298 results on '"García-González, M. T."'
Search Results
2. Influence of silicate- and magnesium-specific adsorption and particle shape on the rheological behavior of mixed serpentine-goethite suspensions
- Author
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Tartaj, P., Cerpa, A., García-González, M. T., and Serna, C. J.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Mineral-Content and Particle-Size Effects on the Colloidal Properties of Concentrated Lateritic Suspensions
- Author
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Cerpa, A., García-González, M. T., Tartaj, P., Requena, J., Garcell, L., and Serna, C. J.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Preliminary results of an inter-laboratory study on quantitative phase analysis
- Author
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Suárez, M., Aparicio, P., Barrenechea, J. F., Cuevas, J., Delgado, R., Fernández, A. M., Huertas, F. J., García-González, M. T., García-Romero, Emilia, González, I., Fernández, R., León-Reina, Laura, López-Galindo, A., Párraga, J., Pelayo, M., Pozo, E., Pozo, M., Martín-García, J. M., Nieto, F., Sánchez-Bellón, A., Santarén, J., Ruiz, A. I., Terroso, E., and Terroso, D.
- Abstract
Trabajo presentado en el Euroclay, celebrado en Edimburgo (Escocia), del 5 al 10 de julio de 2015, Quantitative phase analysis (QPA) of clayey materials using X-Ray diffraction data has always been a challenge. While quantitative methods based on Rietveld analysis offer excellent results for non-clay minerals, they become problematic when high crystallochemical and order degree variations are present in the phases, as is the case of most clay minerals. In the summer of 2014, the Spanish Clay Society (Sociedad Española de Arcillas, SEA) proposed a collective QPA experiment to its members. The aim was to compare the results obtained in different clay laboratories studying the same samples by X-Ray diffraction. This comparative study is a starting point for a long-term work focused on the development of an optimized QPA guide for clay minerals adapted to modern equipment and software. The results presented in this talk are those from the 2014 preliminary study in which the 22 participant laboratories analyzed three samples following their own laboratory routines. The only condition was not to use other complementary techniques for the quantification (e.g. IR spectroscopy, thermal or chemical analysis). The samples were mixtures of nearly pure quartz, feldspar, calcite, alunite, and different clays. Clay minerals included two different smectites (with low and high crystallinity), sepiolite, kaolinite and palygorskite. The set of procedures, technical characteristics of the equipment, and software used in each laboratory was very different and, as a consequence, comparison of the results is not straightforward. The results were classified into "Reflecting Powers Method" (RPM) and “Relative Intensity Ratio (RIR) – Rietveld methods” groups. As it is well known RPM is based on the peaks areas while RIR is based on the peak intensities. As expected, a high dispersion of the results was found both globally and per group. At first glance, RPM returned, on average, better approximations to the true composition of the samples. Interestingly that trend was clearer in samples with clay minerals having higher variability in crystallochemistry and crystalline range order.
- Published
- 2015
5. Entomopathogenic nematode food webs in an ancient, mining pollution gradient in Spain
- Author
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Campos-Herrera, R., Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Escuer, M., García-González, M. T., Duncan, L. W., Gutiérrez, C., Campos-Herrera, R., Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Escuer, M., García-González, M. T., Duncan, L. W., and Gutiérrez, C.
- Abstract
Mining activities pollute the environment with by–products that cause unpredictable impacts in surrounding areas. Cartagena–La Unión mine (Southeastern–Spain) was active for > 2500 years. Despite its closure in 1991, high concentrations of metals and waste residues remain in this area. A previous study using nematodes suggested that high lead content diminished soil biodiversity. However, the effects of mine pollution on specific ecosystem services remain unknown. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) play a major role in the biocontrol of insect pests. Because EPNs are widespread throughout the world, we speculated that EPNs would be present in the mined areas, but at increased incidence with distance from the pollution focus. We predicted that the natural enemies of nematodes would follow a similar spatial pattern. We used qPCR techniques to measure abundance of five EPN species, five nematophagous fungi species, two bacterial ectoparasites of EPNs and one group of free–living nematodes that compete for the insect-cadaver. The study comprised 193 soil samples taken from mining sites, natural areas and agricultural fields. The highest concentrations of iron and zinc were detected in the mined area as was previously described for lead, cadmium and nickel. Molecular tools detected very low numbers of EPNs in samples found to be negative by insect-baiting, demonstrating the importance of the approach. EPNs were detected at low numbers in 13% of the localities, without relationship to heavy-metal concentrations. Only Acrobeloides–group nematodes were inversely related to the pollution gradient. Factors associated with agricultural areas explained 98.35% of the biotic variability, including EPN association with agricultural areas. Our study suggests that EPNs have adapted to polluted habitats that might support arthropod hosts. By contrast, the relationship between abundance of Acrobeloides–group and heavy-metal levels, revealed these taxa as especially well suited bio-indic
- Published
- 2016
6. Entomopathogenic nematode food webs in an ancient, mining pollution gradient in Spain
- Author
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Escuer, Miguel, García-González, M. T., Duncan, L. W., Gutiérrez, Carmen, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Escuer, Miguel, García-González, M. T., Duncan, L. W., and Gutiérrez, Carmen
- Abstract
Mining activities pollute the environment with by–products that cause unpredictable impacts in surrounding areas. Cartagena–La Unión mine (Southeastern–Spain) was active for > 2500 years. Despite its closure in 1991, high concentrations of metals and waste residues remain in this area. A previous study using nematodes suggested that high lead content diminished soil biodiversity. However, the effects of mine pollution on specific ecosystem services remain unknown. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) play a major role in the biocontrol of insect pests. Because EPNs are widespread throughout the world, we speculated that EPNs would be present in the mined areas, but at increased incidence with distance from the pollution focus. We predicted that the natural enemies of nematodes would follow a similar spatial pattern. We used qPCR techniques to measure abundance of five EPN species, five nematophagous fungi species, two bacterial ectoparasites of EPNs and one group of free–living nematodes that compete for the insect-cadaver. The study comprised 193 soil samples taken from mining sites, natural areas and agricultural fields. The highest concentrations of iron and zinc were detected in the mined area as was previously described for lead, cadmium and nickel. Molecular tools detected very low numbers of EPNs in samples found to be negative by insect-baiting, demonstrating the importance of the approach. EPNs were detected at low numbers in 13% of the localities, without relationship to heavy-metal concentrations. Only Acrobeloides–group nematodes were inversely related to the pollution gradient. Factors associated with agricultural areas explained 98.35% of the biotic variability, including EPN association with agricultural areas. Our study suggests that EPNs have adapted to polluted habitats that might support arthropod hosts. By contrast, the relationship between abundance of Acrobeloides–group and heavy-metal levels, revealed these taxa as especially well suited bio-indic
- Published
- 2016
7. Vertic features in a soil catena developed on Eocene marls in the Inner Depression of the Central Spanish Pyrenees
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Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, Ministerio de Industria y Competitividad (España), Badia, D., Orús, Diego, Doz, José R., Casanova, J., Poch, R. M., García-González, M. T., Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, Ministerio de Industria y Competitividad (España), Badia, D., Orús, Diego, Doz, José R., Casanova, J., Poch, R. M., and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
Scientific interest in marls has expanded in recent years especially in regard to erosion rates, weathering processes and stabilization of the resulting sediments. However, information regarding the properties and evolution of overlying soil is relatively scarce.This work analyzes the relationship between mechanical properties and standard properties of soils developed on Eocene marls in mountainous regions of the southern Central Spanish Pyrenees. It also examines whether these soils have the vertic features traditionally ascribed to them and how these features may vary along a catena.The water holding capacity of the soils exhibits a typical catena-related trend that increases progressively from low values in upper slope profiles to higher values for the middle slope and valley. The soils have a high percentage of silt-sized particles. Quartz and calcite are the main mineralogical components of the fine earth fraction. Illite represents the major component of the clay fraction. The linear extensibility and Atterberg limits are positively and significantly correlated to clay content. Low liquid limit (usually less than 30%), low soil aggregate stability (lower than 25% in Ap horizons), and high subsidence values (n>0.7) are likely factors in the high dispersivity and sliding risk observed for the soils. These factors also explain the presence of buried soils and lithological discontinuities in lower slope profiles as well as the relatively limited degree of soil evolution, despite a relatively humid climate. Low porosity, mainly of vesicular type, and a poor structure facilitate saturation in the wet season and lead to soil reduction processes, especially within deep soil horizons along lower parts of hillslopes. Simulated wetting and freezing treatments were shown to fracture the unaltered marls into small fragments, demonstrating the soil's susceptibility to physical weathering. Given moderate clay content, absence of smectites and moderate soil extensibility (CO
- Published
- 2015
8. Láminas Delgadas de Suelos de la Dra. Benayas
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García-González, M. T. and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
[EN] The work presented in the web of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (http://www.ica.csic.es/) is aimed to highlight and publish the “Collection of Thin Sections of Soils” (http://www.ica.csic.es/Benayas/) obtained by Dr. Josefina Benayas Casares, a Research Scientist at the former Institute of Pedology and Plant Biology (Instituto de Edafología y Biología Vegetal), of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC, Madrid)., [ES] El trabajo que se presenta en la web del Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (http://www.ica.csic.es/) pretende poner en valor y divulgar” la “Colección de Láminas Delgadas de Suelos” (http://www.ica.csic.es/Benayas/) obtenida por la Dra. Josefina Benayas Casares, Investigadora Científica en el antiguo Instituto de Edafología y Biología Vegetal perteneciente al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Madrid).
- Published
- 2015
9. Colección de Acuarelas de Perfiles de Suelos del Prof. Kubiëna
- Author
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García-González, M. T. and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
[EN] This work presented in the web of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (http://www.ica.csic.es/) contains photographs of some of the original watercolors, as well as the full collection of their smaller reproductions published in the book of Prof. Kubiëna (http://bit.ly/1CfQxuV), The Soils of Europe (http://amzn.to/1JGc53q), for many years considered a seminal work for the study and teaching of Soil Science., [ES] El trabajo que se presenta en la web del Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (http://www.ica.csic.es/) contiene las fotografías de algunas de las acuarelas originales, así como las reproducciones a menor tamaño de la colección completa de las ilustraciones del libro del Prof. Kubiëna (http://bit.ly/1CfQxuV), Claves Sistemáticas de Suelos (http://bit.ly/1LYNVBr).Este libro ha sido considerado durante muchos años una obra fundamental para el estudio y enseñanza de la Edafología.
- Published
- 2015
10. Colección de Láminas Delgadas de Suelos del Prof. W. Kubiêna
- Author
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García-González, M. T. and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
[EN] This work presented in the web of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (http://www.ica.csic.es/) is aimed to highlight and publish the “Collection of Thin Sections of Soils” obtained by Prof. Walter Kubiëna (http://www.ica.csic.es/Kubiena/) during his several stays, between 1943 and 1970, in the former Institute of Pedology and Plant Biology (Instituto de Edafología y Biología Vegetal), today Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC, Madrid)., [ES] El trabajo que se presenta en la web del Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (http://www.ica.csic.es/) pretende poner en valor y divulgar la “Colección de Láminas Delgadas de Suelos” (http://www.ica.csic.es/Kubiena/) obtenida por el Prof. Walter Kubiëna (http://bit.ly/1CfQxuV), durante sus repetidas estancias, entre 1943 y 1970, en el antiguo Instituto de Edafología y Biología Vegetal perteneciente al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Madrid).
- Published
- 2015
11. Entomopathogenic nematodes and their natural enemies in a soil pollution gradient
- Author
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Campos-Herrera, R., Escuer, M., Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, García-González, M. T., Duncan, L. W., and Gutiérrez, Carmen
- Abstract
Trabajo presentado en el 98th Ecology Society of America Annual Meeting, celebrado en Minneapolis (Estados Unidos), del 4 al 9 de agosto de 2013, [Background/Question/Methods] Mining activities pollute the environment with by-products that cause unpredictable impacts in surrounding areas. Lead, zinc and iron have been mined at the Cartagena–La Unión mine in southeastern Spain for more than 2500 years. The mine closed in 1991 but high concentrations of metals and waste residues remain in this area. In order to characterize the effects of pollution gradients emanating from the mine on subterranean communities, we measured entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs, 6 species), nematophagous fungi (NF, 7 species), bacterial ectoparasites of EPNs (2 species) and a group of free-living nematodes that sometimes compete with EPNs (FLNs) using real-time qPCR. Target organisms and more than 30 soil physical-chemical properties were measured in soil samples (n=193) from six areas within a pollution gradient: Mined area-no vegetation (M-NV); Mined area–sparce vegetation (M-SV); Mine adjacent–sparce vegetation (MA-SV); Mine adjacent–heavy vegetation (MA-HV), Mine distant–sparse vegetation (MD-SV); Mine distant–agriculture (MD-Ag). Total nematodes were also determined by microscopy. The impacts of mining activity on the composition of these communities were estimated by univariate (correlations, Chi2, SPSS) and multivariate (Redundacy Analysis, RDA, CANOCO) analyses., [Results/Conclusions] PCR targeted organisms were detected in 69% of the samples. All nematode species were detected. The FLNs were more abundant (P
- Published
- 2013
12. Valoración de los parámetros edáficos implicados en la retención y disponibilidad de plomo en suelos de la Sierra Minera (Murcia) y efectos en la estructura de la comunidad de nematodos edáficos
- Author
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Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Escuer, M., García-González, M. T., Artero, Francisco, Carbonell, Gregoria, Campos-Herrera, R., Águila, Nancy, and Gutiérrez, Carmen
- Subjects
Plomo ,Suelos Sierra Morena Murcia ,Nematodos edáficos ,Parámetros edáficos - Abstract
1 página, El distrito minero de Cartagena-La Unión explotado desde finales del siglo III a.C., fue uno de los mayores productores mundiales de plomo en siglo XIX
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- 2012
13. Genesis and characterization of a recarbonated argic palaeosol in Monegros Desert (NE Spain)
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Martí Dalmau, C., Badia, D., Poch, R. M., and García-González, M. T.
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Recarbonated argic palaeosol ,Monegros (NE Spain) - Abstract
4 páginas, The study of Paleofeatures in paleosols is a tool in the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions in semi arid climates, many aspects of soil formation are related to the accumulation of secondary calcium carbonate
- Published
- 2012
14. Rasgos de paisaje y suelos para la gestión ambiental de la laguna de Gallocanta
- Author
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Romeo Gamarra, Raquel, Castañeda del Álamo, Carmen, Maestro Martínez, Melchor, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
fotointerpretación ,humedal ,Conservación ,paisaje ,Conservation ,landscape ,GIS ,photointerpretation ,wetland - Abstract
16 Pags., 3 Tabls., 7 Figs., [EN] The social value of wetlands has evolved until its current account as irreplaceableecosystems. The Gallocanta Lake, Aragón (NE Spain), is currently the largest and best preserved saline lake in Western Europe. The area has a high ecological value, being included in the Ramsar Convention international list and the Natura 2000 Network. Since 1971, several actions have been undertaken by Spanish Government to ensure environmental protection of this site. The current management plan (Plan de Ordenación de Recursos Naturales, PORN) limits the use and activities in the lake surroundings and promotes the implementation of protection and restoration measures for habitats conservation. However, the detailed delineation of saline wetlands in agricultural environments is hampered by the lack of soil and vegetation maps, which are crucial for wetland management, and by the difficulty of agreement with the landowners. The aim of this study is to provide a base map for the environmental studies involved in the management and protection of the Laguna de Gallocanta wetland. The geomorphological photointerpretation combined with territory data on a geographical information system, allowed to identify homogeneous landscape units related to its current use., [ES] La valoración social de los humedales ha evolucionado hasta su consideración actual como ecosistemas insustituibles. En Aragón, la Laguna de Gallocanta constituye un enclave de extraordinario valor ecológico, siendo en la actualidad el mayor y mejor conservado lago salino de Europa occidental. Está incluida en la lista internacional del Convenio Ramsar y en la de la Red Natura 2000. Desde 1971 se han sucedido varias actuaciones de gestión por parte de la Administración encaminadas a su protección. El Plan de Ordenación de los Recursos Naturales limita los usos y actividades en la zona y promueve la aplicación de medidas de conservación, restauración y mejora de los hábitats. Sin embargo, la delimitación detallada de humedales salinos en entorno agrícola es conflictiva, por la falta de mapas de suelos y vegetación indispensables para la gestión, así como por la dificultad en llegar a un acuerdo con los propietarios de los terrenos afectados. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar una base cartográfica para estudios ambientales aplicables a la gestión y protección de este humedal. La fotointerpretación geomorfológica combinada con datos del territorio en un sistema de información geográfica, permite delimitar unidades homogéneas del paisaje relacionables con su uso actual., El trabajo se ha financiado por el MICINN dentro del proyecto AGL2009-08931.
- Published
- 2011
15. Patrones de colonización microbiana en costras de halita del núcleo hiperarido del Desierto de Atacama Chile
- Author
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Valea, Sergio, Ríos, Asunción de los, Ascaso, Carmen, Dávila, Alfonso F., Wierzchos, Jacek, and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
Trabajo presentado en el XXIII Congreso Nacional de Microbiología, celebrado en Salamanca (España), del 11 al 14 de julio de 2011, El desierto de Atacama está considerado como el más antiguo y seco de la Tierra. La extrema aridez de este desierto tiene como consecuencia la práctica ausencia de organismos fotosintéticos y la escasa abundancia de microorganismos heterótrofos en los suelos. En 2006, Wierzchos y colaboradores [1] descubrieron la presencia de colonización cianobacteriana en el interior de costras de ha litas situadas en grandes depósitos evaporíticos en el núcleo hiperárido del Desierto de Atacama. Posteriores análisis moleculares y el uso de diferentes técnicas de microscopía, han demostrado que este ecosistema endoevaporítico se encuentra compuesto por agregados microbianos conformados por un único filotipo de cianobacteria y diversos grupos asociados de arqueas y bacterias heterotróficas [2]. A su vez se ha propuesto que el principal mecanismo que facilita la colonización de estas costras de halita es la delicuescencia mineral del NaCI [3]. El presente trabajo liene por objeto discernir y analizar el resto de factores físicos que podrían favorecer los distintos tipos de colonización y dirigir la dinámica de las comunidades encontradas. Mediante porosimetría de mercurio se ha observado la variación en el grado de porosidad de la roca y su papel en la formación de agua liquida así como en la retención de esta. Los análisis por espectrofotometría UV-VIS muestran como la costra de sal representa un buen escudo frente a la radiación ultravioleta, permitiendo a su vez la transmisión de luz PAR hacia el interior de la costra. Por otro lado se han caracterizado posibles elementos de nutrición mineral por DRX, análisis de TOC y nitrógeno inorgánico disponible.
- Published
- 2011
16. Calibration of a general mineralogy-constrained sorption model for heavy metals and application to evaluation of reactive transport processes in natural soil columns
- Author
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Serrano, Susana, Vlassopoulos, Dimitris, Garrido, Fernando, García-González, M. T., and O´Day, Peggy A.
- Abstract
Trabajo presentado en 2010 Ground Water summit and 2010 Ground Water protection council spring meeting, celebrado en Denver (Estados Unidos), en abril de 2010
- Published
- 2010
17. Application of a batch surface complexation model to column experiments for Pb and Cd transport in natural soils
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Serrano, Susana, Vlassopoulos, Dimitris, Garrido, Fernando, García-González, M. T., and O´Day, Peggy A.
- Abstract
Trabajo presentado en el 239th ACS National Meeting, celebrado en San Franciasco (Estados Unidos), del 21 al 25 de marzo de 2010
- Published
- 2010
18. Clay mineralogy of mangrove forest soils
- Author
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Souza Júnior, Valdomiro Severino de and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Acids soils ,Soils ,Mangrove forest ,Clay mineralogy - Abstract
25 páginas,ilustraciones y tablas estadísticas.
- Published
- 2010
19. Effect of mine tailing on the spatial variability of soil nematodes from lead pollution in La Union (Spain)
- Author
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Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Gutiérrez, C., Escuer, M., García-González, M. T., Campos-Herrera, R., Águila, N., Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Gutiérrez, C., Escuer, M., García-González, M. T., Campos-Herrera, R., and Águila, N.
- Abstract
The Cartagena-La Union mining district, exploited since the end of the 3rd century BC, was one of the world's largest lead producers in the 19th century. Although activity ceased in 1991, today mining residues pose a huge pollution problem. This study characterises lead contents (total and DPTA) and other soil parameters (N, P, K, pH, SOM, CaCO3, granulometric fraction, etc.) using multivariate geostatistical methods in relation to nematode diversity. In this work, trophic groups and metabolic footprints of soil nematodes were measured using 193 samples from the mining, natural and agricultural areas in this district. We explored the relationship between soil health and nematode communities. High lead concentrations were quantified mean 8500mgkg-1 for total and 340mgkg-1 for DPTA in this mining area. Although nematode diversity was broad (81 taxa), their diversity, abundance and metabolic footprints significantly reduced in the mining area. Significant differences in the nematode community structure were observed, and the relative abundance of predators was sensitive to mine and agricultural activities, whilst omnivores reduced only in the agricultural area, and bacterial feeders exhibited a differential response to both anthropogenic disturbances. The total abundance of nematodes, trophic groups and c-p groups correlated negatively with soil Pb contents, and a positive relationship was found with SOM and N, P and K contents. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
- Published
- 2014
20. Preparation and characterization of a single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube-iron oxide composite: Its applications to removal of aqueous arsenate
- Author
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Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Arancibia Miranda, Nicolás, Escudey, Mauricio, Pizarro, C., Denardin, Juliano C., García-González, M. T., Fabris, J. D., Charlet, Laurent, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Arancibia Miranda, Nicolás, Escudey, Mauricio, Pizarro, C., Denardin, Juliano C., García-González, M. T., Fabris, J. D., and Charlet, Laurent
- Abstract
A chemical method to synthesize a magnetite coating on aluminosilicate nanotubes (imogolite) that can be used as a magnetic adsorptive composite is reported via a new procedure based on impregnation with excess of solvent. This produced a nanocomposite of imogolite and magnetite, retaining at least two of the individual properties of its initial chemical species, which are determinant for some technological applications: large surface area and high saturation magnetization. Comparatively significant differences in terms of electrophoretic and magnetic characteristics were found between the direct solid mixture of the starting materials and the resultant imogolite-magnetite mixture. The adsorption kinetics of arsenate is described adequately by the pseudo-second model and the maximum adsorbed amounts (qe) of this anion were closed to those obtained experimentally. A high rate of arsenate adsorption on Fe-imogolite was initially observed, suggesting that the formation of new surface sites qualitatively and quantitatively improve the removal of arsenate. The combined use of different characterization techniques (XRD, TEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, EM, VSM and SQUID) and the kinetic sorption study suggest that Fe-imogolite has a large potential for the treatment of arsenate polluted water or other nanotechnological applications, due to its high chemical reactivity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2014
21. Competitive adsorption of copper and lead on volcanic soil ISMOM 2008 24-29 nov Chile
- Author
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Espinosa, E., Gutiérrez, M., Calderón, R., Cazanga, M., Pizarro, C., Escudey, Mauricio, Garrido, Fernando, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Cop A and pcoA genes ,Copper resistant bacteria ,Resistance mechanisms - Abstract
1 página., Chilean soils are characterized by their heterogeneous components due to the various interactions of their parental materials, Millenium P04-007 USM 130836 grants
- Published
- 2008
22. Aplicación de subproductos industriales para la reducción de la movilidad potencial de Pb, Zn y Ni en un suelo ácido
- Author
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Rodríguez Jordá, M. P., Garrido, Fernando, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Ni ,Zn ,Subproductos industriales ,Pb - Abstract
1 página, En los últimos años diferentes subproductos industriales han sido estudiados como posibles enmendantes del suelo para aumentar su capacidad de retención de metales y formar parte de diversas tecnologias encaminadas a la recuperación in situ de suelos contaminados....
- Published
- 2008
23. 11 Millones de años de ciclos de biostaxia-resistaxia en la cuenca oligoceno-miocénica de As Pontes en Galicia
- Author
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Macías-García, I., Pérez Alberti, A., Martínez Cortizas, A., Nieto, C., Pérez Otero, X. L., Monterroso, M. C., García González, M. T., Valle, R., FELIPE MACIAS, and Fundación Endesa
- Subjects
Lignito ,Paleosoles ,Oligoceno ,Siderite ,Mioceno ,Oligocene ,Gleisols ,Miocene ,Paleosols ,Plinthosols ,Siderita ,Gleisoles ,Plinthosoles ,Histosols ,Lignite ,Histosoles - Abstract
[ES] La apertura de la mina de lignitos de As Pontes, prácticamente hasta su base, ha permitido estudiar con detalle la naturaleza y procesos de formación de un yacimiento Oligoceno-Miocénico con hasta 500 m de depósitos sedimentarios producidos durante unos 10-11 millones de años. El yacimiento está caracterizado por la alternancia de capas de carbón (lignitos, fundamentalmente lignito pardo) separadas por capas de sedimentos detríticos de textura variada. Dentro de esta secuencia se ha podido comprobar que la formación del carbón se ha producido mayoritariamente en un ambiente pantanoso, con vegetación dominada por géneros como Thypha y Juncus, que se desarrollaron en suelos hidromorfos, fundamentalmente Gleisoles e Histosoles. En condiciones de pH próximas a la neutralidad y ambiente anóxico-subóxico en el que el Fe se reduce al estado ferroso, dando origen a la formación de nódulos y concreciones de siderita y sulfuros biogénicos. La siderita, aparece claramente asociada a la rizosfera de macrófi tos acuáticos dentro de antiguos horizontes gleicos, con segregación y movilización de Fe (Bg y Cg o Cr) teniendo la respiración de las raíces una clara relación con la formación del mineral. Estos suelos tenían horizontes superfi ciales muy ricos en materia orgánica (H Hísticos o A móllicos o úmbricos) que, posteriormente fueron fosilizados por aportes torrenciales ricos en materiales caoliníticos derivados de suelos bien drenados (probablemente suelos ferralíticos) del entorno de la cuenca. La fosilización y posterior subsidencia de los suelos hidromorfos dio origen a la conversión de los horizontes superfi ciales en las capas de carbón y a la compactación de los materiales. Posteriormente, el material torrencial de cobertura fue edafi zado de nuevo con mayor o menor intensidad y duración. En los sistemas laterales de los depósitos aluvio-torrenciales se han identifi cado Plinthosoles, suelos rojos fermonosialíticos muy evolucionados y corazas lateríticas, lo que pone de manifi esto la variedad de condiciones de evolución edáfi ca y climática que tuvieron lugar. La alternancia de condiciones de biostaxia (formación de suelos en condiciones hidromorfas en la cuenca y de buen drenaje en los taludes laterales) y de resistaxia (erosión, aportes aluvio-torrenciales y fosilización de los suelos) debió responder a cambios climáticos (probablemente oscilaciones de períodos húmedos a otros con mayor aridez o con estación seca muy contrastada). Se han identifi cado claramente dos grandes fases evolutivas. Una, inicial, de muy probable infl uencia marina, y con posibles suelos de manglar o marisma, con neoformación de arcillas esmectíticas, y, otra, claramente continental, con arcillas caoliníticas y suelos de tipo Histosol, Gleisol y suelos gleicos incipientes, que fueron fosilizados sucesivamente. Más de 30 ciclos de edafogénesis y fosilización se han sucedido en los 10-11 millones de años de evolución de la cuenca durante la formación de los lignitos terciarios, explicándose esta enorme variabilidad por las condiciones de la cuenca con fallas activas alpinas, creación del relieve por efectos de levantamientos y hundimientos y los cambios climáticos del Oligoceno-Mioceno, especialmente en la distribución de las precipitaciones. La repetición de esta alternancia ha originado una secuencia de paleosuelos oligocénicos y miocénicos superpuestos, claramente identifi cables por los rasgos edáfi cos, la mineralogía de sus componentes y la presencia de rizosferas carbonizadas y piritizadas. Los efectos tectónicos, la subsidencia de la cuenca y las consecuencias del proceso de explotación minera, con su modifi cación de las condiciones hídricas y del estado redox, han incrementado la complejidad de la secuencia evolutiva y la difi cultad para interpretar los procesos edáfi cos y geoquímicos que se sucedieron., [EN] The excavation of the lignite mine of As Pontes, almost to its base, allowed to sample and study in detail the nature and process of formation of an Oligocene-Miocene lignite deposit with up to 500 m of sedimentary material, produced in a time span of 10-11 million years. The site is characterized by alternating layers of coal (lignite) and detrital sediments of varied texture. Within the sequence the process of coal formation seems to have occurred mostly in a swampy environment, with vegetation dominated by Juncus and Thypha, that developed on hydromorphic soils, mainly Gleysols and Histosols. At a pH close to neutrality and under anoxic-suboxic conditions, Fe was reduced to ferrous state, leading to the formation of nodules and concretions of siderite and biogenic sulfi des. Siderite, is clearly associated to the rhizosphere of aquatic plants in gleyic soil horizons, with segregation and mobilization of Fe, being root respiration clearly related to the formation of the mineral. These soils had surface horizons rich in organic matter (H o A) which were later fossilized by fl uvial-torrential sediments derived from soils and saprolites of kaolinitic soils formed in well-drained conditions (probably lateritic soils) at the margins of the basin. Fossilization and subsequent subsidence of the hydromorphic soils led to the transformation of surface horizons into lignite and the compaction of the materials. Afterthat, the new sediments underwent pedogenesis with varying intensity and duration. In the systems at the margins of basin Plinthosols, fermonosialithic red soils highly evolved and lateritic crusts were found, which highlights the variety of soil conditions and climate evolution that occurred. Alternating conditions of biostaxy (formation of hydromorphic soils in the watershed and well drained, kaolinitic soils in the slopes) and rhesistaxy (erosion, alluvium-torrential sedimentation and fossilization of soils) may be responded to climatic change (probably between wet periods and others more arid or with intense seasonality). Two evolutionary phases have been clear identifi ed. A initial one, most likely with marine infl uence, and potential mangrove soils or marsh with an abundance of neoformation of smectite clays, and a later one, clearly continental, with kaolinitic clays and Histosols and gleyic soils in the basin and kaolinitic soils in the well drained areas of the margin of the basin. More than 30 cycles of pedogenesis and fossilization have occurred in the 10-11 million years of evolution of the basin during the formation of tertiary lignites, pointing to a huge variability in the soil forming conditions. The repetition of this alternation led to a sequence of Oligocene and Miocene paleosols, clearly identifi able by soil characteristics, mineralogy of its components and the presence of charred and pyritized rhizospheres. Tectonic movements, the subsidence of the basin and the consequences of the mining operations and its modifi cations of the hydric and redox conditions have increased the complexity and the interpretation of the pedogenetical and geochemical evolution of the basin soils., Los autores quieren mostrar su agradecimiento a la empresa ENDESA por su financiación de numerosos proyectos ambientales, prácticamente ininterrumpidos desde 1980 hasta la actualidad, sobre la recuperación de la escombrera, los impactos de la central térmica sobre la cuenca del Eume y los suelos de Galicia, las Cargas críticas de acidez y metales pesados, la modelización geoquímica de las aguas de llenado del hueco final y la recuperación de la información científica de la cuenca y de su información edafológica y geoquímica, entre otros proyectos. Asimismo agradecemos a Francisco Arechaga, Director de la mina, y a Aníbal Gil, Jefe del Servicio de Restauración, su autorización, conocimientos, amistad y ayuda, en todos los sentidos y durante muchos años, sin la cual ni éste ni los sucesivos trabajos derivados habrían sido posibles
- Published
- 2007
24. Regulating the mobility of Cd, Cu and Pb in an acid soil with amendments of phosphogypsum, sugar foam, and phosphoric rock
- Author
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Garrido, Fernando, Illera Muñoz, Virginia, Campbell, C. G., and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Sugar foam ,Phosphogypsum ,Cu ,Pb ,Phosphoric rock ,Cd - Abstract
11 pages, figures, and tables statistics., When acid soil has been contaminated by metals as a result of industrial discharges, accidental spills, or acid mine drainage it may be desirable to retain the metals in the soil rather than allow them to leach away. We have investigated the potential of phosphogypsum (PG), sugar foam (SF), and phosphoric rock (PR) to regulate the availability and mobility of Pb, Cd and Cu. We have also identified changes in attenuation during incubation for 1 year and the effect of aging on metal speciation in amended soils. We studied miscible displacement in columns of undisturbed soil previously treated with solutions of the amendments and soluble metals and, subsequently, single and sequential chemical metal extractions. All amendments increased the soil’s metal retention capacity. This, in turn, increased the amount of metal extractable by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). However, over time the amounts of DTPAextractable metal decreased, particularly for Cu and Pb. Both Cu and Cd were held preferentially within the acetic acid-extractable fraction (operationally defined exchangeable fraction – EX fraction), whereas Pb was associated mainly with the hydroxylammonium-extractable fraction (operationally defined bound to Fe and Al hydroxides – OX fraction). Both Pb and Cu in the oxide and organic fractions increased in the PG- and SF-treated soils. In general, the distribution of metal did not change in the PR-treated columns after the incubation. Finally, scanning electron microscopy in back-scattered electron mode (SEM–BSE) showed the formation of Al-hydroxy polymers which provides the soils with additional cation sorption capacity. In the PG- and PR-treated columns, P and S were associated with these formations. The three metals were associated with the Al polymers, probably through direct coordination or the formation of ternary complexes with the inorganic ligands phosphate and sulphate., This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology within the framework of the research project AGL2002-04545-C03-01. We are especially grateful to Laura Barrios for her assistance in the statistical treatment of the data, to Fertiberia, S.A. and Azucarera Ebro, S.L. for supplying us with samples of phosphogypsum and sugar foam, respectively, and to Guoping Lu, anonymous referees and the Editors for their review and comments.
- Published
- 2006
25. Efecto de la aplicación de los subproductos industriales fosfoyeso y espuma de azucarería en la sorción de As Cd y Tl en un suelo ácido: experimentos cinéticos y en equilibrio
- Author
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Aguilar Carrillo, Javier, Garrido, Fernando, Barrios, Laura, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Tl ,Suelo ácido ,Fosfoyeso ,As ,Cd - Abstract
1 página, La estabilización in situ de elementos tóxicos mediante la adición de enmiendas está siendo considerada en la actualidad como una técnica efectiva de recuperación de suelos contaminados. Generalmente en los procesos de contaminación se produce la movilización de una combinación de elementos tóxicos de naturaleza aniónica y catiónica. De esta forma, la contaminación del suelo es difícil de controlar debido al diferente comportamiento de los elementos tóxicos implicados y es necesario encontrar enmiendas capaces de reducir la solubilidad de dichos elementos en la solución del suelo. Con el fin de estudiar la posibilidad de la utilización de fosfoyeso y espuma de azucarería para mejorar la capacidad de retención de los elementos As, Cd y TI en un suelo ácido, en este trabajo hemos realizado experimentos de sorción cinéticos y en equilibrio en muestras tratadas con dichos subproductos industriales. Además, se ha determinado las relaciones entre los parámetros en equilibrio y cinéticos utilizando análisis de componentes principales categórico (CatPCA).
- Published
- 2006
26. Sorption of AS, Cd and T1 as influenced by industrial by-products aplied to an acidic soil: Equilibrium and kinetic experiments
- Author
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Aguilar Carrillo, Javier, Garrido, Fernando, Barrios, Laura, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Sorption isotherms ,Sorption kinetics ,Thermodynamics ,Optimal scaling ,Toxic elements ,complex mixtures ,Soil amendments - Abstract
11 pages, and figures, and tables statistics., In situ stabilization of toxic elements in contaminated soils by the addition of amendments is being considered as an effective technique for remediation.
- Published
- 2006
27. Modelling Ph effect on competitive adsorption of Pb and Cd on soils
- Author
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Serrano, Susana, O´Day, Peggy A., Vlassopoulos, Dimitris, García-González, M. T., and Garrido, Fernando
- Subjects
Ph ,Soils ,Pb ,Cd - Abstract
1 página., The bioavailability and fate of heavy metáis in the environment are controlled by sorption reactions on the reactive surfaces of the soil. Surface complexation models (SCM) have been used as an equilibrium-based approach to describe and predict metal catión sorption reactions on a variety of soil reactive phases such as oxide and clay minerals surfaces. We have developed a non-electrostatic SCM with a combination of surface complexation and catión exchange reactions to describe the sorption of Pb and Cd as function of pH in three soils from Central Spain differing in physical-chemical and mineralogical properties. For this purpose, based on the componen! additivity approach we have formulated our sorption model as an idealized soil comprised of different reactive mineral phases. Lastly, we assess the different sorption behaviour of both metáis as affected by their simultaneous presence and identify possible competitive sorption processes in the soils.
- Published
- 2006
28. Suelos de Manglar: Características, génesis e impactos antrópicos
- Author
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Vidal Torrado, Pablo, Otero, Xosé Luis, Ferreira, T., Souza Júnior, Valdomiro Severino de, Bícego, M., García-González, M. T., and Macías, Felipe
- Abstract
[EN] The mangrove swamps are coastal ecosystems with a great environmental, economic and social importance. The grounds of these means little have been studied, not knowing many internal aspects of their components, properties, processes and their interaction with the polluting agents who arrive at them. Studies realised in mangrove swamps of the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil) have allowed to incorporate new data and to more suitably understand the difference between soils and the sediments of these environments. The observed pedogenetic processes in the mangrove swamps (additions, losses, transformations and translocaciones) strongly are influenced by the biogeochemical behavior of the Fe and the S and its relation with the microorganisms, plants and macrofauna of invertebrates, able to interfere strongly in the processes and to condition the properties physical chemistries of grounds (like pH and Eh) that, as well, they most of control the especiación and biogeochemical behavior of the present elements with high contents of organic matter soils there are inherited minerals, of marine or continental systems, and transformed and neoformed others. Finally, the anthropic impacts are discussed that they undergo these ecosystems by contamination with domestic residues, heavy metals, petroleum spills and the adverse effects of the carcinocultura., [ES] Los manglares son ecosistemas litorales con una gran importancia ambiental, económica y social. Los suelos de estos medios han sido poco estudiados, desconociéndose muchos aspectos de sus componentes, propiedades, procesos internos y su interacción con los agentes contaminantes que llegan a ellos. Estudios realizados en manglares del estado de Sao Paulo (Brasil) han permitido incorporar nuevos datos y comprender más adecuadamente la diferencia entre los suelos y los sedimentos de estos ambientes. Los procesos edafogéneticos observados en los manglares (adiciones, pérdidas, transformaciones y translocaciones) están fuertemente influenciados por el comportamiento biogeoquímico del Fe y del S y su relación con los microorganismos, vegetales superiores y macrofauna de invertebrados, capaces de interferir fuertemente en los procesos y condicionar las propiedades físico-químicas de los suelos (como pH y Eh) que, a su vez, controlan la especiación y comportamiento biogeoquímico de la mayor parte de los elementos presentes. En los suelos se encuentran minerales heredados, de ambientes marinos o continentales, y otros transformados y neoformados, junto a concentraciones elevadas de materia orgánica. Finalmente, se discuten los impactos antrópicos que sufren estos ecosistemas por contaminación con residuos domésticos, metales pesados, derrames de petróleo y los efectos adversos de la carcinocultura
- Published
- 2005
29. Utilización de residuos industriales ricos en yeso para la retención in situ de metales pesados
- Author
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García-González, M. T., Garrido, Fernando, Illera Muñoz, Virginia, and Vizcayno, Carmen
- Subjects
Residuos industriales ,Yeso ,Metales pesados - Abstract
patente de invención C09K 17/06 A62D 3/00, Utilización de residuos industriales ricos en yeso para la retención in situu de metales pesados. Los residuos industriales de naturaleza yesífera, pueden ser utilizados para la inmovilización de metales pesados y tanto para la prevención de procesos de contaminación como para el tratamiento de materiales ya contaminados. Esta invención se encuadra en el ámbito de la tecnología medioambiental y puede ser utilizada en todos aquellos sectores agrícolas e industriales en los que intervengan productos con pH ácido o neutro y alto contenido en metales pesados y cuyas actividades generen o puedan generar contaminación de suelos y aguas. Ejemplos concretos serían las industrias relacionadas con la fabricación del acero, fertilizantes, pinturas, industria minera, asi como la del tratamiento de residuos urbanos e industriales.
- Published
- 2005
30. Field application of industrial by-products as Al toxicity amendments: chemical and mineralogical implications
- Author
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Illera Muñoz, Virginia, Garrido, Fernando, Vizcayno, Carmen, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Toxicity ,Gypsum-like ,Lime - Abstract
12 pages, figures, and tables statistics., Lime, gypsum andvarious gypsum-like by-products have long been appliedto soil surfaces as ameliorants of soil acidity andaluminium andmanganese toxicity. We examinedchanges in chemical and mineralogical properties at two different depths in two acid soils one year after the application of gypsum, phosphogypsumþdolomitic residue, red gypsumþdolomitic residue, sugar foam, and sugar foamþminedgypsum. All treatments were foundto increase the proportion of Ca2þ andd ecrease those of Al3þ andMn 2þ in the exchange complex of the surface andsubsurface horizons, thus reducing its effective Al andMn saturation. However, the minedgypsum treatment resultedin losses of Mg2þ from the Ap horizon of the soils, andthe sugar foam treatment was not so effective with the AB horizons as the other treatments. The combined application of both gypsum-like by-products and the dolomitic residue proved the most effective choice with a view to reducing the effective Al and Mn saturation of the exchange complex in the Ap and AB horizons. In addition, both treatments reduced Mg2þ losses at both depths. Finally, all treatments resultedin the formation andretention on mineral andorganic surfaces of a large fraction of the Al3þ releasedby exchange with Ca2þ as Al polymers. This is quite consistent with the observedchanges in the CuCl2-, oxalate- andDTPA-extractable Al contents as well as by SEM and EDS analyses. Basedon these results, the use of the appropriate mixtures of these by-products is an effective alternative to that of mined gypsum and lime to alleviate soil acidity and reduce toxic concentrations of Al3þ andMn 2þ in agricultural acidsoils., This work was funded by Spain’s Ministry of Science and Technology andFertiberia, S.A. within the framework of research project AGF99-0828-C03-01. We are especially grateful to Laura Barrios for her assistance in the statistical treatment. Fertiberia, S.A., Huntsman Tioxide, S.A., Ebro, S.A andAcerinox, S.A. are gratefully acknowledgedfor supplying the waste samples studied.
- Published
- 2004
31. Immobilization of the heavy metals Cd, Cu and Pb in an acid soil amended with gypsum-and lime-rich industrial by-products
- Author
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Illera Muñoz, Virginia, Garrido, Fernando, Serrano, Susana, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
complex mixtures ,Cu ,Pb ,Cd - Abstract
11 pages, and figures, and tables statistics., In situ stabilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils by the addition of various types of soil amendment is an attractive technique for remediation. We investigated the potential of three industrial by-products (phosphogypsum, red gypsum and dolomitic residue) for boosting the heavy metal sorption capacity of an acid soil (patents pending, Spanish applications no 200201704 and 200201375) by using sorption isotherm experiments. The three by-products were found substantially to increase the retention of lead, cadmium and copper on the solid components of the soil. The increase in lead retention of the soil horizons upon the addition of both phosphogypsum and red gypsum was dominated by the formation of anglesite minerals. The dolomitic residue increased the metal retention capacity of the soil horizons through the precipitation of laurionite-type minerals as well as cadmium and copper hydroxy-chlorides. In addition to the batch sorption study, we used scanning electron microscopy to investigate the metal sorption processes in the soil by the effect of the treatments. Lead was frequently found to be linked to the edge charges of kaolinite minerals. The three metals were found to be associated with organic matter in the Ap horizon treated with the three by-products. Finally, the three metals were found to be associated with undissolved dolomitic residue particles.
- Published
- 2004
32. Utilización de fosfoyeso y espuma de azucarería para la retención in situ de arsénico en un suelo acido
- Author
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Aguilar Carrillo, Javier, Garrido, Fernando, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Espuma de azucarería ,Suelo ácido ,Fosfoyeso ,Arsénico - Abstract
1 página, El arsénico es un elemento relativamente escaso en la naturaleza pero que se encuentra ampliamente distribuido. Su presencia en los suelos está relacionada con el sustrato geológico...
- Published
- 2004
33. Evaluation of industrial by-products as soil acidity amendments: chemical and mineralogical implications
- Author
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Garrido, Fernando, Illera, V., Vizcayno, Carmen, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Soil acidity ,CuCl2 ,DTPA-extractable - Abstract
11 pages, figures, and tables statistics., Lime, mined gypsum and some gypsum-like by-products have been frequently applied to soil to counter acidity.We have examined the changes in the chemical and mineralogical properties of three acid soils resulting from the application of three industrial by-products (phosphogypsum, red gypsum and sugar foam). We did so in laboratory experiments on suspensions of soil in saturated solutions of the by-products
- Published
- 2003
34. The relevance of mineralogy for soil research
- Author
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García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Bayerita ,Burkeita ,Paragonita ,Mineralogía ,Smectita - Abstract
23 páginas, ilustraciones y tablas estadísticas, Some examples are shown in which the characteristics and formation mechanisms of some minerals have been studies...
- Published
- 2003
35. Estudio comparativo del comportamiento reológico de muestras lateríticas de diferentes yacimientos que procesa la Empresa Moa Niquel S.A
- Author
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Cerpa, A., Tartaj, P., García-González, M. T., Serna, C. J., and Garcia, Ing. A.
- Subjects
isoelectric point ,Reología ,viscosity ,lateritas ,viscocidad ,Rheology ,punto isoeléctrico ,latherites - Abstract
En el trabajo se realiza el estudio comparativo del comportamiento reológico de muestras lateríticas de diferentes yacimientos que procesa la Empresa Moa Niquel S.A, teniendo en cuenta el efecto del pH y la concentración de sólidos. Para comprender los diferentes comportamientos obtenidos, fue necesario realizar previamente la caracterización mineralógica y coloidequímica de las muestras de los yacimientos que se estudiaron, entre los cuales se encuentran: Yamaniguey, Atlantic y Zona A. La caracterización mineralógica dio como resultado que las muestras están constiutidas por diferentes proporciones de las fases goethita, serpentina y maghemita. Los resultados obtenidos de la caracterización coloidequímica permite concluir que el pH del punto isoeléctrico (p.i.e) de estas muestras depende fundamentalmente de la fase mineralógica que este en mayor proporción. Los resultados reológicos muestran que los valores de viscosidad cambian con el pH y la concentración de sólidos. Los valores máximos de viscosidad se obtienen a pH igual o cercanos al p.i.e, donde la velocidad de coagulación es máxima. Se pudo observar que las suspensiones presentan un comportamiento variable, desde plástico hasta alcanzar flujos seudoplásticos y newtonianos en dependencia de estos factores. In this work it is carried out a comparative study of the rheological behavior of different latherites, depending on the pH and solids concentration. To understand the different behaviors, it was formerly characterized the mineralogy and chemical colloidal properties of the samples studied. The mineralogical characterization resulted that samples are constituted by different proportions of goethita, serpentine and maghemita phases. The chemical colloidal evaluation concluded that the pH for isoelectricpoint of these samples depends on the mineralogical phase present in larger quantity. The rheological study showed that viscosity changes with pH and solids concentration. The maximum viscosity is obtained at or close isoelectric point pH where the speed of cagulation is maximum. It was observed a variable suspension behavior, from plastic to pseudoplastic and newtonian flows depending on these factors.
- Published
- 2003
36. Entomopathogenic nematodes and their natural enemies in a soil pollution gradient
- Author
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Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Escuer, Miguel, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, García-González, M. T., Duncan, L. W., Gutiérrez, Carmen, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Escuer, Miguel, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, García-González, M. T., Duncan, L. W., and Gutiérrez, Carmen
- Abstract
[Background/Question/Methods] Mining activities pollute the environment with by-products that cause unpredictable impacts in surrounding areas. Lead, zinc and iron have been mined at the Cartagena–La Unión mine in southeastern Spain for more than 2500 years. The mine closed in 1991 but high concentrations of metals and waste residues remain in this area. In order to characterize the effects of pollution gradients emanating from the mine on subterranean communities, we measured entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs, 6 species), nematophagous fungi (NF, 7 species), bacterial ectoparasites of EPNs (2 species) and a group of free-living nematodes that sometimes compete with EPNs (FLNs) using real-time qPCR. Target organisms and more than 30 soil physical-chemical properties were measured in soil samples (n=193) from six areas within a pollution gradient: Mined area-no vegetation (M-NV); Mined area–sparce vegetation (M-SV); Mine adjacent–sparce vegetation (MA-SV); Mine adjacent–heavy vegetation (MA-HV), Mine distant–sparse vegetation (MD-SV); Mine distant–agriculture (MD-Ag). Total nematodes were also determined by microscopy. The impacts of mining activity on the composition of these communities were estimated by univariate (correlations, Chi2, SPSS) and multivariate (Redundacy Analysis, RDA, CANOCO) analyses., [Results/Conclusions] PCR targeted organisms were detected in 69% of the samples. All nematode species were detected. The FLNs were more abundant (P<0.001) in non-mined, disturbed soils (MA-SV, MD-SV and MD-Ag), whereas the EPN Heterorhabditis indica also occupied all habitats, but with greatest abundance in M-SV. A second EPN, Steinernema feltiae, was detected throughout the mining gradient in both disturbed and undisturbed soils (M-SV, MA-HV and MD-SV). The remaining 3 EPN species occurred in single samples from M-SV and MA-HV. Five NF species, but no ectoparasitic bacteria were detected. Paecilomyces lilacinus and Catenaria sp. were common in all habitats, and Catenaria exhibited similar spatial patterns as the FLNs (P=0.065). Mined areas were significantly depauperate of nematodes, with soils characterized by low organic matter and pH, and high heavy metals contents. Redundacy Analysis explained 78.3% of species-environment relationships. Significant variables were pH, SOM, K, Carbonates, Mn, Zn, Mg and Pb. The first factor described the mining gradient, with total nematodes associated with plant nutrient elements and disassociated with heavy metals. The second factor associated FLNs and disassociated Catenaria sp. with Ca and P. Whereas FLNs responded strongly to the pollution gradient, EPNs appear to have adapted to any condition that might support arthropod hosts.
- Published
- 2013
37. Spatial relationships between soil nematodes and heavy metals contamination from mines of La Union (Spain)
- Author
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Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Escuer, Miguel, Artero, Francisco, García-González, M. T., Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Gutiérrez, Carmen, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Escuer, Miguel, Artero, Francisco, García-González, M. T., Campos-Herrera, Raquel, and Gutiérrez, Carmen
- Published
- 2013
38. Paleoclimatic implications of micromorphic features of a polygenetic soil in the Monegros Desert (NE-Spain)
- Author
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Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, Badia, D., Poch, R. M., Martí Dalmau, C., García-González, M. T., Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, Badia, D., Poch, R. M., Martí Dalmau, C., and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
[EN] Pedofeatures can be repositories of information about soil forming factors such as climate. The aim of this work is to provide a model of interpretation of a polygenetic soil in the Monegros desert (Ebro Basin, NE-Spain) and its relationship to environmental changes during the Quaternary. To achieve this goal, the physical, chemical, mineralogical and especially the micromorphic pedofeatures of this profile were studied. Carbonate accumulations extend into all of the horizons of the profile. The paleosol has a thick petrocalcic horizon at the top, with a massive-laminar structure comprising layers of micrite and sparite that sometimes form pendants. Towards its base, the petrocalcic horizon contains a spaced framework of orthic micrite nodules packed between relatively pure micritic laminar bands. Below the petrocalcic horizon, coatings and infillings of microcrystalline calcite occur in old channels, and soft concretions (some of them geodic) indicate an in situ accumulation process (Bkc, calcic horizon). Another calcic horizon with orthic nodules of calcite, impregnative and diffuse (Ckc), is present at the bottom part of the profile. Between the two nodular calcic horizons, two recarbonated argic horizons are found (Btkc and Btk) with coarse orthic nodules of dense micrite superimposed on textural pedofeatures. These textural micromorphic pedofeatures are: (1) interbedded microlaminated clay pockets not associated with current or past pores and (2) microlaminated clay and silt (dusty clay) present as weakly oriented coatings on channel walls. Reduction pedofeatures are associated with textural ones: (1) coatings of manganese oxides around pore channels and cracks, and (2) nodules of manganese and iron oxides within the peds. The presence of calcic horizons alternating with argic horizons, all positioned below the petrocalcic horizon, confirm fluctuations in paleohydrological conditions in the Pleistocene. Its presence indicates that the oldest soil correspon, [ES] Los edaforrasgos son el resultado de procesos y factores de formación, por lo que su presencia nos da información sobre los cambios ambientales que han tenido lugar con la evolución del suelo. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar un modelo de interpretación de un suelo policíclico en el Desierto de Monegros (Cuenca del Ebro, NE-España) y relacionarlo con los cambios ambientales a lo largo del Cuaternario. Para lograr este objetivo se describen las propiedades físicas, químicas, mineralógicas y micromorfológicas de este perfil. La carbonatación es evidente en todos y cada uno de los horizontes del perfil. En la parte superior, un grueso horizonte petrocálcico presenta una estructura laminar con capas de micrita y esparita, que a veces forman pendents. Hacia su base, estas capas laminares relativamente puras, micríticas, se intercalan con nódulos órticos de micrita. Por debajo del horizonte petrocálcico aparecen revestimientos y rellenos de calcita microcristalina en antiguos canales junto a nódulos blandos, geódicos (horizonte cálcico, Bkc), registro de un proceso de acumulación in situ. Otro horizonte con nódulos órticos de calcita, impregnativos y difusos se describen en la parte inferior del perfil (Ckc). Entre ambos horizontes cálcicos nodulares se encuentran horizontes árgicos recarbonatados con gruesos nódulos órticos de micrita densa, superpuestos a edaforrasgos texturales (Btkc y Btk). Los microedaforrasgos texturales encontrados en el horizonte árgico son de dos tipos: (1) intercalaciones de arcilla laminada en paquetes, no asociadas con poros actuales o pasados y (2) microlaminaciones de arcilla y limo recubriendo las paredes de poros, orientados débilmente. Asociados a estos rasgos texturales aparecen edaforrasgos de reducción: (1) hipo y cuasi-revestimientos de óxidos de manganeso alrededor de canales de poros y grietas, y (2) nódulos dendríticos, de óxidos de manganeso y hierro, dentro de agregados. La combinación de los edaforrasgos y horizo
- Published
- 2013
39. Ignimbrite as a substrate for endolithic life in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert: implications for the search for life on Mars
- Author
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Wierzchos, Jacek, Dávila, Alfonso F., Artieda, Octavio, Cámara Gallego, Beatriz, Ríos, Asunción de los, Nealson, Kenneth H., Valea, Sergio, García-González, M. T., Ascaso, Carmen, Wierzchos, Jacek, Dávila, Alfonso F., Artieda, Octavio, Cámara Gallego, Beatriz, Ríos, Asunción de los, Nealson, Kenneth H., Valea, Sergio, García-González, M. T., and Ascaso, Carmen
- Abstract
The hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert in Chile is considered the driest and most life-limited place on Earth, with few habitats capable of sustaining an active microbial ecosystem. As such, it is one of the best terrestrial analogues of the extreme arid conditions on Mars, and an ideal environment to explore survival and biological adaptation strategies as the environment becomes increasingly dry. Here we show that weakly welded rhyolitic ignimbrites in this desert are abundantly colonized by endolithic cyanobacteria and associated heterotrophic bacteria. We propose that the porous ignimbrite interior provides protection from damaging UV radiation and excessive levels of visible light. Rock porosity also favors cell hydration through water retention after scarce rainfall events, even when the surrounding environment remains stubbornly dry. This is the first known example of an endolithic microbial community colonizing ignimbrite rocks in an extremely dry environment. The existence of a habitat capable of supporting abundant phototrophic and heterotrophic communities in an environment that precludes most life forms suggests that, if similar deposits are found on Mars, these should be considered important targets in the search for life. Indeed, ignimbrite rocks have been tentatively identified in Gale Crater, the landing site of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission and could be directly analyzed by its rover Curiosity
- Published
- 2013
40. Kinetic and Surface Study of Single-Walled Aluminosilicate Nanotubes and Their Precursors
- Author
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Arancibia Miranda, Nicolás, Escudey, Mauricio, Molina, Mauricio, García-González, M. T., Arancibia Miranda, Nicolás, Escudey, Mauricio, Molina, Mauricio, and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
The structural and surface changes undergone by the different precursors that are produced during the synthesis of imogolite are reported. The surface changes that occur during the synthesis of imogolite were determined by electrophoretic migration (EM) measurements, which enabled the identification of the time at which the critical precursor of the nanoparticles was generated. A critical parameter for understanding the evolution of these precursors is the isoelectric point (IEP), of which variation revealed that the precursors modify the number of active ≡Al-OH and ≡Si-OH sites during the formation of imogolite. We also found that the IEP is displaced to a higher pH level as a consequence of the surface differentiation that occurs during the synthesis. At the same time, we established that the pH of the reaction (pHrx) decreases with the evolution and condensation of the precursors during aging. Integration of all of the obtained results related to the structural and surface properties allows an overall understanding of the different processes that occur and the products that are formed during the synthesis of imogolite.
- Published
- 2013
41. Mineralogía: una herramienta fundamental en el estudio de los suelos
- Author
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García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Paragonita ,Arcillas ,Micas - Abstract
22 páginas, ilustraciones y tablas estadísticas, Entre los constituyentes del suelo la fracción mineral es la parte más importante sin ella el suelo se reduce a un medio incapaz de poseer todas sus funciones......
- Published
- 2001
42. Sorción competitiva de Pb y Cd en dos suelos ácidos con características mineralógicas distintas
- Author
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Serrano, Susana, Garrido, Fernando, and García-González, M. T.
- Subjects
Suelos ácidos ,Mineralogía ,Pb ,Cd - Abstract
1 página, En los últimos años se ha producido una acumulación de metales pesados en el suelo como conseciencia de las actividades agrícolas e industriales. Ls disponibilidad y el destino final de esttos metales pesados van a estar controlados por los procesos de sorción que tienen lugar en la matriz del suelo
- Published
- 2001
43. Effect of the addition of industrial by-products on Cu, Zn, Pb and As leachability in a mine sediment
- Author
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Rodríguez Jordá, M. P., Garrido, Fernando, García-González, M. T., Rodríguez Jordá, M. P., Garrido, Fernando, and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
A series of incubation and leaching experiments were performed to assess the feasibility of three industrial by-products (red gypsum (RG), sugar foam (SF) and ashes from the combustion of biomass (ACB)) to reduce the leachability of Cu, Pb, Zn and As in a sediment of São Domingos mine (Portugal). The changes in the element solid phase speciation were also evaluated by applying a sequential extraction procedure. All amendments significantly reduced the leachability of Zn and Cu, whereas the treatment with RG + SF + ACB also decreased the mobility of As. The reduction in Cu leachability was especially remarkable. This could be due to the great affinity of carbonates (included in SF and SF + ACB amendments) to precipitate with Cu, and maghemite and rutile (RG amendment) for acting as relevant sorbents for Cu. Pb was the least mobile element in the sediment and none of the treatments reduced its mobility. The sequential extraction reveals that the amendments induced a significant decrease in the concentration of elements associated with the residual fraction. Cu, Pb and As are redistributed from the residual fraction to the Al, Fe, and Mn hydr(oxides) fraction and Zn from the residual fraction to the water/acid soluble, exchangeable and bound to carbonates pool.
- Published
- 2012
44. Efecto de la aplicación de yeso y de yeso+caliza en las formas de Al extraíble de unos suelos ácidos
- Author
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Vizcayno, Carmen, García-González, M. T., and Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica, DGICT (España)
- Abstract
Se estudia la influencia de la aplicación de yeso y de yeso+caliza en las distintas formas de Al extraible en dos suelos ácidos (plinthic Palexerult y arenic pachic Palexerult) reconstruidos en el laboratorio. La adición de yeso produce una despolimerización en el C no hidrolizable y aumenta la cantidad de Al extraído unido al materia orgánica en el plinthic Palexerult. La aplicación de yeso aumenta la proporción de todas la formas de Al extraído (unido a la materia orgánica, adsorbido, oxalato y citrato) respecto a la muestra control, excepto en el caso del Al cambiable en el plinthic Palexerult. Por regla general, la cantidad de Al extraído aumenta cuando la cantidad de yeso añadido es mayor., Esta investigación fue financiada por el Proyecto DGICYT PB94-39
- Published
- 2000
45. Evaluation of Two Industrial By-products as Soil Conditioners for Reducing Potential Aluminium Toxicity and Acidity in a Palexerult of Western Spain
- Author
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Garrido, Fernando, Aguilar Carrillo, Javier, García-González, M. T., Garrido, Fernando, Aguilar Carrillo, Javier, and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
A field experiment evaluated the effects of surface applications of two industrial by-products (sugar foam and phosphogypsum) to an acidic Ultisol of the temperate zone in Spain to ameliorate topsoil and subsurface acidity and potential aluminium (Al) toxicity. The by-products were applied in single and combined amendments and at two different rates. Two years after their application, it was determined that applications at a low rate of sugar foam and sugar foam + phosphogypsum increased the pH and the exchangeable calcium (Ca) and reduced the exchangeable Al in the surface horizon of the soil while only a significant reduction of exchangeable Al was obtained in the subsurface horizon. Long-term amelioration of acidity and potential Al toxicity were only achieved upon the addition of these treatments at high rate. The addition of sugar foam at a high rate provides an effective practice for long-term acidity amelioration from the surface downward.
- Published
- 2011
46. Use of isoelectric point and pH to evaluate the synthesis of a nanotubuar aluminosilicate
- Author
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Arancibia Miranda, Nicolás, Escudey, Mauricio, Molina, Mauricio, García-González, M. T., Arancibia Miranda, Nicolás, Escudey, Mauricio, Molina, Mauricio, and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
To follow the synthesis of imogolite, transmission electron microscopy is needed. In this paper, the isoelectric point (IEP) and the aging pH are proposed as alternative methods. Two synthetic procedures were used (S-I and S-II), both involving a co-precipitation followed by an aging treatment where the aluminosilicate evolves from proto-imogolite (detected after the co-precipitation step), to imogolite; its formation is reached after 120 h (S-I) or 168 h (S-II) of aging, depending on the co-precipitation method used. In S-I the isoelectric point increases from 7.1 to 10.5, while in S-II it increases from 6.6 to 9.2 during the aging treatment. Additionally, a linear relationship between the IEP and the pH at different aging steps was found. That relationship may be used to follow the process of synthesis by simply measuring the pH, becoming an alternative to more complex methods.
- Published
- 2011
47. Assessment of the use of industrial by-products for induced reduction of As, and Se potential leachability in an acid soil
- Author
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Rodríguez Jordá, M. P., Garrido, Fernando, García-González, M. T., Rodríguez Jordá, M. P., Garrido, Fernando, and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
Four industrial by-products (phosphogypsum, PG; red gypsum, RG; sugar foam, SF and ashes from the combustion of biomass, ACB) were evaluated as possible amendments for reducing the leachability and bioavailability of As and Se in a metalloid-spiked acidic soil. The treatments were applied as single, double and triple amendments and at two different rates. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated after a series of leaching experiments using a chelating agent (DTPA solution) or a weak acidification (acetic acid at pH 4.93). The most effective treatments (ACB and RG, both applied at high rate) were identified by means of Cluster Analysis using the leachability indexes. Different sorption mechanisms involved in the overall reduction of metalloid leachability were identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM-BSE and SEM-EDS). In the ACB-treated samples, Se was found associated to organic matter aggregates and to Fe compounds. In the RG-treated samples, EDS analyses showed that As and Se were associated to Fe/Ti (hydr)oxides phases which are present not only in the by-product as maghemite and rutile, but also in the soil as hematite and goethite. In addition, the application of RG induced the formation of non-crystalline Al-hydroxy polymers with As and Se in their composition.
- Published
- 2010
48. Smectite in mangrove soils of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Author
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Souza Júnior, Valdomiro Severino de, Vidal Torrado, Pablo, García-González, M. T., Macías, Felipe, Otero, Xosé Luis, Souza Júnior, Valdomiro Severino de, Vidal Torrado, Pablo, García-González, M. T., Macías, Felipe, and Otero, Xosé Luis
- Abstract
Smectitic clay minerals are frequently identified in mangrove soils, but there is little information about their types and origins. Besides their importance in the agronomical and geotechnical areas, smectites play an important environmental role by adsorbing nutrients, organic pollutants and heavy metals. Smectites found in mangrove soils can be of marine or continental detrital origin, or of neoformation origin. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the types of smectites present in the State of São Paulo mangrove soils (Brazil), and to relate them to their possible origins. Soil samples were taken in five mangroves along the State of Sao Paulo State coast line. The mineral composition of the clay fraction was identified by X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) applying the Greene-Kelly test and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Highlighting the peaks in the 3,560 cm–1 band and in the region near 798 and 820 cm–1, there was a predominance of nontronite in the soil at the Sítio Grande River, Pai Matos Island, Caranguejo Island and Itapanhaú River mangroves, and possibly a lower concentration of ferric montmorillonite in the Escuro River mangrove. Since the continental sediments in these environments are very poor in smectite, the origin of these minerals in the mangrove soils studied is related to sedimentation left by past marine transgressions, to neoformation processes, or yet to a combination of both origins.
- Published
- 2010
49. Potential use of gypsum and lime rich industrial by-products for induced reduction of Pb. Zn and Ni leachability in an acid soil
- Author
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Rodríguez Jordá, M. P., Garrido, Fernando, García-González, M. T., Rodríguez Jordá, M. P., Garrido, Fernando, and García-González, M. T.
- Abstract
This study evaluates the potential use of four industrial by-products (phosphogypsum (PG), red gypsum (RG), sugar foam (SF), and ashes from biomass combustion (ACB)), applied at two rates in single and combined amendments to reduce the mobility and availability of Pb, Zn and Ni in a metal-spiked acid soil. Leaching experiments were done to estimate leachability indexes and assess their effectiveness. Most of the treatments significantly reduced the metal leachability although only a few were effective for all metals. Based on principal component and cluster analysis, sugar foam (SF) and a mixture of RG and ACB (RG+ACB), both applied at high rate, were selected as first choices to reduce mobility and availability of the three metals. Metal sorption mechanisms involved in the reduction of their leachability were identified using scanning electron microscopy. In the SF-treated samples, the metals were found associated to amorphous Al-hydroxy polymers deposited on phyllosilicates and organic matter particles. In the (RG+ACB)-treated samples, Pb, Zn, and traces of Ni were found associated to Fe/Ti oxide phases with a significant concentration of S, suggesting the formation of metal-sulfate ternary complexes.
- Published
- 2010
50. Retención in situ de elementos tóxicos en suelos ácidos mediante la adición de subproductos industriales
- Author
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Garrido, Fernando, García-González, M. T., Rodríguez Jordá, M. P., Garrido, Fernando, García-González, M. T., and Rodríguez Jordá, M. P.
- Published
- 2009
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