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This article discusses the acceptability of antipsychotic transdermal patches as a treatment option for acute schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications are commonly used for managing psychosis and preventing relapse in individuals with schizophrenia. While previous studies have shown that long-acting injectable antipsychotics are more effective in preventing relapse compared to oral antipsychotics, the role of transdermal delivery systems remains unclear. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the acceptability of transdermal patches versus oral antipsychotics in people with acute schizophrenia. The results suggest that transdermal patches may be more acceptable in terms of all-cause discontinuation rates, potentially due to their favorable tolerability profile and visible proof of adherence. However, further research is needed to fully understand the acceptability and treatment outcomes of different formulations. [Extracted from the article]

Research universities and the federal government partner to foster societal, scientific, and technological advancements, but the federal research grant process is criticized for its procedural inefficiencies. Principal investigators and research administrators lament losing time to bureaucratic regulations, unwieldy processes, and burgeoning reporting standards. As the cost of higher education is increasingly scrutinized, existing procedures warrant examination to identify areas of undue administrative burden and subsequently restructuring to ameliorate cumbersome inefficiencies. The purpose of this study is to identify areas of administrative burden among post-award research administrators (PARA). Ninety-six PARA were surveyed. Several overlapping themes emerged, such as frequently changing regulations and excessive reporting requirements. The suggestions to alleviate administrative burden included standardizing federal grant management systems, regulations, forms, and cash management systems and limiting the rate of changes to federal grant management systems and regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived (FEAD), the European Union (EU) acts as a 'material supporter' of national welfare states. Remarkably, the European Social Fund Plus, integrating ESF and FEAD, is presented as the main financial instrument to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). This raises the question of what these levers can do in terms of financial support, especially for Member States with greater social needs. By using the Social Scoreboard indicators that monitor the implementation of the EPSR, we analyse the size and distribution of ESF and FEAD according to Member States' economic capacity, social needs and efforts required to meet the European social goals. We find that the funds benefit relatively more the poorer Member States who also tend to have greater social needs. However, especially for ESF, there are significant deviations from this general pattern. Some countries consistently receive less funding than others with similar levels of social needs, and vice versa. Moreover, if, from the perspective of upward convergence, the budgets are expressed as a percentage of the efforts required to lift all income‐poor citizens to the EU‐wide at‐risk‐of‐poverty threshold, countries who need to make the greatest efforts receive less funding. These outcomes are partly driven by the funds' allocation rules, which give only little importance to the great social discrepancies between countries. This raises the question whether social needs should be taken more into account in the distribution of the funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abbreviations ER estrogen receptor MEST mixed epithelial and stromal tumor PgR progesterone receptor WHO World Health Organization Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors (MESTs) are rare benign renal neoplasms involving the proliferation of both epithelial and mesenchymal components. While an association between the development of MEST and renal failure has not previously been reported, one case concerning heterochronous bilateral MESTs in a patient with end-stage renal failure has been reported.[5] MEST is usually described as a unilateral disease, but this type of tumor can occur in bilateral kidneys in patients with end-stage renal failure. Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor synchronously detected in bilateral kidneys with end-stage renal failure. [Extracted from the article]

2 Rapidity spectra of protons produced in the 20% most central Be+Be collisions. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the CERN EP, BE, HSE and EN Departments for the strong support of NA61/SHINE. Erratum to: Measurements of ±, K±, p and p spectra in 7Be+9Be collisions at beam momenta from 19A to 150A GeV/c with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS: NA61/SHINE Collaboration. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the phenomenon of hikikomori, which refers to individuals who stay at home and avoid social participation for more than 6 months. The study aims to distinguish between nonpathological hikikomori and pathological hikikomori, which involves significant distress and functional impairments. The researchers also explore the association between hikikomori and gaming disorder tendencies among nonworking adults in Japan. The study finds that individuals in the early stages of pathological hikikomori have a higher tendency for gaming disorder, which may be influenced by depressive symptoms and functional impairments. The study suggests that early intervention for gaming disorder may help prevent or alleviate prolonged hikikomori situations. Further research is needed to establish a causal relationship. [Extracted from the article]

Furthermore, the superiority of I N i -acetylcysteine to placebo remained in both subgroups [SMD (95% CI): individuals in the acute phase = -1.22 (-1.50, -0.95); individuals in the nonacute phase = -0.40 (-0.63, -0.20)]. Recently, glutamate-cysteine ligase knockout mice demonstrated that abnormal sleep-wake cycle such as sleep fragmentation and a reduction of sleep spindle in which were observed in individuals with schizophrenia.[1] Glutamate-cysteine ligase is the key glutathione synthesis.[1] Treatment with I N i -acetylcysteine, a precursor of endogenous antioxidant glutathione that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, restored these abnormalities.[1] Recently, two meta-analyses were conducted on individuals with schizophrenia (Table S1).[[2]] Yolland reported that the overall symptoms of individuals with schizophrenia improved when they received I N i -acetylcysteine for 24 weeks or longer ( I K i = 2; Table S1).[3] Furthermore, Jeppesen reported that I N i -acetylcysteine improved individuals' overall symptoms, but the results exhibited considerable heterogeneity ( I K i = 5, Table S1).[2] Because the number of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials (DBRPCTs) included in the meta-analyses were small, the results might not be robust. I N i -acetylcysteine outperformed the placebo in terms of PANSS total score (SMD = -0.74, 95% CI = -1.07, -0.41, I P i < 0.001), PANSS positive subscale score (SMD = -0.18, 95% CI = -0.34, -0.02, I P i = 0.027), PANSS negative subscale score (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI = -1.04, -0.15, I P i = 0.009), PANSS general subscale score (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI = -0.68, -0.14, I P i = 0.003), attention score (SMD = -0.40, 95% CI = -0.64, -0.16, I P i = 0.001), and working memory score (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI = -1.00, -0.13, I P i = 0.012) (Table 1 and Figure S2). [Extracted from the article]

Since 2018, a project of MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, titled "Science of Soft Robots: Interdisciplinary integration of mechatronics, material science, and bio-computing" has been in progress. This major research project on soft robotics in Japan has a research period of 5 years. An outline of the project is presented herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: How much residual cryoprotectant remains in thawed/warmed ovarian tissues after slow freezing or vitrification?Summary Answer: After thawing/warming, at least 60 min of diffusion washing in media was necessary to significantly reduce the residual cryoprotectants in ovarian tissues frozen by slow freezing or vitrification.What Is Known Already: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) by slow freezing has been the conventional method; while the vitrification method has gained popularity for its practicality. The main concern about vitrification is how much potentially toxic residual cryoprotectant remains in the warmed tissues at the time of transplantation.Study Design, Size, Duration: This was an animal study using the ovarian tissues from 20 bovine ovaries. The duration of this study was from 2018 to 2020.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Ovarian cortex tissues were prepared from 20 bovine ovaries and assigned randomly to groups of fresh (non-frozen) control, slow freezing with 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1.5 M 1,2-propanediol (PROH) and vitrification with 35% ethylene glycol (EG). The residual cryoprotectant concentrations in thawed/warmed tissues were measured by gas chromatography at the following time points: frozen (before thawing/warming), 0 min (immediately after thawing/warming), 30, 60 and 120 min after diffusion washing in media. Next, the ultrastructural changes of primordial follicles, granulosa cells, organelles and stromal cells in the ovarian tissues (1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm) were examined in fresh (non-frozen) control, slow freezing with DMSO or PROH and vitrification with EG groups. Real-time quantitative PCR was carried out to examine the expressions of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), a DNA damage sensor and caspase-3 (CASP3), an apoptosis precursor, in thawed/warmed ovarian tissues that were washed for either 0 or 120 min and subsequently in tissues that were ex vivo cultured for 24 or 48 h. The same set of tissues were also used to analyze the protein expressions of gamma H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) for DNA double-strand breaks and activated caspase-3 (AC3) for apoptosis by immunohistochemistry.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: The residual cryoprotectant concentrations decreased with the extension of diffusion washing time. After 60 min washing, the differences of residual cryoprotectant between DMSO, PROH and EG were negligible (P > 0.05). This washing did not affect the tissue integrity or significantly elevate the percentage of AC3 and γH2AX positive cells, indicating that tissues are safe and of good quality for transplantation.Large Scale Data: N/A.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: Since the study was performed with ovarian tissues from bovines, generalizability to humans may be limited. Potential changes in ovarian tissue beyond 120 min were not investigated.Wider Implications Of the Findings: This study addresses concerns about the cytotoxicity of EG in warmed ovarian tissues and could provide insights when devising a standard vitrification protocol for OTC.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): The study was funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to N.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: How is the localisation of ovarian follicles affected by ageing and chronic diseases?Summary Answer: Ovarian follicles shift deeper towards the medulla, due to thickening of the tunica albuginea (TA), with ageing and some major common chronic diseases.What Is Known Already: The ovary undergoes morphological and functional changes with ageing. The follicular pool follows these changes with alterations in the amount and distribution of residual follicles. Diseases causing a chronic inflammatory process are associated with morphological changes and impaired ovarian function.Study Design, Size, Duration: We conducted a cross-sectional study, examining 90 ovaries from 90 female monkeys. The samples were collected from April 2018 to March 2019 at Tsukuba Primate Research Center in National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Japan.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Ovarian samples were obtained from cynomolgus monkeys that died from natural causes or were euthanised. Ovarian sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological analyses. In ovarian sections from 64 female macaques aged 0-25 years, a total of 13 743 follicles at different developmental stages (primordial, intermediary, primary, early secondary and late secondary) were assessed to determine the depth of each follicle from the outer surface of the ovarian cortex to the far end of the follicle, by using a digital imaging software. TA thickness was measured as sum of basal membrane and tunica collagen layer for each ovary under H&E staining. To explore the possibility of age-related trends in ovarian morphometric characteristics, samples were divided into four different age groups (0-3 years (pre-menarche), 4-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-20 years). To evaluate the effect of common chronic diseases on ovarian morphometric characteristics, macaques with diabetes mellitus (DM) (n = 10), endometriosis (n = 8) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 8) were compared to age-matched controls without chronic diseases.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Ovarian morphometric analysis revealed that the relative location of follicles became deeper in all age groups according to development of follicles (P < 0.05). Total follicle distance from the ovarian surface was increased with ageing (P < 0.05). In a sub-analysis according to developmental stage, only primordial and intermediary follicles were localised deeper with increasing age (P < 0.05). TA thickness was also increased with ageing (P < 0.05). The localisation of the total number of follicles became deeper in ovaries from monkeys with DM, endometriosis or IBD as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). With DM, analysis of follicles distance at almost each developmental stage was significantly deeper compared to controls (P < 0.05) with the exception of early secondary follicles. With endometriosis, follicles at primary and early and late secondary stages were significantly deeper compared to controls (P < 0.05). Also with IBD, follicles at primary and early and late secondary follicles were significantly deeper compared to controls (P < 0.001). The TA was thicker with DM and endometriosis compared to controls (P < 0.05), but not with IBD (P = 0.16).Large Scale Data: NA.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: Two-dimensional histology was used to assess follicle localisation. The possibility of minimal variations between the measured distance to the actual distance in a spherical structure cannot be excluded. Additionally, the severity of disease was not assessed.Wider Implications Of the Findings: This study is the first step towards enhancing our understanding of how ageing and chronic diseases affect the relative localisation of dormant and developing follicles. These observations, combined with possible future human studies, may have managerial implications in the field of fertility preservation and other conditions involving ovarian tissue cryopreservation.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): The present work was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (19H03801) (to K.K.), Challenging Exploratory Research (18K19624), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Takeda Science Foundation and Naito Foundation (to K.K.). All authors have no conflicts of interest directly relevant to the content of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Iotonchium cateniforme; Iotonchium laccariae; Iotonchium russulae; molecular; phylogeny; Tylenchomorpha EN Iotonchium cateniforme Iotonchium laccariae Iotonchium russulae molecular phylogeny Tylenchomorpha 1205 1209 5 11/23/21 20211001 NES 211001 I Iotonchium i Cobb, 1920 currently contains 11 species, four of which have been reported in Japan: I I. cateniforme i Tsuda & Futai, 1999, I I. laccariae i Tsuda & Futai, 2005, I I. russulae i Tsuda & Futai, 2005, and I I. ungulatum i Aihara, 2001. The DNA material of I I. cateniforme i , I I. laccariae i , and I I. russulae i was prepared as described previously (Iwahori I et al i ., 2000), and near-full-length of 18S ribosomal RNA (small subunit: SSU) was determined for these three species according to the methods in Iwahori I et al i . According to this classification, I I. ungulatum i and I I. russula i e belong to I Fungiotonchium i , and I I. cateniforme i belongs to I Iotonchium sensu stricto i (Tsuda & Futai, 1999, 2000, 2005; Aihara, 2001). In particular, I I. ungulatum i forms characteristic nematode galls on mushrooms of carnivorous fungi, I Pleurotus i spp. (Tsuda I et al i ., 1996; Tsuda & Futai, 2000). [Extracted from the article]

Whereas Ambon and Poso experienced some of the most serious conflicts, neighboring areas, Maluku Tenggara and Banggai, were less given to outbreaks of violence. Indonesia has experienced violence and riots during its post-independence political transitions. Maluku province and Central Sulawesi province are distant from Jakarta, are very poor, lacking industries, and have larger Christian populations than other areas of Indonesia. [Extracted from the article]

Although solar activity may significantly impact the global environment and socioeconomic systems, the mechanisms for solar eruptions and the subsequent processes have not yet been fully understood. Thus, modern society supported by advanced information systems is at risk from severe space weather disturbances. Project for solar–terrestrial environment prediction (PSTEP) was launched to improve this situation through synergy between basic science research and operational forecast. The PSTEP is a nationwide research collaboration in Japan and was conducted from April 2015 to March 2020, supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. By this project, we sought to answer the fundamental questions concerning the solar–terrestrial environment and aimed to build a next-generation space weather forecast system to prepare for severe space weather disasters. The PSTEP consists of four research groups and proposal-based research units. It has made a significant progress in space weather research and operational forecasts, publishing over 500 refereed journal papers and organizing four international symposiums, various workshops and seminars, and summer school for graduate students at Rikubetsu in 2017. This paper is a summary report of the PSTEP and describes the major research achievements it produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although solar activity may significantly impact the global environment and socioeconomic systems, the mechanisms for solar eruptions and the subsequent processes have not yet been fully understood. Thus, modern society supported by advanced information systems is at risk from severe space weather disturbances. Project for solar–terrestrial environment prediction (PSTEP) was launched to improve this situation through synergy between basic science research and operational forecast. The PSTEP is a nationwide research collaboration in Japan and was conducted from April 2015 to March 2020, supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. By this project, we sought to answer the fundamental questions concerning the solar–terrestrial environment and aimed to build a next-generation space weather forecast system to prepare for severe space weather disasters. The PSTEP consists of four research groups and proposal-based research units. It has made a significant progress in space weather research and operational forecasts, publishing over 500 refereed journal papers and organizing four international symposiums, various workshops and seminars, and summer school for graduate students at Rikubetsu in 2017. This paper is a summary report of the PSTEP and describes the major research achievements it produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moderna received 2.5 billion in public support in the United States. Researchers at the University of Helsinki needed 50 million for phase III of their patent-free vaccine. But they did not get any help from the state, despite the fact that a social democratic party is in power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary emphasis on resilience in UK arts and cultural policy discourse has developed in relation to the longer-standing model of the "mixed economy" in which state grants, earned income and private sponsorship are imagined to provide a secure foundation for sustainable growth. This genealogy is evident in a series of programmes developed by Arts Council England and the UK's other national funding bodies since the mid-1990s with the intention of fostering the sector's strength and sustainability – most often by exhorting recipients of state funding to explore and develop new business models centred on non-state income sources. Tracing that history allows us to follow the ways in which specific neoliberal rationales have been naturalised through socio-ecological metaphor and, more significantly, how policy measures encouraging the entrepreneurial pursuit of private and earned income may introduce new forms of risk that exacerbate existing structural inequalities in the cultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the public subsidy of major league sport franchises and associated urban development projects remains wildly popular in some constituencies, these expenditures have, increasingly, been met with organized resistance. This article examines the formation of Voices for Democracy (VFD)--a grassroots community group that opposed the use of public funds to build a CAD $606.5 million arena and entertainment district in Edmonton, Alberta. I begin by providing an analysis of VFD's division of labor and the collective development of the group's political claims and tactical repertoire to challenge a powerful growth coalition between 2011-2013. Next, I examine the unfavorable political opportunity structure that set decisive limits on what the group could challenge. The article concludes with a discussion of why VFD was unable to cultivate a more widespread coalition of support and, in turn, how the 'boosterish' coalition in Edmonton--a coalition that included the Edmonton Oilers, the downtown business community, the mayor and a majority of council, and senior civil servants--were able to contain opposition over the course of this divisive debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 ( I CHCHD2 i ) was identified as a possible pathogenicity of middle-aged onset PD with autosomal dominant inheritance.1 Herein, we present a case of bilateral STN-DBS in a patient with PD harboring the I CHCHD2 i p.T61I mutation in a family independent of the original Japanese families. Keywords: familial Parkinson's disease; CHCHD2; deep brain stimulation EN familial Parkinson's disease CHCHD2 deep brain stimulation 407 409 3 04/05/22 20220401 NES 220401 Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a common therapeutic option for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). STN-DBS could improve the symptoms of sporadic PD; however, reports on familial PD are limited. [Extracted from the article]

Hereditary essential tremor-6, NOTCH2NLC gene-related repeat expansion disorder, voice tremor, neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, initial symptom Moreover, patients with essential tremor due to GGC repeat expansion reveal no brain MRI abnormalities over 10 years.4 Therefore, MRI findings in this patient were compatible with NIID, but not ETM6. Keywords: voice tremor; neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease; hereditary essential tremor-6; NOTCH2NLC gene-related repeat expansion disorder; initial symptom EN voice tremor neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease hereditary essential tremor-6 NOTCH2NLC gene-related repeat expansion disorder initial symptom 404 406 3 04/05/22 20220401 NES 220401 Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal GGC repeat expansion of the I NOTCH2NCL i gene and characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions seen in neurons, skin cells, fibroblasts, and skeletal muscle cells.1,2 Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows characteristic hyperintense areas in the corticomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). [Extracted from the article]

Study Question: Is there any change in the distribution of microvilli and microtubules in the apical endometria of women with adenomyosis?Summary Answer: We observed microvilli damage in the apical endometria and an axonemal alteration characterized by abnormal distribution of longitudinal bundles of microtubules within microvilli in women with adenomyosis.What Is Known Already: Human adenomyosis has a negative impact on female fertility. Abnormal utero-tubal sperm transport, tissue inflammation and toxic effect of chemical mediators have been proposed as contributing factors. Inflammation-induced damage of mucosal cilia in the Fallopian tube has been reported. However, information on inflammation-induced damage of microvilli on the apical endometrial cells and its core bundles of microtubules in adenomyosis remains unknown.Study Design, Size, Duration: This is a prospective cohort study with subjects undergoing laparoscopic surgery or hysterectomy for clinical indication and evaluations of endometrial biopsy samples in two academic university hospitals. During the period between March 2015 and December 2018, endometrial biopsy samples were prospectively collected from 15 control women and 45 women with adenomyosis for immunohistochemical analysis and a separate cohort of 10 control women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 3 (CIN3) and 20 women with adenomyosis for analysis by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: For immunohistochemical study, endometrial biopsy samples were prospectively collected from 15 control women with fibroids, 25 women with focal adenomyosis and 20 women with diffuse adenomyosis after surgery. The diagnosis of fibroid and adenomyosis was made clinically by transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed by histology. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed retrospectively using antibody against CD68 (marker of macrophages) in endometrial biopsy specimens of women with and without adenomyosis. TEM was performed with the apical endometria collected from a separate cohort of 10 control women with CIN3 and 20 women with focal and diffuse adenomyosis for the identification of any change in the distribution of microvilli and longitudinal bundles of microtubules within microvilli.Main Results and Role Of Chance: Comparing to control endometria and contralateral side, tissue infiltration of macrophages (Mφ) in the endometria was significantly higher on the ipsilateral side of focal adenomyosis (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) and anterior/posterior walls of diffuse adenomyosis (P = 0.01 for both). In a subgroup analysis of patients with focal adenomyosis with and without symptoms, the endometria of symptomatic women displayed a tendency of higher Mφ infiltration on the ipsilateral side than in asymptomatic women (P = 0.07). Comparing to contralateral side endometria of symptomatic women, Mφ infiltration was significantly higher in the endometria of symptomatic women collected from the ipsilateral side of focal adenomyosis (P = 0.03). We found a significantly less tissue infiltration of Mφ in the endometria of women with CIN3 than that in endometria of women with focal adenomyosis. TEM analysis showed that number of microvilli in the endometria was significantly decreased on the ipsilateral side (P = 0.003) comparing to that on the contralateral side of focal adenomyosis. The Chi-squared test indicated that cases with abnormal (disruption in the normal arrangement of 9 peripheral pairs + 1 central pair) microtubules (MT) were significantly higher in women with adenomyosis than in cases with normal patterns (P = 0.0016). While contralateral side displayed significantly less abnormal MT (P = 0.0002), ipsilateral side of focal adenomyosis showed significantly higher abnormal MT (P = 0.0164) comparing to normal patterns. Cases with symptomatic adenomyosis showed significantly higher abnormal MT than normal MT (P = 0.0004). An axonemal alteration characterized by abnormal structural distribution of microtubules within microvilli in the apical endometria in response to endometrial inflammation may be involved in adverse reproductive outcome in women with adenomyosis.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: The average age of women in this study was high that may be associated with overall decline in fertility regardless of the presence or absence of adenomyosis or endometriosis. We collected endometrial biopsy samples from two completely separate cohorts of women for analysis by immunohiostochemistry and TEM. We need future follow-up study with increased sample size and from the same patients to precisely clarify the mechanistic link between axonemal alteration and negative fertility outcome.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Our current findings may have some biological implication to better understand the endometrial epithelial biology and pathology in women with adenomyosis and may open the avenue for future study in other reproductive diseases. The ultra-structural abnormalities of microvilli and microtubules in the apical endometria in response to tissue inflammatory reaction may clarify the possible association between negative fertility outcome and adenomyosis. Our findings may be clinically useful during counseling with symptomatic patients with adenomyosis desiring pregnancy.Study Funding/competing Interest (s): This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology of Japan. There is no conflict of interest related to this study.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plant stem cells have several extraordinary features: they are generated de novo during development and regeneration, maintain their pluripotency, and produce another stem cell niche in an orderly manner. This enables plants to survive for an extended period and to continuously make new organs, representing a clear difference in their developmental program from animals. To uncover regulatory principles governing plant stem cell characteristics, our research project 'Principles of pluripotent stem cells underlying plant vitality' was launched in 2017, supported by a Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the Japanese government. Through a collaboration involving 28 research groups, we aim to identify key factors that trigger epigenetic reprogramming and global changes in gene networks, and thereby contribute to stem cell generation. Pluripotent stem cells in the shoot apical meristem are controlled by cytokinin and auxin, which also play a crucial role in terminating stem cell activity in the floral meristem; therefore, we are focusing on biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, perception, and signaling of these hormones. Besides, we are uncovering the mechanisms of asymmetric cell division and of stem cell death and replenishment under DNA stress, which will illuminate plant‐specific features in preserving stemness. Our technology support groups expand single‐cell omics to describe stem cell behavior in a spatiotemporal context, and provide correlative light and electron microscopic technology to enable live imaging of cell and subcellular dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution. In this perspective, we discuss future directions of our ongoing projects and related research fields. Significance Statement: Plant stem cells are distinct from animal tissue stem cells in that they maintain pluripotency throughout life. Here we highlight achievements and future perspectives of our projects on stem cell research, including reprogramming, hormonal and epigenetic regulation of stemness, meristem determinacy, and the control of asymmetric division and genome integrity in plant stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction to a journal article titled "Concurrent decreases in the prevalence of wheezing and Ascaris infection among 5-year-old children in rural Bangladesh and their regulatory T cell immunity after the implementation of a national deworming program." The correction addresses errors in the Acknowledgements and Funding statements. The corrected Acknowledgements acknowledge the contribution of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) and express gratitude to the children, guardians, field research staff, and other individuals involved in the study. The corrected Funding statement acknowledges the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. [Extracted from the article]

Erratum to: Measurements of - and + production in proton-proton interactions at sNN = 17.3 Ge in the NA61/SHINE experiment In the publication, the NA57 [[1]] ratios of HT ht and HT ht to the number of wounded nucleons at HT ht by mistake were plotted at the wrong values. The ratios were calculated and plotted by mistake using HT ht Graph: Fig. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents details of a conversation about Brazilian filmmaking that happened over email exchanges and recorded phone interviews in the weeks between June and September of 2020. The conversation involved a number of filmmakers about the dynamics of Brazilian film production. They also talked about the industry's dependence on public grants through cultural financing programs.

This article makes a fresh contribution to the literature on student funding and its history by drawing attention to a pioneering government initiative, launched in the aftermath of the Great War. From the winter of 1918–1919 until 1923, the Scheme for the Higher Education of Ex-Servicemen provided grants to university students in England and Wales. We argue that it amounted to a major educational reform venture: it supported students on an unprecedented scale, covering fees and maintenance across a broad range of courses and institutions. In order to produce an in-depth analysis of this scheme and its local operation, we have drawn on archival evidence from the Board of Education, the University of Liverpool, the University of Oxford and the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. Our discussion addresses the application process, means-testing and funding decisions as well as the profiles and experiences of grant recipients. The scale and impact of the ex-service scheme raises wider questions about the societal value accorded to higher education within the context of reconstruction after the Great War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asenapine is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.[1] Recent meta-analyses demonstrated that asenapine is well-tolerated and reduces overall symptoms in people with acute bipolar mania and schizophrenia.[[2]] Recently, a 52-week open-label, phase III extension study (NCT01244828 and JapicCTI-132,325) of asenapine (5 or 10 mg BID) add-on treatment for schizophrenia adults receiving antipsychotics was conducted.[4] The study included participants with residual-type schizophrenia (RTS),[5] those who received antipsychotics in a polypharmacy setting, those who received high-dose antipsychotics, those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and those with geriatric schizophrenia. Asenapine add-on treatment for schizophrenia adults who received antipsychotics: A 52-week, open-label study Therefore, this I post-hoc i analysis was performed in two groups [i.e. one group including individuals with treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS), which included those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia or individuals who received high-dose antipsychotic and another group including individuals with RTS[5]] (the detailed information: Table S1). [Extracted from the article]

Dear Editor, Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a heterogeneous group of subepidermal autoimmune bullous skin disease, which affects mainly various mucous membranes and, occasionally, skin.1-3 Although the oral mucosa is most commonly affected, ocular, nasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, oesophageal and genital mucosae are also involved.2 Anti-laminin 332 (LM332)-type MMP is characterized by IgG autoantibodies to various subunits of LM332. Considering that autoantibodies against LM332 react with the dermal side of split skin, the high sensitivity of ssIIF further confirms that ssIIF has diagnostic value in anti-LM332-type MMP. In summary, patients with anti-LM332-type MMP develop mucosal lesions on various sites, most frequently on the oral mucosae, and cutaneous lesions develop more frequently in males. [Extracted from the article]

Ovomucoid-specific IgD increases in children who naturally outgrow egg allergy in a cross-sectional study Keywords: egg white; food allergy; IgD; IgG4; ovomucoid EN egg white food allergy IgD IgG4 ovomucoid 2607 2609 3 07/19/21 20210801 NES 210801 It has been shown that egg-allergic children have higher ovomucoid (OVM)-specific IgD (sIgD) levels compared to atopic controls.1 Within egg-allergic children, those with higher levels of OVM-sIgD have a decreased risk of anaphylaxis. GLO:1X5/01aug21:all14841-fig-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 1 Egg allergen-specific IgE, IgD, and IgG4 levels in egg-allergic and non-egg-allergic patients (NEA). [Extracted from the article]

We argue that wealthy elites in democracies can limit their taxes by constraining the fiscal capacity of the state. Corrupting local officials and undermining fiscal capacity are some of the mechanisms by which high-income earners can lower their own tax liabilities, even when voters favor higher de jure levels of taxation. The incentive to undermine fiscal capacity is especially compelling when inequality is high, as the median voter is likely to support higher progressive taxation and redistribution. Using data from over 5,500 Brazilian municipalities, we show that localities with higher levels of inequality accrue less revenue from local property taxes. These results are robust to estimating a number of cross-sectional models as well as panel models with time and municipal fixed effects. Moreover, we show that municipalities with high levels of inequality are less likely to apply to a federal grant program to increase their capacity to collect taxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pennsylvania public libraries began receiving increased allotments of state aid in 2000. In the first two years of enhancement aid, total state aid received by Pennsylvania libraries more than doubled. This reversed the trend of little growth in the years preceding 2000. The enhancement aid program also redesigned certain categories of state aid to increase incentives for local government support. Based on the principles from the economics of grants literature, an empirical model was employed to test the effect of state aid on library expenditures in Pennsylvania counties. Grant response was estimated by employing two separate equations in which library expenditures and state aid were simultaneously determined. It was found that expenditure response was significantly higher in the first two years of enhancement aid than it had been previously. Further, state aid stimulated increased local revenue financing in most years and in most counties. However, the degree of stimulation decreased in many counties during the enhancement period, thus providing them with tax relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Next, using pancreatic -cells from type 2 diabetes patients, the authors investigated the associations between exocytosis and gene expression in each cell. The pancreatic -cells of type 1 diabetes patients showed no differences in terms of electrophysiological findings and gene expression of -cell markers from cryopreserved pancreatic -cells of ND controls. In 2016, Patch-seq was established to analyze electrophysiology, gene expression and morphology in neuronal cells. [Extracted from the article]

New treatment development is an urgent task, as some BD patients do not achieve an improvement of their symptoms with existing treatments. The majority of mood stabilizers used to treat bipolar disorder (BD) are antiepileptics.[1] Although levetiracetam, an antiepileptic, has been known to show good efficacy and safety for patients with epilepsy, epilepsy management guidelines recommend avoiding levetiracetam in epilepsy patients comorbid with psychiatric disorders due to concern of worsening psychiatric symptoms.[2] However, to date, four randomized controlled trials of levetiracetam for BD treatment have been conducted. We assessed one DBRPCT that involved depression patients who received a mood stabilizer ( I n i = 42), and one open-label lamotrigine-controlled trial that included both patients with and without pharmacological treatments ( I n i = 60; Figure S1, Table S2). [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the percentage of osteopathic emergency medicine (EM) residencies that require an original research project to meet the American Osteopathic Association requirement, describe the resources available to the residents and faculty members to complete their projects, and determine resident and faculty research productivity.Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey of program directors from osteopathic EM residency programs. Participants were asked about demographics and specifics related to their program's research curriculum, which included resources, outcomes, and challenges.Results: The response rate was 48.21% (27/56) of program directors from EM residencies. The majority (82.77%) of respondents were from a community-based EM program, had a requirement that a research project be completed before graduation from residency (87.5%), and did not have a research associate program to assist in recruiting patients (83.33%). A physician research director was noted to lead the department in 53.57% of respondents, whereas 70.83% noted having a statistician on staff. A total of 2.91% of program faculty had received federal grant funding, and 13.88% had a research study indexed in PubMed. EM programs that had a physician-led research director were more likely to have core faculty with federal funding, articles indexed in PubMed, residents who submit their research for publication, and residents with competitive grants, as compared with programs without a research director. Program directors noted that analyzing data, designing a study, and generating a hypothesis were the biggest challenges to conducting research in the residency.Conclusions: Osteopathic EM residencies significantly differ from their allopathic counterparts in their research curriculum, capabilities, and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Asian patients. Randomized, double-blind, placebo, and risperidone-controlled study of lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: Results of an inconclusive 6-week trial. A recent 6-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on lurasidone for acute schizophrenia in Japan1 demonstrated that lurasidone (LUR) 40 mg/day (LUR40) improved Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)2 total score (PANSS-T) while being well-tolerated. [Extracted from the article]

Philanthropic efforts on behalf of basic research span a range of modalities, from assistance for individual investigators to the establishment of research institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the history of origin of Change magazine on higher education industry. It discusses how Ford and Carnegie foundation gave grants for the publication of Chronicle of Higher Education helped by entrepreneurial founder Corbin Gwaltney, later George Bonham founding Change Magazine as Bonham wanted to encourage educational reform and innovation.

Background: The Global Fund is one of the largest actors in global health. In 2015 the Global Fund was credited with disbursing close to 10 % of all development assistance for health. In 2011 it began a reform process in response to internal reviews following allegations of recipients' misuse of funds. Reforms have focused on grant application processes thus far while the core structures and paradigm have remained intact. We report results of discussions with key stakeholders on the Global Fund, its paradigm of oversight, monitoring, and results in Mozambique. Methods: We conducted 38 semi-structured in-depth interviews in Maputo, Mozambique and members of the Global Fund Board and Secretariat in Switzerland. In-country stakeholders were representatives from Global Fund country structures (eg. Principle Recipient), the Ministry of Health, health or development attach's bilateral and multilateral agencies, consultants, and the NGO coordinating body. Thematic coding revealed concerns about the combination of weak country oversight with stringent and cumbersome requirements for monitoring and evaluation linked to performance-based financing. Results: Analysis revealed that despite the changes associated with the New Funding Model, respondents in both Maputo and Geneva firmly believe challenges remain in Global Fund's structure and paradigm. The lack of a country office has many negative downstream effects including reliance on in-country partners and ineffective coordination. Due to weak managerial and absorptive capacity, more oversight is required than is afforded by country team visits. Incountry partners provide much needed support for Global Fund recipients, but roles, responsibilities, and accountability must be clearly defined for a successful long-term partnership. Furthermore, decision-makers in Geneva recognize incountry coordination as vital to successful implementation, and partners welcome increased Global Fund engagement. Conclusions: To date, there are no institutional requirements for formalized coordination, and the Global Fund has no consistent representation in Mozambique's in-country coordination groups. The Global Fund should adapt grant implementation and monitoring procedures to the specific local realities that would be illuminated by more formalized coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important policy objectives in the post-apartheid South African economy is to reduce poverty. Although economic growth and job creation are the preferred sources of alleviating poverty and inequality, social grant spending has contributed significantly to reduce poverty (Van der Berg et al. in Poverty trends since the transition: what we know. Stellenbosch Economic Working Papers: 19/09. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University, 2009). Recently proposals were tabled by the Department of Social Development of South Africa (Fin24 in R3.3bn plan to extend child support grant to 21. http://www.fin24.com/Economy/R33bn-child-care-grant-extension-to-21-on-cards-20150316. Accessed August 7, 2015, 2015) to extend the age eligibility of the child support grant (CSG) to 21 years (at the time of writing children aged up to 18 years are eligible). This sparked an interest to investigate the impact on poverty of changes to the eligibility criteria of CSG, as well as its fiscal implications. Using person and household data from the 2010/2011 Income and Expenditure Survey, various simulations are performed to assess the impact on poverty rates and changes to social spending, given the following changes: (1) if all age-eligible children applied; (2) if all beneficiaries received the grant amount for the full 12-month duration; (3) if the age eligibility criterion is extended; and (4) if the monthly child grant income amount is revised upwards. We also examine how changes in the eligibility criteria affect the income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]