1. Probability learning and feedback processing in dyslexia: A performance and heart rate analysis
- Author
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Dirk J.A. Smit, Jurgen Tijms, M.W. van der Molen, E.J.C. de Geus, G. Fraga González, M. J. W. van der Molen, University of Zurich, Fraga González, G, Biological Psychology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Mental Health, Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), FMG, Psychology Other Research (FMG), Brain and Cognition, and Adult Psychiatry
- Subjects
Male ,Feedback, Psychological ,probabilistic learning ,Task (project management) ,Dyslexia ,Electrocardiography ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heart Rate ,heart rate ,parasympathetic nervous system ,Cerebral Cortex ,feedback processing ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Contrast (statistics) ,2800 General Neuroscience ,Electroencephalography ,10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ,Justice and Strong Institutions ,2807 Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Female ,Psychology ,2803 Biological Psychiatry ,Cognitive psychology ,2805 Cognitive Neuroscience ,Adult ,SDG 16 - Peace ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,610 Medicine & health ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,3206 Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,2806 Developmental Neuroscience ,Young Adult ,Developmental Neuroscience ,performance monitoring ,Negative feedback ,dyslexia ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Biological Psychiatry ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,3205 Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ,Probabilistic logic ,Association Learning ,medicine.disease ,Associative learning ,2808 Neurology ,Corrective feedback ,Probability Learning ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
Recent studies suggest that individuals with dyslexia may be impaired in probability learning and performance monitoring. These observations are consistent with findings indicating atypical neural activations in frontostriatal circuits in the brain, which are important for associative learning. The current study further examined probability learning and performance monitoring in adult individuals with dyslexia (n = 23) and typical readers (n = 31) using two varieties of a typical probabilistic learning task. In addition to performance measures, we measured heart rate, focusing on cardiac slowing with negative feedback as a manifestation of the automatic performance monitoring system. One task required participants to learn associations between artificial script and speech sounds and the other task required them to learn associations between geometric forms and bird sounds. Corrective feedback (informative or random) was provided in both tasks. Performance results indicated that individuals with dyslexia and typical readers learned the associations equally well in contrast to expectations. We found the typical cardiac response associated with feedback processing consisting of a heart rate slowing with the presentation of the feedback and a return to baseline thereafter. Interestingly, the heart rate slowing associated with feedback was less pronounced and the return to baseline was delayed in individuals with dyslexia relative to typical readers. These findings were interpreted in relation to current theorizing of performance monitoring linking the salience network in the brain to autonomic functioning.
- Published
- 2019