14 results on '"G. Depuydt"'
Search Results
2. Tumeur infiltrant le muscle chez le patient octogénaire : quelles solutions thérapeutiques proposées ?
- Author
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J. Guillotreau, C. Bastide, S. Droupy, A. Ravaud, and M.-G. Depuydt-Baillon
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Urology ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Resume Les carcinomes urotheliaux infiltrant le muscle vesical touchent surtout les personnes âgees. Chez ces patients, le traitement de reference (cystectomie radicale) pose le probleme du benefice attendu par rapport a l’eventuelle morbidite. Pour cela, il semble necessaire de developper une prise en charge multidisciplinaire oncogeriatrique, surtout adressee aux sujets fragiles et dependants, afin de detecter des problemes non reperes auparavant, d’influencer le traitement oncologique et d’aider a la prise de decision oncologique. Si un traitement radical est envisage, une cystoprostatectomie radicale avec curage lymphonodal etendu et une derivation trans-ileale non continente selon Bricker est recommandee chez les patients âges. Les alternatives a la chirurgie radicale seront decidees en fonction de l’evolution locale, de l’hematurie, de l’extension a distance et de la survie.
- Published
- 2010
3. Tracking of airborne radionuclides from the damaged Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear reactors by European networks
- Author
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M. Manolopoulou, J. Bieringer, M. Kettunen, Ó. Halldórsson, Stylianos Stoulos, S. E. Pálsson, Ilia Penev, P.J.M. Kwakman, Philipp Steinmann, Olivier Masson, Fernando P. Carvalho, A. Ugron, Flavia Groppi, Luigi Gini, Simone Manenti, G. Depuydt, B. V. Silobritiene, Jerzy W. Mietelski, K. Isajenko, H. Wershofen, K. Gudnason, E. Vagena, A. Dalheimer, C. Söderström, Clemens Schlosser, Zs. Homoki, M. Reis, N. Tooloutalaie, C. Mc Mahon, Kamil Brudecki, G. Lujaniene, M. Lecomte, Antonio Baeza, K. Holeý, A.-P. Leppänen, Dragana Todorović, B. Lind, Pavel P. Povinec, M. Sonck, Henrik Ramebäck, Sven Poul Nielsen, B. Møller, Thomas Steinkopff, Dieter Hainz, P. Mc Ginnity, P. R. J. Saey, L.-E. De Geer, O. Connan, W. Ringer, Christian Katzlberger, Marija M. Janković, Georg Steinhauser, Damien Didier, Luc Solier, C. Papastefanou, L. León Vintró, Rodolfo Gurriaran, I. Sýkora, D. Hammond, R. Kontro, A. de Vismes, G. Sgorbati, Petr Rulík, Renata Kierepko, M.K. Pham, S. Bucci, Alexander Mauring, Alexandra Ioannidou, Jelena Krneta Nikolić, J. Tschiersch, R. Sogni, V. Samsonov, O. Zhukova, A. Mattila, Alicia Rodríguez, Ronaldus Martinus Wilhelmus Overwater, O. Hanley, Arturo Vargas, Laura Tositti, Helena Malá, M. Cappai, C. Cosma, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS), Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Laboratoire de Radioécologie de Cherbourg-Octeville (LRC), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Swedish Defence Research Agency [Stockholm] (FOI), Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England [London], Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), National Radiation Protection Institute (NRPI/SURO), Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority [Helsinki] (STUK), Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE), Académie des sciences de Bulgarie, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, University of Bologna, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), O. Masson, A. Baeza, J. Bieringer, K. Brudecki, S. Bucci, M. Cappai, F.P. Carvalho, O. Connan, C. Cosma, A. Dalheimer, D. Didier, G. Depuydt, L.E. De Geer, A. De Visme, L. Gini, F. Groppi, K. Gudnason, R. Gurriaran, D. Hainz, Ó. Halldórsson, D. Hammond○, O. Hanley, K. Holeý, Zs. Homoki, A. Ioannidou, K. Isajenko, M. Jankovic, C. Katzlberger, M. Kettunen, R. Kierepko, R. Kontro, P.J.M. Kwakman, M. Lecomte, L. Leon Vintro, A.-P. Leppänen, B. Lind, G. Lujaniene, P. Mc Ginnity, C. Mc Mahon, H. Malá, S. Manenti, M. Manolopoulou, A. Mattila, A. Mauring, J.W. Mietelski, B. Møller, S.P. Nielsen, J. Nikoliκ, R.M.W. Overwater, S. E. Pálsson, Papastefanou, I. Penev, M.K. Pham, P.P. Povinec, H. Ramebäck, M.C. Rei, W. Ringer, A. Rodriguez, P. Rulík, P.R.J. Saey, V. Samsonov, C. Shlosser, G. Sgorbati, B. V. Silobritiene, C. Söderström, R. Sogni, L. Solier, M. Sonk, G. Steinhauser, T. Steinkopff, P. Steinmann, S. Stoulo, I. Sýkora, D. Todorovic, N. Tooloutalaie, L. Tositti, J. Tshiersh, A. Ugron, E. Vagena, A. Varga, H. Wershofen, and and O. Zhukova
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,FUKUSHIMA ,Induced radioactivity ,010501 environmental sciences ,Atmospheric sciences ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Atmosphere ,Iodine Radioisotopes ,Washout (aeronautics) ,RADIOCONTAMINATION ,Japan ,law ,Radiation Monitoring ,Nuclear power plant ,Environmental Chemistry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Radionuclide ,General Chemistry ,Particulates ,Europe ,PLUME ,13. Climate action ,Air Pollutants, Radioactive ,Cesium Radioisotopes ,Nuclear Power Plants ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY ,Environmental science ,Radiation monitoring ,Contaminated air ,Radioactive Hazard Release - Abstract
Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere from the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) started on March 12th, 2011. Among the various radionuclides released, iodine-131 ( 131I) and cesium isotopes ( 137Cs and 134Cs) were transported across the Pacific toward the North American continent and reached Europe despite dispersion and washout along the route of the contaminated air masses. In Europe, the first signs of the releases were detected 7 days later while the first peak of activity level was observed between March 28th and March 30th. Time variations over a 20-day period and spatial variations across more than 150 sampling locations in Europe made it possible to characterize the contaminated air masses. After the Chernobyl accident, only a few measurements of the gaseous 131I fraction were conducted compared to the number of measurements for the particulate fraction. Several studies had already pointed out the importance of the gaseous 131I and the large underestimation of the total 131I airborne activity level, and subsequent calculations of inhalation dose, if neglected. The measurements made across Europe following the releases from the Fukushima NPP reactors have provided a significant amount of new data on the ratio of the gaseous 131I fraction to total 131I, both on a spatial scale and its temporal variation. It can be pointed out that during the Fukushima event, the 134Cs to 137Cs ratio proved to be different from that observed after the Chernobyl accident. The data set provided in this paper is the most comprehensive survey of the main relevant airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima reactors, measured across Europe. A rough estimate of the total 131I inventory that has passed over Europe during this period was \textless1% of the released amount. According to the measurements, airborne activity levels remain of no concern for public health in Europe. © 2011 American Chemical Society.
- Published
- 2011
4. [Management of muscle invasive bladder in elderly]
- Author
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C, Bastide, S, Droupy, A, Ravaud, M-G, Depuydt-Baillon, and J, Guillotreau
- Subjects
Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Geriatric Assessment - Abstract
Elderly are often the population affected by bladder cancer. Physician must consider not only a patient's chronologic age but also physiologic age and associated medical conditions. Although radical cystectomy remains the treatment of choice for muscle invasive bladder cancer, it has a well-recognized risk of perioperative complications and mortality. Multidisciplinary oncogeriatric evaluation is necessary to detect associated comorbidities, and to improve oncologic decision and surgical outcomes. Radical cystectomy with ileal conduit is recommended in elderly. Indications of conservative treatments depend on local extension, haematuria, and metastasis.
- Published
- 2010
5. Changes of Protein Turnover in Aging Caenorhabditis elegans .
- Author
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Dhondt I, Petyuk VA, Bauer S, Brewer HM, Smith RD, Depuydt G, and Braeckman BP
- Subjects
- Animals, Energy Metabolism, Half-Life, Muscles metabolism, Pharynx metabolism, Proteostasis, Time Factors, Aging metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Protein turnover rates severely decline in aging organisms, including C. elegans However, limited information is available on turnover dynamics at the individual protein level during aging. We followed changes in protein turnover at one-day resolution using a multiple-pulse
15 N-labeling and accurate mass spectrometry approach. Forty percent of the proteome shows gradual slowdown in turnover with age, whereas only few proteins show increased turnover. Decrease in protein turnover was consistent for only a minority of functionally related protein subsets, including tubulins and vitellogenins, whereas randomly diverging turnover patterns with age were the norm. Our data suggests increased heterogeneity of protein turnover of the translation machinery, whereas protein turnover of ubiquitin-proteasome and antioxidant systems are well-preserved over time. Hence, we presume that maintenance of quality control mechanisms is a protective strategy in aging worms, although the ultimate proteome collapse is inescapable., (© 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Evolutionarily conserved TRH neuropeptide pathway regulates growth in Caenorhabditis elegans .
- Author
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Van Sinay E, Mirabeau O, Depuydt G, Van Hiel MB, Peymen K, Watteyne J, Zels S, Schoofs L, and Beets I
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Body Size, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism, Conserved Sequence, Diet, Evolution, Molecular, Gastrointestinal Motility, RNA Interference, Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone metabolism, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans growth & development, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone metabolism
- Abstract
In vertebrates thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a highly conserved neuropeptide that exerts the hormonal control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels as well as neuromodulatory functions. However, a functional equivalent in protostomian animals remains unknown, although TRH receptors are conserved in proto- and deuterostomians. Here we identify a TRH-like neuropeptide precursor in Caenorhabditis elegans that belongs to a bilaterian family of TRH precursors. Using CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi reverse genetics, we show that TRH-like neuropeptides, through the activation of their receptor TRHR-1, promote growth in C elegans TRH-like peptides from pharyngeal motor neurons are required for normal body size, and knockdown of their receptor in pharyngeal muscle cells reduces growth. Mutants deficient for TRH signaling have no defects in pharyngeal pumping or isthmus peristalsis rates, but their growth defect depends on the bacterial diet. In addition to the decrease in growth, trh-1 mutants have a reduced number of offspring. Our study suggests that TRH is an evolutionarily ancient neuropeptide, having its origin before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, and may ancestrally have been involved in the control of postembryonic growth and reproduction., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Increased Protein Stability and Decreased Protein Turnover in the Caenorhabditis elegans Ins/IGF-1 daf-2 Mutant.
- Author
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Depuydt G, Shanmugam N, Rasulova M, Dhondt I, and Braeckman BP
- Subjects
- Amino Acids metabolism, Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Glutathione metabolism, Mutation genetics, Phenotype, Trehalose metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins metabolism, Longevity genetics, Protein Stability
- Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, cellular proteostasis is likely essential for longevity. Autophagy has been shown to be essential for lifespan extension of daf-2 insulin/IGF mutants. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that daf-2 mutants achieve this phenotype by increasing protein turnover. However, such a mechanism would exert a substantial energy cost. By using classical
35 S pulse-chase labeling, we observed that protein synthesis and degradation rates are decreased in young adults of the daf-2 insulin/IGF mutants. Although reduction of protein turnover may be energetically favorable, it may lead to accumulation and aggregation of damaged proteins. As this has been shown not to be the case in daf-2 mutants, another mechanism must exist to maintain proteostasis in this strain. We observed that proteins isolated from daf-2 mutants are more soluble in acidic conditions due to increased levels of trehalose. This suggests that trehalose may decrease the potential for protein aggregation and increases proteostasis in the daf-2 mutants. We postulate that daf-2 mutants save energy by decreasing protein turnover rates and instead stabilize their proteome by trehalose., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.)- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. FOXO/DAF-16 Activation Slows Down Turnover of the Majority of Proteins in C. elegans.
- Author
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Dhondt I, Petyuk VA, Cai H, Vandemeulebroucke L, Vierstraete A, Smith RD, Depuydt G, and Braeckman BP
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytoskeletal Proteins metabolism, Half-Life, Intracellular Membranes metabolism, Isotope Labeling, Lysosomes metabolism, Mitochondria metabolism, Muscle Proteins metabolism, Protein Biosynthesis, Proteomics, Reproducibility of Results, Stress, Physiological, Subcellular Fractions metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins metabolism, Forkhead Transcription Factors metabolism
- Abstract
Most aging hypotheses assume the accumulation of damage, resulting in gradual physiological decline and, ultimately, death. Avoiding protein damage accumulation by enhanced turnover should slow down the aging process and extend the lifespan. However, lowering translational efficiency extends rather than shortens the lifespan in C. elegans. We studied turnover of individual proteins in the long-lived daf-2 mutant by combining SILeNCe (stable isotope labeling by nitrogen in Caenorhabditiselegans) and mass spectrometry. Intriguingly, the majority of proteins displayed prolonged half-lives in daf-2, whereas others remained unchanged, signifying that longevity is not supported by high protein turnover. This slowdown was most prominent for translation-related and mitochondrial proteins. In contrast, the high turnover of lysosomal hydrolases and very low turnover of cytoskeletal proteins remained largely unchanged. The slowdown of protein dynamics and decreased abundance of the translational machinery may point to the importance of anabolic attenuation in lifespan extension, as suggested by the hyperfunction theory., (Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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9. Epigenetics and locust life phase transitions.
- Author
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Ernst UR, Van Hiel MB, Depuydt G, Boerjan B, De Loof A, and Schoofs L
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Genomics, Models, Biological, Epigenesis, Genetic, Grasshoppers genetics, Grasshoppers growth & development, Life Cycle Stages genetics
- Abstract
Insects are one of the most successful classes on Earth, reflected in an enormous species richness and diversity. Arguably, this success is partly due to the high degree to which polyphenism, where one genotype gives rise to more than one phenotype, is exploited by many of its species. In social insects, for instance, larval diet influences the development into distinct castes; and locust polyphenism has tricked researchers for years into believing that the drastically different solitarious and gregarious phases might be different species. Solitarious locusts behave much as common grasshoppers. However, they are notorious for forming vast, devastating swarms upon crowding. These gregarious animals are shorter lived, less fecund and transmit their phase characteristics to their offspring. The behavioural gregarisation occurs within hours, yet the full display of gregarious characters takes several generations, as does the reversal to the solitarious phase. Hormones, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters influence some of the phase traits; however, none of the suggested mechanisms can account for all the observed differences, notably imprinting effects on longevity and fecundity. This is why, more recently, epigenetics has caught the interest of the polyphenism field. Accumulating evidence points towards a role for epigenetic regulation in locust phase polyphenism. This is corroborated in the economically important locust species Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria. Here, we review the key elements involved in phase transition in locusts and possible epigenetic regulation. We discuss the relative role of DNA methylation, histone modification and small RNA molecules, and suggest future research directions., (© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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10. Metformin promotes lifespan through mitohormesis via the peroxiredoxin PRDX-2.
- Author
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De Haes W, Frooninckx L, Van Assche R, Smolders A, Depuydt G, Billen J, Braeckman BP, Schoofs L, and Temmerman L
- Subjects
- Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase metabolism, Amino Acids, Branched-Chain chemistry, Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Green Fluorescent Proteins chemistry, Hot Temperature, Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry, Mitochondria enzymology, Models, Animal, Oxidative Stress, Oxygen Consumption, Protein Unfolding, Proteomics, Reactive Oxygen Species, Rotenone chemistry, Signal Transduction, Time Factors, Caenorhabditis elegans drug effects, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins physiology, Hormesis drug effects, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Longevity drug effects, Metformin pharmacology, Peroxiredoxins physiology
- Abstract
The antiglycemic drug metformin, widely prescribed as first-line treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, has lifespan-extending properties. Precisely how this is achieved remains unclear. Via a quantitative proteomics approach using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, we gained molecular understanding of the physiological changes elicited by metformin exposure, including changes in branched-chain amino acid catabolism and cuticle maintenance. We show that metformin extends lifespan through the process of mitohormesis and propose a signaling cascade in which metformin-induced production of reactive oxygen species increases overall life expectancy. We further address an important issue in aging research, wherein so far, the key molecular link that translates the reactive oxygen species signal into a prolongevity cue remained elusive. We show that this beneficial signal of the mitohormetic pathway is propagated by the peroxiredoxin PRDX-2. Because of its evolutionary conservation, peroxiredoxin signaling might underlie a general principle of prolongevity signaling.
- Published
- 2014
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11. LC-MS proteomics analysis of the insulin/IGF-1-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans daf-2(e1370) mutant reveals extensive restructuring of intermediary metabolism.
- Author
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Depuydt G, Xie F, Petyuk VA, Smolders A, Brewer HM, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, and Braeckman BP
- Subjects
- Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins analysis, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins chemistry, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins metabolism, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Metabolic Networks and Pathways genetics, Mutation genetics, Proteome analysis, Proteome chemistry, Proteome metabolism, Proteomics methods, Transcription Factors analysis, Transcription Factors chemistry, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans physiology, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins genetics, Insulin genetics, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I genetics, Proteome genetics, Receptor, Insulin genetics
- Abstract
The insulin/IGF-1 receptor is a major known determinant of dauer formation, stress resistance, longevity, and metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the past, whole-genome transcript profiling was used extensively to study differential gene expression in response to reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling, including the expression levels of metabolism-associated genes. Taking advantage of the recent developments in quantitative liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomics, we profiled the proteomic changes that occur in response to activation of the DAF-16 transcription factor in the germline-less glp-4(bn2);daf-2(e1370) receptor mutant. Strikingly, the daf-2 profile suggests extensive reorganization of intermediary metabolism, characterized by the upregulation of many core intermediary metabolic pathways. These include glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, pentose phosphate cycle, citric acid cycle, glyoxylate shunt, fatty acid β-oxidation, one-carbon metabolism, propionate and tyrosine catabolism, and complexes I, II, III, and V of the electron transport chain. Interestingly, we found simultaneous activation of reciprocally regulated metabolic pathways, which is indicative of spatiotemporal coordination of energy metabolism and/or extensive post-translational regulation of these enzymes. This restructuring of daf-2 metabolism is reminiscent to that of hypometabolic dauers, allowing the efficient and economical utilization of internal nutrient reserves and possibly also shunting metabolites through alternative energy-generating pathways to sustain longevity.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling and dietary restriction inhibit translation but preserve muscle mass in Caenorhabditis elegans.
- Author
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Depuydt G, Xie F, Petyuk VA, Shanmugam N, Smolders A, Dhondt I, Brewer HM, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, and Braeckman BP
- Subjects
- Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins metabolism, Caloric Restriction, Chromatography, Liquid, Energy Metabolism genetics, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Insulin genetics, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I genetics, Longevity genetics, Muscle Proteins genetics, Mutation, Protein Biosynthesis, Proteomics methods, Receptor, Insulin genetics, Receptor, Insulin metabolism, Ribosomes genetics, Ribosomes metabolism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism, Insulin metabolism, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I metabolism, Muscle Proteins metabolism, Muscles metabolism, Signal Transduction
- Abstract
Reduced signaling through the C. elegans insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1-like tyrosine kinase receptor daf-2 and dietary restriction via bacterial dilution are two well-characterized lifespan-extending interventions that operate in parallel or through (partially) independent mechanisms. Using accurate mass and time tag LC-MS/MS quantitative proteomics, we detected that the abundance of a large number of ribosomal subunits is decreased in response to dietary restriction, as well as in the daf-2(e1370) insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1-receptor mutant. In addition, general protein synthesis levels in these long-lived worms are repressed. Surprisingly, ribosomal transcript levels were not correlated to actual protein abundance, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation determines ribosome content. Proteomics also revealed the increased presence of many structural muscle cell components in long-lived worms, which appeared to result from the prioritized preservation of muscle cell volume in nutrient-poor conditions or low insulin-like signaling. Activation of DAF-16, but not diet restriction, stimulates mRNA expression of muscle-related genes to prevent muscle atrophy. Important daf-2-specific proteome changes include overexpression of aerobic metabolism enzymes and general activation of stress-responsive and immune defense systems, whereas the increased abundance of many protein subunits of the proteasome core complex is a dietary-restriction-specific characteristic.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Tracking of airborne radionuclides from the damaged Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear reactors by European networks.
- Author
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Masson O, Baeza A, Bieringer J, Brudecki K, Bucci S, Cappai M, Carvalho FP, Connan O, Cosma C, Dalheimer A, Didier D, Depuydt G, De Geer LE, De Vismes A, Gini L, Groppi F, Gudnason K, Gurriaran R, Hainz D, Halldórsson Ó, Hammond D, Hanley O, Holeý K, Homoki Z, Ioannidou A, Isajenko K, Jankovic M, Katzlberger C, Kettunen M, Kierepko R, Kontro R, Kwakman PJ, Lecomte M, Leon Vintro L, Leppänen AP, Lind B, Lujaniene G, Mc Ginnity P, Mc Mahon C, Malá H, Manenti S, Manolopoulou M, Mattila A, Mauring A, Mietelski JW, Møller B, Nielsen SP, Nikolic J, Overwater RM, Pálsson SE, Papastefanou C, Penev I, Pham MK, Povinec PP, Ramebäck H, Reis MC, Ringer W, Rodriguez A, Rulík P, Saey PR, Samsonov V, Schlosser C, Sgorbati G, Silobritiene BV, Söderström C, Sogni R, Solier L, Sonck M, Steinhauser G, Steinkopff T, Steinmann P, Stoulos S, Sýkora I, Todorovic D, Tooloutalaie N, Tositti L, Tschiersch J, Ugron A, Vagena E, Vargas A, Wershofen H, and Zhukova O
- Subjects
- Europe, Japan, Nuclear Power Plants, Radiation Monitoring, Air Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Cesium Radioisotopes analysis, Iodine Radioisotopes analysis, Radioactive Hazard Release
- Abstract
Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere from the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) started on March 12th, 2011. Among the various radionuclides released, iodine-131 ((131)I) and cesium isotopes ((137)Cs and (134)Cs) were transported across the Pacific toward the North American continent and reached Europe despite dispersion and washout along the route of the contaminated air masses. In Europe, the first signs of the releases were detected 7 days later while the first peak of activity level was observed between March 28th and March 30th. Time variations over a 20-day period and spatial variations across more than 150 sampling locations in Europe made it possible to characterize the contaminated air masses. After the Chernobyl accident, only a few measurements of the gaseous (131)I fraction were conducted compared to the number of measurements for the particulate fraction. Several studies had already pointed out the importance of the gaseous (131)I and the large underestimation of the total (131)I airborne activity level, and subsequent calculations of inhalation dose, if neglected. The measurements made across Europe following the releases from the Fukushima NPP reactors have provided a significant amount of new data on the ratio of the gaseous (131)I fraction to total (131)I, both on a spatial scale and its temporal variation. It can be pointed out that during the Fukushima event, the (134)Cs to (137)Cs ratio proved to be different from that observed after the Chernobyl accident. The data set provided in this paper is the most comprehensive survey of the main relevant airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima reactors, measured across Europe. A rough estimate of the total (131)I inventory that has passed over Europe during this period was <1% of the released amount. According to the measurements, airborne activity levels remain of no concern for public health in Europe.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Protein metabolism and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.
- Author
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Depuydt G, Vanfleteren JR, and Braeckman BP
- Subjects
- Animals, Signal Transduction, Caenorhabditis elegans physiology, Longevity physiology, Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Lifespan of the versatile model system Caenorhabditis elegans can be extended by a decrease of insulin/IGF-1 signaling, TOR signaling, mitochondrial function, protein synthesis and dietary intake. The exact molecular mechanisms by which these modulations confer increased life expectancy are yet to be determined but increased stress resistance and improved protein homeostasis seem to be of major importance. In this chapter, we explore the interactions among several genetic pathways and cellular functions involved in lifespan extension and their relation to protein homeostasis in C. elegans. Several of these processes have been associated, however some relevant data are conflicting and further studies are needed to clarify these interactions. In mammals, protein homeostasis is also implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, many of which can be modeled in C. elegans.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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