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1. The XENONnT dark matter experiment

Author

XENON Collaboration, E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, K. Abe, S. Ahmed Maouloud, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, M. Balata, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, M. Bazyk, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, E. J. Brookes, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, T. K. Bui, C. Cai, J. M. R. Cardoso, F. Cassese, A. Chiarini, D. Cichon, A. P. Cimental Chavez, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, R. Corrieri, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, O. Dadoun, V. D’Andrea, M. P. Decowski, B. De Fazio, P. Di Gangi, S. Diglio, J. M. Disdier, D. Douillet, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, M. Flierman, S. Form, D. Front, W. Fulgione, C. Fuselli, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Gardner, N. Garroum, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, H. Guan, M. Guerzoni, M. Guida, R. Hammann, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, N. F. Hood, J. Howlett, C. Huhmann, M. Iacovacci, G. Iaquaniello, L. Iven, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, A. Joy, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, F. Kuger, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, P. Martella, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, E. Mele, M. Messina, R. Michinelli, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Müller, K. Ni, S. Nisi, U. Oberlack, D. Orlandi, R. Othegraven, B. Paetsch, J. Palacio, S. Parlati, P. Paschos, Q. Pellegrini, R. Peres, C. Peters, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, G. Plante, T. R. Pollmann, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, M. Rynge, J. Shi, R. Singh, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, I. Sarnoff, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, J. Stephen, M. Stern, B. K. Stillwell, A. Takeda, P.-L. Tan, D. Tatananni, A. Terliuk, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, J. Westermann, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, V. H. S. Wu, Y. Xing, D. Xu, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, M. Zhong, and T. Zhu

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.

Published
2024
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2. Cosmogenic background simulations for neutrinoless double beta decay with the DARWIN observatory at various underground sites

Author

DARWIN Collaboration, M. Adrover, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, B. Antunovic, E. Aprile, M. Babicz, D. Bajpai, E. Barberio, L. Baudis, M. Bazyk, N. Bell, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, Y. Biondi, A. Bismark, C. Boehm, A. Breskin, E. J. Brookes, A. Brown, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, A. Chauvin, A. P. Cimental Chavez, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, V. D’Andrea, M. P. Decowski, A. Deisting, P. Di Gangi, S. Diglio, M. Doerenkamp, G. Drexlin, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, R. Engel, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, M. Flierman, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, N. Garroum, S. Ghosh, F. Girard, R. Glade-Beucke, F. Glück, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, R. Größle, H. Guan, M. Guida, R. Hammann, V. Hannen, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, N. Hargittai, T. Hasegawa, C. Hils, A. Higuera, K. Hiraoka, L. Hoetzsch, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Jörg, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Keller, B. Kilminster, M. Kleifges, M. Kobayashi, A. Kopec, B. von Krosigk, F. Kuger, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. Loizeau, T. Luce, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. A. M. Lopes, F. Marignetti, K. Martens, J. Masbou, S. Mastroianni, S. Milutinovic, K. Miuchi, R. Miyata, A. Molinario, C. M. B. Monteiro, K. Morå, E. Morteau, Y. Mosbacher, J. Müller, M. Murra, J. L. Newstead, K. Ni, U. G. Oberlack, I. Ostrovskiy, B. Paetsch, M. Pandurovic, Q. Pellegrini, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, M. Piotter, G. Plante, T. R. Pollmann, L. Principe, J. Qi, J. Qin, M. Rajado Silva, D. Ramírez García, A. Razeto, S. Sakamoto, L. Sanchez, P. Sanchez-Lucas, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, A. Scaffidi, P. Schulte, H.-C. Schultz-Coulon, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Sharma, W. Shen, M. Silva, H. Simgen, R. Singh, M. Solmaz, O. Stanley, M. Steidl, P.-L. Tan, A. Terliuk, D. Thers, T. Thümmler, F. Tönnies, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, R. Trotta, C. Tunnell, P. Urquijo, K. Valerius, S. Vecchi, S. Vetter, G. Volta, D. Vorkapic, W. Wang, K. M. Weerman, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, J. Wolf, T. Wolf, V. H. S. Wu, M. Wurm, Y. Xing, M. Yamashita, J. Ye, G. Zavattini, and K. Zuber

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With $$40\,\textrm{t}$$ 40 t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay ( $$0\upnu \upbeta \upbeta $$ 0 ν β β ), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We present here the results of simulations performed to determine the production rate of $${}^{137}$$ 137 Xe, the most crucial isotope in the search for $$0\upnu \upbeta \upbeta $$ 0 ν β β of $${}^{136}$$ 136 Xe. Additionally, we explore the contribution that other muon-induced spallation products, such as other unstable xenon isotopes and tritium, may have on the cosmogenic background.

Published
2024
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3. Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar source

Author

E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, T. K. Bui, C. Cai, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, V. D’Andrea, M. P. Decowski, P. Di Gangi, S. Di Pede, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, M. Guida, R. Hammann, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, A. Joy, N. Kato, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, F. Kuger, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Müller, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, B. Paetsch, J. Palacio, R. Peres, C. Peters, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, L. Sanchez, P. Sanchez-Lucas, J. M. F. dos Santos, I. Sarnoff, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P.-L. Tan, A. Terliuk, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, D. Xu, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, S. Zerbo, M. Zhong, T. Zhu, C. Geppert, J. Riemer, and XENON Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be ( $$32.3\,\pm \,0.3$$ 32.3 ± 0.3 ) photons/keV and ( $$40.6\,\pm \,0.5$$ 40.6 ± 0.5 ) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is ( $$68.0^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$$ 68 . 0 - 3.7 + 6.3 ) electrons/keV. The $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at ( $$2.83\,\pm \,0.02$$ 2.83 ± 0.02 ) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.

Published
2023
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4. An approximate likelihood for nuclear recoil searches with XENON1T data

Author

E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, V. D’Andrea, M. P. Decowski, P. Di Gangi, S. Di Pede, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, H. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, A. Joy, N. Kato, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Müller, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, B. Paetsch, J. Palacio, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P. L. Tan, A. Terliuk, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, M. Zhong, T. Zhu, and XENON Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The XENON collaboration has published stringent limits on specific dark matter – nucleon recoil spectra from dark matter recoiling on the liquid xenon detector target. In this paper, we present an approximate likelihood for the XENON1T 1 t-year nuclear recoil search applicable to any nuclear recoil spectrum. Alongside this paper, we publish data and code to compute upper limits using the method we present. The approximate likelihood is constructed in bins of reconstructed energy, profiled along the signal expectation in each bin. This approach can be used to compute an approximate likelihood and therefore most statistical results for any nuclear recoil spectrum. Computing approximate results with this method is approximately three orders of magnitude faster than the likelihood used in the original publications of XENON1T, where limits were set for specific families of recoil spectra. Using this same method, we include toy Monte Carlo simulation-derived binwise likelihoods for the upcoming XENONnT experiment that can similarly be used to assess the sensitivity to arbitrary nuclear recoil signatures in its eventual 20 t-year exposure.

Published
2022
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5. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment

Author

E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, V. D’Andrea, M. P. Decowski, P. Di Gangi, S. Di Pede, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, H. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, A. Higuera, C. Hils, K. Hiraide, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, N. Kato, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, J. Palacio, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P. L. Tan, A. Terliuk, C. Therreau, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, J. Westermann, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, M. Zhong, T. Zhu, J. P. Zopounidis, XENON Collaboration, M. Laubenstein, and S. Nisi

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background ( $$\sim $$ ∼ 17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 ( $$^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$$ - 0.7 + 0.5 ) $$\upmu $$ μ Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.

Published
2022
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6. $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment

Author

XENON Collaboration, E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F. D. Amaro, V. C. Antochi, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, F. Arneodo, D. Barge, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, L. Bellagamba, M. L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, A. Depoian, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, G. Eurin, A. D. Ferella, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, L. Grandi, M. Garbini, C. Hasterok, C. Hils, K. Hiraide, L. Hoetzsch, E. Hogenbirk, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, F. Joerg, N. Kato, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, E. López Fune, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, K. Morå, S. Moriyama, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, K. Odgers, J. Palacio, B. Pelssers, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qin, H. Qiu, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, N. Šarčević, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, C. Therreau, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, M. Vargas, G. Volta, O. Wack, H. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, J. Westermann, C. Wittweg, J. Wulf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, J. Ye, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, T. Zhu, and J. P. Zopounidis

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration of $$10\,\mathrm{\,}\upmu \mathrm{Bq}/\mathrm{kg}$$ 10 μ Bq / kg in $$3.2\,\mathrm{t}$$ 3.2 t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate problematic components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration of $$(4.5\pm 0.1)\,\mathrm{\,}\upmu \mathrm{Bq}/\mathrm{kg}$$ ( 4.5 ± 0.1 ) μ Bq / kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment.

Published
2021
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7. Energy resolution and linearity of XENON1T in the MeV energy range

Author

E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F. D. Amaro, V. C. Antochi, E. Angelino, J. Angevaare, F. Arneodo, D. Barge, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, L. Bellagamba, M. L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, A. Depoian, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, G. Eurin, A. D. Ferella, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, M. Garbini, L. Grandi, C. Hasterok, C. Hils, K. Hiraide, L. Hoetzsch, E. Hogenbirk, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, F. Joerg, N. Kato, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, E. López Fune, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, K. Morå, S. Moriyama, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, K. Odgers, J. Palacio, B. Pelssers, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qin, H. Qiu, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, N. Šarčević, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, C. Therreau, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, M. Vargas, G. Volta, O. Wack, H. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss Xu, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, J. Wulf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, J. Ye, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, T. Zhu, and J. P. Zopounidis

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Xenon dual-phase time projection chambers designed to search for weakly interacting massive particles have so far shown a relative energy resolution which degrades with energy above $$\sim $$ ∼ 200 keV due to the saturation effects. This has limited their sensitivity in the search for rare events like the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $$^{136} \hbox {Xe}$$ 136Xe at its Q value, $$Q_{\beta \beta }\simeq 2.46\,\hbox {MeV}$$ Qββ≃2.46MeV . For the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber, we demonstrate that the relative energy resolution at $$1\,\sigma /\mu $$ 1σ/μ is as low as ($$0.80 \pm 0.02$$ 0.80±0.02 ) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at $$Q_{\beta \beta }$$ Qββ . We also present a new signal correction method to rectify the saturation effects of the signal readout system, resulting in more accurate position reconstruction and indirectly improving the energy resolution. The very good result achieved in XENON1T opens up new windows for the xenon dual-phase dark matter detectors to simultaneously search for other rare events.

Published
2020
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8. Intrinsic mirror noise in Fabry–Perot based polarimeters: the case for the measurement of vacuum magnetic birefringence

Author

G. Zavattini, F. Della Valle, A. Ejlli, W.-T. Ni, U. Gastaldi, E. Milotti, R. Pengo, and G. Ruoso

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Although experimental efforts have been active for about 30 years, a direct laboratory observation of vacuum magnetic birefringence, due to vacuum fluctuations, still needs confirmation: the predicted birefringence of vacuum is $$\Delta n = 4.0\times 10^{-24}$$ Δn=4.0×10-24 @ 1 T. Key ingredients of a polarimeter for detecting such a small birefringence are a long optical path within the magnetic field and a time dependent effect. To lengthen the optical path a Fabry–Perot is generally used with a finesse ranging from $${{\mathscr {F}}} \approx 10^4$$ F≈104 to $${{\mathscr {F}}} \approx 7\times 10^5$$ F≈7×105 . Interestingly, there is a difficulty in reaching the predicted shot noise limit of such polarimeters. We have measured the ellipticity and rotation noises along with Cotton-Mouton and Faraday effects as a function of the finesse of the cavity of the PVLAS polarimeter. The observations are consistent with the idea that the cavity mirrors generate a birefringence-dominated noise whose ellipticity is amplified by the cavity itself. The optical path difference sensitivity at $$10\;\hbox {Hz}$$ 10Hz is $$S_{\Delta {{\mathscr {D}}}}=6\times 10^{-19}\;\hbox {m}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$$ SΔD=6×10-19m/Hz , a value which we believe is consistent with an intrinsic thermal noise in the mirror coatings. Our findings prove that the continuous efforts to increase the finesse of the cavity to improve the sensitivity has reached a limit.

Published
2018
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10. Double-weak decays of and in the XENON1T and XENONnT experiments

Author

E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Ant??n Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Cai, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, M. Clark, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-Garc??a, J. P. Cussonneau, V. D'Andrea, M. P. Decowski, P. Di Gangi, S. Di Pede, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, H. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, M. Guida, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, A. Joy, N. Kato, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrod??n Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Mor??, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. M??ller, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, B. Paetsch, J. Palacio, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ram??rez Garc??a, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, I. Sarnoff, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Ei??ing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P. -L. Tan, A. Terliuk, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. T??nnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, S. Zerbo, M. Zhong, T. Zhu, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Ant??n Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-Garc??a, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrod??n Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Mor??, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., M??ller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ram??rez Garc??a, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Schulze Ei??ing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., T??nnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.

Subjects
Double beta decay
Abstract

We present results on the search for two-neutrino double-electron capture (2νECEC) of 124Xe and neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of 136Xe in XENON1T. We consider captures from the K shell up to the N shell in the 2νECEC signal model and measure a total half-life of T2νECEC1/2=(1.1±0.2stat±0.1sys)×1022yr with a 0.87kgyr isotope exposure. The statistical significance of the signal is 7.0σ. We use XENON1T data with 36.16kgyr of 136Xe exposure to search for 0νββ. We find no evidence of a signal and set a lower limit on the half-life of T0νββ1/2>1.2×1024yrat90%CL. This is the best result from a dark matter detector without an enriched target to date. We also report projections on the sensitivity of XENONnT to 0νββ. Assuming a 275kgyr 136Xe exposure, the expected sensitivity is T0νββ1/2>2.1×1025yrat90%CL, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass range of ⟨mββ⟩

Published
2022

11. The role of biophysical stimulation with pemfs in fracture healing: from bench to bedside

Author

G, Vicenti, D, Bizzoca, G, Solarino, F, Moretti, G, Ottaviani, F, Simone, G, Zavattini, G, Maccagnano, G, Noia, and B, Moretti

Subjects
Fracture Healing, Fractures, Bone, Electromagnetic Fields, Biophysics, Osteonecrosis, Humans
Abstract

Clinical biophysics investigates the relationship between non-ionizing physical energy and the human body. This narrative review aims to summarize the current evidence on the efficacy of PEMF-therapy in the promotion of fracture healing. The effectiveness of PEMFs has been deeply investigated in preclinical in vitro ed in vivo studies and level-I clinical studies. All these studies depicted only PEMF-devices with specific physical wave features - i.e. pulse shape, frequency and amplitude- could significantly promote bone repair. Moreover, the dose-response relationship was also defined in preclinical studies, thus providing the minimum exposure time needed in PEMF-therapy. PEMFs are currently employed in the management several bone injuries, including acute fractures at non-union risk, non-unions, osteotomies, stress fractures and osteonecrosis. Moreover, several ongoing studies are investigating the effectiveness of PEMFs on emerging clinical conditions, thus the indications to PEMF-therapy could potentially raise in future years.

Published
2021

12. Search for inelastic scattering of WIMP dark matter in XENON1T

Author

A. Manfredini, L. Scotto Lavina, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, R. Budnik, Yuehuan Wei, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, C. Weinheimer, K. Martens, F. Arneodo, M. Messina, Lorne Levinson, F. Joerg, Kaixuan Ni, D. Cichon, N. Kato, C. Macolino, L. Hoetzsch, A. Elykov, T. Wolf, Elena Aprile, João Cardoso, M. Pierre, D. Ramírez García, F. Gao, Keita Mizukoshi, P. Shagin, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Mosbacher, Y. Ma, Masaki Yamashita, P. Di Gangi, S. Moriyama, T. Zhu, F. D. Amaro, Guillaume Plante, Fabrizio Marignetti, M. Vargas, H. Landsman, M. P. Decowski, April S. Brown, Boris Bauermeister, Jochen Schreiner, D. Masson, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, L. Bellagamba, A. Rocchetti, S. Liang, Manfred Lindner, L. Althueser, K. Odgers, J. Howlett, Katsuki Hiraide, F. Lombardi, M. Alfonsi, S. Andaloro, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Agostini, R. Di Stefano, V. Pizzella, Giacomo Bruno, J. Naganoma, N. Šarčević, J. Qin, Sebastian Lindemann, G. Sartorelli, J. Pienaar, C. Capelli, N. Rupp, Gian Carlo Trinchero, K. Morå, Michelle Galloway, H. Schulze Eißing, E. Angelino, S. Bruenner, A. Molinario, S. Mastroianni, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, M. Iacovacci, A. Di Giovanni, Bart Pelssers, C. Tunnell, C. Wittweg, J. P. Zopounidis, D. Coderre, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, M. Scheibelhut, Jelle Aalbers, A. Depoian, M. Selvi, D. Schulte, Kathrin Valerius, A. Kopec, S. Reichard, Qing Lin, J. Qi, J. Palacio, J. Ye, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, Atsushi Takeda, Shingo Kazama, G. Volta, Uwe Oberlack, V. C. Antochi, Ethan Brown, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, J. Cuenca, Y. Zhang, Julien Masbou, Z. Xu, M. Murra, W. Fulgione, Laura Manenti, C. Hils, Sara Diglio, J. Mahlstedt, G. Zavattini, Laura Baudis, P. Gaemers, F. Toschi, M. L. Benabderrahmane, J. Long, J. R. Angevaare, E. Shockley, Jan Conrad, Masanori Kobayashi, R. Gaior, Yoshitaka Itow, M. Weiss, D. Thers, Marc Schumann, F. Semeria, R. F. Lang, A. P. Colijn, D. Wenz, R. Peres, A. Mancuso, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Andaloro, S., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Liang, S., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodan Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Mora, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramirez Garcia, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Sarcevic, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulze Eissing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., XENON Collaboration, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, IoP (FNWI), and XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
xenon: target, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, WIMP: dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, astro-ph.CO, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Recoil, WIMP, WIMP nucleus: cross section, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Dark Matter, parameter space, Nuclear Experiment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, nucleus: recoil, Physics, Dark Matter, Inelastic scattering, XENON, Direct Dark Matter, photon, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Direct Dark Matter, Weakly interacting massive particles, signature, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Particle physics, Inelastic scattering, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, WIMP: mass, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, NO, PE2_2, PE2_1, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, WIMP nucleus: interaction, Dark, matter, WIMP: interaction, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics and astroparticle physics, experimental results
Abstract

We report the results of a search for the inelastic scattering of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Scattering off $^{129}$Xe is the most sensitive probe of inelastic WIMP interactions, with a signature of a 39.6 keV de-excitation photon detected simultaneously with the nuclear recoil. Using an exposure of 0.89 tonne-years, we find no evidence of inelastic WIMP scattering with a significance of more than 2$\sigma$. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis is used to set upper limits on the cross-section of WIMP-nucleus interactions. We exclude new parameter space for WIMPs heavier than 100 GeV/c${}^2$, with the strongest upper limit of $3.3 \times 10^{-39}$ cm${}^2$ for 130 GeV/c${}^2$ WIMPs at 90\% confidence level., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021

13. Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar B8 Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Y. Mosbacher, Y. Ma, D. Ramírez García, J. Pienaar, Jelle Aalbers, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, M. Messina, F. Joerg, C. Macolino, L. Hoetzsch, J. P. Zopounidis, R. Budnik, D. Wenz, Masahiro Yamashita, Yuehuan Wei, R. Peres, J. Howlett, C. Capelli, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, K. Morå, P. Shagin, Laura Baudis, Atsushi Takeda, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, J. A. M. Lopes, C. Hils, N. Kato, A. Mancuso, E. Shockley, C. Wittweg, P. Gaemers, A. Manfredini, M. Alfonsi, D. Coderre, Katsuki Hiraide, J. Mahlstedt, G. Zavattini, F. Lombardi, S. Andaloro, F. Toschi, V. Pizzella, D. Cichon, Marc Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, P. Di Gangi, M. Vargas, Hardy Simgen, R. Di Stefano, A. D. Ferella, Z. Xu, D. Schulte, J. Qin, W. Fulgione, R. Gaior, J. Naganoma, M. Murra, Kathrin Valerius, S. Bruenner, C. Weinheimer, Kaixuan Ni, João Cardoso, M. Pierre, N. Rupp, Shigetaka Moriyama, Yoshitaka Itow, Giacomo Bruno, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, F. Gao, J. Long, Laura Manenti, Michelle Galloway, Uwe Oberlack, Sara Diglio, M. Clark, Elena Aprile, B. Cimmino, T. Zhu, A. Elykov, T. Wolf, H. Landsman, Keita Mizukoshi, M. Weiss, D. Thers, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, F. D. Amaro, E. Angelino, S. Liang, F. Semeria, Guillaume Plante, R. F. Lang, Julien Masbou, A. Di Giovanni, Boris Bauermeister, G. Volta, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, A. P. Colijn, Bart Pelssers, V. C. Antochi, M. P. Decowski, C. Tunnell, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Arneodo, F. Agostini, K. Martens, Lorne Levinson, J. R. Angevaare, Fabrizio Marignetti, Manfred Lindner, J. Ye, L. Althueser, Sebastian Lindemann, L. Bellagamba, April S. Brown, G. Sartorelli, Gian Carlo Trinchero, S. Mastroianni, Jochen Schreiner, S. Ahmed Maouloud, J. Qi, J. Palacio, Shingo Kazama, A. Rocchetti, Jan Conrad, Masanori Kobayashi, D. Masson, S. Reichard, J. Cuenca, Y. Zhang, H. Schulze Eißing, A. Molinario, M. Iacovacci, A. Depoian, M. Selvi, A. Kopec, and K. Odgers

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Xenon, Recoil, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Order of magnitude
Abstract

We report on a search for nuclear recoil signals from solar $^8$B neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei in XENON1T data, lowering the energy threshold from 2.6 keV to 1.6 keV. We develop a variety of novel techniques to limit the resulting increase in backgrounds near the threshold. No significant $^8$B neutrino-like excess is found in an exposure of 0.6 t $\times$ y. For the first time, we use the non-detection of solar neutrinos to constrain the light yield from 1-2 keV nuclear recoils in liquid xenon, as well as non-standard neutrino-quark interactions. Finally, we improve upon world-leading constraints on dark matter-nucleus interactions for dark matter masses between 3 GeV/c$^2$ and 11 GeV/c$^2$ by as much as an order of magnitude.

Published
2021

14. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the XENONnT dark matter experiment

Author

K. Martens, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, N. Šarčević, A. Manfredini, G. Sartorelli, Laura Manenti, Gian Carlo Trinchero, K. Odgers, N. Kato, M. Vargas, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, A. Depoian, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, E. López Fune, A. Rocchetti, P. Shagin, C. Wittweg, J. A. M. Lopes, D. Coderre, F. Toschi, P. Di Gangi, C. Hils, M. Selvi, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, A. Molinario, M. Scheibelhut, J. Mahlstedt, G. Zavattini, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, Sara Diglio, M. Messina, L. Scotto Lavina, D. Cichon, Michelle Galloway, T. Berger, A. Kopec, Qing Lin, Kaixuan Ni, Hardy Simgen, F. Joerg, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, A. D. Ferella, J. Long, N. Rupp, Bart Pelssers, Yuehuan Wei, Marc Schumann, W. Fulgione, Elena Aprile, A. Elykov, J. Ye, C. Tunnell, D. Schulte, E. Angelino, J.M.F. dos Santos, M. Iacovacci, April S. Brown, E. Shockley, Han Wang, Keita Mizukoshi, F. Agostini, Katsuki Hiraide, R. Di Stefano, Sebastian Lindemann, Jochen Schreiner, L. Althueser, A. Di Giovanni, J. P. Zopounidis, S. Reichard, Z. Xu, H. Landsman, G. Eurin, L. Levinson, D. Ramírez García, Atsushi Takeda, D. Masson, C. Hasterok, S. Bruenner, S. Mastroianni, J. Pienaar, Yanxi Zhang, Laura Baudis, D. Wenz, R. Peres, F. Arneodo, M. Clark, Auke-Pieter Colijn, D. Barge, João Cardoso, Giacomo Bruno, F. Gao, B. Cimmino, Kathrin Valerius, J. Qin, R. Gaior, A. Mancuso, Ran Budnik, Yoshitaka Itow, Uwe Oberlack, G. Volta, Ch. Weinheimer, Jelle Aalbers, C. Macolino, L. Hoetzsch, Y. Mosbacher, V. C. Antochi, M. Weiss, Julien Masbou, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, J. R. Angevaare, J. Howlett, H. Qiu, J. Palacio, Shingo Kazama, F. Semeria, M. Alfonsi, Jan Conrad, Masanori Kobayashi, Masaki Yamashita, Fabrizio Marignetti, L. Bellagamba, P. Gaemers, F. Lombardi, V. Pizzella, J. Naganoma, Shigetaka Moriyama, M. Murra, C. Capelli, K. Morå, T. Zhu, F. D. Amaro, Guillaume Plante, Boris Bauermeister, D. Thers, R. F. Lang, IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. L., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. M., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Mora, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., Garcia, D. R., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Sarcevic, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. S., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Amaro, F.D., Antochi, V.C., Angevaare, J.R., Benabderrahmane, M.L., Cardoso, J.M.R., Colijn, A.P., Cussonneau, J.P., Decowski, M.P., Gangi, P. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Stefano, R. Di, Ferella, A.D., Lang, R.F., Lopes, J.A.M., Fune, E. López, Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Morå, K., García, D. Ramírez, Santos, J.M.F. do, Šarčević, N., Lavina, L. Scotto, and Zopounidis, J.P.

Subjects
WIMP nucleon: scattering, data analysis method, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, dark matter: direct detection, 01 natural sciences, WIMP: dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, NO, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, PE2_2, WIMP, PE2_1, electron: recoil, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, PE2_4, Dark matter experiment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, activity report, nucleus: recoil, Physics, xenon: liquid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Dark matter experiments, dark matter simulations, sensitivity, Baryon, Dark matter experiments, Dark matter simulations, Weakly interacting massive particles, Nucleon, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

XENONnT is a dark matter direct detection experiment, utilizing 5.9 t of instrumented liquid xenon, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we predict the experimental background and project the sensitivity of XENONnT to the detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The expected average differential background rate in the energy region of interest, corresponding to (1, 13) keV and (4, 50) keV for electronic and nuclear recoils, amounts to 12.3 ± 0.6 (keV t y)-1 and (2.2± 0.5)× 10−3 (keV t y)-1, respectively, in a 4 t fiducial mass. We compute unified confidence intervals using the profile construction method, in order to ensure proper coverage. With the exposure goal of 20 t y, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions reaches a cross-section of 1.4×10−48 cm2 for a 50 GeV/c2 mass WIMP at 90% confidence level, more than one order of magnitude beyond the current best limit, set by XENON1T . In addition, we show that for a 50 GeV/c2 WIMP with cross-sections above 2.6×10−48 cm2 (5.0×10−48 cm2) the median XENONnT discovery significance exceeds 3σ (5σ). The expected sensitivity to the spin-dependent WIMP coupling to neutrons (protons) reaches 2.2×10−43 cm2 (6.0×10−42 cm2).

Published
2020

15. On the universality of free fall, the equivalence principle, and the gravitational redshift

Author

G. Zavattini, G. Catastini, Anna M. Nobili, Alberto Anselmi, Roberto Peron, Slava G. Turyshev, D. Lucchesi, Michael Shao, and M. T. Crosta

Subjects
Physics, Physics::General Physics, Classical mechanics, Theory of relativity, Gravitational field, Tests of general relativity, General relativity, General Physics and Astronomy, Gravity Probe A, Equivalence principle, Redshift, Gravitational redshift
Abstract

Through the contributions of Galileo, Newton, and Einstein, we recall the universality of free fall (UFF), the weak equivalence principle (WEP), and the strong equivalence principle (SEP), in order to stress that general relativity requires all test masses to be equally accelerated in a gravitational field; that is, it requires UFF and WEP to hold. The possibility of testing this crucial fact with null, highly sensitive experiments makes these the most powerful tests of the theory. Following Schiff, we derive the gravitational redshift from the WEP and special relativity and show that, as long as clocks are affected by a gravitating body like normal matter, measurement of the redshift is a test of UFF/WEP but cannot compete with direct null tests. A new measurement of the gravitational redshift based on free-falling cold atoms and an absolute gravimeter is not competitive either. Finally, we compare UFF/WEP experiments using macroscopic masses as test bodies in one case and cold atoms in the other. We conclude that there is no difference in the nature of the test and that the merit of any such experiment rests on the accuracy it can achieve and on the physical differences between the elements it can test, macroscopic proof masses being superior in both respects.

Published
2013

16. A storage ring experiment to detect a proton electric dipole moment

Author

D. Kawall, Kyoko Makino, S. T. Park, Eric M. Metodiev, M. Bai, Andreas Lehrach, M. Grosse-Perdekamp, P. Fierlinger, A. Pesce, D. Moricciani, W. Meng, J. Talman, T. Roser, Andrew Ivanov, A.U. Luccio, Richard Talman, G. Venanzoni, M. Incagli, G. Guidoboni, J. Benante, Francois Méot, Konstantin Zioutas, Wolfram Fischer, Y. Giomataris, G. Fanourakis, Vadim Ptitsyn, S. Rescia, A. Sidorin, Jason Crnkovic, B. King, Michael Syphers, Selcuk Haciomeroglu, Richard Baartman, N. Tsoupas, B. I. Khazin, Yannis K. Semertzidis, Martin Berz, Yong-Ho Lee, Y. Senichev, G. Zavattini, Kevin Brown, J. Pretz, V. Tishchenko, T. J. V. Bowcock, S. K. Nayak, E. J. Stephenson, Ivan Koop, W.W. MacKay, Yuri F. Orlov, Alexey Lyapin, B. C. K. Casey, M. Blaskiewicz, C. Touramanis, A. N. Zelenski, R. Maier, M. Conte, Valeri Lebedev, G. Hoffstaetter, S. Baessler, E. Won, C. S. Özben, K. Vetter, Frank Rathmann, A. V. Fedotov, D. Raparia, A. Stahl, H. Huang, P. Pile, M. J. Lee, M. Gaisser, Shyh Yuan Lee, William J. Marciano, William Morse, B. Podobedov, D. M. Lazarus, P. Levi Sandri, Rasmus Larsen, Alexander J. Silenko, H. Kamal Sayed, Serge Andrianov, L. Miceli, N. Malitsky, P. Lenisa, Nikolaos Simos, H. Stroeher, S. Nagaitsev, S. Vlassis, Vassilis Anastassopoulos, E. J. Ramberg, Y. I. Kim, and V. Polychronakos

Subjects
Systematic error, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Proton, Physics beyond the Standard Model, FOS: Physical sciences, p: electric moment, momentum, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, NO, Nuclear physics, Polarisation, Storage Rings, Fundamental Symmetries, Physics beyond Standard Model, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Fundamental Symmetries, Polarisation, Physics, polarization, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, new physics, Magic (programming), Physics beyond Standard Model, storage ring, sensitivity, Electric dipole moment, electric moment [p], Storage Rings, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Storage ring, dipole, experimental results
Abstract

A new experiment is described to detect a permanent electric dipole moment of the proton with a sensitivity of $10^{-29}e\cdot$cm by using polarized "magic" momentum $0.7$~GeV/c protons in an all-electric storage ring. Systematic errors relevant to the experiment are discussed and techniques to address them are presented. The measurement is sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model at the scale of 3000~TeV., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2016
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17. Observation of vacuum induced birefringence induced by a transverse magnetic field

Author

E. ZAVATTINI, G. ZAVATTINI, P. TEMNIKOV, G. RUOSO, G. RAITERI, E. POLACCO, MILOTTI, EDOARDO, M. KARUZA, U. GASTALDI, G. DI DOMENICO, R. CIMINO, S. CARUSOTTO, M. BREGANT, DELLA VALLE, FEDERICO, CANTATORE, GIOVANNI, E., Zavattini, G., Zavattini, P., Temnikov, G., Ruoso, G., Raiteri, E., Polacco, Milotti, Edoardo, M., Karuza, U., Gastaldi, G., DI DOMENICO, DELLA VALLE, Federico, R., Cimino, S., Carusotto, Cantatore, Giovanni, and M., Bregant

Published
2007

18. [Untitled]

Author

P. Micossi, G. Petrucci, R. Pengo, U. Gastaldi, F. Perrone, Giuseppe Ruoso, Roberto Onofrio, F. Della Valle, Fernando Brandi, E. Polacco, A. M. De Riva, G. Zavattini, C. Rizzo, E. Milotti, E. Zavattini, Dimitar Bakalov, S. Carusotto, Giovanni Cantatore, E. Iacopini, and G. Carugno

Subjects
Physics, PVLAS, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Optics, Polarization (waves), Magnetic field, Dipole, Optics, Dipole magnet, Magnet, Astronomical interferometer, Vacuum polarization, business
Abstract

The following is a status report of the experiment PVLAS, whose aim is the measurement of the Polarization of Vacuum, induced by a high magnetic field. It includes a detailed description of the experimental set-up, in which a superconducting dipole magnet of more than 8 T, and a Fabry-Perot optical interferometer with a finesse of more than 130,000 are used. The experiment is in progress at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro in Italy.

Published
1998

19. Measurement of the Cotton–Mouton effect in krypton and xenon at 1064 nm with the PVLAS apparatus

Author

M. BREGANT, S. CARUSOTTO, G. DI DOMENICO, R. CIMINO, G. DI DOMANICO, U. GASTALDI, E. POLACCO, G. RUOSO, E. ZAVATTINI, G. ZAVATTINI, CANTATORE, GIOVANNI, DELLA VALLE, FEDERICO, KARUZA, MARIN, MILOTTI, EDOARDO, M., Bregant, Cantatore, Giovanni, S., Carusotto, G., DI DOMENICO, R., Cimino, DELLA VALLE, Federico, G., DI DOMANICO, U., Gastaldi, Karuza, Marin, Milotti, Edoardo, E., Polacco, G., Ruoso, E., Zavattini, and G., Zavattini

Subjects
NOBLE-GASES, MODULATOR, Birefringence, PVLAS, gas magnetic birefrigence, cotton-mouton effect, Krypton, MAGNETIC BIREFRINGENCE, VACUUM, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Wavelength, Xenon, chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Cotton–Mouton effect
Abstract

In this Letter we report a novel measurement of the magnetically induced birefringence (Cotton–Mouton effect) in krypton and xenon. The measurement is performed, with the apparatus of the PVLAS experiment, at the previously uninvestigated wavelength of 1064 nm.

Published
2004

20. 'Galileo Galilei' (GG): space test of the weak Equivalence Principle to 10^-17 and laboratory demonstrations

Author

Alberto Anselmi, Anna M. Nobili, F. Palmonari, T. R. Saravanan, S. Doravari, D. Lucchesi, G. Zavattini, Michael Shao, Slava G. Turyshev, A. De Michele, G. L. Comandi, Raffaello Pegna, and G. Catastini

Subjects
Physics, Mass energy, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General relativity, Attenuation, Pillar, Torsion (mechanics), Weak equivalence, Principio equivalentza, universality free fall, Signal strength, Quantum mechanics, Relative displacement
Abstract

The small satellite ‘Galileo Galilei’ (GG) will test the universality of free fall and hence the weak equivalence principle which is the founding pillar of general relativity to 1 part in 10 17 . It will use proof masses whose atoms differ substantially from one another in their mass energy content, so as to maximize the chance of violation. GG will improve by four orders of magnitude the current best ‘E¨ ot-Wash’ tests based on slowly rotating torsion balances, which have been able to reach their thermal noise level. In GG, the expected violation signal is a relative displacement between the proof masses of � 0.6 pm caused by a differential acceleration aGG � 8 × 10 −17 ms −2 pointing to the center of mass of the Earth as the satellite orbits around it at νGG � 1.7 × 10 −4 Hz. GG will fly an innovative acceleration sensor based on rapidly rotating macroscopic test masses weakly coupled in 2D which up-converts the signal to νspin � 1H z, a value well above the frequency of natural oscillations of the masses relative to each other νd = 1/Td � 1/(540 s). The sensor is unique in that it ensures high rotation frequency, low thermal noise and no attenuation of the signal strength (Pegna et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 200801). A readout based on a very

Published
2012

21. Compatibility and possible implications of the experimental results on solar neutrinos

Author

M. Capponi, Stefania Vecchi, M. Poli, I. Massa, Antonio Zoccoli, R. Spighi, U. Marconi, Mauro Villa, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, G. Zavattini, M. Bruschi, M. Piccinini, D. Galli, A. Vitale, S. De Castro, and A. Bertin

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Solar neutrino, Compatibility (mechanics), Measurements of neutrino speed, Solar neutrino problem, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract

The effect of varying the assumed value of the cross-section for the proton-proton fusion weak reaction of the solar cycle on the solar neutrino problem is discussed. It is shown that an increase of about 20% of the relevant astrophysical factor fields compatibility (within the present experimental accuracy) of the available results with theory and among themselves.

Published
1993

22. [Efficacy study in vitro: assessment of the properties of resveratrol and resveratrol + N-acetyl-cysteine on proliferation and inhibition of collagen activity]

Author

S, Giardina, A, Michelotti, G, Zavattini, S, Finzi, C, Ghisalberti, and F, Marzatico

Subjects
Resveratrol, Stilbenes, Humans, Female, Enzyme Inhibitors, Fibroblasts, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors, Menopause, Acetylcysteine, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

During and after menopause the skin shows up clearly how the lack of estrogen affects tissues, and menopause can in fact be considered a "multisystemic" disorder of connective tissue. The low menopausal estrogen levels combined with age-related skin changes, accelerating skin aging. This affects both the epidermis and the dermis: fibroblasts not only become fewer, but they produce 30% less collagen, reflecting its metabolic decline. Estrogens act on collagen synthesis by directly stimulating fibroblasts. However, hormone replacement can prevent the postmenopausal loss of collagen--or eliminate it once it has started. The results of the Women's Health Initiative study drastically changed Italian gynecologists' prescribing habits. Natural products with estrogen-like activity are increasingly accepted, since they have good effects on collagen synthesis and/or inhibit collagenase activity, with a reassuring safety profile. This was confirmed by an in vitro study that assessed the tonic-trophic properties of two treatments on cultured skin fibroblasts. Cells were treated with resveratrol either alone or combined with NAC 10-100-1000 μM. There was a dose-related increase in the rate of cell proliferation and in inhibition of collagenase activity.

Published
2010

23. Neutron background determination in the Gran Sasso laboratory by means of a novel coincidence neutron spectrometer

Author

A. Bertin, U. Marconi, M. Poli, I. D'Antone, M. Capponi, D. Bulgarelli, Antonio Zoccoli, Marco Bruschi, S. De Castro, Mauro Villa, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, Maurizio Piccinini, C. Moroni, D. Galli, I. Massa, M. Morganti, Saverio Affatato, V. M. Bystritsky, A. Vitale, and G. Zavattini

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Coincidence, Neutron spectroscopy
Abstract

We present the results of recent background measurements in the Gran Sasso Laboratory. The measurements were performed by a coincidence neutron spectrometer, allowing neutron identification by means of two different stages of pulse-amplitude analysis.

Published
1991

24. A hyperspectral fluorescence imaging system for biological applications

Author

Desmond J. Smith, Richard M. Leahy, G. Zavattini, Simon R. Cherry, and S. Vecchi

Subjects
Chemical imaging, medicine.medical_specialty, Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, Materials science, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Imaging spectrometer, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging phantom, Spectral imaging, Optics, medicine, Optical tomography, Molecular imaging, business
Abstract

We are developing a hyperspectral imaging system aimed at imaging fluorescent molecules in two different contexts: In vivo 3-D molecular imaging of mice and multi-fluorophore imaging of 2-D tissue samples. The main concept is to add high resolution spectral information to the intensity data to improve imaging capabilities. The system is based on an imaging spectrograph, ImSpector, coupled to a CCD camera. The system has been characterized and calibrated. Spectral imaging of tissue samples stained with fluorescent dyes has been performed to validate the principle and the 2-D imaging capabilities. Near infrared 3-D in vivo fluorescence tomography is based on the intensity and spatial distribution of the fluorescent light reaching the surface of the animal as a function of the localized external excitation position. Based on the fact that the absorption coefficient of tissue is wavelength dependent, the measured spectrum of the fluorescent light will provide additional information, thus allowing an improvement of the 3-D reconstruction. By using solely spectral data we have demonstrated the capability of determining the 3-D position of a localized source within a red meat phantom.

Published
2003

25. A dedicated system for breast cancer study with combined SPECT-CT modalities

Author

Del Guerra, G. Di Domenico, A. Fantini, M. Gambaccini, L. Milano, N. Sabba, A. Taibi, A. Tartari, A. Tuffanelli, G. Zavattini, R. Pani, R. Pellegrini, A. Soluri, M. N. Cinti, A. Bevilacqua, D. Bollini, M. Gombia, N. Lanconelli, F. Arfelli, R. Longo, A. Olivo, S. Pani, P. Poropat, L. Rigon, Del Guerra A., Di Domenico G., Fantini A., Gambaccini M., Milano L., Sabba N., Taibi A., Tartari A., Tuffanelli A., Zavattini G., Pani R., Pellegrini R., Soluri A., Cinti M.N., Bevilacqua A., Bollini D., Gombia M., Lanconelli N., Arfelli F., Longo R., Olivo A., Pani S., Poropat P., Rigon L., DEL GUERRA, A, DI DOMENICO, G, Fantini, A, Gambaccin, M, Milano, L, Sabba, N, Taibi, A, Tartari, A, Tuffanelli, A, Zavattini, G, Pani, R, Pellegrini, R, Soluri, A, CINTI M., N, Bevilacqua, A, Bollini, D, Gombia, M, Lanconelli, N, Arfelli, Fulvia, Longo, Renata, Oliv, A, Pani, S, Poropat, P, and Rigon, Luigi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, medicine.medical_specialty, Image fusion, Photomultiplier, Scintimammography, business.industry, Scintillator, Imaging phantom, Photodiode, law.invention, Breast cancer, law, Region of interest, medicine, Computed tomography, Medical physics, Tomography, Nuclear medicine, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A prototype of a combined CT-SPECT tomograph for breast cancer study has been developed and evaluated. It allows to perform scintimammography and X-ray CT in the same geometrical conditions. The CT system is based on a quasi-monochromatic beam tuned at 28 keV and an array of ultra fast ceramic scintillators coupled to photodiodes whilst the SPECT system is based on two scintillator matrices coupled to position sensitive photomultipliers. CT and SPECT sinograms of a test phantom were recorded and reconstruted with both modalities. Image fusion of CT and SPECT images was then performed. The developed CT-SPECT prototype is able to detect a region of interest of 1 cm3, with a 10:1 tumour/background concentration ratio, within an object having a diameter of 8 cm. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2003

26. Protonium annihilation in P-wave using low-density (ϱ/ϱ∼10−3) hydrogen targets. Measurements of cascade times and widths

Author

G. L. Usai, I. Massa, S. Marcello, N. Semprini Cesari, L. Santi, F. D'Isep, I.V. Falomkin, Bruno Minetti, A. Zenomi, Paolo Montagna, A. Maggiora, C. Guaraldo, G. Bonazzola, Felice Iazzi, Antonio Zoccoli, A. Grasso, V. Lucherini, Michelangelo Agnello, M. Morando, P.P. Temnikov, L. Fava, M. Lombardi, A.M. Rozhdestvensky, G. Piragino, Gianfranco Zosi, S. De Castro, Corrado Cicalo, M. Corradini, P. Gianotti, A. Adamo, G. Pauli, M.G. Sapozhnikov, S. Serci, G. V. Margagliotti, Marco Bruschi, F. Nichitiu, L. Busso, Alberto Masoni, L. Venturelli, D. Galli, G. Bendiscioli, Armando Lanaro, V.I. Tretyak, R. A. Ricci, M.P. Bussa, D. Panzieri, E. Lodi Rizzini, M. Capponi, Tullio Bressani, G. Maron, S. Costa, G. Puddu, M. Piccinini, U. Gastaldi, F. Tosello, M. Poli, G. Vedovato, S. Tessaro, E. Rossetto, G.B. Pontecorvo, I. D'Antone, D. Calvo, Mauro Villa, L. Ferrero, A. Bertin, R. Garfagnini, Alberto Rotondi, A. Feliciello, P. Boccaccio, U. Marconi, V. Filippini, A. Vitale, G. Zavattini, F. Balestra, Paola Salvini, L. Vannucci, G. Belli, A., Adamo, M., Agnello, F., Balestra, G., Belli, G., Bendiscioli, A., Bertin, P., Boccaccio, G. C., Bonazzola, T., Bressani, M., Bruschi, M. P., Bussa, L., Busso, D., Calvo, M., Capponi, C., Cicaló, M., Corradini, S., Costa, I., D'Antone, S., De Castro, F., D'Isep, I. V., Falomkin, L., Fava, A., Feliciello, L., Ferrero, V., Filippini, D., Galli, R., Garfagnini, U., Gastaldi, P., Gianotti, A., Grasso, C., Guaraldo, F., Iazzi, A., Lanaro, E., Lodi Rizzini, M., Lombardi, V., Lucherini, A., Maggiora, S., Marcello, U., Marconi, Margagliotti, Giacomo, G., Maron, A., Masoni, I., Massa, B., Minetti, M., Morando, P., Montagna, F., Nichitiu, D., Panzieri, G., Pauli, M., Piccinini, G., Piragino, M., Poli, G. B., Pontecorvo, G., Puddu, R. A., Ricci, E., Rossetto, A., Rotondi, A. M., Rozhdestvensky, P., Salvini, L., Santi, M. G., Sapozhnikov, N., Semprini Cesari, S., Serci, P., Temnikov, S., Tessaro, F., Tosello, V. I., Tretyak, G. L., Usai, L., Vannucci, G., Vedovato, L., Venturelli, M., Villa, A., Vitale, G., Zavattini, A., Zenomi, A., Zoccoli, and G., Zosi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Angular momentum, Annihilation, Hydrogen, P wave, chemistry.chemical_element, ANTIPROTONIC-HYDROGEN, chemistry, Cascade, Protonium, Atom, PBARP ANNIHILATION, Low density, Atomic physics
Abstract

The use of low-density hydrogen targets is demonstrated experimentally to be a new way of selecting protonium ( p p atom) annihilations with initial angular momentum L = 1. The mean value and the width of the time distributions which occur between protonium formation and annihilation have been measured at room temperature at 8.2, 4.1, 2.1 mbar. They are (110±10; 45±5), (145±15; 82±9) and (210±25;125±9) ns, respectively.

Published
1992

27. Meson spectroscopy with antineutrons

Author

Paola Salvini, L. Ferrero, Alberto Rotondi, S. De Castro, P. Gianotti, Maurizio Piccinini, Bruno Minetti, A. Adamo, D. Galli, M. Morando, G. Bonazzola, D. Panzieri, P. Boccaccio, Marco Bruschi, Mp Bussa, A.M. Rozhdestvensky, G. Puddu, A. Feliciello, L. Busso, M. Poli, G. Vedovato, Antonio Zoccoli, D. Calvo, R. A. Ricci, E. Lodi Rizzini, E. Rossetto, V.I. Tretyak, Sergio Serci, Michelangelo Agnello, U. Marconi, L. Fava, Armando Lanaro, M. Capponi, A. Bertin, G. Maron, G. V. Margagliotti, L. Vannucci, U. Gastaldi, F. Balestra, M. Corradini, M.G. Sapozhnikov, M. Lombardi, P.P. Temnikov, Gianfranco Zosi, A. Grasso, C. Guaraldo, F. Nichitiu, A. Zenoni, G. Piragino, V. Lucherini, N. Semprini Cesari, L. Santi, L. Venturelli, T. Bressani, F. Tosello, I. Massa, S. Marcello, F. D'Isep, A. Masoni, G. Bendiscioli, G. Pauli, S. Costa, R. Garfagnini, Felice Iazzi, V. Filippini, S. Tessaro, G. Belli, G. Zavattini, A. Vitale, A. Maggiora, A., Adamo, M., Agnello, F., Balestra, G., Belli, G., Bendiscioli, A., Bertin, P., Boccaccio, G. C., Bonazzola, T., Bressani, M., Bruschi, M. P., Bussa, L., Busso, D., Calvo, M., Capponi, M., Corradini, S., Costa, S., De Castro, F., D'Isep, L., Fava, A., Feliciello, L., Ferrero, V., Filippini, D., Galli, R., Garfagnini, U., Gastaldi, P., Gianotti, A., Grasso, C., Guaraldo, F., Iazzi, A., Lanaro, E., Lodi Rizzini, M., Lombardi, V., Lucherini, A., Maggiora, S., Marcello, U., Marconi, Margagliotti, Giacomo, G., Maron, A., Masoni, I., Massa, B., Minetti, M., Morando, F., Nichitiu, D., Panzieri, G., Pauli, M., Piccinini, G., Piragino, M., Poli, G., Puddu, R. A., Ricci, E., Rossetto, A., Rotondi, A. M., Rozhdestvensky, P., Salvini, L., Santi, M. G., Sapozhnikov, N., Semprini Cesari, S., Serci, P., Temnikov, S., Tessaro, F., Tosello, V. I., Tretyak, L., Vannucci, G., Vedovato, L., Venturelli, A., Vitale, G., Zavattini, A., Zenoni, A., Zoccoli, and G., Zosi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Annihilation, Hydrogen, Meson, ANNIHILATIONS, chemistry.chemical_element, Elementary particle, Antineutron, meson spectroscopy, antineutron proton annhilation, Nuclear physics, Momentum, chemistry, Invariant mass, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract

First results on meson spectroscopy using antineutrons as projectiles are reported. Three-body (π + π + π − ) and five-body (π + π + π + π − π − ) final states following the annihilation of 100 to 290 MeV/ c antineutrons on hydrogen were analyzed. The (π + π − ) invariant mass spectrum in the three-body reaction is accounted for by the ϱ 0 anf f 2 (1270) resonances, together with an enhancement around 1540 MeV, in the region of the AX (1565) and the f 2 (1515) resonances, whereas the best fit for the (π + π + π − π − ) invariant mass in five-body events shows the already reported structure ζ(1480) and suggests the presence of a second structure around 1650 MeV.

Published
1992

28. Couple psychoanalytic psychotherapy: on unconscious joint

Author

G. Zavattini and A. Santona

Subjects
Subjectivity, Unconscious mind, Psychoanalysis, Self, Collusion, Object relations theory, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Psychology (miscellaneous), Psychoanalytic theory, Psychology, Experiential learning, Reciprocal, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Many theorists pointed out that the concept of reciprocity could be seen as an important element of comparison between the paradigm of attachment, the infant research and the object relation theory. These studies shed light on how behaviour and psychological phenomena are not the outcome of isolated intra-psychical processes, but originate in the interface between individual experiential words mutually interacting. Such a process implies the reciprocal involvement of two minds, where the subjectivity of an individual grows and is moulded being ‘mirrored’in the other's eyes. We could consider the relation within the couple as an opportunity for the redefinition and restructuring of the identity of the Self, in other words, the relation of the couple can be a “developmental chance” for revisioning the Internal Working Models or can negatively contribute to perpetuate the phenomena of discontinuity and dissociation of the self, and the need to ‘externalize’what had not been elaborated by individuals. We are referring to what could be called an unconscious joint or “shared internal worlds” that cannot be taken back to the simple sum of the two partners individual characteristics and that has to be conceptualised more in terms of unconscious complementarity or in those of collusion.

Published
2008

29. A Fabry--Pérot cavity for Compton polarimetry

Author

T. Pussieux, S. Platchkov, P. Girardot, G. Zavattini, N. Falletto, B. Frois, Ch. Cavata, M. Authier, N. Colombel, Ph. Mangeot, J. Martino, D. Neyret, J.C. Sellier, J.P. Jorda, J. Jardillier, P. Deck, E. Burtin, A. Delbart, Ph. Rebourgeard, and C. Veyssiere

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Fabry-Perot, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Compton scattering, Physics::Optics, Polarimeter, Optics, Compton polarimetry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Photon beam, business, Instrumentation, Fabry–Pérot interferometer
Abstract

A new kind of Compton polarimeter using a resonant Fabry—Pe« rot cavity as a power buildup for the photon beam is proposed. A prototype of such a cavity is described, along with the results obtained in terms of source to be used in a Compton scattering polarimeter. ( 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1998

31. [Tiaprofenic acid: levels in plasma and upper airway tissues]

Author

E, Mira, M, Benazzo, P, Galioto, A, Crema, L, D'Angelo, and G, Zavattini

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Palatine Tonsil, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Propionates, Turbinates, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Tonsillectomy
Abstract

Inflammatory processes of the upper airways can be successfully improved by using non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or in association with antibiotics. Recent clinical reports suggest that tiaprofenic acid (TA) is particularly suited for this purpose. This fact can be explained on the basis of the drug's pharmacokinetics and by the high concentration TA can achieve in the respiratory tract mucous membranes. In order to confirm this hypothesis TA levels were studied in the plasma as well as in tonsillar and turbinal tissue. Patients admitted for tonsillectomy or turbinectomy were given two tablets (600 mg) of TA from one and a half to five hours before surgery. In all cases blood and tissue samples were taken at the same time during surgery and drug levels determined by HPLC. Plasma levels ranged from 12 to 26 to 32.2 microgram/ml; tissue levels ranged from 3.9 to 5.4 to 4.9 micrograms/g, respectively, depending on time of administration. There was no significant difference between tonsillar and turbinal tissue. These results suggest a good penetration of nasal and airway mucosa by TA and are in agreement with the clinical data on the efficacy of TA in dealing with upper airway inflammatory conditions.

Published
1990

32. Ambroxol in the Treatment of Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Author

A. Marini, S. Daniotti, V. Console, G. Gios, F. Schioppa, G. Chirico, M. Maccabruni, A. Arosio, G. Tomasini, M. Franzetti, G. Rondini, M. Pelti, G. Zavattini, A. Giancola, U. Flauto, and L. Magni

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Ambroxol, Therapeutic effect, Surfactant system, Placebo, Multicenter study, Anesthesia, medicine, education, business, Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, medicine.drug
Abstract

In a double-blind multicenter study versus placebo, the therapeutic effects of ambroxol (10 mg/kg, i.v. twice daily for 7 days) were studied in an appropriately selected population with severe respira

Published
1987

33. Metabolism of pinazepam by rat liver microsomes

Author

Luisa Airoldi, G. Zavattini, Emilio Mussini, and Franca Marcucci

Subjects
Male, Chromatography, Gas, Clinical chemistry, Pinazepam, Nordazepam, In Vitro Techniques, Pharmacology, Biology, Hydroxylation, Mass Spectrometry, Benzodiazepines, Rat liver microsomes, medicine, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Liver microsomes, Benzodiazepinones, Rats, Inbred Strains, Metabolism, In vitro, Rats, Metabolic pathway, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Biochemistry, Dealkylation, Microsomes, Liver, Diazepam, medicine.drug
Abstract

The pathways by which pinazepam and diazepam are metabolized by rat microsomes in vitro were studied in detail. Using a gas chromatographic technique to measure either the two parent compounds or their metabolites, it was demonstrated that pinazepam and diazepam were metabolized through the same pathways, but at different rates. Pinazepam was mainly N-dealkylated, while the C3-hydroxylation was a minor metabolic pathway. Diazepam was mostly C3-hydroxylated, with very little being N-demethylated. The different rats for the two metabolic pathways could be of importance in differentiating the action of the two drugs in vivo.

Published
1981

34. Prevention of Chronic Bronchitis Exacerbations with Ambroxol (Mucosolvan Retard)

Author

M. Benevento, Edwin H. Beachey, L. Spialtini, Peter Cole, Ernesto Pozzi, Antonella Roveri, R. Bruni, Giuseppe Cetta, Matilde Maiorino, Nunzio Crimi, Aldo Baritussio, Pasquale Chitano, Carlo Vancheri, A. Bisetti, Cristina E. Mapp, Donald Coonrod, R. Oliveri, P.C. Curti, M. Donnini, Leonardo M. Fabbri, Harry S. Courtney, Mario Salmona, Bengt Andersson, Fulvio Ursini, Piero Maestrelli, Filippo Palermo, F. Gibellino, M.T. Lopez-Vidriero, Mariagrazia Coassin, Maurizio Luisetti, Tim Higenbottam, Luigi Allegra, A. Di Stefano, Antonio Mistretta, S. Finotto, G. Vigneri, C. Svanborg-Edén, P. Coccia, M. Genghini, Antonella Rossi, and G. Zavattini

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic bronchitis, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, fungi, Antibiotics, Ambroxol, food and beverages, Vaccination, Internal medicine, medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Different therapies can be applied for the prevention of chronic bronchitis exacerbations: vaccinations, antibiotics, immunomodulating and mucoregulating drugs. Among the latter, ambroxol was tested i

Published
1989

35. Multicenter Study on the Treatment of Secretory Otitis Media with Ambroxol

Author

G Zavattini and D Passàli

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Eustachian tube, business.industry, Bromhexine, Ambroxol, Placebo, Gastroenterology, Surgery, Regimen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otitis, Drug tolerance, Internal medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Middle ear, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Animal studies showed the presence of a surfactant substance in the Eustachian tube. On the premise that alteration of surfactant-like substance might cause pathology of the middle ear in man, a multicenter (24 ENT hospitals) double-blind trial versus placebo was carried out in 435 adults and children with secretory otitis media. Treatment was ambroxol, a drug that changes the bronchial secretions and promotes surfactant synthesis. The dosage regimen was as follows: adults--one 30-mg tablet of ambroxol 3 times/day; children--9 mg of ambroxol syrup, 4 times daily. The treatment lasted 15 days. The clinical signs and symptoms (hypoacusis, conduction deafness) and the otoscopic and rhinoscopic findings of treated patients improved. The differences in these parameters between patients given ambroxol and the controls were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The symptomatological amelioration was supported by improvement in tympanometric findings and hearing threshold. Drug tolerance was excellent.

Published
1987

36. Contents, Vol. 51, Supplement 1, 1987

Author

M. Pelti, J. Juhasz, O. Orlandi, C. Serra, S. Penitenti, L. Casali, Bernd G. Disse, G. Schimid, V. Grassi, G. Gios, C.H. Ericsson, A. Arosio, Robert J. Mason, U. Flauto, B. Mossberg, G. Ferrara, M. Salmona, N. Crimi, G. Zavattini, S.B. Sulavik, M. Scelsi, V. Console, E. Pozzi, S. Daniotti, A. Giacopelli, R. Chianese, J. Germouty, E. Catena, C. Donner, A. Mistretta, G. Rondini, J.L. Jirou-Najou, R.S. Thrall, G. Chirico, M. Luisetti, L. Spialtini, A. Giancola, A. Patessio, D. Passàli, L. Magni, R. Cabiddu, S. Bruna, G. Bonsignore, C. Tantucci, M. Franzetti, F. Schioppa, C.M. Sanguinetti, M. Maccabruni, C.F. Marchioni, Harald W. Ziegler, C. Grassi, M. Del Donno, S. Marcatili, N. Carnimeo, M. Lucchesi, P. Masturzo, D. Olivieri, A. Marini, E. Jönsson, V. Massei, G. Tomasini, and M. Genghini

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Traditional medicine, business.industry, Physiology, Medicine, business
Published
1987

37. Lung Defensive System: Damages and Treatment

Author

Aldo Baritussio, Antonella Rossi, F. Gibellino, Bengt Andersson, R. Bruni, Harry S. Courtney, Pasquale Chitano, Edwin H. Beachey, C. Svanborg-Edén, Maurizio Luisetti, Nunzio Crimi, Peter J. Cole, Filippo Palermo, Antonella Roveri, P. Coccia, Ernesto Pozzi, P.C. Curti, R. Oliveri, A. Di Stefano, Cristina E. Mapp, Giuseppe Cetta, Antonio Mistretta, M.T. Lopez-Vidriero, Matilde Maiorino, Donald Coonrod, Mariagrazia Coassin, Carlo Vancheri, A. Bisetti, Leonardo M. Fabbri, M. Donnini, Mario Salmona, G. Vigneri, Fulvio Ursini, L. Spialtini, S. Finotto, M. Benevento, Piero Maestrelli, Tim Higenbottam, M. Genghini, Luigi Allegra, and G. Zavattini

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, medicine, Damages, Physiology, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
1989

38. Contents, Vol. 55, Supplement 1, 1989

Author

Leonardo M. Fabbri, Antonella Roveri, Peter Cole, Fulvio Ursini, Ernesto Pozzi, Carlo Vancheri, R. Bruni, M.T. Lopez-Vidriero, Edwin H. Beachey, C. Svanborg-Edén, Mariagrazia Coassin, Cristina E. Mapp, A. Bisetti, S. Finotto, Donald Coonrod, Antonella Rossi, Nunzio Crimi, F. Gibellino, M. Donnini, M. Genghini, A. Di Stefano, P. Coccia, Tim Higenbottam, Pasquale Chitano, Mario Salmona, G. Vigneri, Antonio Mistretta, Bengt Andersson, M. Benevento, Maurizio Luisetti, Aldo Baritussio, G. Zavattini, Piero Maestrelli, Luigi Allegra, P.C. Curti, Matilde Maiorino, L. Spialtini, R. Oliveri, Giuseppe Cetta, Harry S. Courtney, and Filippo Palermo

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Traditional medicine, business.industry, Medicine, Physiology, business
Published
1989

40. ON THE POSSIBILITY TO DETECT A VECTOR TERM IN THE GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL THROUGH THE VACUUM POLARIZATION IN ATOMS

Author

F. Scuri and G. Zavattini

Subjects
Physics, Physics::General Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gravitational coupling constant, Gravitational acceleration, Potential energy, Gravitational energy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitational potential, Gravitational field, Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum mechanics, Gravitational binding energy, Gravitational redshift
Abstract

The contribution to the atomic gravitational mass due to the rest mass of the e + e − pairs created by the nuclear field is discussed in the case of a material independent vector contribution to the generalized gravitational field. The relative difference in the gravitational acceleration for two different elements due to gravitational effects in the vacuum polarization mechanism is evaluated on the earth's surface and compared with the expected sensitivities of some recently proposed gravitational experiments.

Published
1989

43. Ambroxol inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone in dogs

Author

Cristina E. Mapp, A. Di Stefano, Leonardo M. Fabbri, Piero Maestrelli, Pasquale Chitano, L. Allegra, S. Finotto, and G. Zavattini

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Neutrophils, medicine.medical_treatment, Ambroxol, Inflammation, Arachidonic Acids, Pharmacology, airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchoalveolar lavage, chemistry.chemical_compound, Airway resistance, Dogs, Ozone, medicine, Animals, Saline, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Airway Resistance, respiratory system, Neutrophilia, Acetylcholine, respiratory tract diseases, Bromhexine, Bronchoalveolar lavage, chemistry, Anesthesia, Arachidonic acid, medicine.symptom, business, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, medicine.drug
Abstract

To follow up previous observations that airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone is linked to airway inflammation and particularly to the release of arachidonic acid metabolites, we investigated the effect of ambroxol (a mucoactive and surfactant-stimulating drug that has recently been discovered to inhibit the release of arachidonic acid from cell membrane phospholipids) on airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchoalveolar neutrophilia induced by ozone in dogs. One group of 5 dogs was studied before treatment with nebulized saline and then after exposure to ozone (3 ppm, 1 h); another group of 6 dogs was studied before treatment with ambroxol (100 breaths of a 1% solution) and after exposure to ozone. On each occasion, we measured airway responsiveness to acetylcholine and counted the number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. When the dogs were given the saline placebo, ozone induced a marked increase in airway responsiveness to acetylcholine and a marked influx of neutrophils in the airways. When the dogs were given ambroxol, ozone induced the same increase in the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage, but did not increase the degree of airway responsiveness to acetylcholine. We conclude that ambroxol inhibits ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs, probably by inhibiting the formation and release of oxygenation products of arachidonic acid from neutrophils.

Published
1989

45. Ambroxol for the prevention of chronic bronchitis exacerbations: long-term multicenter trial. Protective effect of ambroxol against winter semester exacerbations: a double-blind study versus placebo

Author

D, Olivieri, G, Zavattini, G, Tomasini, S, Daniotti, G, Bonsignore, G, Ferrara, N, Carnimeo, R, Chianese, E, Catena, and S, Marcatili

Subjects
Adult, Male, Clinical Trials as Topic, Vital Capacity, Sputum, Bacterial Infections, Middle Aged, Ambroxol, Bromhexine, Random Allocation, Double-Blind Method, Forced Expiratory Volume, Chronic Disease, Humans, Female, Seasons, Bronchitis
Abstract

In a 6-month, double-blind multicenter trial conducted over the winter, the effects of daily administration of ambroxol retard (75 mg) were compared with those of placebo in preventing exacerbations and improving symptoms and clinical signs in chronic bronchitis patients. The trial was completed by 110 patients in the ambroxol group and by 104 in the placebo group. Initially, there were no significant differences between the groups. By the end of the 2nd month of treatment, 67.2% of the ambroxol group had had no exacerbations compared to 50.4% in the placebo group. At the end of the 6-month trial, 45.5% of the treatment group had had no exacerbations, compared to only 14.4% of the control group. These differences were statistically significant. Patients in the treatment group lost significantly fewer days through illness (442) and had fewer days when they needed antibiotic therapy (371) compared to the placebo group patients (837 and 781). Ambroxol also produced statistically significant symptomatic improvement, measured as difficulty in expectoration, coughing, presence of dyspnea and the auscultatory signs as compared to controls. Since ambroxol was well tolerated and compliance was good, it appears like a drug of choice for pharmacological prophylaxis of chronic bronchitis.

Published
1987

47. Cord blood prolactin and thyroid hormone levels after antenatal administration of betamethasone or ambroxol for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Author

M, Luerti, D, Spagnolo, G, Zavattini, C, Bianchi, A G, Barbera, and E, Corbella

Subjects
Ambroxol, Bromhexine, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, Thyroxine, Pregnancy, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Triiodothyronine, Female, Gestational Age, Fetal Blood, Betamethasone, Prolactin
Abstract

Several studies showed that ambroxol is efficacious in enhancing fetal lung maturation, provided large doses are given. We investigated cord blood levels of PRL and thyroid hormones in 31 infants born after antenatal administration of betamethasone, in 31 infants born to mothers treated with ambroxol for prevention of RDS and in 27 infants whose mothers had not received any drug enhancing fetal lung maturity. The only significant difference (p less than 0.05) between the groups was noted in T3 mean levels that were higher in the ambroxol group than in the betamethasone group between the 33th to 36th week of gestation. Hormone levels did not appear significantly different in infants who developed RDS rather than in infants who did not.

Published
1984

48. Possibility of interaction among antibiotics and mucolytics in children

Author

N, Principi, G, Zavattini, and S, Daniotti

Subjects
Ambroxol, Bromhexine, Random Allocation, Double-Blind Method, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Drug Therapy, Combination, Pneumonia, Child, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

A controlled clinical trial in children with acute infections of the lower respiratory tract was carried out to see whether or not treatment with ambroxol could bring about faster and better results. One hundred twenty children with acute lower respiratory tract infections were all given antibiotics plus, at random, either ambroxol (1.5-2.0 mg/kg body weight orally) or a placebo. The duration of the trial was ten days. All the patients in both groups were cured clinically. However, remission of the cough, of the chest pathological signs, as well as the improvement of the lung radiographical pictures were significantly more rapid in children treated with ambroxol than in those who received the antibiotic alone. Ambroxol was tolerated perfectly by all the children.

Published
1986

49. Multicenter study on the treatment of secretory otitis media with ambroxol. Importance of a surface-tension-lowering substance

Author

D, Passàli and G, Zavattini

Subjects
Adult, Male, Ambroxol, Bromhexine, Random Allocation, Tympanic Membrane, Audiometry, Double-Blind Method, Otitis Media with Effusion, Humans, Female, Child, Pulmonary Ventilation
Abstract

Animal studies showed the presence of a surfactant substance in the Eustachian tube. On the premise that alteration of surfactant-like substance might cause pathology of the middle ear in man, a multicenter (24 ENT hospitals) double-blind trial versus placebo was carried out in 435 adults and children with secretory otitis media. Treatment was ambroxol, a drug that changes the bronchial secretions and promotes surfactant synthesis. The dosage regimen was as follows: adults--one 30-mg tablet of ambroxol 3 times/day; children--9 mg of ambroxol syrup, 4 times daily. The treatment lasted 15 days. The clinical signs and symptoms (hypoacusis, conduction deafness) and the otoscopic and rhinoscopic findings of treated patients improved. The differences in these parameters between patients given ambroxol and the controls were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The symptomatological amelioration was supported by improvement in tympanometric findings and hearing threshold. Drug tolerance was excellent.

Published
1987

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