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A fundamental challenge in modern physics is bridging the gap between an exact description of few-body microscopic systems and the emergent description of many-body macroscopic systems. This gap may be bridged by tracing the properties of well-controlled intermediate-size mesoscopic systems. Here, we study mesoscopic signatures of a spatial self-organization phase transition in deterministically prepared arrays of between 10 and 22 atoms inside an optical cavity. Through precise engineering of the atom-cavity interactions, we reveal how critical behavior depends on atom number. We identify characteristic dynamical behaviors related to symmetry breaking and system size in the self-organized regime, and observe a finite optomechanical susceptibility at the critical point. This work opens the door to probing particle-number- and time-resolved properties of phase transitions in mesoscopic systems., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures

We propose the use of collective states of matter as a resource for the deterministic generation of quantum states of light, which are fundamental for quantum information technologies. Our minimal model consists of three emitters coupled to a half-waveguide, i.e., a one-dimensional waveguide terminated by a mirror. Photon-mediated interactions between the emitters result in the emergence of bright and dark states. The dark states form a decoherence-free subspace, protected from dissipation. Local driving of the emitters and control of their resonance frequencies allows to perform arbitrary quantum gates within the decoherence-free subspace. Coupling to bright states facilitates photon emission, thereby enabling the realization of quantum gates between light and matter. We demonstrate that sequential application of these gates leads to the generation of photonic entangled states, such as Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and one- and two-dimensional cluster states.

We present a theoretical framework for 'collective transition quenching', a quantum many-body dissipative phenomenon that occurs in systems with multiple collective decay channels. Despite the competition, interactions suppress all but the dominant decay transition, leading to a 'winner takes all' dynamic where the system primarily settles into the dominant ground state. We prove that, in the presence of permutation symmetry, this problem is exactly solvable for any number of competing channels. Additionally, we develop an approximate model for the dynamics by mapping the evolution into a continuity equation for a fluid, and show analytically that the dominant transition ratio converges to unity with increasing system size as a power-law, for any branching ratio. This near-deterministic preparation of the dominant ground state has broad applicability. As an example we discuss a protocol for molecular photoassociation where collective dynamics effectively acts as a catalyst, amplifying the yield in a particular final state. Our results open new avenues for many-body strategies in the preparation and control of quantum systems., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Quantum systems are open, continually exchanging energy and information with the surrounding environment. This interaction leads to decoherence and decay of quantum states. In complex systems, formed by many particles, decay can become correlated and enhanced. A fundamental question then arises: what is the maximal decay rate of a large quantum system, and how does it scale with its size? In this work, we address these issues by reformulating the problem into finding the ground state energy of a generic spin Hamiltonian. Inspired by recent work in Hamiltonian complexity theory, we establish rigorous and general upper and lower bounds on the maximal decay rate. These bounds are universal, as they hold for a broad class of Markovian many-body quantum systems. For many physically-relevant systems, the bounds are asymptotically tight, resulting in exact scaling laws with system size. Specifically, for large atomic arrays in free space, these scalings depend only on the arrays' dimensionality and are insensitive to details at short length-scales. The scaling laws establish fundamental limits on the decay rates of quantum states and offer valuable insights for research in many-body quantum dynamics, metrology, and fault tolerant quantum computation.

Subwavelength atomic arrays in free space are becoming a leading platform for exploring emergent many-body quantum phenomena. These arrays feature strong light-induced dipole-dipole interactions, resulting in subradiant collective resonances characterized by narrowed linewidths. In this work, we present a sideband cooling scheme for atoms trapped in subwavelength arrays that utilizes these narrow collective resonances. We derive an effective master equation for the atomic motion by adiabatically eliminating the internal degrees of freedom of the atoms, and validate its prediction with numerical simulations of the full system. Our results demonstrate that subradiant resonances enable the cooling of ensembles of atoms to temperatures lower than those achievable without dipole interactions, provided the atoms have different trap frequencies. Remarkably, narrow collective resonances can be sideband-resolved even when the individual atomic transition is not. In such scenarios, ground state cooling becomes feasible solely due to light-induced dipole-dipole interactions. This approach could be utilized for future quantum technologies based on dense ensembles of emitters, and paves the way towards harnessing many-body cooperative decay for enhanced motional control., Comment: 10 pages of main text and appendix, with 4 figures. 9 pages of Supplemental Material, with 4 figures

Optical networks are the leading platform for the transfer of information due to their low loss and ability to scale to many information channels using optical frequency modes. To fully leverage the quantum properties of light in this platform, it is desired to manipulate higher-dimensional superpositions by orchestrating linear, beamsplitter-type interactions between several channels simultaneously. We propose a method of achieving simultaneous, all-to-all coupling between N optical frequency modes via N-way Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing. By exploiting the frequency degree of freedom, additional modes can be multiplexed in an interaction medium of fixed volume and loss, avoiding the introduction of excess noise. We generalize the theory of the frequency-encoded two-mode interaction to N modes under this four-wave mixing approach and experimentally verify the quantum nature of this scheme by demonstrating three-way multiphoton interference. The two input photons are shared among three frequency modes and display interference differing from that of two classical (coherent-state) inputs. These results show the potential of our approach for the scalability of photonic quantum information processing to general N-mode systems in the frequency domain.

Methods.We applied distinct selection criteria to attain an SFG sample with minimal AGN contamination. Multiple approaches were used to estimate the intrinsic extinction, SFR and gas-phase metallicity for the SFGs. In conjunction with findings in the literature, we examined the correlation between SFRs and stellar masses ($M_*$), as well as the metallicity evolution depending on $M_*$. Finally, the 3D relationship between $M_*$, SFR and metallicity, is also studied.} Results. From the initial spectroscopic sample of 409 FIR-selected objects from the Lockman--SpReSO catalogue, 69 (17\%) AGNs have been identified and excluded, which is nearly double the percentage found in local studies, leaving a sample of 340 SFGs. The analysis of the $M_*$--SFR relationship revealed that Lockman--SpReSO IR-selected SFGs show signs of evolution at redshifts $z>0.4$, shifting above the main sequence, with a mean value of $\sim0.4$ dex. They are located within the starburst galaxy region since 78\% of the galaxies fall into this category. In addition, no evident flattening was found in the relation to specific SFR with redshift for $\log M_* (M_\odot) \gtrsim 10.5$. In line with the $M_*$--metallicity relation (MZR) outcomes published in previous studies for optically selected SFGs, however, during the analysis of the MZR, it was found that IR-selected SFGs exhibit lower metallicities than those anticipated on the basis of their $M_*$ and redshift. During the investigation of the 3D $M_*$--SFR--metallicity relation (FP), it was established that the research sample is consistent with relations in the existing literature, with an average scatter of $\sim0.2$ dex. However, a re-calibration of the FP when using the SFR obtained from the IR luminosity is required and, in this case, no attenuation in the correlation for $\log M_* (M_\odot) \gtrsim 10.5$ is observed., Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures, accepted in A&A

In this paper, we revisit the data for the galaxy cluster ZwCl 0024.0+1652 provided by the GLACE survey and study the mass--metallicity function and its relationship with the environment. Here we describe an alternative way to reduce the data from OSIRIS tunable filters. This method gives us better uncertainties in the fluxes of the emission lines and the derived quantities. We present an updated catalogue of cluster galaxies with emission in H$\alpha$ and [N\,{\sc{ii}}] $\lambda\lambda$6548,6583. We also discuss the biases of these new fluxes and describe the way in which we calculated the mass--metallicity relationship and its uncertainties. We generated a new catalogue of 84 emission-line galaxies with reliable fluxes in [N\,{\sc{ii}}] and H$\alpha$ lines from a list of 174 galaxies. We find a relationship between the clustercentric radius and the density of galaxies. We derived the mass--metallicity relationship for ZwCl 0024.0+1652 and compared it with clusters and field galaxies from the literature. We find a difference in the mass--metallicity relationship when compared to more massive clusters, with the latter showing on average higher values of abundance. This could be an effect of the quenching of the star formation, which seems to be more prevalent in low-mass galaxies in more massive clusters. We find little to no difference between ZwCl 0024.0+1652 galaxies and field galaxies located at the same redshift., Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Thanks to evolving cellular telecommunication networks, providers can deploy a wide range of services. Soon, 5G mobile networks will be available to handle all types of services and applications for vast numbers of users through their mobile equipment. To effectively manage new 5G systems, end-to-end (E2E) performance analysis and optimization will be key features. However, estimating the end-user experience is not an easy task for network operators. The amount of end-user performance information operators can measure from the network is limited, complicating this approach. Here we explore the calculation of service metrics [known as key quality indicators (KQIs)] from classic low-layer measurements and parameters. We propose a complete machine-learning (ML) modeling framework. This system's low-layer metrics can be applied to measure service-layer performance. To assess the approach, we implemented and evaluated the proposed system on a real cellular network testbed.

Methods. We performed measurements of the \MgII, \MgI, \FeIIa, \FeIIb, and \FeIIc\ spectral lines present in the spectra of the selected sample to determine the EW and velocity of the flows observed in the star-forming galaxies. Subsequently, we conducted $10^7$ bootstrap simulations using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ($\rho_s$) to explore correlations with galaxy properties. Furthermore, we calculated the covering factor, gas density, and optical depth for the measured \ion{Fe}{II} doublets. Results. Our analysis revealed strong correlations between the EW of \ion{Mg}{II} lines and both $M_{*}$ ($\rho_s=0.43$, 4.5$\sigma$) and SFR ($\rho_s=0.42$, 4.4$\sigma$). For the \ion{Fe}{II} lines, we observed strong correlations between the EW and SFR ($\rho_s\sim0.65$, $>3.9\sigma$), with a weaker correlation for $M_{*}$ ($\rho_s\sim0.35$, $>1.9\sigma$). No notable correlations were found between velocity measurements of \ion{Mg}{II} line and $M_{*}$, SFR, or sSFR of the objects ($\rho_s\sim0.1)$. However, a negative strong correlation was found between the velocity of the \ion{Fe}{II} lines and the SFR of the galaxies ($\rho_s\sim-0.45$, $\sim3\sigma$). Our results align with previous studies but studying FIR-selected objects. Finally, we detected a candidate \textit{loitering outflow}, a recently discovered subtype of FeLoBAL quasar, at redshift of $z=1.4399$, exhibiting emission in \ion{C}{III}] and low line velocities ($|v|\lesssim$ 200 km/s)., Comment: 25 pages, 31 figures

Atoms are not two-level systems, and their rich internal structure often leads to complex phenomena in the presence of light. Here, we analyze off-resonant light scattering including the full hyperfine and magnetic structure. We find a set of frequency detunings where the induced atomic dipole is the same irrespective of the Zeeman state, and where two-photon transitions that alter the atomic state turn off. For alkali atoms and alkaline-earth ions, if the hyperfine splitting is dominated by the magnetic dipole moment contribution, these detunings approximately coincide. Therefore, at a given ``magical'' detuning, all Zeeman states in a hyperfine manifold behave almost identically, and can be traced out to good approximation. This feature prevents state decoherence due to light scattering, which impacts quantum optics experiments and quantum information applications., Comment: 12+9 pages, 4+1 figures, 2 tables. This version is in line with the published version

We realize collective enhancement and suppression of light scattered by an array of tweezer-trapped $^{87}$Rb atoms positioned within a strongly coupled Fabry-P\'{e}rot optical cavity. We illuminate the array with light directed transverse to the cavity axis, in the low saturation regime, and detect photons scattered into the cavity. For an array with integer-optical-wavelength spacing each atom scatters light into the cavity with nearly identical scattering amplitude, leading to an observed $N^2$ scaling of cavity photon number as the atom number increases stepwise from $N=1$ to $N=8$. By contrast, for an array with half-integer-wavelength spacing, destructive interference of scattering amplitudes yields a non-monotonic, sub-radiant cavity intensity versus $N$. By analyzing the polarization of light emitted from the cavity, we find that Rayleigh scattering can be collectively enhanced or suppressed with respect to Raman scattering. We observe also that atom-induced shifts and broadenings of the cavity resonance are precisely tuned by varying the atom number and positions. Altogether, tweezer arrays provide exquisite control of atomic cavity QED spanning from the single- to the many-body regime.

In perovskite solar cells (PSCs) energy levels alignment and charge extraction at the interfaces are the essential factors directly affecting the device performance. In this work, we present a modified interface between all-inorganic CsPbI$_3$ perovskite and its hole selective contact (Spiro-OMeTAD), realized by a dipole molecule trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), to align the energy levels. On a passivated perovskite film, by n-Octyl ammonium Iodide (OAI), we created an upward surface band-bending at the interface by TOPO treatment. This improved interface by the dipole molecule induces a better energy level alignment and enhances the charge extraction of holes from the perovskite layer to the hole transport material. Consequently, a Voc of 1.2 V and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 19% were achieved for inorganic CsPbI$_3$ perovskite solar cells. Further, to demonstrate the effect of the TOPO dipole molecule, we present a layer-by-layer charge extraction study by transient surface photovoltage technique (trSPV) accomplished by charge transport simulation., Comment: 20 pages, 4 Figures

We study temporal oscillations, known as dynamical beats, developed by a propagating pulse due to its interaction with a near-resonant collective medium of $^{133}$Cs atoms randomly captured by a nanofiber-based optical lattice. A phenomenological theory provides an intuitive explanation and quantitative predictions, which are improved by an input-output theory considering multiple-scattering between the atoms. The results deepen our understanding of light propagation in waveguide QED, essential in time-frequency analysis and light engineering for probing, manipulating, and exploiting many-body quantum systems.

In inverted atomic ensembles, photon-mediated interactions give rise to Dicke superradiance, a form of many-body decay that results in a rapid release of energy as a photon burst. While originally studied in pointlike ensembles, this phenomenon persists in extended ordered systems if the inter-particle distance is below a certain bound. Here, we investigate Dicke superradiance in a realistic experimental setting using ordered arrays of alkaline-earth(-like) atoms, such as strontium and ytterbium. Such atoms offer exciting new opportunities for light-matter interactions as their internal structure allows for trapping at short interatomic distances compared to their long-wavelength transitions, providing the potential for collectively enhanced dissipative interactions. Despite their intricate electronic structure, we show that two-dimensional arrays of these atomic species should exhibit many-body superradiance for achievable lattice constants. Moreover, superradiance effectively ``closes'' transitions, such that multilevel atoms become more two-level like. This occurs because the avalanchelike decay funnels the emission of most photons into the dominant transition, overcoming the single-atom decay ratios dictated by their fine structure and Zeeman branching. Our work represents an important step in harnessing alkaline-earth atoms as quantum optical sources and as platforms to explore many-body dissipative dynamics., Comment: 10 + 9 pages, 7 + 3 figures, 2 tables. This version is in line with the published version

Photon-mediated interactions within an excited ensemble of emitters can result in Dicke superradiance, where the emission rate is greatly enhanced, manifesting as a high-intensity burst at short times. The superradiant burst is most commonly observed in systems with long-range interactions between the emitters, although the minimal interaction range remains unknown. Here, we put forward a new theoretical method to bound the maximum emission rate by upper bounding the spectral radius of an auxiliary Hamiltonian. We harness this tool to prove that for an arbitrary ordered array with only nearest-neighbor interactions in all dimensions, a superradiant burst is not physically observable. We show that Dicke superradiance requires minimally the inclusion of next-nearest-neighbor interactions. For exponentially decaying interactions, the critical coupling is found to be asymptotically independent of the number of emitters in all dimensions, thereby defining the threshold interaction range where the collective enhancement balances out the decoherence effects. Our findings provide key physical insights to the understanding of collective decay in many-body quantum systems, and the designing of superradiant emission in physical systems for applications such as energy harvesting and quantum sensing., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

We propose metasurface holograms as a novel platform to generate optical trap arrays for cold atoms with high fidelity, efficiency, and thermal stability. We developed design and fabrication methodologies to create dielectric, phase-only metasurface holograms based on titanium dioxide. We experimentally demonstrated optical trap arrays of various geometries, including periodic and aperiodic configurations with dimensions ranging from 1D to 3D and the number of trap sites up to a few hundred. We characterized the performance of the holographic metasurfaces in terms of the positioning accuracy, size and intensity uniformity of the generated traps, and power handling capability of the dielectric metasurfaces. Our proposed platform has great potential for enabling fundamental studies of quantum many-body physics, and quantum simulation and computation tasks. The compact form factor, passive nature, good power handling capability, and scalability of generating high-quality, large-scale arrays also make the metasurface platform uniquely suitable for realizing field-deployable devices and systems based on cold atoms.

The many-body decay of extended collections of two-level systems remains an open problem. Here, we investigate whether an array of emitters coupled to a one-dimensional bath undergoes Dicke superradiance. This is a process whereby a completely inverted system becomes correlated via dissipation, leading to the release of all the energy in the form of a rapid photon burst. We derive the minimal conditions for the burst to happen as a function of the number of emitters, the chirality of the waveguide, and the single-emitter optical depth, both for ordered and disordered ensembles. Many-body superradiance occurs because the initial fluctuation that triggers the emission is amplified throughout the decay process. In one-dimensional baths, this avalanchelike behavior leads to a spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking, with large shot-to-shot fluctuations in the number of photons emitted to the left and right. Superradiant bursts may thus be a smoking gun for the generation of correlated photon states of exotic quantum statistics., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures

Subradiant excited states in finite chains of two-level quantum emitters coupled to a one-dimensional reservoir are a resource for superior photon storage and controlled photon manipulation. Typically, states storing multiple excitations exhibit fermionic correlations and are thus characterized by an anti-symmetric wavefunction, which makes them hard to prepare experimentally. Here we identify a class of quasi-localized dark states with up to half of the qubits excited, which appear for lattice constants that are an integer multiple of the guided-mode wavelength. They allow for a high-fidelity preparation and minimally invasive read out in state-of-the-art setups. In particular, we suggest an experimental implementation using a coplanar wave-guide coupled to superconducting transmon qubits on a chip. As free space and intrinsic losses are minimal, virtually perfect dark states can be achieved even for a low number of qubits, enabling fast preparation and manipulation with high fidelity., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

When a broadband signal propagates through a dispersive medium, some frequency components move faster than the center of the pulse. This leads to the appearance of precursors, transient signals that emerge from the medium earlier than the main part of the pulse and seem to propagate superluminally. Here, we investigate the microscopic origin of precursors in a minimal setup: an array of qubits coupled to a waveguide. The linear transmission function only converges to that of a continuous medium for large qubit numbers. Nevertheless, the dispersion produced by only two qubits is enough to produce oscillatory transients. Precursors are best observed under conditions of electromagnetically-induced transparency, as the center of the pulse is significantly delayed. Under these conditions, just a single qutrit is enough to generate a precursor. Our results pave the way towards dispersion engineering of light with just a few qubits, and can be realized with superconducting qubits coupled to transmission lines or atoms coupled to optical waveguides., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

Dicke superradiance in ordered atomic arrays is a phenomenon where atomic synchronization gives rise to a burst in photon emission. This superradiant burst only occurs if there is one -- or just a few -- dominant decay channels. For a fixed atom number, this happens only below a critical interatomic distance. Here we show that array dimensionality is the determinant factor that drives superradiance. In 2D and 3D arrays, superradiance occurs due to constructive interference, which grows stronger with atom number. This leads to a critical distance that scales sublogarithmically with atom number in 2D, and as a power law in 3D. In 1D arrays, superradiance occurs due to destructive interference that effectively switches off certain decay channels, yielding a critical distance that saturates with atom number. Our results provide a guide to explore many-body decay in state-of-the art experimental setups., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. This version is in line with the published version

Bacterial biofilms can initiate chronic infections that become difficult to eradicate. There is an unmet need for effective therapeutic strategies that control and inhibit the growth of these biofilms. Herein, light sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with photothermal (PTT) and antimicrobial combined capabilities have been developed. These nanosystems have high therapeutic potential to affect the bacterial biofilm architecture and subsequently inhibit its growth. Nucleation of gold nanorods followed by the growth of a silica shell leads to a core@shell design (AuNR@MSN) with PTT properties. Incorporation of nitrosothiol groups (-SNO) with a heat liable linker, enables an enhanced nitric oxide release upon photothermal stimulation with near infrared radiation. Further loading of an antimicrobial molecule such as the levofloxacin (LEVO) antibiotic creates a unique nanoassembly with potential therapeutic efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus bacterial biofilms. A dispersion rate of the bacterial biofilm was evident when light stimuli is applied because impregnation of the nitrosothiol functionalized nanosystem with the antibiotic LEVO led to ca. 30% reduction but its illumination with near infrared (NIR) irradiation showed a biofilm reduction of ca. 90%, indicating that localized antimicrobial exposure and PTT improves the therapeutic efficacy. These findings envision the conception of near-infraredactivated nanoparticle carriers capable of combined therapy upon NIR irradiation, which enables photothermal therapy, together with the release of levofloxacin and nitric oxide to disrupt the integrity of bacterial biofilms and achieve a potent antimicrobial therapy., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures

Context. Computational techniques are essential for mining large databases produced in modern surveys with value-added products. Aims. This paper presents a machine learning procedure to carry out simultaneously galaxy morphological classification and photometric redshift estimates. Currently, only spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting has been used to obtain these results all at once. Methods. We used the ancillary data gathered in the OTELO catalog and designed a non-sequential neural network that accepts optical and near-infrared photometry as input. The network transfers the results of the morphological classification task to the redshift fitting process to ensure consistency between both procedures. Results. The results successfully recover the morphological classification and the redshifts of the test sample, reducing catastrophic redshift outliers produced by SED fitting and avoiding possible discrepancies between independent classification and redshift estimates. Our technique may be adapted to include galaxy images to improve the classification., Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A) accepted

We present the analysis of a sample of \ha\,, \hb\ and \oii\ emission line galaxies from the \otelo\ survey, with masses typically below $log(M_*/M_\sun) \sim 9.4$ and redshifts between $z \sim 0.4$ and 1.43. We study the star formation rate, star formation rate density, and number density and their evolution with redshift. We obtain a robust estimate of the specific star formation rate -- stellar mass relation based on the lowest mass sample published so far. We also determine a flat trend of the star formation rate density and number density with redshift. Our results suggest a scenario of no evolution of the number density of galaxies, regardless of their masses, up to redshift $z\sim1.4$. This implies a gradual change of the relative importance of the star forming processes, from high-mass galaxies to low-mass galaxies, with decreasing redshift. We also find little or no variation of the star formation rate density in the redshift range of $0.4

Dicke superradiance is an example of emergence of macroscopic quantum coherence via correlated dissipation. Starting from an initially incoherent state, a collection of excited atoms synchronizes as they decay, generating a macroscopic dipole moment and emitting a short and intense pulse of light. While well understood in cavities, superradiance remains an open problem in extended systems due to the exponential growth of complexity with atom number. Here we show that Dicke superradiance is a universal phenomenon in ordered arrays. We present a theoretical framework -- which circumvents the exponential complexity of the problem -- that allows us to predict the critical distance beyond which Dicke superradiance disappears. This critical distance is highly dependent on the dimensionality and atom number. Our predictions can be tested in state of the art experiments with arrays of neutral atoms, molecules, and solid-state emitters and pave the way towards understanding the role of many-body decay in quantum simulation, metrology, and lasing., Comment: 7+9 pages, 4+4 figures. This version is in line with the published version

We study a sample of H$\beta$ emission line sources at $z\sim$0.9 to identify the star-forming (SF) galaxies sample and characterise them in terms of line luminosity, stellar mass, SFR, and morphology. The final aim is to obtain the H$\beta$ luminosity function (LF) of the SF galaxies at this redshift. We used the instrument OSIRIS at GTC to obtain the pseudo spectra of emission line sources in the OTELO field. From these pseudo spectra, we identified the objects with H$\beta$ emission. As the resolution of the pseudo spectra allowed us to separate H$\beta$ from O[III], we derive the H$\beta$ flux without contamination. Using data from the extended OTELO catalogue, we discriminated AGNs and studied the SFR, the stellar mass, and the morphology of the SF galaxies. We find that our sample is located on the main sequence of SF galaxies. The sources are morphologically classified, mostly as disc-like galaxies (76%), and 90% of the sample are low-mass galaxies ($M_*<10^{10}\;\mathrm{M}_\odot$). The low-mass SF galaxies at $z \sim 0.9$ that were detected by OTELO present similar properties as low-mass SF galaxies in the local universe, suggesting that these kinds of objects do not have a favorite epoch of formation and star formation enhancement from $z \sim 1$ to now. Our sample of 40 H$\beta$ SF galaxies includes the faintest H$\beta$ emitters detected so far. This allows us to constrain the faint end of the LF for the H$\beta$ line alone with a minimum luminosity of $\log L = 39 \;\mathrm{erg\,s}^{-1}$, which is a hundred times fainter than previous surveys. The dust-corrected OTELO H$\beta$ LF established the faint-end slope as $\alpha =-1.36\pm 0.15$. We increased the scope of the analysis to the bright end by adding ancillary data from the literature, which was not dust-corrected in this case. The obtained slope for this extended LF is $\alpha = -1.43\pm 0.12$., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&A

In this paper, we aim to study the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [OII] emitters detected in the OTELO survey in order to characterise the star formation processes in low-mass galaxies at $z\sim1.43$ and to constrain the faint-end of the LF. Here, we describe the selection method and analysis of the emitters obtained from narrow-band scanning techniques. In addition, we present several relevant properties of the emitters and discuss the selection biases and uncertainties in the determination of the LF and the star formation rate density (SFRD). We confirmed a total of 60 sources from a preliminary list of 332 candidates as [OII] emitters. Approximately 93% of the emitters have masses in the range of $10^{8}