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比较肝细胞癌与胆结石胆汁的两组双向电泳凝胶图，对表达差异超过2倍的32个凝胶点进行质谱鉴定，共14种差异蛋白质，其中硫氧还原蛋白过氧化物酶2与肝细胞癌密切相关，但还需进一步研究。.

Objective To study the protein expression of cluster of differentiation 63 （CD63） in lung tissues of guinea pigs that died of anaphylactic shock and discuss the diagnostic value of CD63 for death from anaphylactic shock. Methods Twenty guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group, anaphylactic shock immediate death group, cold storage group （4 ℃ for 48 h） and frozen group （-20 ℃ for 7 d）. The animal model of guinea pigs that died of anaphylactic shock was established with human mixed serum injection. The expression changes of CD63 protein and CD63 mRNA in lung tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and real-time RT-PCR. Results HE staining results showed congestion, and edema of lung tissues, and eosinophil infiltration in the anaphylactic shock groups. Western blotting analysis results showed that the expression of CD63 protein in the lung tissues of guinea pigs that died of anaphylactic shock was significantly higher than that in the control group （过敏性休克死亡豚鼠肺组织中CD63的表达.目的 研究过敏性休克死亡豚鼠肺组织中分化抗原簇63（cluster of differentiation 63，CD63）的蛋白表达，探讨CD63对过敏性休克死亡的诊断价值。 方法 20只豚鼠随机分为对照组，过敏性休克死亡即刻组、冷藏组（4 ℃贮藏48 h）、冷冻组（-20 ℃贮藏7 d）。采用人混合血清注射建立过敏性休克死亡豚鼠动物模型。应用苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin，HE）染色、免疫组织化学染色、Western印迹法、酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）和real-time RT-PCR检测肺组织中CD63蛋白及CD63 mRNA的表达变化。 结果 HE染色结果显示，各过敏性休克组肺组织淤血、水肿，嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。Western印迹法检测结果显示，过敏性休克豚鼠肺组织中CD63蛋白表达高于对照组（法医病理学；过敏反应；休克；肺；分化抗原簇63；豚鼠.

Angiogenesis is a key event in the progression of gliomas, and emerging evidence suggests that exosomes are signaling extracellular organelles that modulate the tumor microenvironment and promote angiogenesis and tumor progression. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which glioma-derived exosomes affect angiogenesis.qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression level of linc-POU3F3 in glioma tissue as well as glioma cell lines. Ultrafiltration combined with a purification method was used to isolate exosomes derived from A172 cells (A172-Exo) and linc-POU3F3 shRNA-treated A172 cells (shA172-Exo). Transmission electron microscopy, Western blot and tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) were used to identify exosomes. In vitro migration, proliferation, and tube formation experiments, as well as in vivo CAM assays, were used to analyze the pro-angiogenesis ability of exosomes. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to identify expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) after being cultured with exosomes.The levels of linc-POU3F3 were upregulated in glioma tissue and significantly correlated with the advanced tumor stage. A172 cells exhibited the highest expression level. A172-Exo was similar to shA172-Exo (50-100 nm in diameter) and expressed Alix, Tsg101 and CD9, while the expression level of linc-POU3F3 in A172-Exo was significantly higher than that in shA172-Exo. HBMECs rapidly internalized A172-Exo and shA172-Exo, and the linc-POU3F3 expression level in HBMECs treated with A172-Exo was significantly higher than the level in HBMECs treated with shA172-Exo. A172-Exo exhibited better function in promoting HBMECs migration, proliferation, tubular-like structure formation in vitro and arteriole formation in vivo. The gene and protein expression level of bFGF, bFGFR, VEGFA, and Angio in HBMECs treated with A172-Exo was much higher than that of HBMECs treated with shA172-Exo.These results indicated that gliomas can induce angiogenesis by secreting exosomes enriched in linc-POU3F3. Exosomes and lncRNA-POU3F3 may, therefore, function as a putative therapeutic target in glioma.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common human malignancies, is a major public health problem in the developed world. Capsaicin, widely used as a food additive and as an analgesic agent, is a major pungent ingredient of red pepper. Though capsaicin-induced apoptosis was previously reported in cancer cells, relatively little is known about the impact of capsaicin on other aspect of cancer cell behavior. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with high-concentration of capsaicin (≥ 200 µM for SW480 and CT-26 cell lines; ≥ 25 µM for HCT116 cell line) inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In spite of no anti-proliferative effect, notably, low-concentration of capsaicin (100 µM for SW480 and CT-26 cell lines; 12.5 µM for HCT116 cell line) enhanced both migratory and invasive capability of these cells, which was validated by both in vitro and in vivo model. Further, we showed that 100 µM capsaicin induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT), up-regulated expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and activated Akt/mTOR and STAT-3 pathways in SW480 cells. Finally, we showed that capsaicin-induced metastasis of CRC cells was mediated by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our findings are considered a significant step toward a better understanding of capsaicin-associated regulatory network on CRC cells.

A numerical method for modelling the aerodynamic interaction between rotor blades and an independently generated vortex is developed. In this method, the Navier—Stokes/Euler equations are adopted for capturing the features of rotor blade—vortex interaction (BVI) flow and the overset grids technique is used for multi-zone solution. To incorporate the effects of the vortex in the solution, a generalized grid-velocity approach is presented to simplify the computations. The acoustic prediction is based on the well-known Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation for acoustic pressure. By this method developed, a parametric study is performed to examine the effects of the vortex strength, miss-distance, core-radius, oblique interaction, and interaction angle in a blade-shaft plane on BVI noise. The results indicate that the increase in miss-distance, core-radius, obliqueness of interaction, or interaction angle in a blade-shaft plane is an effective approach to reduce BVI noise, makes the BVI noise less impulsive (lower high harmonic content in noise energy) and increases the high noise encompassed area. However, the decrease in vortex strength changes only the magnitude of noise, not its distribution in different harmonics. The research also indicates that oblique interaction in a rotor plane has a significant effect on radiation directionality, while other parameters show little impact on it.

With the acceleration of urbanization, the mass rail transit (MRT) is developing rapidly in China. However, some unsustainable problems are brought to many metropolitan governments, such as the expensive costs of MRT construction and operation, the incompatibility between MRT and its surrounding land use, the difficulty of MRT sharing the benefits brought by itself, etc. Therefore, for the sustainability of MRT, this research presents a transit oriented development (TOD) planning model of China. The paper put forward the objective functions and constraints of China TOD (CTOD) model and designed the algorithm of this multiobjective optimal problem. The problem is divided into two phases and parallel genetic algorithm is adopted. By these methods, the Pareto optimization solution set is searched so that it can offer some alternative land-use schemes. Taking the example of Dan Zhutou station of Shenzhen metro third line constructing, the land-use schemes in walking available scope of MRT station are designed considering MRT sustainability. The optimization results are alternative schemes of land-use type and land-use density in planned region, so that the land use can ensure the sustainable development of MRT.

The accumulation of nitrate in vegetables is paid close attention to for one's health in the world. This paper highlights researching effects of extraneous glutamic acid (Glu), which is the middle product in the path of nitrogen metabolism, on nitrate accumulation in Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler Spreng) by means of spraying leaves with the glutamic acid solution. Glutamic acid solution at the concentration level of 0.5-10 mmol·L -1 decreased nitrate contents in Chinese chive leaves. Especially, the treatment of Glu at 5 mmol·L -1 produced an obvious increase of 15.1%. However, the total-N (nitrogen) content increased in Chinese chive leaves as increasing of Glu concentration at the range of 0.5-10 mmol·L -1 . Meanwhile, activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) raised by a wide margin, and chlorophyll content increased from 13.7 to 29.5%. In addition, the contents of free amino acid, soluble protein, and soluble sugar also increased. The results showed that extraneous glutamic acid did not only improve activity of NR named as "N-reducing-driving-pump" and activity of GS called "first driving pump" in the path of N assimilation, but also provides enough reducing force e - , ATP and C-framework, e.g., α-ketoglutarate for glutamate synthase (GOGAT) which is called "the second driving pump" in the path of N assimilation. Therefore, spraying the glutamic acid on leaves accelerated assimilation of nitrate in Chinese chive leaves. As a result, application of glutamic acid did not only reduce nitrate accumulation, but also improved the quality of Chinese chive.

To investigate efficacy and safety of artery chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.A total of 138 cases of Sichuan Cancer Hospital of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed from January 2011 to November 2014.All cases were divided into three groups, 61 cases were treated by artery chemoembolization (ACB group), 43 cases were treated by artery chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation (Joint group), 34 cases were treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA group). Recent efficiency, overall survival time, adverse reactions and complications of three groups were analyzed. The risk factors related to survival time of 138 patients were analyzed.The recent efficiency of ACB group, Joint group and RFA group were 73.8%(45/61), 93.0%(40/43), 85.3%(29/34), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=18.499, P=0.005). 1, 2, 3-year survival rates of Joint group were 90.7%(39/43), 58.1%(25/43), 20.9%(9/43), respectively that were better than ACB group(57.4%(35/61), 24.6%(15/61), 11.5%(7/61)) and RFA group(58.8%(20/34), 32.4%(11/34), 11.8%(4/34)), (χ(2) value were respectively 8.242 and 4.934, P values were 0.004 and 0.026). Chemotherapy side effects and complications of ablation were of no significant difference (P0.05). Chemotherapy side effects and complications of ablation were of no significant difference (P0.05). The number of tumors, tumor size, TNM staging, eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) score were independent risk factors which impact on survival time for non-small cell lung cancer. The artery chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation treatment can improve survival time of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Artery chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation is a safe, effective, minimally-invasive treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background and purpose The aim was to investigate relationships between serum fibulin-5 concentration and the severity or prognosis in patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Methods Consecutive ICH patients and healthy controls were included and clinical data were collected. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were assessed at admission time within 3 days after bleeding. Cerebral haemorrhage volume was calculated and serum fibulin-5 concentration was measured at the same time. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for serum fibulin-5 concentration and Spearman correlation coefficients were obtained to explore the relationships between fibulin-5 concentration and NIHSS or GCS scores. Patients were followed up for 3 months and the modified Rankin Scale was evaluated for all survivors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained to explore fibulin-5 concentration in predicting prognosis. Results Serum fibulin-5 concentration had increased in ICH patients compared with healthy controls (65.86 ± 26.39 μg/l vs. 40.66 ± 5.03 μg/l, P = 0.00) and was mainly influenced by haemorrhage volume (β = 0.905, P = 0.000) and extension to ventricles (β = 10.173, P = 0.097). Serum fibulin-5 concentration was positively correlated with NIHSS score (r = 0.511, P = 0.000) but inversely correlated with GCS score (r = −0.585, P = 0.000). Based on the ROC curves, the optimal cut-off point was 80.68 μg/l for death, and the sensitivity and specificity values of serum fibulin-5 were 77.8% and 93.2%, whilst the optimal cut-off point was 48.45 μg/l for poor prognosis and the sensitivity and specificity values were 86.4% and 54.1%, respectively. Conclusions Serum fibulin-5 concentration can be regarded as a biomarker for evaluating disease severity and predicting prognosis in ICH patients.

This paper introduces an innovative technology—grouted jetted precast concrete piling—that increases the efficiency of piling operations in coastal regions. The technology includes the following steps: (i) casting concrete piles factory-designed especially for jetting and grouting; (ii) jetting to drive the concrete piles with a crane on a floating ship or platform into soil; and (iii) grouting to enhance the sheet pile connections and to increase the pile bearing capacity. This technology was applied to a number of piling construction projects at the mouth of the Yellow River Delta in China, and this experience demonstrated that it is a robust, fast track, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly piling method.Key words: piling technique, sheet pile, jetting, retaining walls, coastal infrastructure, Yellow River.

An analytical method incorporating a free-wake analysis with a rotor trim algorithm is developed for predicting rotor wake geometry and blade loading distribution for a helicopter in hover and forward flight. The wake model of this method is based on a multi-filament full-span free wake, using sophisticated circular-arc vortex elements. The blade model is based on the second-order lifting-line theory to improve the calculation of three-dimensional tip effects. A rotor trim method is given, based on the finite-difference approximation of the blade flapping motion and the trim Jacobian matrix. This is subsequently coupled into the free-wake model. In order to demonstrate the capability of the coupled method, comparisons between the calculated results and the available experimental data of the rotor blade flapping motion for a model rotor are presented covering conditions from hover through forward flight. The free-wake geometry and the blade loading distribution at a low advance ratio are calculated for the H-34 helicopter rotor, and the blade loading distribution is compared with both the measured data and calculated results on the basis of the undistorted wake.

Collisions of Au + Au have been studied at beam kinetic energies of 6.0, 8.0 and 10.8 GeV/nucleon at the AGS facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Particles emitted from the collisions were momentum analysed and identified in a magnetic spectrometer. Proton rapidity distributions are compared with those expected for isotropic emission from a stopped source and it is concluded that there is a substantial amount of transparency at all three beam energies even for the most central collisions. Strangeness production were studied via measurements of K, and spectra. All three indicate a strong enhancement of strangeness production relative to pp-collisions at similar centre-of-mass energies.

The first measurements of {phi} meson production in Au-Au collisions at AGS energies are presented via the decay to K{sup +} K{sup {minus}}. A measurement of the centrality dependence of the yield shows an increase similar to that seen for the K{sup {minus}} with a spectral shape consistent with a relativistic Breit-Wigner distribution within the statistical errors of the present data set. Future analysis using the full data set with 4 times the statistics will allow a more accurate determination of the yields, slopes and spectral shapes.

The effects of baryon stopping and its resulting energy deposition on the dynamics of Au + Au collisions at 6, 8 and 10.8 GeV/nucleon are explored with recent results from the AGS experiment E917. Current analyses of stopping, collective flow signals and HBT parameters are presented. Strangeness and anti-baryon production is examined using the yields of anti-lambdas and anti-protons.

We describe the design and expected performance of the PHENIX Multiplicity and Vertex Detector (MVD) sub-system of the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).

In this paper Au+Au collisions at 11.6A GeV/c are characterized by two global observables: the energy measured near zero degrees (E{sub ZCAL}) and the total event multiplicity. Particle spectra are measured for different event classes that are defined in a two-dimensional grid of both global observables. For moderately central events ({sigma}/{sigma}{sub int}{lt}12{percent}) the proton dN/dy distributions do not depend on E{sub ZCAL} but only on the event multiplicity. In contrast the shape of the proton transverse spectra shows little dependence on the event multiplicity. The change in the proton dN/dy distributions suggests that different conditions are formed in the collision for different event classes. These event classes are studied for signals of new physics by measuring pion and kaon spectra and yields. In the event classes doubly selected on E{sub ZCAL} and multiplicity there is no indication of any unusual pion or kaon yields, spectra, or K/{pi} ratio even in the events with extreme multiplicity. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}

A systematic study of the spectra and yields of K{sup +} and K{sup {minus}} is reported by experiment E866 as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at 11.6A GeV/c. The invariant transverse spectra for both kaon species are well described by exponentials in m{sub t}, with inverse slope parameters that are largest at midrapidity and which increase with centrality. The inverse slopes of the K{sup +} spectra are slightly larger than the inverse slopes of the K{sup {minus}} spectra. The kaon rapidity density peaks at midrapidity with the K{sup +} distribution wider in rapidity than K{sup {minus}}. The integrated total yields of K{sup +} and K{sup {minus}} increase nonlinearly and steadily with the number of projectile participants. The yield per participant for kaons is two to three times larger than the yield from N-N collisions. This enhancement suggests that the majority of kaons in central Au+Au reactions are produced in secondary hadronic collisions. There is no evidence for an onset of additional kaon production from a possible small volume of baryon-rich quark-gluon plasma. The differences between K{sup +} and K{sup {minus}} rapidity distributions and transverse spectra are consistent with a lower phase space for K{sup {minus}} production due tomore » a higher energy threshold. These differences also exclude simple thermal models that assume emission from a common equilibrated system. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}« less

Antiproton production in 11.7A GeV/c Au+Au collisions over a wide transverse-mass coverage was studied using the AGS-E866 experimental apparatus. The mean transverse kinetic energy increases as a function of centrality and is similar to that of protons. The antiproton yields in Si+Al , Si+Au , and Au+Au collisions are consistent with scaling with the 0.7 power of the number of participant nucleons. Copyright 1998, The American Physical Society

Particle yields and spectra for kaons, pions and protons have been measured as a function of beam energy in Au Au collisions at the AGS. The energy dependence of the yields indicates that increased beam energy leads primarily to an increase in particle production with a slight increase in transverse momentum. The measured 〈 m T 〉 distributions have been fit to a simple model which assumes a thermal distribution with an additional term proportional to the particle mass. This additional term can be attributed to collective expansion.

Systematic results are presented on proton, deuteron, and triton emission from the target spectator region in collisions of 10.20A GeV gold projectiles with a gold target. A forward hodoscope utilizes detection of projectile spectator fragments to determine the orientation of the reaction plane, event by event. The directed flow {l_angle}p{sub x}{r_angle} is determined as a function of pseudorapidity. Projectile spectator energy is used to estimate impact parameters. Results are compared to current theoretical models ARC, ART, and RQMD. In all cases good agreement with theory is obtained for calculations utilizing a pure cascade without nuclear potential contributions. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}

Semi-inclusive proton and pion distributions from central Au+Au reactions at 11.6A GeV/c have been measured. The proton rapidity distribution shows significantly increased stopping compared to lighter systems, providing strong evidence for the formation of a state of matter with baryon density substantially greater than normal nuclear matter. Unlike reactions at this energy induced by lighter heavy ions, at low m{sub t}-m{sub 0} the proton invariant spectra deviate from a single exponential shape and become flatter, while {pi}{sup {minus}} spectra are found to rise faster than the {pi}{sup +} spectra. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}

The E866 experimental setup has been upgraded by addition of a forward spectrometer to handle the large multiplicities in central Au+Au collisions at AGS. Furthermore new global detectors have been added to gain insight into the reaction dynamics and enable studies of flow effects. The report presents preliminary rapidity distributions for protons and produced mesons in central collisions. The shape of m{sub t}-spectra of pions is discussed. Examples of the measurements which can be done with a new multiplicity array are presented.

The fabrication process, compressive strength and biocompatibility of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) ceramic scaffolds reinforced with 45P(2)O(5)-22CaO-25Na(2)O-8MgO bioglass (beta-TCP/BG) were investigated for their suitability as bone engineering materials. Porous beta-TCP/BG scaffolds with macropore sizes of 200-500 muicrom were prepared by coating porous polyurethane template with beta-TCP/BG slurry. The beta-TCP/BG scaffolds showed interconnected porous structures and exhibited enhanced mechanical properties to those pure beta-TCP scaffolds. In order to assess the effects of chemical composition of this bioglass on the behavior of osteoblasts cultured in vitro, porous scaffolds were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 2 weeks, and original specimens (without soaked in SBF) seeded with MC3T3-E1 were cultured for the same period. The ability of inducing apatite crystals in simulated body fluid and the attachment of osteoblasts were examined. Results suggest that apatite agglomerates are formed on the surface of the beta-TCP/BG scaffolds and its Ca/P molar ratio is approximately 1.42. Controlling the crystallization from the beta-TCP/BG matrix could influence the releasing speed of inorganic ions and further adjust the microenvironment of the solution around the beta-TCP/BG, which could improve the interaction between osteoblasts and the scaffolds.

Two-pion correlation functions are analyzed at mid-rapidity for three systems (14.6 A-GeV Si+Al, Si+Au, and 11.6 A-GeV Au+Au), seven distinct centrality conditions, and different kT bins in the range 0.1--0.5 GeV/c. Source reference frames are determined from fits to the Yano-Koonin source parameterization. Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters are shown to scale linearly with both number of projectile and total participants as obtained from a Glauber model calculation. A finite emission duration that increases linearly with system/centrality is also reported. The mT dependence of the Bertsch-Pratt radii is measured for the central Si+Au and Au+Au systems. The system/centrality dependence is investigated separately for both high and low mT regions.

We present results for antilambda and antiproton production in Au+Au collisions at 11.7 A GeV/c including spectra and extracted invariant yields for both species in central and peripheral collisions in the rapidity range 1.0y1.4. The antilambda yield increases from dN(Lambda;)/dy = 1.2(+0.7+0.2)(-0.6-0.2)x10(-3) in peripheral collisions to 19(+4+3)(-5-2)x10(-3) in central collisions. The direct antiproton yield is deduced from the measured total antiproton spectra to extract the ratio of antilambda-to-direct-antiproton production. The Lambda/p ratio near midrapidity increases from 0.26(+0.19+0.5)(-0.15-0.4) in peripheral collisions to 3.6(+4.7+2.7)(-1.8-1.1) in central collisions, a value larger than current theoretical estimates.

An excitation function of proton rapidity distributions for different centralities is reported from AGS Experiment E917 for Au+Au collisions at 6, 8, and 10.8 GeV/nucleon. The rapidity distributions from peripheral collisions have a valley at midrapidity which smoothly change to distributions that peak at midrapidity for central collisions. The mean rapidity loss increases with increasing beam energy, whereas the fraction of protons consistent with isotropic emission from a thermal source at midrapidity decreases with increasing beam energy., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table replaced version has figures rotated

Proton and deuteron distributions from 11.6A GeV/c Au + Au collisions measured by the E802 Collaboration in experiment E-866 are presented. The invariant yield of protons and deuterons is studied as a function of the transverse mass for different cuts of rapidity and centrality. At low mt−m0 the proton and deuteron invariant spectra deviate from a single exponential shape. The average mt as function of centrality and rapidity is used to explore the effect of collective transverse flow in the reaction. The ratio of the deuteron to squared proton yield as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity, and centrality is used to probe the coalescence model of deuteron production. This ratio is constant as a function of rapidity only for the most central cuts and decreases with the centrality for every rapidity cut. The ratio of the differential cross section of the deuteron to the squared differential cross section of the proton, for the most central cut, is not constant as a function of mt−m0.

Charged kaon production has been measured in Si+Al and Si+Au collisions at 14.6 A GeV/c, and Au+Au collisions at 11.1 A GeV/c by Experiments 859 and 866 (the E--802 Collaboration) at the BNL AGS. Invariant transverse mass spectra and rapidity distributions for both K+ and K- are presented. The centrality dependence of rapidity-integrated kaon yields is studied. Strangeness enhancement is observed as an increase in the slope of the kaon yield with the total number of participants as well as the yield per participant. The enhancement starts with peripheral Si+Al and Si+Au collisions (relative to N+N) and appears to saturate for a moderate number of participating nucleons in Si+Au collisions. It is also observed to increase slowly with centrality in Au+Au collisions, to a level in the most central Au+Au collisions that is greater than that found in central Si+A collisions. The enhancement factor for $K^+$ production are 3.0 +-0.2(stat.) +-0.4(syst.) and 4.0 +-0.3(stat.) +-0.5(syst.), respectively, for the most central 7% Si+Au collisions and the most central 4% Au+Au collisions relative to N+N at the correponding beam energy., Comment: RevTeX style, 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Minor changes. Phys. Rev. C in press

Nuclear matter of high density is created during the collisions of Au+Au nuclei using the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) located at Brookhaven National Laboratory.1, 2 Whether the formation of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) occurs during these heavy-ion collisions, or even if it is possible to extract an unambiguous signal of its existence from the background of hadronic debris, remains highly speculative. Regardless of whether a QGP is created, the potential exists to do a great deal of interesting and exciting physics with the high density baryonic matter created during the Au+Au collisions at the AGS.

The changes of mRNA expression level control cell function. Many factors such as individual development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and even apoptosis, physiological stimuli, and drug treatment will change the level of gene expression. Comparisons of gene expression in different cell types provide the underlying information for analyzing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the physiological processes. A method of mRNA differential display is developed recently, providing a powerful and useful tool, which can efficiently and rapidly isolate the genes that display a difference in transcription. These genes may play important role in cell function.

A thermo-electrical and thermo-mechanical model is developed to predict a shape memory alloy (SMA) tendon-actuated compliant beam structure. A geometrically non-linear static analysis is first carried out to investigate the deformed shape of a flexible beam with a SMA tendon actuated electrically. It is found that, when the beam tip deflection is less than 10% of its length, an approximate linear beam model is appropriate, allowing the use of linear beam theory in modeling the dynamic structural response. While the model with nonlinear beam theory is still preferred in model prediction, identification and for full understanding of structure behaviors. The actuation force applied by the SMA actuator to the beam is evaluated by using a thermodynamically based thermomechanical constitutive model for SMA. To calculate the temperature history in the SMA actuator for given electrical current input, the heat conduction equation in the SMA actuator is solved with the electrical resistive heating being modeled as a distributed heat source. Finally, the three steps in the formulation are connected through an iterative scheme that takes into account the static equilibrium of the beam, thus translating an input electrical current history into a beam strain output. The predictions of the proposed model are correlated with experimental results.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

A cycle C in G is said to be locally geodesic at a vertex ν if for each vertex u on C, the distance between ν and u in C coincides with that in G. It will be shown that a self-centered graph of radius 2 contains a cycle of length 4 or 5 which is locally geodesic at each vertex and conversely that if the longest one among such cycles for each vertex of a block has length 4 then the block is self-centered and has radius 2.