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We study the effect of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) and baryons on the shape of early-type galaxies (ETGs) and their dark matter haloes, comparing them to the predictions of the cold dark matter (CDM) scenario. We use five hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations of haloes hosting ETGs ($M_{\rm vir}\sim 10^{13}M_{\odot}$ and $M_{*}\sim10^{11}M_{\odot}$), simulated in CDM and a SIDM model with constant cross-section of $\sigma_T/m_\chi = 1\ \mathrm{cm}^2 \mathrm{g}^{-1}$. We measure the three-dimensional and projected shapes of the dark matter haloes and their baryonic content using the inertia tensor and compare our measurements to the results of three $HST$ samples of gravitational lenses and $Chandra$ and $XMM-Newton$ X-ray observations. We find that the inclusion of baryons greatly reduces the differences between CDM and a SIDM, together with the ability to draw constraints based on shapes. Lensing measurements reject the predictions of CDM dark-matter-only simulations and prefer one of the hydro scenarios. When we consider the total sample of lenses, observational data prefer the CDM hydro scenario. The shapes of the X-ray emitting gas are compatible with observational results in both hydro runs, with CDM predicting higher elongations only in the very centre. Contrary to previous claims at the scale of elliptical galaxies, we conclude that both CDM and our SIDM model can still explain observed shapes once we include baryons in the simulations. Our results demonstrate that this is essential to derive realistic constraints and that new simulations are needed to confirm and extend our findings., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, revised version accepted for publication in MNRAS

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We present a severe case of progressive autoimmune pneumonitis requiring surgical intervention in a patient with the monogenic syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). APECED is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, which lead to impaired central immune tolerance and autoimmune organ destruction including pneumonitis, an underrecognized, life-threatening complication. When clinicians evaluate patients with pneumonitis, recurrent mucosal candidiasis, and autoimmunity, APECED should be considered in the differential. Additionally, in patients with established APECED, a chest computed tomography is preferred to identify pneumonitis early on and to promptly initiate lymphocyte-directed immunomodulatory treatment, which can prevent irreversible lung destruction.

Glycerol dehydratase activating enzyme (GD-AE) is a radical S-adenosyl- l -methionine (SAM) enzyme that installs a catalytically essential amino acid backbone radical onto glycerol dehydratase in bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Although GD-AE is closely homologous to other radical SAM activases that have been shown to cleave the S-C(5′) bond of SAM to produce 5′-deoxyadenosine (5’-dAdoH) and methionine, GD-AE from Clostridium butyricum has been reported to instead cleave the S-C(γ) bond of SAM to yield 5′-deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine (MTA). Here we re-investigate the SAM cleavage reaction catalyzed by GD-AE and show that it produces the widely observed 5’-dAdoH, and not the less conventional product MTA.

Purpose Radiology-trained nurse practitioners (NPs) may perform image-guided medical renal biopsies with computed tomography (CT). This study evaluates the procedural differences and diagnostic success between biopsies performed by NPs compared to radiologists. Data sources A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent nontargeted, CT-guided renal biopsy between 2009 and 2014. Provider type (NP or radiologist), number of core specimens obtained, sedation medication dose, CT dose index (CTDI), and diagnostic success were recorded. Categorical and continuous variables were analyzed using χ2 and Student's two-tailed t-test, respectively, comparing NPs with radiologists. Conclusions A total of 386 patients were included; radiologists performed 215 biopsies and NPs performed 171 biopsies. There was no significant difference in diagnostic success, amount of tissue harvested (number of cores), radiation dose, or sedation dosage between NPs and radiologists performing CT-guided renal biopsies. Only 4% were nondiagnostic (n = 7, radiologists; n = 9, NPs; p = .325). Overall mean number of cores obtained was 3.7, mean CTDI was 176.5 mGy, mean fentanyl dose was 86.3 μg, and mean midazolam was dose 1.54 mg without a statistically significant difference between provider types. Implications for practice NPs perform image-guided medical renal biopsies in a similar fashion to radiologists with respect to diagnostic success, amount of tissue harvested, total radiation dose exposure, and administration of sedation.

Six discriminant functions, developed from an historic White population, were tested on a contemporary White population for determination of sex from the hyoid. One hundred and thirty four fused and unfused hyoids from a contemporary White population were used. Individuals ranged between 20 and 49 years old. Six historic White discriminant functions were applied to the fused and unfused hyoids of the pooled contemporary White population, i.e. all males and females and all age ranges combined. The overall accuracy rates were between 72.1% and 92.3%. Correct sex determination for contemporary White males ranged between 88.2% and 96.3%, while correct sex determination for contemporary White females ranged between 31.3% and 92.0%. Discriminant functions were created for the contemporary White population with overall mean accuracy rates between 67.0% and 93.0%. The multivariate discriminant function overall accuracy rates were between 89.0% and 93.0% and the univariate discriminant function overall accuracy rates were between 67.0% and 86.8%. The contemporary White population data were compared to other populations and showed significant differences between many of the variables measured. This study illustrated the need for population-specific and temporally-specific discriminant functions for determination of sex from the hyoid bone.

The purpose of this study was to identify opportunities for reducing epinephrine administration errors after a sentinel event entailing an overdose of i.v. epinephrine occurred in a radiology department.A root cause analysis was performed that included review and analysis of current system protocols, a medication audit, and access to treatment algorithms. A proctored three-question multiple-choice test was administered to radiology attending physicians, fellows, residents, and nurses to gauge baseline knowledge of epinephrine use. Chi-square analysis was performed.Twelve of 13 radiology department central pharmacy automation system locations lacked epinephrine ampules. As a result, personnel had to access i.v. epinephrine stocked on hospital code carts designed for use during cardiac arrest. This led to errors related to appropriate dosing. Test participants included 46 attending physicians, 23 fellows, 28 residents, and 25 nurses (n = 122). Almost all (99%) correctly identified epinephrine as the medication to administer in this situation. Approximately one half (52%) correctly identified the dose of intramuscular epinephrine, but only 29% knew the dose and rate of administration of i.v. epinephrine (p0.001). Attending physicians were more likely to administer i.v. epinephrine correctly than were the other groups (p0.0001).Stocking and routine auditing of medication availability are essential. The use of epinephrine intended for cardiac arrest stocked on code carts should be avoided during contrast reactions. It would be optimal if first-line responders to contrast reactions included attending physicians, but this may not always be the case at academic institutions.

Tidal interactions between the embedded planets and their surrounding protoplanetary disks are often postulated to produce the observed complex dust substructures, including rings, gaps, and asymmetries. In this Letter, we explore the consequences of dust coagulation on the dust dynamics and ring morphology. Coagulation of dust grains leads to dust size growth which, under typical disk conditions, produces faster radial drifts, potentially threatening the dust ring formation. Utilizing 2D hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disks which include a full treatment of dust coagulation, we find that if the planet does not open a gap quickly enough, the formation of an inner ring is impeded due to dust coagulation and subsequent radial drift. Furthermore, we find that a "buildup" of sub-mm sized grains often appears in the dust emission at the outer edge of the dust disk., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL on 21 December 2019

In many birds, egg viability declines the longer that eggs remain unincubated (i.e., incubation delay), possibly because of increased levels of microbial infection. Reuse of nests is common in cavity-nesting species and may also increase exposure of eggs to microbes. Starting incubation before the clutch is complete may help protect early-laid eggs from microbial infection. In this study, we tested the effects of nest cleaning, length of incubation delay, and onset of night incubation on growth of microbes on Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) eggshells and examined the effect of microbial infection on hatching success. We used nest boxes that had been cleaned or not cleaned of previous nesting materials and sampled microbes on eggshells during early and mid egg laying and after the start of night incubation. We detected levels of eggshell microbes (101 colony forming units [CFU] egg-1) lower than at more tropical locations (103–4 CFU egg-1). Levels of heterotrophic bacteria were 2.2 times greater in unclea...

Egg viability in birds declines with increasing length of the delay in the start of incubation (i.e., incubation delay) and may be influenced by microbial infection and exposure of eggs to temperatures above physiological zero (>24°C). Onset of incubation during egg laying results in developmental asynchrony of embryos but may help to maintain viability of early-laid eggs. We manipulated incubation delay of Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) eggs and tested for effects of incubation delay and ambient temperature on egg viability and microbial infection. We also examined onset of incubation by egg-laying females. Hatching success declined slowly with increasing length of incubation delay and was very weakly affected by increasing exposure to temperatures >24°C. On average, females began incubation at night 7 days after nest initiation, but egg viability had declined only 8.6% (95% confidence interval: 4.3–15.2) by day 7. Microbial infection of eggshells was not related to length of incubation delay or mean d...

Waterfowl exploit seed resources in agricultural fields to help meet the energy demands associated with migration, thermoregulation, and various life-history activities. Biologists commonly flood agricultural fields to increase the availability of seed for waterfowl and to provide hunting opportunities. Previous studies suggest that flooding may accelerate seed loss; however, simultaneous comparison of seed loss with unflooded fields has not been made. We compared rates of loss between seed contained in wire mesh bags placed in an unflooded agricultural field vs. seed submersed in a flooded field on the Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge from October 2007 to January 2008. Agricultural seed mass declined 40–300% more rapidly in the flooded than in the unflooded field. Corn, soybean, and grain sorghum seed mass declined 42%, 87%, and 46%, respectively, after 12 wk of continuous submersion, which was similar to previous studies that measured seed loss in flooded mesh bags. However, the rate of seed mass loss in unsubmersed mesh bags was 1.3–6.9 times lower than scattered seed lying on the ground under granivore exclosures in a separate experiment. We hypothesize lower rates of seed loss in mesh bags compared to scattered seed may be an artifact of the bags, which are commonly used in seed fate studies. Our results suggest biologists should delay flooding agricultural fields until immediately prior to the arrival of waterfowl and be aware that absolute estimates of seed loss from studies that use mesh bags may be biased negatively.

Procambarus machardyi, a new crayfish of the gracilis group of subgenus Girardiella, is described from an intermittent stream in Caddo Parish, Louisiana. It is similar to P. kensleyi Hobbs, 1990 but differs in having the rostrum distinctly shouldered before acumen and form I male pleopod with lamellate crest of caudal element extending caudally distinctly beyond mesial process in mesial view, longer cephalic process, and central projection widely separated from the crest of the caudal element. It differs from P. curdi Reimer, 1975 in having a more strongly developed caudal knob, a shorter central projection more widely separated from the crest of the caudal element and directed distally, not caudolaterally, and wider areola. Procambarus parasimulans Hobbs & Robison, 1982 has a narrower caudal crest like that of P. kensleyi and P. curdi but has the other terminal elements generally similar to P. machardyi.

Mesa Verde is the historical familial home of the Ancestral Pueblo People. It is a heritage center and leading archeological park that offers visitors an educational experience in a well-kept preserve. The park offers many ancient archeological sites such as the elaborate stone cliff dwelling structures, artifacts, and ceremonial kivas dug deep into the earth. Due to devastating fires over several annual seasons, attendance at Mesa Verde National Park has been disappointing. Capitalizing upon the centennial celebration in 2006, the park's 100th birthday, park officials hope to increase patronage. Historically the park has been partly responsible for bringing several hundred thousand visitors and much of the tourism dollars that flow into the remote southwestern Colorado and four-corners region each year. It is not only responsible for a direct economic impact but also an indirect economic impact found with other area tourist attractions such as hotels, restaurants, and souvenir shops. Thus, lower...

than in 2002 (41%), P= 0.027. ABPM recordings showed significantly fewer undiagnosed hypertensive individuals in 2012 (14%) that in 2002 (28%), P< 0.001. Significantly more hypertensive individuals were optimally treated in 2012, (44%) versus (19%), P < 0.001. Minimum and mean systolic BP were significantly lower in the 2012 cohort, but maximum systolic BP and diastolic BP did not differ. Use of ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics had significantly increased over the 10-year interval. Patient reported rates of falls, dizziness and syncope had not risen significantly. Ischaemic heart disease was significantly less common in the 2012 cohort, P< 0.05. Conclusion: Hypertension in older people is better recognised and more effectively managed now than 10 years ago. This has not been associated with a significant change in rates of falls, dizziness or syncope.

History of Present Illness A 23-year-old woman presented to the allergy/immunology clinic with a previous diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and asthma. The patient reported that she had started immunotherapy (IT) 34 weeks ago, prescribed by her prior allergist, and had been receiving IT at her college health clinic. Following graduation 2 months earlier, she had been giving herself IT injections at home. She denied any reactions and had injectable epinephrine available at home. She was new to our area and was interested in restarting her IT. Her nasal symptoms included congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, itching, and postnasal drip. She also complained of ocular watering, itching, injection, and discharge when around cats or dogs. Chest symptoms included a daily cough and occasional wheezing that she did not notice but others had pointed out to her. She denied any nocturnal symptoms. She had an albuterol metered-dose inhaler available but had not used it in the previous 3 months.

This article reviews recent literature pertaining to Chicanas/os’ utilization of conventional mental health services, their counselor preferences, and the psychological testing and assessment of Chicanas/os. Chicanas/os likely underutilize mental health services, instead preferring family or nontraditional helpers for assistance. However, both Chicanas/os’ level of identification with their indigenous culture as well as their level of acculturation to the majority culture appear to affect their use of services and counselor preferences. Despite longstanding concerns ranging from language barriers to clinician bias in interpreting test results, the literature continues to lack validation studies that specifically support the use of many major psychological tests with Chicanas/os. Unfortunately, these instruments continue to be routinely used clinically to assess Chicana/o clientele, even though the literature cautions that these instruments may generate an inaccurate picture of Chicanas/os’ psychological functioning. Recommendations for counseling practice and future research concerning Chicanas/os are offered.

Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm that is typically of B-cell lineage and characterized by proliferation of malignant cells within small arterioles, capillaries, and venules. We report a patient with pulmonary IVL who presented clinically with progressive dyspnea, fever, and a dry cough. Pulmonary function tests revealed a marked decrease in diffusion capacity with airflow obstruction and severe air trapping. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the chest with inspiratory and expiratory images revealed mosaic attenuation consistent with air trapping. Transbronchial biopsies revealed the diagnosis of IVL with capillary expansion in the alveolar and peribronchiolar interstitial tissue. IVL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with an interstitial lung disease, air trapping on pulmonary function tests, and mosaic attenuation on HRCT. Transbronchial biopsies may be the initial diagnostic procedure of choice.

This study presents the frequency and correlates of traumatic injury during sexual assaults for male and female victims. Sexual assaults (6,877 total, 6,213 among females, 664 among males) were reported in South Carolina from October 1991 to September 1994 through the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Incident Based Reporting System. Sexual assaults were defined to include vaginal rape, sodomy, and sexual assaults with objects. Among sexually assaulted females, 28.5% had traumatic physical injuries compared with 18.4% of similarly assaulted males. Risk factors for nongenital traumatic injury during sexual assault included: increasing number of assailants (females only), being sodomized (females only), weapon use by assailant, being kidnapped (females only), being assaulted by intimates or strangers (females only), African American race (males only), and use of alcohol or other drugs. Avoiding environments in which drugs and alcohol are abused may reduce one's risk of traumatic physical injury during sexual assaults.

My aim was to study the experiences and priorities of two age groups of social work students practicing in client-centered social work. This article is based on the research on rationality and language games in social work. The target groups of the research project as a whole were the actors: the heads and social workers or activists in public social welfare and health care agencies and institutions and in voluntary associations and action groups, and finally, two subsequent classes of students from a school of social work, during their practicing periods. This article concentrates on the trainees. At first, the trainees wrote essays and kept diaries. Secondly, they marked their standings on graphs visualizing different types of information contents and social relation structures. Thirdly, they made their choices of reasons for and solutions to social problems on a problem wheel. The trainees' study, using different data gathering techniques, partly confirms the results of the research of the other actor groups, in which the data were derived using questionnaires and interviews. The trainees' study shows variation in the respondents' priorities within and between specified social problem categories. Qualitatively analyzed, however, the characterizations of social work, both those who currently act in and those aiming to enter this field, resemble one another.

This article is based on my study of rationality and language games in social work. The study focuses on the actors of social welfare and health care. Included are the heads and social workers of public welfare and health care agencies and institutions, officials of voluntary organizations, and activists in social change-oriented action groups. The objects of this study also differ with respect of their official status, area of responsibility, and position at work. The study tries to increase the understanding of the basic rationalities which are guiding social work as part of the daily routines, and of how the actors articulate and legitimate themselves, one another and the others, i.e. clients etc. The empirical data were collected using questionnaries. The study shows that organizational affiliation and area of concern do not bring about a systematic variation in the views of the respondents. The results then indicate the existence of a specific culture, a code of social work. The actors legitimate themselves according to system rationality. The system is considered to be outside the immediate scene of social work practice, which is articulated according to life-world premises. In client-centered social work, the external controlling and administrating system rationality threatens life-world aspects by neglecting social work as a process based on involvement, dialogue and change.

This study examines the effect of preparing teeth with six varying convergence angles (ranging between 12 and 120 degrees) and height (1 and 2 mm) on the retention of cast gold crowns. Six groups of 4 human premolar teeth were prepared to give a flat occlusal surface in dentine with very short axial wall heights (1 or 2 mm) and variation in axial wall convergence (between 12 and 120 degrees). Impressions were recorded of the prepared teeth and custom castings made using a high copper content precious metal alloy. The castings were luted with an adhesive resin and stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours prior to determining the pull-off force in an Instron Universal testing Machine at a cross head speed of 1mm min(-1). Twenty two of the twenty four tested specimens failed within the dentine of the tooth, irrespective of preparation orientation. Statistical testing using ANOVA demonstrated that there were no differences between the bond strength values for any of the preparation convergence angles or between preparations with 1 and 2 mm axial wall heights. This suggests that attachment strength of adhesively bonded castings with minimal axial wall height preparations is not influenced by the convergence angle of the preparation. The attachment strength exceeded that cohesive strength of the underlying dentine in nearly all of the adhesively luted restorations.

Indentations of micron size into the (100), (110) and (111) surfaces of Mo and W single crystals have been studied using the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Results on geometrical parameters of indents are presented and discussed in connection with the mechanism of plastic flow and the indentation size effect.

This paper describes the dental care provided at an English hospice. Dental care is felt to be important because the ability to enjoy food is an important element in the quality of life. Over a three-year period, 67 patients were referred for dental advice of whom all but four were edentulous. The commonest complaint was of ill-fitting dentures, and the causes and possible solutions to this problem are reviewed.

The Microstructural Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory is actively involved in a considerable number of research projects which cover a broad range of materials science. In this paper, we describe briefly several such projects, with particular emphasis given to the application of parallel-detection electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) on a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to the analysis of materials such as stainless steels, catalysts, and high temperature superconductors. In addition, we describe a number of related projects that are currently being carried out in the group, particularly those which utilise and develop novel STEM imaging and analytical techniques. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.