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This article is the first part of a complex scientific study aimed at analyzing all components in the process of protecting the population from disasters and accidents and proposing a logistic system aimed at improving the response and effectiveness of the actions of the services responsible for this protection. More specifically, we focused on fires and fire fighting, as a key factor in environmental protection. Global warming is an undeniable fact that has been talked about and written about a lot in the last 30 years. According to UN experts, the next increase in global air temperature during the 21st century may reach from 1.5° C to 4° C. The current trend of global warming is the result of the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to burning of fuel minerals, agricultural activities and deforestation (Vladev, I., 2023). According to the study by William et all (2023), the total amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere in the last 30 years alone has increased by 62% or from 24gt in 1990 to 39gt in 2020. As we know deforestation is mainly caused by fires. The contribution of this factor to the total emission of carbon dioxide for 1985 was 24.6% according to Vronsky, V. (2000). So, the problem of timely detection and extinguishing of fires is serious. In order to create a more effective logistics system, it is required to first analyze the types of fires, the reasons for their occurrence and to define all the elements of the system related to extinguishing and liquidating their consequences. The analysis of the fire situation in the forests of Bulgaria for the last 30 years shows a sharp increase in the number, size of burned areas and their intensity. From the analysis made according to (Report on the state of national security of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2018) two main factors stand out for the increase in fires: - Climate changes, aggravated by anthropogenic activity; - Human intervention - fires caused by deliberate arson or negligence (Grigorov, 2020). The statistics of the last 30 years unambiguously show that over 80% of all forest fires in Bulgaria are the result of human activity, including - the burning of stubble and pastures, which are the cause of 34% of the fires that occurred. On average, no more than 2.5% of the fires in the forest territories were caused naturally by lightning. The proven anthropogenic nature of over 80% of fires necessitates the categorization of forests near settlements, especially in densely populated parts of the country, as high risk from a fire point of view. The systematic analysis described in the article gives us the basis to draw conclusions and findings on the basis of which to define the main elements of the logistics system, subject to further development and modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and global warming drive many governments and scientists to investigate new renewable and green energy sources. Special attention is on solar panel technology, since solar energy is considered one of the primary renewable sources and solar panels can be installed in domestic neighborhoods. Photovoltaic (PV) power prediction is essential to match supply and demand and ensure grid stability. However, the PV system has assertive stochastic behavior, requiring advanced forecasting methods, such as machine learning and deep learning, to predict day-ahead PV power accurately. Machine learning models need a rich historical dataset that includes years of PV power outputs to capture hidden patterns between essential variables to predict day-ahead PV power production accurately. Therefore, this study presents a framework based on the transfer learning method to use reliable trained deep learning models of old PV plants in newly installed PV plants in the same neighborhoods. The numerical results show the effectiveness of transfer learning in day-ahead PV prediction in newly established PV plants where a sizable historical dataset of them is unavailable. Among all nine models presented in this study, the LSTM models have better performance in PV power prediction. The new LSTM model using the inadequate dataset has 0.55 mean square error (MSE) and 47.07% weighted mean absolute percentage error (wMAPE), while the transferred LSTM model improves prediction accuracy to 0.168 MSE and 32.04% wMAPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author view on growing global warming in the United States including among Commonwealth countries, that urgent and ambitious action is needed to address climate change in order to, at the very least, achieve the legally binding goal set by the 196 countries that were signatories to the Paris Agreement set at COP21 in Paris in December 2015.

As cropland possess dual carbon effects of emitting and sequestering, giving full attention to its net carbon sequestration is an effective option for mitigating global warming. By analyzing the carbon cycle of a cropland use system, we develop an inventory for measuring the net carbon sequestration, covering four carbon sources, i.e., agricultural materials, rice fields, soils, straw burning, with the crop carbon sequestration considered. Different from conventional studies that have focused on quantity, in this study, we define net carbon sequestration performance of cropland use (NCSPC) as the ratio of actual net carbon sequestration to an optimal value per unit of cropland. We estimate the net carbon sequestration of cropland use, from 2000 to 2019, for the study area consisting of the 13 principal grain-producing provinces in China. Then, global-SBM is applied to measure the provincial NCSPC; furthermore, the Theil index and convergence test are employed to portray the spatiotemporal characteristics and regional divergence. The results show the following: (1) The net carbon sequestration was 3.837 t per hectare of cropland in the principal grain-producing area, of which the sequestration and the emission were 6.343 t and 2.506 t, respectively. The share of emissions, from largest to smallest, was methane from rice paddies, agricultural materials, straw burning, and soil nitrous oxide. Specifically, cropland use in Henan exhibited the strongest net carbon sequestration, whereas in Hunan it was the lowest. (2) The average NCSPC was 0.774 in the principal grain-producing area, indicating that 22.6% of the net carbon sequestration per unit of cropland remained to be explored under the corresponding production technology and input combinations. Temporally, the NCSPC had an annual change rate of −0.30%, displaying a slowly declining trend. Spatially, the NCSPC evolved from a scattered distribution to blocky agglomeration, eventually presenting a decreasing pattern from north to south. (3) First, the total Theil index increased, and then decreased, indicating that the regional disparity of the NCSPC expanded early but shrank later. From 2011 to 2019, inter-regional disparity took up more in the total. Over time, both the whole region and the subregions obeyed the σconvergence. Unlike the benign trends observed in Zones I and II, the NCSPC values of Zone III converged to a low level. This study aims to provide a theoretical base for emission mitigation and sequestration promotion for cropland use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A just and sustainable energy transition will require not only new fuels, but new energy stories. The dominant, 'fossil' myth of energy, depoliticizes the forward march of energy intensity over human history. Instead, we need energy stories that more fully account for the role of political domination in major energy transitions of the past. Fossil domination is historically unique in its marriage of racial capitalism and imperialism, but it may also reflect broader patterns of fuel transition. I draw upon recent research on two momentous energy transitions – the rise of grain states and fossil fuel empires – that show how political innovations in labor extraction and domination were the main catalysts for transition, rather than superior fuel technologies or a public thirst for more energy. Emphasizing the role of domination across energy history disrupts the fossil myth, while also making space for more transformative energy stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arctic sea-ice loss is a consequence of anthropogenic global warming and can itself be a driver of climate change in the Arctic and at lower latitudes, with sea-ice minima likely favoring extreme events over Europe and North America. Yet the role that the sea-ice plays in ongoing climate change remains uncertain, partly due to a limited understanding of whether and how the exact geographical distribution of sea-ice loss impacts climate. Here we demonstrate that the climate response to sea-ice loss can vary widely depending on the pattern of sea-ice change, and show that this is due to the presence of an atmospheric feedback mechanism that amplifies the local and remote signals when broader scale sea-ice loss occurs. Our study thus highlights the need to better constrain the spatial pattern of future sea-ice when assessing its impacts on the climate in the Arctic and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 is not only considered to drive global warming, but also ocean acidification. Previous studies have shown that acidification will affect many aspects of biogenic carbon uptake and release in the surface water of the oceans. In this report we present a potential novel impact of acidification on the flash intensity of lightning discharged into the oceans. Our experimental results show that a decrease in ocean pH corresponding to the predicted increase in atmospheric CO2 according to the IPCC RCP 8.5 worst case emission scenario, may increase the intensity of lightning discharged into seawater by approximately 30 ± 7% by the end of the twenty-first century relative to 2000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article establishes the current state of research into climate change education in Latin America based on a review of publications in the Scielo, Ebscohost, Dialnet, and Redalyc databases from 2009 to 2019. The categories "education" AND "climate change" OR "global warming" were used, and a sample of 36 studies was selected. The results show that in Latin America, climate change education has been approached mainly by studies of perception and social representations, including educational proposals that target the young population. Misconceptions about climate change and confusion of this phenomenon with other environmental problems are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate warming is causing a shift in biological communities in favor of warm-affinity species (i.e., thermophilization). Species responses often lag behind climate warming, but the reasons for such lags remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed multidecadal understory microclimate dynamics in European forests and show that thermophilization and the climatic lag in forest plant communities are primarily controlled by microclimate. Increasing tree canopy cover reduces warming rates inside forests, but loss of canopy cover leads to increased local heat that exacerbates the disequilibrium between community responses and climate change. Reciprocal effects between plants and microclimates are key to understanding the response of forest biodiversity and functioning to climate and land-use changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the adverse impact that global warming is having on the volcano Chimborazo in Ecuador which had been visited by geographer Alexander von Humboldt in 1802. It states that as temperatures rise, glaciers have melted, resulting in increased landslides and flash floods. It mentions agriculture has moved upslope as glaciers retreat while the predictability of rainfall has declined. It comments on the migration of mountain flora up the mountain as glaciers retreat.

The impacts of human and natural disturbances on coral reefs are typically quantified through visible damage (e.g., reduced coral coverage as a result of bleaching events), but changes in environmental conditions may also cause damage in less visible ways. Despite the current paradigm, which suggests consistent, highly synchronized spawning events, corals that reproduce by broadcast spawning are particularly vulnerable because their reproductive phenology is governed by environmental cues. Here, we quantify coral spawning intensity during four annual reproductive seasons, alongside laboratory analyses at the polyp, colony, and population levels, and we demonstrate that, compared with historical data, several species from the Red Sea have lost their reproductive synchrony. Ultimately, such a synchrony breakdown reduces the probability of successful fertilization, leading to a dearth of new recruits, which may drive aging populations to extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate models robustly and unanimously simulate narrowing of the intense tropical precipitation under greenhouse gas forcing. We argue that the meridional width of tropical precipitation is controlled by the seasonal meridional range of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The contraction of tropical precipitation under greenhouse forcing results from a reduced seasonal range of ITCZ migration. An energetic theory—similar to the energetic theory for ITCZ shifts based on the hemispheric contrast of energy input to the atmosphere—is developed. The meridional width of tropical precipitation is proportional to the seasonal range of the interhemispheric contrast in atmospheric heating divided by the efficiency of atmospheric cross‐equatorial heat transport. Climate models are biased toward overly expansive tropical precipitation resulting from an exaggerated seasonal atmospheric heating. The robust contraction of tropical precipitation under global warming results from increased efficiency of interhemispheric energy transport consistent with enhanced gross moist stability of the tropical atmosphere. Key Points: The seasonal range of ITCZ migrations (SRITCZ) controls the meridional extent of tropical precipitationSRITCZ is larger than observed in most climate models resulting in a double‐ITCZ biasUnder global warming, SRITCZ decreases due to more efficient cross‐equatorial heat transport and tropical precipitation contracts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthoptera is a good indicator taxon of macroclimate changes. In our case study, we analyzed data of orthopterans, vegetation, and macroclimate collected yearly from 2002 through 2017 in Central European humid grasslands. During the study period, the annual mean temperature increased, while the relative abundance of moderately hygrophilic orthopteran species decreased significantly. On the other hand, the species richness and diversity of the assemblages increased due, mostly, to an increase of graminicole/thermophilic species. According to our results, the conservation of the hygrophilic orthopteran assemblages of Central European humid grasslands under global warming can only be ensured by adequate land management, which can at least mitigate the effects of climate change resulting in the warming and drying of humid habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the advantages of social entrepreneurship in eleminating the acceleration of global warming and collapses of biodiversity. It mentions about the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in educating society about ecological degradation, carbon dioxide emissions, cultures and languages disappear under the influence of increasing standardization, and privatization.

Global warming seems more probable, whether as gradual warming or increased frequency of warmer episodes. The productivity of cattle in temperate countries will decline unless counteracting steps are adopted. The probability of pre-emptive breeding for maintaining temperate breed performance coupled with heat stress tolerance is too low to be adopted for counteracting warming. The expected warming will mostly involve temperature increases. These will indirectly affect radiant heat gain in animals owing to reduced radiant heat dissipation from the body by convective heat loss, which results in an increased sensitivity to incoming radiant heat at higher air temperatures. These necessitate an emphasis on increasing convective heat loss by structure design and forced air flow by fans. Convective heat loss diminishes with increasing air temperatures. Evaporative heat loss remains the alternative. Evaporative cooling of the ambient requires partial enclosing of the space surrounding the animals and is limited by the humidity in ambient air. An alternative was developed of coupling forced ventilation with wetting of animal surface. The exchange of ambient air flowing on animal surface makes the evaporation practically independent of air humidity and the loss of heat from animal surface practically independent of the surface to air temperature gradient. The coupling of forced ventilation with wetting combination may be attained in various parts of the dairy farm, the holding area of the milking parlour, the feeding trip and the resting area. Each of these requires differing structural and technological adaptations. Climate and farming systems vary between locations which require specific solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A comparative life cycle energy and environmental inventory has been developed for public road transport modes in metropolitan regions in India. The environmental performance of public bus transport (PBT) and intermediate public transport (IPT) modes, viz. taxi and auto-rickshaw, in Mumbai Metropolitan Region has been assessed and compared at off-peak, average and peak levels of vehicle occupancy. Moreover, the environmental performance of vehicles adhering to Bharat Stage (BS) emission norms has been assessed. The inventory captures both vehicle operation (tail-pipe emissions) and non-operation components (e.g. vehicle manufacturing, vehicle maintenance and fuel production). GaBi 6.5 has been used to assess the environmental impact in terms of global warming, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone creation, abiotic depletion potential and primary energy demand. The functional unit of the study was defined as passenger kilometre travelled in 15 years, the service lifetime of the vehicle. The results show that tail-pipe emissions dominate the life cycle environmental impact of PBT (75% of 17.2 g CO2-eq/PKT), taxi (78% of 85 g CO2-eq/PKT) and auto-rickshaw (78% of 78 g CO2-eq/PKT). However, in case of vehicles adhering to BS-VI stringent emission norms, vehicle non-operation components dominate the life cycle environmental impact of public road transport modes. Therefore, vehicle non-operation components should be considered while addressing the environmental performance of public road transport modes. For all three occupancy levels, PBT is environment-friendly compared to IPT modes. However, the break-even point assessment highlights that the bus services should be operated with at least 11 passengers to make its global warming potential equivalent to IPT modes. In case of shared services of the taxi and auto-rickshaw, this equivalency increases to 23 and 29 passengers, respectively. Eventually, this study provides the benchmark that can lead regional transport planners to more informed and prioritized mitigation measures for improving the environmental footprint of public transportation in metropolitan regions in India.Graphical abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to the generally advanced spring leaf unfolding under global warming, the effects of the climate warming on autumn leaf senescence are highly variable with advanced, delayed, and unchanged patterns being all reported. Using one million records of leaf phenology from four dominant temperate species in Europe, we investigated the temperature sensitivities of spring leaf unfolding and autumn leaf senescence (ST, advanced or delayed days per degree Celsius). The ST of spring phenology in all of the four examined species showed an increase and decrease during 1951–1980 and 1981–2013, respectively. The decrease in the ST during 1981–2013 appears to be caused by reduced accumulation of chilling units. As with spring phenology, the ST of leaf senescence of early successional and exotic species started to decline since 1980. In contrast, for late successional species, the ST of autumn senescence showed an increase for the entire study period from 1951 to 2013. Moreover, the impacts of rising temperature associated with global warming on spring leaf unfolding were stronger than those on autumn leaf senescence. The timing of leaf senescence was positively correlated with the timing of leaf unfolding during 1951–1980. However, as climate warming continued, the differences in the responses between spring and autumn phenology gradually increased, so that the correlation was no more significant during 1981–2013. Our results further suggest that since 2000, due to the decreased temperature sensitivity of leaf unfolding the length of the growing season has not increased any more. These finding needs to be addressed in vegetation models used for assessing the effects of climate change. Here, we found both impacts of climate warming on both spring and autumn phenology declined in recent decades. In addition, the impacts of rising temperature associated with global warming on spring leaf unfolding were stronger than those on autumn leaf senescence. The timing of leaf senescence was positively correlated with the timing of leaf unfolding during 1951–1980. However, as climate warming continued, the differences in the responses between spring and autumn phenology gradually increased, the correlation was no more significant during 1981–2013. These findings need to be addressed in vegetation models used for assessing the effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The effects of global change on semi‐natural and agro‐ecosystem functioning have been studied extensively. However, less well understood is how global change will influence fungal diseases, especially in a natural ecosystem.We use data from a 6‐yr factorial experiment with warming (simulated using infrared heaters) and altered precipitation treatments in a natural Tibetan alpine meadow ecosystem, from which we tested global change effects on foliar fungal diseases at the population and community levels, and evaluated the importance of direct effects of the treatments and community‐mediated (indirect) effects (through changes in plant community composition and competence) of global change on community pathogen load.At the population level, we found warming significantly increased fungal diseases for nine plant species. At the community level, we found that warming significantly increased pathogen load of entire host communities, whereas no significant effect of altered precipitation on community pathogen load was detected.We concluded that warming influences fungal disease prevalence more than precipitation does in a Tibetan alpine meadow. Moreover, our study provides new experimental evidence that increases in disease burden on some plant species and for entire host communities is primarily the direct effects of warming, rather than community‐mediated (indirect) effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myiasis refers to the infestation of living humans and vertebrates with fly larvae that feed on necrotic or vital tissue of the host. Since the invasion of new fly species in Europe is currently being observed, which live obligatorily parasitically or are close relatives of such species, the aim of this study is to obtain a global overview of the distribution of myiasis-causing fly species in times of climate change and to assess the possible consequences for Western Europe. A systematic literature search was conducted using Pubmed/Medline for the years 1997 to 2017 and a total of 464 international case reports from 79 countries were evaluated. The described cases were caused by 41 different species. In 99.4% of the cases, it was a colonization by just one species, a maximum of three species were detected in a human. Casuistics from Western Europe mostly describe myiasis as a "holiday souvenir" from tropical regions. Reports of autochthonous cases are rare in comparison to other regions. With regard to rising temperatures and the invasion of new fly species, a noticeable increase in the number of cases in Western Europe is to be assumed, which could be an increasing problem in the clinical area and in care, which is why thorough monitoring for professional identification and treatment seems important in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Today, there is a growing interest to produce biogas by anaerobic digestion process with regard to the decrease in fossil fuel sources, global warming, and the rising level of water, air and soil pollution resulted from drainage of the discharge of human and industrial wastewater, urban solid waste, and livestock dung in the environment. Furthermore, the high cost of biogas production equipment and instability in biogas production during different times and seasons increased the need to design a stable and reliable system for generating power. In the present study, a Dual Fuel Gas Turbine (DFGT) was presented. In this turbine, a mixture of biogas and natural gas was used as fuel. To make a quantitative comparison between different Biogas and Natural gas Ratios (BNR), a Price Objective Function (POF) was introduced based on the energy, exergy, environmental and economic (4E) analyses. Finally, considering the minimum POF, the optimum combination of biogas and natural gas, which happened at BNR of 0.55 in the investigated case, was achieved. It seems that introducing POF as a comprehensive economic index creates a clear vision about the fate of using DFGT for investors. Consequently, using the DFGT system with optimum BNR can pave the way for sustainable production by small farms and micro investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is an essential component of Earth's global energy balance and water cycle. The Paris Agreement aspires to limit global mean surface warming to <2 °C and no >1.5 °C relative to preindustrial levels. However, it is uncertain how this global level will impact the shifts in the extents of sandy areas caused by global desertification. Using Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) datasets and advection-aridity models, we investigated the spatiotemporal features of ETa in sandy areas in northern China under global warming scenarios of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C. The four climate models indicated significant increases in ETa in arid areas across northwestern China. Over time, the ETa value under only the representative concentration pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6) emission scenario increased towards a plateau and significantly increased in the other three emission scenarios (P < 0.01) under global warming of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C. In terms of the spatial variations, ETa showed an increasing trend in all seasons except winter. The maximum ETa was 84.61 mm, and high values were mainly located in the southeast of the study area. Precipitation and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed good correlations with ETa in the sandy areas in northern China. The sandy areas in northern China showed decreasing trends (0.45 km2/a) from 1980 to 2015. Under global warming of 2.0 °C (2040–2059) relative to that of 1.5 °C (2020–2039), the area of sandy land will increase at a rate of 27.04 km2 per decade (P < 0.01); after this period, the sandy land area in northern China may gradually stabilize, with a trend of 0.02 km2/a (2047–2100). Early efforts to achieve the 1.5 °C temperature goal could therefore markedly reduce the likelihood that large regions will face substantial global desertification and the related impacts. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The degree of ETa and desertification in northern China in the future was quantified. • Regional temperature rise is typically much higher than the global warming scenarios of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C • The increase in the ETa under global warming of 1.5 °C is smaller than 2.0 °C • Desertification degree comprehensively reflects the linkage between the ETa , precipitation and NDVI • The sandy areas of northern China may gradually become stable from 2047 to 2100 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cranberry growers in New England are increasingly pressured by negative effects associated with global climate change, some of which are familiar to this group (such as precipitation fluctuations and pest pressures), others that are rather new (such as warmer winters that threaten needed chill hours for the plants to bloom). The first study of this population of its kind, we use a survey, supplemented with observations and interviews, to assess Massachusetts cranberry grower attitudes towards climate change, and whether certain conditions of production might be associated with their attitudes. Our findings suggest that certain personal and ecological conditions are associated with greater worry of climate change effects, and that communal conditions of the cranberry grower social network provide some ways to cope with a warming climate. While the cranberry growing community has created a strong social network that has allowed it to sustain production, a warming planet will likely require significant change in order to overcome general attitudes of climate skepticism so that cranberry production may continue in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The ability of tree species to track their climatic niche at rates comparable to global warming is of concern, particularly if they are constrained by local adaptation. If a species is locally adapted at its range margin, it could be beneficial for range expansion because it ensures that the genotypes colonizing new areas are the fittest, given that environmental conditions are more similar to the current ones. In trees, local adaptation can slow range expansion when climate change happens much faster than their ability to migrate. Location: Québec, Canada. Time period: 2013–2015. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We investigate experimentally a series of factors thought to constrain the seedling phase at the leading edge of the distribution of a dominant tree species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall.). We established a seed transplant experiment using six provenances, representing the latitudinal species range, and transplanted them to 12 sites within, at and beyond the current northern species range margin. Results: At present, northern provenances provide the best opportunity for establishment beyond the current range, where climatic conditions are more similar than those of the warmer central or southern portions of the species range. Establishment was highest within the species range, but survival rates were comparable to those at the range margin and beyond, regardless of provenance. We also found that the local climate was the most influential factor for early seedling establishment and survival; however, a lack of suitable microsites also significantly constrained recruitment. Main conclusions: Our study highlights the complex interaction between provenance, climate and microsite conditions that is required to ensure successful seedling recruitment. Although sugar maple is currently displaying evidence for local adaptation to facilitate range shifts, it could risk maladaptation in the future if the local climate warms beyond a threshold required to ensure seed germination and a lack of favourable microsite conditions beyond the range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract How terrestrial ecosystem responds to global warming has received wide attention. Plant stoichiometry has the potential to reflect ecosystem responses to climate change, thus, investigating the variations in plant stoichiometry with temperature is important and necessary for revealing the responses of terrestrial ecosystem to global warming. Although many studies had explored the relationships between plant N, P stoichiometry and temperature, previous field investigations did not eliminate the interference of precipitation effect with these observed relationships. To minimize the effect of precipitation on leaf N, P stoichiometry, this investigation was conducted across a temperature gradient over broad geographical scale along the 400 mm isohyet, which extends about 6000 km in China. This study showed that leaf N did not vary, whereas leaf P decreased and leaf N:P ratio increased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT). The responses of leaf N and P stoichiometry to MAT observed in this study might be general patterns; because they were almost ubiquitous across functional groups, genera and species examined, and moreover, they were independent of vegetation and soil type. It could be inferred from this study that global warming in future will have no effect on leaf N, but reduce leaf P and increase leaf N:P ratio. Stable leaf N and varied leaf P with changing MAT suggested that leaf N and P decoupled with changing temperature. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Precipitation effect was not removed in past studies of leaf nutrient-temperature. • Sampling along an isohyet minimized precipitation effect on leaf N and P. • Leaf N kept stable, leaf P decreased and leaf N:P increased with temperature. • Pattern of leaf nutrient-temperature was independent of vegetation and soil type. • Leaf N and P decoupled with changing temperature. Leaf N did not vary, whereas leaf P decreased and leaf N:P ratio increased with increasing temperature; and leaf N and P decoupled with changing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a research study using the SWAT hydrologic model for predicting the impact of global warming and climate change on the streamflow and evapotranspiration phenomena which occur at the Baitarani river basin in Odisha, India. Details on the application of the model and its calibration for the study are presented. The results of the study are also presented.