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The event aims to be an open space for multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral dialogue aimed at contributing to the definition of a joint vision of “the science we need for the ocean we want” from a gender perspective. We need to focus on solutions based on the science-society binomial. How to improve gender equality and women’s empowerment in ocean science and ocean-related activities, and how to include the gender dimension in the production of knowledge in marine research will be discussed. It will be a space to recognise and make visible the contribution of women to the knowledge and sustainability of the oceans. The conclusions of the event, turned into recommendations, will be provided to key actors in policy making and research. PROGRAMME 15.15 – 15.30: Opening, moderation and closing: Arantza Acha (UN Etxea) and Valentí Sallarès (ICM/CSIC) 15.30 – 16.15: Speakers: Begoña Lasagabaster, Director of the Division for Gender Equality in the Cabinet of the Director-General, UNESCO. Esther Garcés, marine researcher at ICM/CSIC. Farah Obaidullah, Women4Oceans. 16.15 – 16.30: Interactive dialogue

Following the recommendations of the European research institutions, research should be considered as a complete cycle that includes the impact of results on society, economy, business opportunities, creativity, innovation, the use of resources, end-users, local or global development, the environment, etc., and it is in these aspects that the inclusion of gender considerations brings quality to research. The analysis about the different needs, attitudes and preferences of both genders increases the social relevance and quality of scientific development reached. The Commission for Women and Science already pointed out in 2015 and 2018 the need to receive training for the adequate inclusion of gender issues in research contents. In this way, the available materials such as tools for that purpose were revised and the delivery of a specific in-house CSIC training course was promoted. In general, there is great difficulty (and also some resistance) in applying the gender dimension in research content. The Commission for Women and Science presents this informal guide to help applicants to complete gender mainstreaming issues in contents, for both national and European calls, contributing to the objectives of the 3rd Equality Plan (AXIS 7) and CSIC’S HRS4R (Action 17) strategy.

We identified two new parasite species of Chytridiomycota isolated during blooms of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum in the coastal Mediterranean Sea. Light and electron microscopy together with molecular characterization of the nuclear 18S, ITS, and 28S rDNA regions led to their identification as two new species, Dinomyces gilberthii and Paradinomyces evelyniae, both belonging to the family Dinomycetaceae, order Rhizophydiales. Dinomyces gilberthii differs from the previously described D. arenysensis by the presence of discharge papillae and the development of a drop-shaped sporangium. Paradinomyces evelyniae differs from the previously described P. triforaminorum by the prominent lipid globule present in early sporangia and by the pointed end producing a rhizoid. The two chytrids differed in their geographical distribution. Dinomyces gilberthii was detected in several Mediterranean habitats, including harbours and beaches, and was particularly prevalent during summer dinoflagellate blooms. Its widespread occurrence in coastal ecosystems suggested a high level of adaptability to this environment. Paradinomyces evelyniae had a more restricted distribution in the coastal-marine environment, occurring in harbour sediments and only occasionally in the water column during winter and early spring. Paradinomyces evelyniae has previously been detected in the Baltic Sea, suggesting that its distribution encompasses contrasting coastal environments, although its presence is rare

La taula rodona i inauguració de l’exposició “Dona, vida i ciència” se celebra amb motiu de la celebració del Dia Internacional de la Dona i la Ciència; amb la presència d’Esther Garcés, biòloga marina i investigadora del CSIC, Ma José Alonso, farmacèutica, Ana Gras, enginyera agrònoma de l’UPC i Victoria Girona, química i directora general d’Universitats, Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

The European Commission is fully committed to promoting gender equality in research and innovation. It is a priority for the European Research Area (ERA) and a cross-cutting principle under Horizon Europe. Gender equality plans (GEPs) have been established as the primary instrument for implementing institutional changes in Research Performing Organizations (RPOs) to address structural barriers to gender equality in research and innovation. Within this framework, specific objectives are defined, and thematic areas for intervention are recommended. In this regard, the formulation of a GEP for the Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), implied a broader challenge as it had to comply with diverse national regulatory frameworks. Nevertheless, the variety of reference frameworks, instruments and approaches did not condition the aspiration to design a GEP that fully responded to the specific context of the ICM. Thus, the GEP became the roadmap to generating an organisation cultural change that allows the effective integration of gender equality across all its areas and actions. Drawing from ICM’s experiences, we aim to share the path undertaken by ICM and shed light on the multifaceted challenges encountered during the GEP’s design and successful implementation. There is a pressing need to transition from mere adherence to the normative framework to achieving genuine gender equality in practice. Transforming normative principles into practice requires tailored and individualised strategies, feasible objectives with measurable results, appropriate measures to achieve them, and indicators to measure progress. This challenge involves effective institutional changes that remove obstacles to gender equality, both inherent in the research system and stemming from the institutional model of human resources management, funding, decision-making and research programs. The commitment to gender equality must transcend the field of research and research to encompass all staff and institut

[EN] Current knowledge of marine fungi is limited, marked by gaps in the understanding of their diversity, spatio-temporal patterns, and ecological roles within marine ecosystems. The underexplored nature of specific fungal groups, like chytrids occurring during phytoplankton blooms, and the lack of research in most marine regions, such as the Mediterranean Sea, emphasise the need for this thesis. Consequently, the main objective of this doctoral thesis is to investigate the composition of the fungal community in the Mediterranean coastal ecosystem, with a focus on the basal fungal group Chytridiomycota (chytrids). The study sets for specific objectives: i) to evaluate the spatial distribution of Chytridiomycota diversity in various coastal areas during dinoflagellate proliferations; ii) to evaluate the temporal dynamics of the fungal community in epiphytic communities during benthic dinoflagellate proliferations and to investigate their interaction with hosts; and iii) to identify and describe new parasitic Chytridiomycota species associated with their host proliferations. The chytrid community in coastal environments is particularly dynamic and diverse, with a marked specificity towards their preferred hosts. These communities are more diverse and abundant in sediments and on macroalgae surfaces than in the water column. The relative abundance of chytrids increases in the water column during dinoflagellate proliferations, suggesting their opportunistic parasitic behaviour. In the laboratory, strains of four chytrid species, including the most abundant species detected by metabarcoding sequencing, have been cultured and identified by co-culture techniques with dinoflagellates. Three strains correspond to as yet undescribed species and the cultures have allowed the morphological and molecular characterisation of two of them, Dinomyces gilberthii and Paradinomyces evelyniae, which have been newly described in this thesis. In terms of geographic distribution of specie, [ES] El conocimiento actual sobre los hongos marinos es limitado, marcado por la falta de conocimiento de su diversidad, patrones espacio-temporales y funciones ecológicas en los ecosistemas marinos. El desconocimiento sobre algunos grupos fúngicos específicos, como los quítridos presentes en proliferaciones fitoplanctónicas, y la falta de investigación en algunas regiones marinas, como el Mar Mediterráneo, enfatizan la necesidad de esta tesis. [...]

The presence of phytoplankton parasites along the water column was explored at the Long Term Ecological Station MareChiara (LTER-MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) in October 2019. Microscopy analyses showed diatoms dominating the phytoplankton community in the upper layers (0-20 m). Metabarcoding data from the water column showed the presence of Chytridiomycota predominantly in the upper layers coinciding with the vertical distribution of diatoms. Laboratory incubations of natural samples enriched with different diatom cultures confirmed parasitic interactions of some of those chytrids – including members of Kappamyces – with diatom taxa. The temporal dynamics of diatoms and chytrids was also explored in a three-year metabarcoding time-series (2011-2013) from surface waters of the study area and in sediment samples. Chytrids were recurrently present at low relative abundances, and some taxa found to infect diatoms in the incubation experiments were also identified in the ASV time-series. However, co-occurrence analyses did not show any clear or recurrent pairing patterns for chytrid and diatom taxa along the three years. The chytrid community in the sediments showed a clearly different species composition compared to the recorded in the water column samples, with higher diversity and relative abundance. The combination of observations, incubations and metabarcoding confirmed that parasites are a common component of marine protist communities at LTER-MC. Host-parasite interactions must be determined and quantified to understand their role and the impact they have on phytoplankton dynamics

The majority of species of the highly diverse genus Chaetoceros are described as chain-forming, although several species are described as strictly solitary (such as C. tenuissimus) or having an alternate solitary and a chain-forming phase during their life history (such as C. salsugineus). In this study, the diversity of small forms of Chaetoceros from the NW Mediterranean coastal waters was explored through the morphological and molecular characterization of four different strains belonging to two distinct species. Based on their morphology, three of the strains were identified as C. salsugineus (Takano, 1983). The SSU and LSU rDNA sequences represented the first available for well-characterized C. salsugineus strains and were 96.6–100% similar to publicly available C. tenuissimus (Meunier, 1913) sequences. Both species share the same morphological features, such as setae and ultrastructure of the valves, as well as the rimoportula characteristics. In addition, the morphology of the solitary form of C. salsugineus matched with that of C. tenuissimus. Here, we propose the two species as synonyms (the name C. tenuissimus prevailing as it has priority for this taxon), emend the original description and designate an epitype. The fourth strain was identified as C. olympicus sp. nov., a new species, which alternates solitary and chain-forming forms within its life history. The main differential characteristics of this species are the absence of rimoportula both in terminal and intercalary valves, the setae ultrastructure, which is thin and circular in cross-section with a few, slightly twisted, rows of small rectangular poroids and some spirally arranged spines, and the morphology of the resting spores, with primary valve vaulted and covered with short to medium-sized spines, and secondary valve smaller, rounded and smooth. A comparison of C. tenuissimus and C. olympicus with other species as well as information on their life cycle and ecology is also provided.

Siguiendo las recomendaciones de las instituciones europeas de investigación, se debe plantear la investigación como un ciclo completo en el que se incluya el impacto de los resultados sobre la sociedad, la economía, las oportunidades de negocio, la creatividad, la innovación, el uso de recursos, los usuarios finales, el desarrollo local o global, el medioambiente, etc., y es en estos aspectos donde la inclusión de consideraciones de género aporta calidad a la investigación. El análisis sobre las distintas necesidades, actitudes y preferencias de ambos sexos incrementa la relevancia social y la calidad del avance científico alcanzado. La Comisión de Mujer y Ciencia ya señaló en 2015 y en 2018 la necesidad de recibir formación para la adecuada inclusión de las cuestiones de género en los contenidos de investigación. En este sentido, revisó el material disponible como herramientas para tal fin y promovió la impartición de un curso de formación interna del CSIC específico en la materia. En general, se encuentra gran dificultad (y también alguna resistencia) en la aplicación de la dimensión de género en los contenidos de investigación. La CMyC presenta esta guía informal como ayuda para completar las cuestiones de integración del género en los contenidos, de modo que sirvan de apoyo en la preparación de solicitudes tanto en las convocatorias nacionales como europeas, contribuyendo así a los objetivos del III Plan de Igualdad (Eje 7) y a la estrategia HRS4S (Acción 17) del CSIC.

Women Researchers Report 2023 provides disaggregated data by sex regarding the distribution of research staff, access and promotion, scientific activity and training in CSIC from December 31st, 2022. This report highlights the analysis of the scenario for women who belong to scientific categories, because in this group evidence suggest an important gender gap that still continues to be accused despite the passage of time, already more than 20 years since the collection of first data.

The presence of phytoplankton parasites along the water column was explored at the Long-Term Ecological Station MareChiara (LTER-MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) in October 2019. Microscopy analyses showed diatoms dominating the phytoplankton community in the upper layers (0–20 m). Metabarcoding data from the water column showed the presence of Chytridiomycota predominantly in the upper layers coinciding with the vertical distribution of diatoms. Laboratory incubations of natural samples enriched with different diatom cultures confirmed parasitic interactions of some of those chytrids—including members of Kappamyces—with diatom taxa. The temporal dynamics of diatoms and chytrids was also explored in a 3-year metabarcoding time-series (2011–2013) from surface waters of the study area and in sediment samples. Chytrids were recurrently present at low relative abundances, and some taxa found to infect diatoms in the incubation experiments were also identified in the ASV time-series. However, co-occurrence analyses did not show any clear or recurrent pairing patterns for chytrid and diatom taxa along the 3 years. The chytrid community in the sediments showed a clearly different species composition compared with that recorded in the water column samples, with higher diversity and relative abundance. The combination of observations, incubations, and metabarcoding confirmed that parasites are a common component of marine protist communities at LTER-MC. Host–parasite interactions must be determined and quantified to understand their role and the impact they have on phytoplankton dynamics

El Informe Mujeres Investigadoras 2023 presenta los datos desagregados por sexo del CSIC referentes a la distribución del personal investigador, de acceso y promoción, de actividad científica y de formación a fecha de 31 de diciembre de 2022. Este informe se detiene en particular en el análisis de la situación de las mujeres pertenecientes a las escalas científicas porque en este colectivo la evidencia sugiere una importante brecha de género que sigue siendo acusada a pesar del paso de tiempo, ya más de 20 años desde que se recogieron los primeros datos. La distribución del personal muestra una ligera mayoría de mujeres en la etapa predoctoral (51%). Sin embargo, a medida que se progresa en la carrera científica, el porcentaje de ellas que logra convertirse en Científicas Titulares no supera el 43% y solo un 26% alcanza el puesto de Profesoras de Investigación, el más alto en la carrera científica. En algunas sub-áreas de conocimiento, como Ciencia y Tecnologías Físicas, y, muy especialmente, en Recursos Naturales, los datos son muy llamativos puesto que los porcentajes de mujeres en la escala de Profesoras de Investigación es aún menor, un 16% y 12% respectivamente. Las mujeres científicas del CSIC realizan una actividad investigadora de la misma magnitud, extensión, impacto y financiación que sus compañeros. A pesar de lo cual, la brecha de género es estable y no disminuye con el paso del tiempo. Por ello, la presidencia del CSIC ha encargado a un equipo de investigación experto en políticas científicas y género del Instituto de Bienes y Políticas Públicas de nuestra propia institución, un análisis detallado para dimensionar adecuadamente el problema e identificar los factores causantes de esta brecha y de su resistencia. El compromiso de esta Presidencia con la igualdad de género de este y los demás colectivos de mujeres del CSIC es firme y en todos los casos debe realizarse un análisis profundo que describa la situación con precisión. En concreto, los análisis d

This hybrid event will be held on January 20, 2023 from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. and It is organized in the framework of the European project LeTSGEPs (Leading Towards Sustainable Gender Equality Plans in research performing organizations). In this event will be presented the European framework on gender and research, different perspectives on gender power and its indicators at the structural and cultural level and its reflection in research organisations, and it will be also shared a practice on how to ensure that sex and gender analysis is considered in the design and outputs of research projects. It is also an objective of this event to strengthen the synergies of organizations working to make the integration of the gender dimension into R&I a priority

[EN] Esther Garcés, Maria Gracia Puga and Silvia Donoso, from the Gender Equality Commission, will hold a workshop to raise awareness of the messages that came out of the #metooscience campaign for the International Day for the Elimination of Gender Violence, [ES] Esther Garcés, Maria Gracia Puga y Silvia Donoso, de a Comisión de Igualdad de Género del ICM, nos harán un Workshop de concienciación sobre los mensajes que surgieron de la campaña #metooscience con motivo del Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Violencia de Género, [CAT] Esther Garcés, Maria Gracia Puga i Silvia Donoso, de la Comissió d'Igualtat de Gènere de l'ICM, ens faran un Workshop de conscienciació sobre els missatges que van sorgir de la campanya #metooscience amb motiu del Dia Internacional de l'Eliminació de la Violència de Gènere

This session is part of the ICM Support Programme "The ERC journey" and intended to help ICM researchers become more familiar with the ERC grants within marine sciences. During the session key information will be provided by the national experts and complemented with tips and best practices from PIs that have already prepared an ERC proposal

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are likely an important strategy of transport and communication in marine microbial community. Their isolation and characterization from axenic culture of microbial eukaryotes represents a technological challenge not fully solved. Here, for the first time, we isolated EVs from a near-axenic culture of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. Pictures of the isolated vesicles were done with Cryo TEM (Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy). Based on their morphotype the EVs were clustered in five major groups (rounded, rounded electron-dense, lumen electron-dense, double and irregular) and each EV was measured resulting in an average size of 0.36 µm of diameter. Taking in account that in prokaryotes it has been demonstrated that EVs play an important role in the mechanism of toxicity, this descriptive work aims to be the first step to study the possible role of EVs in the toxicity of dinoflagellates

The field of marine fungal diversity and ecology remains largely unexplored. This study provides new and valuable insights into the diversity, ecology, and temporal dynamics of epiphyte protist and fungal assemblages on coastal Mediterranean macroalgae during the summer season. The temporal sampling results showed that dinoflagellates become the most abundant taxonomic group, and its structure and relation with fungi, especially on Chytridiomycota, were evaluated in detail. The study revealed that temporal dynamics of the chytrid community are significantly impacted by the assemblage of epiphytic dinoflagellate species. The Chytridiomycota group was found to be primarily represented by Dinomyces arenysensis and a Lobulomycota representative yet to be described. The relative abundance of chytrids was at its highest following the peak of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis sp. proliferation with D. arenysensis being the dominating chytrid, having a maximum infection prevalence of 2%. The results of laboratory experiments showed a low prevalence of D. arenysensis over its host Ostreopsis and a stable coexistence. Moreover, although the chytrid demonstrates a preference for parasitizing dinoflagellate cells, it has been shown to utilize pollen as a resource to sustain viable infections demonstrating a facultative and generalist parasite. The study underscores the diversity and potential impact of marine chytrids on epiphyte protist communities, bringing attention to the presence of zoosporic parasites in this understudied benthic habitat

This study aims to investigate the temporal dynamics of the epiphytic protist community on macroalgae, during the summer months, with a specific focus on fungi, and the interactions between zoosporic chytrid parasites and the proliferation of the dinoflagellates. We employed a combination of environmental sequencing techniques, incubation of natural samples, isolation of target organisms and laboratory experiments. Metabarcoding sequencing revealed changes in the dominant members of the epiphytic fungal community. Initially, fungi comprised < 1% of the protist community, mostly accounted for by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, but with the emergence of Chytridiomycota during the mature phase of the biofilm, the fungal contribution increased to almost 30%. Chytridiomycota became dominant in parallel with an increase in the relative abundance of dinoflagellates in the community. Microscopy observations showed a general presence of chytrids following the peak proliferation of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis sp., with the parasite, D. arenysensis as the dominant chytrid. The maximum infection prevalence was 2% indicating host-parasite coexistence. To further understand the in-situ prevalence of chytrids, we characterised the dynamics of the host abundance and prevalence of chytrids through co-culture. These laboratory experiments revealed intraspecific variability of D. arenysensis in its interaction with Ostreopsis, exhibiting a range from stable coexistence to the near-extinction of the host population. Moreover, while chytrids preferentially parasitized dinoflagellate cells, one of the strains examined displayed the ability to utilize pollen as a resource to maintain its viability, thus illustrating a facultative parasitic lifestyle. Our findings not only enrich our understanding of the diversity, ecology, and progression of epiphytic microalgal and fungal communities on Mediterranean coastal macroalgae, but they also shed light on the presence of zoosporic parasites in l

El projecte europeu LeTSGEPs, que tenia com a objectiu connectar diferents organitzacions de recerca i universitats en el disseny i implementació de plans d’igualtat de gènere (GEP) finalitza al desembre 2023. Amb aquesta motiu ens hem avaluat col·lectiva i individualment. El consorci ha fet assoliments importants i comptem amb bones pràctiques que han quedat recollides en un Manual que tot just acabem de publicar. Els assoliment de l’ICM són més que significatius. Moltes de les mesures implementades han estat transformadores i han propiciat canvis institucionals sistèmics que estan contribuint a reduir els biaixos de gènere al centre. Comptem amb noves eines i instruments, com per exemple el protocol per a l’abordatge de l’assetjament sexual i per raó de sexe, la Guia de llenguatge inclusiu, un equip amb capacitats reforçades en matèria de gènere, i procediments institucionalitzats que garanteixen la igualtat d’oportunitats (convocatòries SO) entre d’altres. Amb el nostre GEP ens hem posicionat com a referents per a altres ICUs del CSIC (hem fet al voltant de 30 assessoraments) i col·laborem amb altres nombroses organitzacions de l’ecosistema de recerca nacional. També queden reptes pendents. Hem de dur a terme l’anàlisi de la bretxa salarial de gènere i finalitzar el manual per a la integració de la variable sexe/dimensió de gènere als continguts de la recerca. Tenim un repte més gran, garantir la sostenibilitat de les intervencions i avançar cap a un GEP més interseccional i inclusiu

Following the IOC–UNESCO definition of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and the categorization of the impacts of harmful microalgae in the world’s oceans proposed by Lassus et al. (2016), this chapter will focus on pelagic species that affect shellfish safety by producing toxins and consequently causing various symptoms in humans by consuming poisoned food. Pelagic HABs that have a dormant benthic phase in their life cycle are also included (Table 4.1). [...]

The Cova del Gegant (Barcelona) is a Paleolithic archaeological site with evidence of human occupation between MIS 5 and MIS 2 (Daura et al. 2021). Its rich fossil record includes a repertoire of Middle and Upper Paleolithic lithic industry, various faunal taxa, remains of Homo neanderthalensis and evidence of pyrotechnology. The latter consists of hearths documented and excavated in the stratigraphic profile preserved at the end of the GP2 gallery. Their dimensions are small (generally no more than 1 m in diameter) and are characterized by facies of white and/or gray calcitic ash over thin underlying dark (black layer) and reddish (rubefacted) facies. Given their limited size and the fact that samples for other techniques have also been collected, it was not possible to collect oriented samples for archaeomagnetic (directional) analysis and the sampling focused on studying the magnetic properties. The main objective is to characterize the magnetic properties of these facies in order to determine the variations in the composition, concentration and granulometry of the ferromagnetic minerals present in the samples, as well as to infer possible heating temperatures. Almost 50 samples from different hearths were analysed, including several control samples of non-thermally altered sediments. The magnetic analyses include the measurement of magnetic susceptibility, stepwise acquisition isothermal remanent magnetization curves, hysteresis loops (+/- 1 T), backfield curves and thermomagnetic curves up to 700 ºC. All samples are dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals (magnetite and/or maghemite), with slight variations of hematite depending on the facies. Unlike the black and reddish subjacent facies, ashes exhibit the highest ferromagnetic mineral concentration and high thermomagnetic reversibility, indicating that they reached the highest heating temperatures (> 500 – 600 ºC). The integration of these results with the previous data from Cova del Gegant and the body of knowle, La Cova del Gegant (Barcelona), es un yacimiento paleolítico con evidencias de ocupación humana entre el MIS 5 y el MIS 2 (Daura et al. 2021). Entre su rico registro fósil destaca un amplio repertorio que incluye industria lítica del Paleolítico Medio y Superior, diversos taxones faunísticos, restos de Homo neanderthalensis y evidencias de pirotecnología. Estas últimas consisten en hogares documentados y excavados en la parte final de la galería GP2, parte de los cuales se conservan en el perfil estratigráfico. Sus dimensiones son reducidas (generalmente no exceden 1 m) y se caracterizan por facies de ceniza calcítica de color blanco y/o gris, sobre finas facies subyacentes de color oscuro (nivel negro) y enrojecido (rubefactadas). Dado sus reducidas dimensiones y que también se han recogido muestras para otras técnicas, no fue posible recoger muestra orientada para análisis arqueomagnéticos y el muestreo se centró en estudiar las propiedades magnéticas. El objetivo principal es caracterizar las propiedades magnéticas de estas facies con el fin de determinar sus variaciones en la composición, concentración y granulometría de los minerales ferromagnéticos presentes, así como inferir posibles temperaturas de calentamiento. Se han analizado unas 50 muestras de diferentes hogares, incluyendo también varias muestras de control de sedimento no termoalterado. Los análisis magnéticos incluyen la medida de la susceptibilidad magnética, curvas de adquisición progresiva de la magnetización remanente isotermal, ciclos de histéresis (+/- 1 T), curvas de backfield y curvas termomagnéticas hasta 700 ºC. Todas las muestras están dominadas por minerales ferrimagnéticos (magnetita y/o maghemita), con ligeras variaciones de hematites según la facies analizada. A diferencia de las facies oscuras y rubefactadas, las cenizas presentan la mayor concentración de minerales ferromagnéticos y una alta reversibilidad termomagnética, indicativas de que alcanzaron las mayores temperaturas (> 500

Desde la aprobación de su primer Plan de Igualdad de Género (2021-2024), el Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM) viene implementado acciones orientadas a una transformación estructural que implique la adopción e institucionalización de la igualdad de género como principio transversal al quehacer del centro. En ese marco, se ha llevado a cabo una encuesta de percepción sobre la igualdad de género entre el personal en el ICM (y personal de administración adscrito al CMIMA), anónima y voluntaria, que ha contado con una participación del 41.6% del personal, de este, el 59,8% han sido mujeres. [...]

Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs), caused by various aquatic microalgae, pose significant risks to ecosystems, some socio-economic activities and human health. Traditionally managed as a public health issue through reactive control measures such as beach closures, seafood trade bans or closure of mollusc production areas, the multifaceted linkages of HABs with environmental and socio-economic factors require more comprehensive ecosystem-based management approach tools to support policies. This study promotes a coordinated understanding and implementation of HAB assessment and management under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), targeting the achievement of Good Environmental Status (GES) in European marine waters. We introduce two novel tools: GES4HABs (GES for HABs) decision tree, and MAMBO (environMental mAtrix for the Management of BlOoms), a decision support matrix. These tools aim to streamline HABs reporting and prioritize resource allocation and management interventions. The GES4HABs decision tree defines a sequence of decision steps to identify HAB management strategies according to their state (evaluated against predefined baselines) and causes (anthropic or natural). MAMBO is proposed to address different HABs and their interaction with human and environmental pressures. The matrix utilizes two axes: natural trophic status and level of human influence, capturing major aspects such as nutrient supply. While acknowledging the limitations of this simplified framework, MAMBO categorizes marine regions into quadrants of varying management viability. Regions with high human influence and eutrophic conditions are identified as most suitable for effective management intervention, whereas regions with minimal or mixed human influence are deemed less amenable to active management. In addition, we explore and describe various indicators, monitoring methods and initiatives that may be relevant to support assessments of HAB status and associated pressures