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Background: Restoration of blood flow during ischemic stroke leads to Cerebral Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury (CIRI) by activating neuroinflammatory cascades. Pomelo Peel Volatile Oil (PPVO) extracted from Citrus maxima (Burm.) from the genus Rutaceae, comprises some antiinflammatory ingredients, such as limonene and β-myrcene. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect of PPVO on alleviating CIRI related to the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway. Methods: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO/R) was performed on 65 rats, which were then distributed into five groups (n = 13/group) depending on the intervention they received: Normal Saline (NS) group, normal Glycerin (GL) group, low-dose PPVO (LP, 10mg/kg) group, high-dose PPVO (HP, 30 mg/kg) group, and Sham-operated (SH) group. Neurological Deficit Scores (NDSs) and histological changes were evaluated. Infarct volumes were measured by 2,3,5- Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining. The expression of TLR4 and neutrophil infiltration were detected by Immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Moreover, the downstream molecules of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, p-IκB/IκB, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 were analyzed by Western Blot (WB). Results & Discussion: The results showed that PPVO (30 mg/kg) significantly decreased infarct volumes, improved neurological deficits and pathologic changes, inhibited TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway suppressed neutrophil infiltration, and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Conclusion: It can be concluded that PPVO may alleviate neuroinflammation and protect against CIRI via inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Context Pomelo peel oil (PPO) [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (Rutaceae)] is reported to possess antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities. Objective To investigate the effect of PPO [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. cv. Shatian Yu] on tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced necroptosis in cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) after cardiac arrest (CA). Materials and methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups: sham group, PP0-L (10 mg/kg), PPO-M (20 mg/kg), PPO-H (40 mg/kg) and two control groups (CA, 0.9% saline; Gly, 10% glycerol). All drugs were administered intravenously to the CA/CPR rats within 10 min after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). After 24 h, rats were assessed for neuronal injury via the neurological deficit score (NDS), cerebral cortex staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and expression levels of TNF-α and necroptosis-related proteins by immunoreactivity staining and western blotting. Results Compared to those in the sham group (survival rate, 100% and NDS, 80), the survival rate and NDS were significantly reduced in the model groups (CA, 56.25%, 70; Gly, 62.5%, 71; PPO-L, 75%, 72; PPO-M, 87.5%, 75; PPO-H, 81.25%, 74). In the PPO-M group, Nissl bodies were significantly increased (43.67 ± 1.906 vs. 17 ± 1.732), the incidence of pathomorphological injury was lower and the necroptosis markers (TNF-α, RIPK1, RIPK3, p-MLKL/MLKL) expression was downregulated compared to those in the CA group (p

The NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and pro-caspase-1 protein complexes, is activated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are associated with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and are involved in brain damage. Pomelo peel oil (PPO) exhibits antioxidant activity. However, it is unclear whether PPO is able to attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation and pyroptosis. Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 7 min of cardiac arrest via trans-esophageal electrical stimulation, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The rats were then treated with PPO prior to reperfusion for 24 h. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate brain tissue and cell damage. In the brain tissues, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed, immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of NLRP3 and western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of neuroenolase (NSE), NF-κB, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Treatment of the rats with PPO significantly decreased the pathological damage of the brain tissue and reduced the expression of NSE, production of ROS and secretion of NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β and GSDMD. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the ability of PPO to protect the brain against I/R injury in rats after CPR by a mechanism involving inhibition of the inflammation and pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

The obtuse triangular defects would result in higher leakage currents and the preferential gate oxide breakdown of SiC devices. The formation and structural features of obtuse triangular defects on the 4° off 4H-SiC epilayers were investigated by confocal microscope and photoluminescence image. Two structrures of obtuse triangular defects were found. By optimizing the growth process, obtuse triangular defect free epitaxial layers were abtained on SiC substrate with serveral stacking fault. The number of triangular SFs defects was less than 0.5/cm2.

Background Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) is the leading cause of poor neurological prognosis after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We previously reported that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation mediates CIRI. Here, we explored the potential ERK/calpain-2 pathway role in CIRI using a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA). Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats suffered from CA/CPR-induced CIRI, received saline, DMSO, PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor, 0.3 mg/kg), or MDL28170 (calpain inhibitor, 3.0 mg/kg) after spontaneous circulation recovery. The survival rate and the neurological deficit score (NDS) were utilized to assess the brain function. Hematoxylin stain, Nissl staining, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the neuron injury. The expression levels of p-ERK, ERK, calpain-2, neuroinflammation-related markers (GFAP, Iba1, IL-1β, TNF-α), and necroptosis proteins (TNFR1, RIPK1, RIPK3, p-MLKL, and MLKL) in the brain tissues were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the p-ERK, calpain-2, and RIPK3 co-expression in neurons, and RIPK3 expression levels in microglia or astrocytes. Results At 24 h after CA/CPR, the rats in the saline-treated and DMSO groups presented with injury tissue morphology, low NDS, ERK/calpain-2 pathway activation, and inflammatory cytokine and necroptosis protein over-expression in the brain tissue. After PD98059 and MDL28170 treatment, the brain function was improved, while inflammatory response and necroptosis were suppressed by ERK/calpain-2 pathway inhibition. Conclusion Inflammation activation and necroptosis involved in CA/CPR-induced CIRI were regulated by the ERK/calpain-2 signaling pathway. Inhibition of that pathway can reduce neuroinflammation and necroptosis after CIRI in the CA model rats.

BaTiO3/La2O3 nanopowders were synthesized by a low-temperature soft chemical method, and then the BaTiO3/La2O3 composite ceramics were prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the prepared powders and ceramics. And the dielectric properties of the BaTiO3/La2O3 composite ceramics were studied. The results revealed that some of La3+ ions dissolved into the lattice of BaTiO3 at Ba-site and the rest remained at grain boundaries in oxide form of La2O3. With the content of La2O3 increasing, Curie peak of the BaTiO3/La2O3 composite ceramics moved to a lower temperature, and the dielectric loss of the BaTiO3/La2O3 composite ceramics decreased significantly, while the dielectric tunability still kept a relatively high value. The dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of BaTiO3/La2O3 composite with 10 at.% La2O3 was 227 and 0.0026 at 25 oC and 10 kHz, meanwhile the tunability was up to 17.4% under the electric field of 20 kV/cm.

Objectives Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mediates mitochondrial fission and triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation. FK866 (a NAMPT inhibitor) exerts a neuroprotective effect in ischemia/reperfusion injury through the suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction. We explored the effects of FK866 on pyroptosis and inflammation mediated by Drp1 in a cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) rat model. Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 7 min CA by trans-esophageal electrical stimulation followed by CPR. The surviving rats were treated with FK866 (a selective inhibitor of NAMPT), Mdivi-1 (Drp1 inhibitor), FK866 + Mdivi-1, or vehicle and then underwent 24 h reperfusion. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (to detect NSE) were used to evaluate brain injury. We performed immunofluorescent staining to analyze NLRP3 and GSDMD expression in microglia or astrocytes and western blot to determine expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, GSDMD, Drp1, and Mfn2. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe mitochondria. Results FK866 significantly decreased pathological damage to brain tissue, inhibited the activation of NLRP3 in microglia or astrocytes, downregulated the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, GSDMD, p-Drp1 protein, upregulated Mfn2 and improve mitochondrial morphology. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that FK866 protects the brain against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats after CA/CPR by inhibiting pyroptosis and inflammation mediated by Drp1.

La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO)/Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.65Ti0.35O3 (PLZT) composite film was fabricated on a (001) LaAlO3 (LAO) single crystal substrate by a sol-gel technique. The results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that LSMO and PLZT could grow successively on LAO substrate with (001) preferred orientation. The ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties of LAO/LSMO/PLZT composite film were also investigated. The results showed that the remnant polarization Pr, and coercive field Ec of the composite film at room temperature were 36.38 μC/cm2 and 512.43 kV/cm respectively. Moreover, the composite film exhibited significant ferromagnetic hysteresis loops and soft magnetic behavior at temperatures lower than 250 K.

In order to prevent Zn2SiO4:Mn2+with short decay time for 3D plasma display panels (PDPs) from the deterioration of the luminescence efficiency caused by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation, MgF2coated Zn2SiO4:Mn2+phosphor samples were prepared by a sol-gel process. The influence of the coating percentage on the photoluminescence properties was investigated.The results show that: MgF2coatings can improve the Zn2SiO4:Mn2+phosphor emission intensity, brightness as well as VUV irradiation stability. And the optimal coating percentage on the luminescent intensity is also achieved: under 147 excitation, the optimal MgF2coating mass ratio is 0.8%, with the best brightness of 11.5% and improved VUV irradiation stability, compared with the raw phosphor.

A mild synthetic process using formic acid as the reduction agent was applied to prepare 40 wt% Pt/carbon aerogel (CA) electrocatalyst. The as-prepared sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical measurements. The results exhibit Pt nanoparticles with narrow particle size distribution are dispersed throughout carbon aerogel structure. Moreover, the Pt/CA catalyst has smaller Pt nanoparticle mean size than Johnson Matthey HiSpecTM 4000 (JM4000). The electrochemical measurement results indicate that the Pt/CA catalyst with Pt loading of 40 wt% possesses similar electrochemical surface area (ESA) value and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity as JM4000.

Using a low-fluorine solution, YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) superconducting films were prepared on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates by dip-coating method. YBCO films were fired at different temperatures with same oxygen pressure of 1.3 vol% and water vapor pressure of 7.4 vol%. Effect of firing temperature on film microstructure and superconductivity was investigated. The results indicated that YBCO films with high-degree c-axis orientation (the degree of c-axis orientation reached 96%) can be obtained when heat treated at 800 °C. At this temperature YBCO films were grown on LAO with cubic-on-cubic mode, resulting in a high critical transition temperature (Tc) of 91.5 K, and critical current density (Jc) of lager than 1 MA/cm2. However, when fired at lower temperatures, YBCO films trended to form a-axis grains, which degraded Jc of films. And a higher heat treatment temperature also depressed superconductivityof YBCO films.

Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4-Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (NZFO-PZT) composite films were prepared using sol–gel method on Si (100) substrate with different bilayer structures, namely, the NZFO/PZT (NP) and the PZT/NZFO (PN). Their structure, magnetic and ferroelectric properties were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and ferroelectric testing unit. Both the NP and the PN films exhibit coexistence of magnetic and ferroelectric properties. The overlapping sequence has much influence on the electrical properties. Whereas, such an overlapping structure of the films has slightly effect on its magnetic properties. The NP structured composite film is more suitable to get a promising magnetoelectric coupling.

We investigated unipolar resistance switching in CuxO thin films. We studied on the resistive switching behavior associated with the annealing temperature of CuxO thin films and focused on HRTEM, XPS and AFM analyses. In this paper we investigated the surface and interface structures of CuxO films. Results show that there is a mount of oxygen content in the CuxO thin films which is contained in Cu (Ⅱ) oxides and Cu (Ⅰ) oxides. When annealing temperature increases the qualification of oxygen vacancies increase and more oxygen vacancies is connected with top and bottom electrode.

A superplasticizer (WPS) was synthesized from waste plexiglas and sodium allysulfonate in this paper. Poly (methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) grafling sodium allysulfonate (PMMA-g-AS) was prepared through reactive extrusion in self-single screw extruder and hydrolysis reaction. The structures of the WPS was characterized by FT-IR spectrometer. The results show that structure of the WPS are clear. By using UV-visible adsorption spectrophotometer, micro-electrophoresis potential analyzer, and X-ray photo spectroscopy, the adsorption characteristics and surface electrochemical properties of WPS were studied in comparison with traditional naphthalene sulfonated formaldehyde condensates (FDN) whose dispersion ability mainly depends on electrostatic repulsive forces. The results indicated that the adsorption behavior of WPS on gypsum particles follows a Langmuir isothermal adsorption model with an adsorption heat of 18.79 kJ/mol and an adsorption layer thickness of 17. 52 nm. Adsorption isotherm suggested that Langmiur single layer adsorption occurred during the process of adsorption of WPS and FDN on gypsum particles.

In this study, by using UV-visible adsorption spectrophotometer, ζ-potential analyzer and X-ray photo spectroscopy, the adsorption characteristics and surface electrochemical properties of WPS were studied in comparison with traditional naphthalene sulfonated formaldehyde condensates (FDN) whose dispersion ability mainly depends on electrostatic repulsive forces. WPS was prepared through free radical copolymerization in self-Single screw reactive extruder and synthesized from waste plexiglas and vinyl monomers by way of special extrusion modification. The results show that the adsorption of WPS and FDN on cement particle surface approximately conforms to Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of WPS belongs to physical adsorption and its saturated adsorbed quantity was 5.38mg/g. When the dosage of WPS was 1 wt.% of cement, the thickness of the adsorption layer on the surface of cement particles was 61.2 nm. The ζ-potential of cement particle with WPS changed from positive (15 mV) to negative (-64.74mV) with its concentration increasing from 0 to 20 g/L and decreased from -65.19 to-39.82 mV (reducing by 38.9%) with its concentration of 10 g/L within 60 h.

Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) film is one of the most promising transparent conducting materials. It can be used for Low-E glasses, thin film solar cells, displays, etc. FTO film can be fabricated by various techniques. The technique of sol-gel combined with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis gives the possibility to produce high-quality large-scale FTO films. In this paper, the FTO sol is successfully prepared using pentahydrate stannic chloride (SnCl4•5H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF) and methanol. Using the FTO sol, FTO films are prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize the FTO films coated on glass substrates. Results indicate that the as-deposited films are polycrystalline SnO2 phase with tetragonal crystal structure, and that the average grain size for the samples is 160nm. The optical and electrical properties of the FTO film are also analyzed.

A novel large thiophene-fused polycyclic aromatics 1 based on pyrene 5 has been synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS, UV–vis and elemental analysis. The key steps of the synthesis involved the Stille cross-coupling reaction and followed by selective β - β oxidative cyclization of pendant thienyl rings by FeCl 3 under mild conditions.

Due to its perovskite crystal structure and good conductivity, LaNiO3(LNO) can be used as the electrode for piezoelectric and ferroelectric films. With the development of the silicon-based integrated ferroelectrics, preparation of LNO electrode film with good conductivity is of great importance for high-performance ferroelectric films. In this paper, LNO sol was prepared using the nickel acetate and the lanthanum nitrate as starting materials, with the acrylic acid as stablizer. Through the sol-gel process, LNO films with certain crystal orientation were prepared on silicon substrate. The film microstructure and electrical properties were analyzed. Results indicate that through proper sol component and heat treatment process, (100)-oriented, mirror-like LNO films with low surface resistance of 50 Ω/ can be obtained, which can be used as the electrode for the ferroelectric films.

Amorphous SiO2 thin films were fabricated at different temperatures using sol-gel technique. The unipolar resistive switching behavior was observed in Cu/ SiO2/ ATO (SnO2: Sb) sandwiched structure when the SiO2 thin film annealed at 500°C. The average ratio of Roff /Ron is 102. We investigated the successful device using HRTEM and XPS. It shows that the Cu defuses into the SiO2 thin film and it forms CuSiO3 in the interface between SiO2 and ATO films according to the high resolution images.

Carbonate hydroxylapatite (CHAP) with different carbon content synthesized by precipitation, As raw material to calcium nitrate、potassium phosphate、potassium carbonate, by changing the incorporation of potassium carbonate.The CHAP was characterized by XRD、TEM and FTIR. And through analysis compared structure and morphology of carbon hydroxyapatite with different carbon content.

The crystalline phase and morphology of the products formed during the synthesis of yttrium oxide via the hydrothermal treatment yttrium nitrate were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Products with high OH/NO3ratios are formed with the increasing of hydrothermal treatment. The crystalline phases are evolved from Y2(OH)5.14(NO3)0.86•H2O toY4O(OH)9(NO3) and finally Y(OH)3. The hydrothermal reaction conditions play an important role in the synthesis of the microstructures. Results show the particle size and final morphology of samples could be controlled by reaction temperature, reaction time, and OH-concentration. Sheets, hexagonal and needle-like Y2O3powders are obtained with the hydrothermal treatment of yittrium nitrate at 180 oC to 200oC for 2-8 hours at pH 9-13.

SnO2:F transparent conductive thin films with the area of 500×500mm2 were deposited on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis using SnCl4•5H2O and HF as the starting material and dopant respectively in methanol. The effects of HF concentration on the crystallized status, microstructures, transmittance, conductivity and low emissivity performances of the films have been studied. The results indicated that when HF content was excessive the solution presented strong acidity and it was difficult to obtain the uniform and dense films. However, when HF content was less, the conductivity of the film was poor. In this paper, The optimal mount of dopant HF was investigated and the molar ratio of Sn to F is 1:0.5. And also the uniform and dense SnO2:F transparent conductive oxide thin films can be obtained, whose resistivity reached 6.36×10-4Ω•cm, and the average transmittance in visible region was 80%.The low emissivity of this film was 0.25, which could be used as the Low-E glass.

Using La(NO3)3•nH2O and Ni(CH3COO)2•4H2O as starting materials, alcohol mixed with methoxyethanol as solvent, the LaNiO3 (LNO) solution was prepared. Using this solution, conducting LNO films with sheet resistance of 10Ω were obtained. XRD and HRTEM indicate that the LNO films are epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates. Using Pb(CH3COO)2•3H2O, La(NO3)3•nH2O, Ti(OC4H9)4, Zr(OC4H9)4 as starting materials, the PZT films were prepared on the LNO films. The PZT films are c-oriented. The as-prepared PZT film has a remanent polarization of 34.7µC/cm2, superior to the PZT film with random orientation and a remanent polarization of 18.4µC/cm2 prepared on ITO/quartz substrate.

In this paper, fluorine & antimony-doped tin oxide (FATO) transparent conductive thin films are deposited by Spray Pyrolysis on glass substrate, and low emissivity properties achieved. The emissivity of glass in far infrared region is optimized by changing the spray volume, the resistivity and sheet resistance of thin films. Research shows that the resistivity of thin films has important influence on infrared reflectance and hemispheric emissivity. This paper further investigates the quantitative relationship between emissivity and resistivity of low-E glass and also provides a basis for emissivity control and performance evaluation of Low-E glass.

RuO2/TiO2 films were deposited on float pearls (FP) by the sol-gel-dipping method. The substrates were coated with RuO2/TiO2 precursor sol, air-dried at 120C and further heated at 500C to obtain the coupled photocatalyst of RuO2/TiO2 films supported on FP (RuO2/TiO2/FP). The structure of coupled photocatalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR technique, respectively. The results showed TiO2 has anatase structure and doped RuO2 was highly dispersed on the surface of TiO2 particles as amorphous. The average thickness of RuO2/TiO2 films (3 layers) on FP was determined to be about 1 m. This study was carried out under the following conditions: volume 60 mL, initial concentration of beta-cypermethrin (BEC) 45 mg/L, pH 6.5, amount of RuO2/TiO2/PF 5 g/L, air flow rate 200 mL/min, reaction time 60 min. The degradation rates of BEC are 88.1% (125 W Hg lamp), 82.8% (8 W UV lamp), and 75.1% (8 W solar lamp), respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of BEC was experimentally demonstrated to follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, and the reaction rate constant (17.5 mg/(L min)) and the adsorption constant (3.486 L/g) were determined, respectively. It was also found that the RuO2/TiO2/FP photocatalyst has significantly the visible light photoactivity for degradation of BEC.

with yttrium, barium, copper acetates as starting materials, a low-fluorine-content solution was prepared. YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films on LaAlO3 (LAO) single crystal substrates were fabricated by a new TFA-MOD method. Solution-derived YBCO films exhibited epitaxial growth, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The humidity of the furnace atmosphere during annealing process influences the texture of YBCO film. Under high-humidity of furnace atmosphere, a-oriented grains, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were generated on film surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), however, indicated that although a-axis oriented grains formed on the film surface, c-axis oriented grains occupied the area near the YBCO/LAO interface. High-performance YBCO films with Tc above 90K, and Jc more than 106A/cm2 at 77 K and zero magnetic field were obtained.

precursor solution was prepared using barium trifluoroacetae (Ba-TFA) and non-fluorine yttrium (Y) and copper (Cu) organic salts. The precursor solution was modified by benzalacetone (BzAcH), in which the Cu2+ were chelated with BzAcH, which preventing the loss of Cu in the pyrolysis process. Dense YBCO superconducting films with smooth surface, which confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were repeatedly obtained through sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) 2θ scanning and φ scanning indicated that the as-prepared YBCO films had good c-axis texture. YBCO films with superconducting transition temperature (TC) above 89K were obtained.

YxVO4: 0.01Dy3+ and Y0.99-x V04: 0.01Dy3+, xBi3+ phosphors were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation method. Their crystal structure, micromorphology and photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM) and spectrofluorometer. YxVO4: 0.01Dy3+ and Y0.99--xVO4: 0.01Dy3+, xBi3+ phosphors have a broad excitation band from about 250 to 350 nm including a strongest peak at about 310 nm. Under its excitation, the emission spectra exhibits two sharp peaks, one of which centered at about 483 nm for 4F9/2--6H15/2 transition of Dy3+ and the other at about 574 nm due to the 4F9/2--6 H13/2 transition of Dy+. For YxVO4: 0.01Dy3+, (x = 0.94, 0.97, 0.99, 1.01, 1.03) phosphor, with increasing value of x, the body color of phosphor changes from yellow to white and the strongest peak in the excitation spectra shifts a little to shorter wavelength. It is detrimental to luminous intensity when Y3+ content deviates stoichiometric ratio. For Y0.99--x VO4: 0.01Dy3+, xBi3+ (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25) phosphor, the samples have extraneous bismuth vanadium oxide phase except for the major tetragonal zircon structure when xor = 0.20. With increasing value of x, the band edge in the excitation spectra shifts to longer wavelength, the excitation intensity and luminous intensity increase early and decrease late. When the value of x is 0.01, the intensities increase evidently. In addition, the influence of Y3+ or Bi3+ on the color temperature of emission and micromorphology of YVO4:Dy3+ is slight.

RuO2/TiQ2 coupled photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel-dipping method. Being a model reaction, the photocatalytic degradation of direct fast black G was investigated in RuO2/TiO2 powder suspension irradiated by UV-lamp. The results showed that the addition of RuO2 to TiO2 greatly enhanced its photocatalytic activity, and the optimum dipped content of RuO2 was 0.16%, the optimum value of the calcinations temperature and the addition of RuO2/TiO2 powder were 500 degrees C and 5.00 g x L(-1), respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of direct fast black G was experimentally demonstrated to follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, and the adsorption constant (14.22 L x mmol(-1)) and the reaction rate constant [4.94 x 10(-3) mmol(L x min)(-1)] were determined, respectively.