = 24) and low-risk control children (LR, n = 37), prospectively studied from infancy. For both HR groups, cognitive skills were consistently lower across time than those of LR children. HR-ASD children showed increasing difficulties in adaptive behaviour over time compared to LR children, while the HR-non-ASD children showed no such difficulties. This pattern of change may inform our understanding of developmental profiles of HR siblings beyond core ASD symptoms.
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- 2018
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3. EEG functional connectivity in infants at elevated familial likelihood for autism spectrum disorder.
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O'Reilly, Christian, Huberty, Scott, van Noordt, Stefon, Desjardins, James, Wright, Nicky, Scorah, Julie, Webb, Sara Jane, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Charman, Tony, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Hudryx, Kristelle, Johnson, Mark H., Tucker, Leslie, and Volein, Agnes
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AUTISM spectrum disorders ,FUNCTIONAL connectivity ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY ,INFANTS - Abstract
Background: Many studies have reported that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical structural and functional connectivity. However, we know relatively little about the development of these differences in infancy. Methods: We used a high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset pooled from two independent infant sibling cohorts, to characterize such neurodevelopmental deviations during the first years of life. EEG was recorded at 6 and 12 months of age in infants at typical (N = 92) or elevated likelihood for ASD (N = 90), determined by the presence of an older sibling with ASD. We computed the functional connectivity between cortical sources of EEG during video watching using the corrected imaginary part of phase-locking values. Results: Our main analysis found no significant association between functional connectivity and ASD, showing only significant effects for age, sex, age-sex interaction, and site. Given these null results, we performed an exploratory analysis and observed, at 12 months, a negative correlation between functional connectivity and ADOS calibrated severity scores for restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRB). Limitations: The small sample of ASD participants inherent to sibling studies limits diagnostic group comparisons. Also, results from our secondary exploratory analysis should be considered only as potential relationships to further explore, given their increased vulnerability to false positives. Conclusions: These results are inconclusive concerning an association between EEG functional connectivity and ASD in infancy. Exploratory analyses provided preliminary support for a relationship between RRB and functional connectivity specifically, but these preliminary observations need corroboration on larger samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Behavioural markers for autism in infancy: Scores on the Autism Observational Scale for Infants in a prospective study of at-risk siblings
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Gammer, Isobel, Bedford, Rachael, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Garwood, Holly, Pasco, Greg, Tucker, Leslie, Volein, Agnes, Johnson, Mark H., and Charman, Tony
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- 2015
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5. Visual Processing Deficits in Children with Slow RAN Performance
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Stainthorp, Rhona, Stuart, Morag, Powell, Daisy, Quinlan, Philip, and Garwood, Holly
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Two groups of 8- to 10-year-olds differing in rapid automatized naming speed but matched for age, verbal and nonverbal ability, phonological awareness, phonological memory, and visual acuity participated in four experiments investigating early visual processing. As low RAN children had significantly slower simple reaction times (SRT) this was entered as a covariate in all subsequent data analyses. Low RAN children were significantly slower to make same/different judgments to simple visual features, non-nameable letter-like forms and letters, with difference in SRT controlled. Speed differences to letter-like forms and letters disappeared once RTs to simple visual features were controlled. We conclude that slow RAN children have difficulty in discriminating simple visual features that cannot be explained in terms of a more general speed of processing deficit, a deficit in making same/different judgments, or to differences in word reading ability. (Contains 4 figures, 9 tables, and 1 footnote.)
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- 2010
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6. Modulation of EEG theta by naturalistic social content is not altered in infants with family history of autism.
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Haartsen, Rianne, Charman, Tony, Pasco, Greg, Johnson, Mark H., Jones, Emily J. H., The BASIS Team, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bedford, Rachael, Blasi, Anna, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Cheung, Celeste, Davies, Kim, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Fernandes, Janice, Gammer, Issy, Garwood, Holly, Gliga, Teadora, Guiraud, Jeanne, and Hudry, Kirstelle
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AUTISTIC children ,INFANTS ,FAMILY history (Sociology) ,AUTISM ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY ,NEURAL development ,SOCIAL skills ,INFANT development - Abstract
Theta oscillations (spectral power and connectivity) are sensitive to the social content of an experience in typically developing infants, providing a possible marker of early social brain development. Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting early social behaviour, but links to underlying social brain function remain unclear. We explored whether modulations of theta spectral power and connectivity by naturalistic social content in infancy are related to family history for autism. Fourteen-month-old infants with (family history; FH; N = 75) and without (no family history; NFH; N = 26) a first-degree relative with autism watched social and non-social videos during EEG recording. We calculated theta (4–5 Hz) spectral power and connectivity modulations (social–non-social) and associated them with outcomes at 36 months. We replicated previous findings of increased theta power and connectivity during social compared to non-social videos. Theta modulations with social content were similar between groups, for both power and connectivity. Together, these findings suggest that neural responses to naturalistic social stimuli may not be strongly altered in 14-month-old infants with family history of autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Infant Effortful Control Mediates Relations Between Nondirective Parenting and Internalising-Related Child Behaviours in an Autism-Enriched Infant Cohort.
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Smith, C. G., Jones, E. J. H., Wass, S. V., Pasco, G., Johnson, M. H., Charman, T., Wan, M. W., The BASIS Team, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Blasi, Anna, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Cheung, Celestee, Davies, Kim, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Fernandes, Janice, Gammer, Isabel, Garwood, Holly, Gliga, Teodora, and Green, Jonathan
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SELF-management (Psychology) ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,CHILD behavior ,PARENTING ,PARENT-infant relationships ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,AUTISM ,TEMPERAMENT ,FACTOR analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INFANT psychology ,ANXIETY ,DATA analysis software ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Internalising problems are common within Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); early intervention to support those with emerging signs may be warranted. One promising signal lies in how individual differences in temperament are shaped by parenting. Our longitudinal study of infants with and without an older sibling with ASD investigated how parenting associates with infant behavioural inhibition (8–14 months) and later effortful control (24 months) in relation to 3-year internalising symptoms. Mediation analyses suggest nondirective parenting (8 months) was related to fewer internalising problems through an increase in effortful control. Parenting did not moderate the stable predictive relation of behavioural inhibition on later internalising. We discuss the potential for parenting to strengthen protective factors against internalising in infants from an ASD-enriched cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Infant regulatory function acts as a protective factor for later traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder but not callous unemotional traits
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Bedford, Rachael, Gliga, Teodora, Hendry, Alexandra, Jones, Emily J. H., Pasco, Greg, Charman, Tony, Johnson, Mark H., Pickles, Andrew, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick, Milosavljevic, Bosiljka, Chandler, Susie, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Hudry, Kristelle, Shephard, Elizabeth, Tucker, Leslie, Volein, Agnes, Bedford, Rachael [0000-0002-8581-055X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Executive function ,Research ,mental disorders ,Callous unemotional traits ,Infants at risk ,Regulatory function ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ,behavioral disciplines and activities - Abstract
Background: Reduced executive functions (EF) are commonly associated with developmental conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, ASD; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD), although EF seems to be typical in children with callous unemotional (CU) traits. Regulatory function (RF) is a proposed infant precursor that maps on onto factors driving later EF. Here, we first test whether RF is specifically and negatively associated with ASD and ADHD traits, but not CU traits. Second, we test whether RF can act as a protective factor, by moderating the association between infant markers and subsequent ASD and ADHD traits. Methods: Participants were 79 infants at high (N = 42) and low (N = 37) familial risk for ASD. Data come from the 14-month infant visit (Autism Observational Scale for Infants; AOSI; activity level and RF from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire; IBQ) and the 7-year visit (ASD traits: Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS; ADHD traits: Conners 3, CU traits: Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits). Results: Infant RF was negatively associated with later traits of ASD (B = − 0.5, p = 0.01) and ADHD inattention (B = − 0.24, p = 0.02) but not hyperactivity (B = − 0.25, p = 0.10) or CU traits (B = 0.02, p = 0.86). RF moderated the association between infant AOSI score and ASD traits, with a significant effect in those with low RF (B = 0.10, p = 0.006), not high RF (B = 0.01, p = 0.78). Similarly, for ADHD, infant activity level was associated with later ADHD inattention in those with low (B = 0.17, p = 0.04) but not high RF (B = 0.07, p = 0.48). For ADHD hyperactivity symptoms, activity level was predictive at both high and low levels of RF. Conclusions: Strong RF may allow children to compensate for other atypicalities, thus attenuating the association between infant markers and later disorder traits. Whilst infant RF was associated with both ASD and ADHD inattention traits, there was no association with ADHD hyperactivity or CU traits. This suggests that any protective effect may not be universal and emphasises the need for a better understanding of the underlying moderating mechanisms.
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- 2020
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9. An experimental comparison between rival theories of rapid automatized naming performance and its relationship to reading
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Powell, Daisy, Stainthorp, Rhona, Stuart, Morag, Garwood, Holly, and Quinlan, Philip
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Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2007.04.003 Byline: Daisy Powell (a), Rhona Stainthorp (a), Morag Stuart (a), Holly Garwood (a), Philip Quinlan (b) Keywords: Reading development; Visual word recognition; Rapid automatized naming; Phonological processes; Speed of processing Abstract: Two studies investigated the degree to which the relationship between rapid automatized naming (RAN) performance and reading development is driven by shared phonological processes. Study 1 assessed RAN, phonological awareness, and reading performance in 1010 7- to 10-year-olds. Results showed that RAN deficits occurred in the absence of phonological awareness deficits. These were accompanied by modest reading delays. In structural equation modeling, solutions where RAN was subsumed within a phonological processing factor did not provide a good fit to the data, suggesting that processes outside phonology may drive RAN performance and its association with reading. Study 2 investigated Kail's proposal that speed of processing underlies this relationship. Children with single RAN deficits showed slower speed of processing than did closely matched controls performing normally on RAN. However, regression analysis revealed that RAN made a unique contribution to reading even after accounting for processing speed. Theoretical implications are discussed. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AA, UK (b) Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Article History: Received 30 January 2007; Revised 20 April 2007
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- 2007
10. Neural and behavioural indices of face processing in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A longitudinal study from infancy to mid-childhood
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Shephard, Elizabeth, primary, Milosavljevic, Bosiljka, additional, Mason, Luke, additional, Elsabbagh, Mayada, additional, Tye, Charlotte, additional, Gliga, Teodora, additional, Jones, Emily JH., additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Johnson, Mark H., additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Bedford, Rachael, additional, Bolton, Patrick, additional, Chandler, Susie, additional, Fernandes, Janice, additional, Garwood, Holly, additional, Hudry, Kristelle, additional, Pasco, Greg, additional, Pickles, Andrew, additional, Tucker, Leslie, additional, and Volein, Agnes, additional
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- 2020
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11. The relationship between phonological awareness, phonological memory, Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and reading in monolingual and bilingual English children
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Stainthorp, Rhona, Powell, Daisy, Stuart, Morag, Quinlan, Philip, and Garwood, Holly
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- 2008
12. Latent trajectories of adaptive behaviour in infants at high and low familial risk for autism spectrum disorder
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Bussu, Giorgia, Jones, Emily J.H., Charman, Tony, Johnson, Mark H., Buitelaar, Jan K., Blasi, Anna, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bedford, Rachael, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Cheung, Celeste, Davies, Kim, Fernandes, Janice, Gammer, Isobel, Garwood, Holly, Giraud, Jeanne, Gui, Anna, Hudry, Kristelle, Lieu, Michelle, Mercure, Evelyne, Lloyd-Fox, Sarah, Maris, Helen, O'Hara, Louise, Pickles, Andrew, Ribeiro, Helena, Salomone, Erica, Tucker, Leslie, Volein, Agnes, Bussu, G, Jones, E, Charman, T, Johnson, M, Buitelaar, J, Blasi, A, Baron-Cohen, S, Bedford, R, Bolton, P, Chandler, S, Cheung, C, Davies, K, Fernandes, J, Gammer, I, Garwood, H, Giraud, J, Gui, A, Hudry, K, Lieu, M, Mercure, E, Lloyd-Fox, S, Maris, H, O'Hara, L, Pickles, A, Ribeiro, H, Salomone, E, Tucker, L, Volein, A, Bussu, Giorgia [0000-0002-6071-3964], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Male ,Infant siblings ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Infant sibling ,Autism ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,Developmental psychology ,Adaptive behaviour ,Trajectories ,psyc ,03 medical and health sciences ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Cognitive development ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Cognitive skill ,Molecular Biology ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7] ,Research ,Subgroups ,Neuropsychology ,220 Statistical Imaging Neuroscience ,Infant ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale ,Subgroup ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Infant Behavior ,Female ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Trajectorie ,Developmental Biology ,Human - Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by persisting difficulties in everyday functioning. Adaptive behaviour is heterogeneous across individuals with ASD, and it is not clear to what extent early development of adaptive behaviour relates to ASD outcome in toddlerhood. This study aims to identify subgroups of infants based on early development of adaptive skills and investigate their association with later ASD outcome. Methods Adaptive behaviour was assessed on infants at high (n = 166) and low (n = 74) familial risk for ASD between 8 and 36 months using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-II). The four domains of VABS-II were modelled in parallel using growth mixture modelling to identify distinct classes of infants based on adaptive behaviour. Then, we associated class membership with clinical outcome and ASD symptoms at 36 months and longitudinal measures of cognitive development. Results We observed three classes characterised by decreasing trajectories below age-appropriate norms (8.3%), stable trajectories around age-appropriate norms (73.8%), and increasing trajectories reaching average scores by age 2 (17.9%). Infants with declining adaptive behaviour had a higher risk (odds ratio (OR) = 4.40; confidence interval (CI) 1.90; 12.98) for ASD and higher parent-reported symptoms in the social, communication, and repetitive behaviour domains at 36 months. Furthermore, there was a discrepancy between adaptive and cognitive functioning as the class with improving adaptive skills showed stable cognitive development around average scores. Conclusions Findings confirm the heterogeneity of trajectories of adaptive functioning in infancy, with a higher risk for ASD in toddlerhood linked to a plateau in the development of adaptive functioning after the first year of life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-019-0264-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2019
13. Brief Report: Associations Between Cognitive Control Processes and Traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Anxiety in Children at Elevated and Typical Familial Likelihood for ASD.
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Godoy, Priscilla B. G., Shephard, Elizabeth, Milosavljevic, Bosiljka, Johnson, Mark H., Charman, Tony, The BASIS Team, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bedford, Rachael, Bolton, Patrick F., Chandler, Susie, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Gliga, Teodora, Hudry, Kristelle, Jones, Emily J. H., Pasco, Greg, Pickles, Andrew, Tucker, Leslie, and Volein, Agnes
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EXECUTIVE function ,THOUGHT & thinking ,COGNITION ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,RISK assessment ,CONFLICT management ,AUTISM ,ANXIETY ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Shared difficulties with cognitive control may play a role in co-occurring mental health problems frequently observed in autistic children. We investigated how different cognitive control processes (inhibitory control, conflict resolution, cognitive flexibility) associated with traits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety in 7-year-old children at elevated (n = 44) and typical (n = 37) familial likelihood for ASD. Poor inhibitory control was associated with higher ADHD traits. Better inhibitory control and poorer cognitive flexibility predicted higher anxiety traits. Cognitive control processes were not associated dimensionally with autistic traits, though better conflict resolution predicted greater likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for ASD in categorical analysis. These findings suggest that different cognitive control alterations are associated with ASD, ADHD and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. Adaptive Behaviour and Cognitive Skills: Stability and Change from 7 Months to 7 Years in Siblings at High Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Salomone, E, Shephard, E, Milosavljevic, B, Johnson, M, Charman, T, Baron-Cohen, S, Bedford, R, Bolton, P, Chandler, S, Elsabbagh, M, Fernandes, J, Garwood, H, Gliga, T, Hudry, K, Jones, E, Pasco, G, Pickles, A, Tucker, L, Volein, A, Salomone, Erica, Shephard, Elizabeth, Milosavljevic, Bosiljka, Johnson, Mark H., Charman, Tony, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bedford, Rachael, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Gliga, Teodora, Hudry, Kristelle, Jones, Emily J. H., Pasco, Greg, Pickles, Andrew, Tucker, Leslie, Volein, Agnes, Salomone, E, Shephard, E, Milosavljevic, B, Johnson, M, Charman, T, Baron-Cohen, S, Bedford, R, Bolton, P, Chandler, S, Elsabbagh, M, Fernandes, J, Garwood, H, Gliga, T, Hudry, K, Jones, E, Pasco, G, Pickles, A, Tucker, L, Volein, A, Salomone, Erica, Shephard, Elizabeth, Milosavljevic, Bosiljka, Johnson, Mark H., Charman, Tony, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bedford, Rachael, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Gliga, Teodora, Hudry, Kristelle, Jones, Emily J. H., Pasco, Greg, Pickles, Andrew, Tucker, Leslie, and Volein, Agnes
- Abstract
Cognitive and adaptive behaviour abilities early in life provide important clinical prognostic information. We examined stability of such skills in children at high familial risk for ASD who either met diagnostic criteria for ASD at age 7 years (HR-ASD, n = 15) or did not (HR-non-ASD, n = 24) and low-risk control children (LR, n = 37), prospectively studied from infancy. For both HR groups, cognitive skills were consistently lower across time than those of LR children. HR-ASD children showed increasing difficulties in adaptive behaviour over time compared to LR children, while the HR-non-ASD children showed no such difficulties. This pattern of change may inform our understanding of developmental profiles of HR siblings beyond core ASD symptoms.
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- 2018
15. Early developmental pathways to childhood symptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and autism spectrum disorder.
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Shephard, Elizabeth, Bedford, Rachael, Milosavljevic, Bosiljka, Gliga, Teodora, Jones, Emily J.H., Pickles, Andrew, Johnson, Mark H., Charman, Tony, Baron‐Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Hudry, Kristelle, Pasco, Greg, Tucker, Leslie, and Volein, Agnes
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ANXIETY diagnosis ,DIAGNOSIS of autism ,GENETICS of autism ,RISK factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,AUTISM risk factors ,ANXIETY risk factors ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,BASHFULNESS ,STATISTICAL correlation ,FEAR ,PATH analysis (Statistics) ,RISK assessment ,COMORBIDITY ,PARENT attitudes ,EXECUTIVE function ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have co‐occurring symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or anxiety. It is unclear whether these disorders arise from shared or distinct developmental pathways. We explored this question by testing the specificity of early‐life (infant and toddler) predictors of mid‐childhood ADHD and anxiety symptoms compared to ASD symptoms. Methods: Infants (n = 104) at high and low familial risk for ASD took part in research assessments at 7, 14, 24 and 38 months, and 7 years of age. Symptoms of ASD, ADHD and anxiety were measured by parent report at age 7. Activity levels and inhibitory control, also measured by parent report, in infancy and toddlerhood were used as early‐life predictors of ADHD symptoms. Fearfulness and shyness measured in infancy and toddlerhood were used as early‐life predictors of anxiety symptoms. Correlations and path analysis models tested associations between early‐life predictors and mid‐childhood ADHD and anxiety symptoms compared to mid‐childhood ASD symptoms, and the influence of controlling for ASD symptoms on those associations. Results: Increased activity levels and poor inhibitory control were correlated with ADHD symptoms and not ASD or anxiety; these associations were unchanged in path models controlling for risk‐group and ASD symptoms. Increased fearfulness and shyness were correlated with anxiety symptoms, but also ASD symptoms. When controlling for risk‐group in path analysis, the association between shyness and anxiety became nonsignificant, and when further controlling for ASD symptoms the association between fearfulness and anxiety became marginal. Conclusions: The specificity of early‐life predictors to ADHD symptoms suggests early developmental pathways to ADHD might be distinct from ASD. The overlap in early‐life predictors of anxiety and ASD suggests that these disorders are difficult to differentiate early in life, which could reflect the presence of common developmental pathways or convergence in early behavioural manifestations of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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16. Shorter spontaneous fixation durations in infants with later emerging autism
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Wass, Sam, Jones, Emily J.H, Gliga, Teodora, Smith, Tim, Charman, Tony, Johnson, Mark. H, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bedford, Rachael, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Davies, Kim, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Hudry, Kristelle, Maris, Helen, Pasco, Greg, Pickles, Andrew, Ribiero, Helena, Tucker, Leslie, Volein, Agnes, Wass, Sam, Jones, Emily J.H, Gliga, Teodora, Smith, Tim, Charman, Tony, Johnson, Mark. H, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bedford, Rachael, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Davies, Kim, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Hudry, Kristelle, Maris, Helen, Pasco, Greg, Pickles, Andrew, Ribiero, Helena, Tucker, Leslie, and Volein, Agnes
- Abstract
Little is known about how spontaneous attentional deployment differs on a millisecond-level scale in the early development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We measured fine-grained eye movement patterns in 6-to 9-month-old infants at high or low familial risk (HR/LR) of ASD while they viewed static images. We observed shorter fixation durations (i.e. the time interval between saccades) in HR than LR infants. Preliminary analyses indicate that these results were replicated in a second cohort of infants. Fixation durations were shortest in those infants who went on to receive an ASD diagnosis at 36 months. While these findings demonstrate early-developing atypicality in fine-grained measures of attentional deployment early in the etiology of ASD, the specificity of these effects to ASD remains to be determined.
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- 2015
17. Visual Processing Deficits in Children With Slow RAN Performance
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Stainthorp, Rhona, primary, Stuart, Morag, additional, Powell, Daisy, additional, Quinlan, Philip, additional, and Garwood, Holly, additional
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- 2010
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18. Neural Correlates of Eye Gaze Processing in the Infant Broader Autism Phenotype
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Elsabbagh, Mayada, primary, Volein, Agnes, additional, Csibra, Gergely, additional, Holmboe, Karla, additional, Garwood, Holly, additional, Tucker, Leslie, additional, Krljes, Sanya, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Bolton, Patrick, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Baird, Gillian, additional, and Johnson, Mark H., additional
- Published
- 2009
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19. Behavioural markers for autism in infancy: Scores on the Autism Observational Scale for Infants in a prospective study of at-risk siblings
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Gammer, Isobel, Bedford, Rachael, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Garwood, Holly, Pasco, Greg, Tucker, Leslie, Volein, Agnes, Johnson, Mark H., and Charman, Tony
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Male ,Psychometrics ,genetic structures ,High-risk siblings ,Autism ,Personality Assessment ,Risk Assessment ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,ASD ,psyc ,Full Length Article ,Early Medical Intervention ,mental disorders ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Autism observation scale for infants (AOSI) ,Siblings ,Infant ,Early Diagnosis ,Phenotype ,Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Early behavioural markers - Abstract
Highlights • Behavioural atypicalities in emergent ASD in infancy include both social and non-social behaviours. • Some of these atypicalities are found in HR siblings who do not go on to have ASD, supporting the notion of an early broader autism phenotype. • Understanding the interplay between different neurodevelopmental domains across the first years of life is important to understand developmental mechanisms and to develop early interventions., We investigated early behavioural markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Autism Observational Scale for Infants (AOSI) in a prospective familial high-risk (HR) sample of infant siblings (N = 54) and low-risk (LR) controls (N = 50). The AOSI was completed at 7 and 14 month infant visits and children were seen again at age 24 and 36 months. Diagnostic outcome of ASD (HR-ASD) versus no ASD (HR-No ASD) was determined for the HR sample at the latter timepoint. The HR group scored higher than the LR group at 7 months and marginally but non-significantly higher than the LR group at 14 months, although these differences did not remain when verbal and nonverbal developmental level were covaried. The HR-ASD outcome group had higher AOSI scores than the LR group at 14 months but not 7 months, even when developmental level was taken into account. The HR-No ASD outcome group had scores intermediate between the HR-ASD and LR groups. At both timepoints a few individual items were higher in the HR-ASD and HR-No ASD outcome groups compared to the LR group and these included both social (e.g. orienting to name) and non-social (e.g. visual tracking) behaviours. AOSI scores at 14 months but not at 7 months were moderately correlated with later scores on the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) suggesting continuity of autistic-like behavioural atypicality but only from the second and not first year of life. The scores of HR siblings who did not go on to have ASD were intermediate between the HR-ASD outcome and LR groups, consistent with the notion of a broader autism phenotype.
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