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4. Wound Surface Area as a Risk Factor for Flap Complications among Patients with Open Fractures

Author

Bernhard Flatøy, Dominique M. Rouleau, Ripley Worman, Eric Ritchie, Brian Drew, Hilde Apold, J. Adam Smitherman, Kyle J. Jeray, P Beaumont, Kim Madden, Arjun Patil, Karine Tardif, Brad Pilkey, Cathrine Aga, Alexandre Denault, Fathima Adamsahib, Joseph O'Neill, James R. Ringler, Claude T. Moorman, Brian Mullis, Håvard Furunes, Jason Stoneback, Paul A. Martineau, S. Brennan McClure, Karyn Moon, Greg Etherington, Rejean Dumais, Ivan S. Tarkin, Stephanie L. Tanner, Terry Axelrod, Joy M. Bradford-Johnson, Chantal Théorêt, Ellen Langslet, Ali Al-Ashtari, Valda Frizzell, Ria De Gorter, Michel Malo, M.M. (Molly M.) Moore, Andrew R. Evans, Ramnov Andreson, Lauren C. Leffler, Nigar Sultana, Michelle Arakgi, Richard Freeman, Scott E Porter, John Murnaghan, Lisa K. Cannada, Joseph Alderete, Desmond Kwok, Michael D. McKee, Deepali Nassikars, Michael J. Bosse, Richard Jenkinson, Kevin Kuhn, Michael H. Weber, David R. Goetz, Robert Marien, Eric Lenczner, Katrine Milner, Gregory J. Della Rocca, Ajay Gupta, Farhad Moola, Torben Ianssen, Saam Morshed, Meir Marmor, Stephen P. Kingwell, Chetan Metha, Michael Connally, J. David Amirault, François Vézina, Oliver Muller, Joseph R. Hsu, Catherine Coady, Grant E. Garrigues, Diane Nam, Lori Kramer Clark, Taylor Vlack, J. Scott Broderick, Bang Hoang, Rebecca G. Snider, Anne Christine Brekke, Richard T. Laughlin, Ida Sletten, Lisa Buckingham, Jason Vourazeris, Gordon H. Guyatt, Darius Viskontas, Asgeir Amundsen, Travis C. Burns, Elton R Edwards, Edward J. Harvey, David Stephen, Eugene Wai, Michael R. Jabara, Andrea Garza, Austin D. Hill, Kevin R. Gurr, Stephen D. Walter, David J. Bielema, Karl D Shively, John Sadler, Mark D Macleod, Geir Aasmund Hjorthaug, Anthony Beardmore, Markku T Nousiainen, Vivek V. Jabade, Rani Rai, Kelly Trask, Julia Lee, Rena L. Stewart, Paula McKay, Emil H. Schemitsch, Sheila Sprague, Allen Diane, Sebastian Rodriguez-Elizalde, Ryan T. Bicknell, Nicolas Patenaude, Kevin L. Kirk, Paul Tornetta, Joshua A. Baumfeld, Christopher S. Bailey, Douglas G. Altman, Monica Kunz, Robert E. Turcotte, Kristen Walick, David P. Zamorano, Vinod Arora, Bernard Laliberté, Max Talbot, Jerald R. Westberg, Tore Fjalestad, Benjamin B. Barden, Chetan Prabhakar Puram, Andrew Gong, Shalini Ramasunder, Petter Iversen, R. Lee Murphy, Jean François Joncas, Timothy J. Miller, Raymond A. Pensy, Michael J. Maughon, Lori Wood, Robert G. McCormack, Dmitry Tuder, Veronica M R Wadey, Timothy Carey, Kristoff Reid, Patrick Henry, Anthony S. Rhorer, Marc André Magalhaes-Grave, Vinit Yadav, Michael J. Prayson, John Clarke-Jenssen, Vera Halvorsen, Kerry Tai, Narayan J. Karne, Stéphane Leduc, Kathryn Hornbuckle, Melissa M. Earles, Joel S. Finkelstein, Robin R. Richards, Joseph Cox, Tor Nicolaysen, Lisa Blackrick, Arthur Kreitenberg, Aaron T. Creek, Debra L. Sietsema, Peder Bogsti, Mark Glazebrook, Donna Lopez, Martin Bédard, Michael L. Beckish, Jonathan Kwong, Peter A. Siska, John A. Tanksley, Brett D. Crist, François Cabana, Mary Fan, Annie Deshaies, Debra Bartley, Nurit Shadmi, Wesley G. Lackey, Henry Ahn, Rachel M. Reilly, Linda K. Anderson, Dustin M. Price, Frede Frihagen, Brian E. Brigman, David Nelles, Mickey S Cho, Jeff Anglen, Kevin K. Kruse, Melanie MacNevin, Jonathan L. Foret, Jan Egil Brattgjerd, John F. Tilzey, Garland K. Gudger, Steve Rocha, G. Yves Laflamme, Kelly L. Apostle, Utku Kandemir, Aaron Nauth, Ivan Wong, Brian J. Miller, Rudy Reindl, Krishan Rajaratnam, Marie Eve Roger, William D. Fisher, Ash Moaveni, Patrick Yoon, David Sanders, Julia Foxall, Otis Wang, Shea A. Bielby, Maria Manson, Yvonne M. Murtha, Nikoletta Leontaritis, Russell Miller, Terrence J. Endres, Andrew H. Schmidt, Laurie Barron, David Alexander, Dennis W. Mann, H. Michael Lemke, Benjamin S. Koch, Gilbert Ortega, Nikia Hawkins Malone, Rina L. Harman, A. Navaladi Shankar, Parag Sancheti, Mauri Zomar, Dave Brown, Matthan Mammen, Dana J. Farrell, Piotr A Blachut, John D. Adams, Zoe Murdoch, Tom Treseder, Scott T. Watson, Fredrik Nilsen, Matthew Denkers, Wade Gofton, Jennifer Downey, Raymond Topp, Garth Johnson, Sissel Knuts, Raman Johal, Prerana N. Patel, Harvinder Bedi, Milena R. Vicente, Michael Tanzer, Markus Bischoff, Anders Lippert, Pascale Lévesque-Bernier, Hélène Côté, Brian Jolley, Gilbert Moatshe, Christina Tieszer, Richard C. Mather, Roman Trimba, Mohit Bhandari, Henry M Broekhuyse, Janos P. Ertl, Patrick M. Osborn, Michael Biddulph, Neeraj Jain, Grant W. Bennett, Gerard P. Slobogean, Samuel B. Adams, Kelly M. Sullivan, Atul Patil, Warren Kactmas, Mahesh Bhatia, Murat Pekmezci, Siraj Sayeed, David S. Ruch, Lawrence K. O'Malley, Jonas Rydinge, Michael Charlton, Michael S. Kain, Vivek Tyagi, Kathleen Markley, Rajiv Gandhi, Pierre Ranger, Mathias Russ, Dale Williams, Peter Jarzem, Lauren A. Nastoff, Craig Donohue, Gunnar B. Flugsrud, Bernard LaRue, Shelley MacDonald, Trevor Stone, Amy Svotelis, Stéphane Pelet, Mark J. Lemos, Michael Gross, Dean C. Taylor, Matthew Ross, Luc Petitclerc, Robert K. Lark, Jane E. Walker, Pierre Lavallée, Wesley Ghent, Fraser J. Leversedge, C. Glen Richardson, Deanna Lawson, Martin Tynan, Eric Meinberg, Stephen Doig, Jason A. Lowe, Veronica Place, Tim Dwyer, Jeffrey T. Leary, J Andrew I Trenholm, Andrew Chia, William M. Oxner, Richard Holtby, Thomas F. Varecka, Justin W. Langan, Ted Tufescu, Melanese Leonard, Lu Ton, Jeremy A. Hall, S. Samuel Bederman, Steve Csongvay, Bertrand Perey, Adam Dowrick, Stephen H. Finley, Steven A. Olson, Katherine M. Bedigrew, James P. Stannard, Phelan Shea, Leslie Dillender, Dory Boyer, Damian Rispoli, Ashley Carr, Steven Papp, Trigg McClellan, Clifford B. Jones, Erik Nott, Nitin N. Bhatia, Deeba Pourmand, Kelly A Lefaivre, Michael J. Dunbar, Peter J O'Brien, Luc Bédard, Chad P. Coles, Doug Li, Drew Bednar, Albert Yee, Bill Ristevski, Tod Gerlinger, Benoit Benoit, Aaron R. Campbell, Mette Renate Andersen, James P. Waddell, Jean Lamontagne, David A. Volgas, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Andrew J. Marcantonio, Alison P. Toth, David R. Pichora, Min Zhan, Harsha Malempati, Lars Nordsletten, Richard W. Gurich, Kiran M. Doshi, Robert J. Teasdall, Earl R. Bogoch, Matthew D. Karam, David M. Conner, Hans J. Kreder, Guri Ranum Ekås, Dylan J. Watson, Linda Lépine, Tanya Nix, Chris Graham, Tigist Belaye, Are Haukåen Stødle, Aravin Duraikannan, John Magne Hoseth, Nathan N O'Hara, Erick G. Torres, Elise Berg Vesterhus, Anthony E. Johnson, William Min, Michael Ford, Leslie Barnes, Jessica Goldstein, Anil Rai, Samuel G. Agnew, Thomas M. Schaller, Hamish Curry, S. Matthew Hollenbeck, Lorra M. Sharp, Fiona Howells, Abdel Lawendy, Donald Gajewski, Richard Coughlin, Max Esser, Chard Harbour, Stéphane Ricard, Gerald Reardon, Luc Lemire, Julie Fournier, Raely Moon, Brad Petrisor, James R. Ficke, Greg Berry, David Johnston, Allan Hammond, Jennifer T. Hidy, K. Rai, Daniel B. Whelan, Marius Molund, John S. Garfi, Greg Maytok, R. Saravana, Eugene Ek, Matthew Robinson, Emily Keener, Mark Burman, Frédéric Balg, Jeffrey O. Anglen, Fiona Houghton, Stacee W. Clawson, Morten Smedsrud, Claire Sage, Ross Leighton, Timothy R. Daniels, Lyle T. Jackson, Susan Liew, Neelam Jhangiani, Anoop Dubey, Richard M. Wilk, Robert D. Zura, Julian Sernik, Kim Hemlock, and Michael P. Bolognesi

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Soft Tissue Injuries, Limb salvage, Treatment outcome, Aftercare, Wound surface, Surgical Flaps, Fractures, Open, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Aged, integumentary system, business.industry, Open surgery, Trauma center, Middle Aged, Limb Salvage, Surgery, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Shock (circulatory), Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Copyright © 2018 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Background: Soft-tissue complications often dictate the success of limb salvage and the overall outcome of open fractures. Based on prior work at the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the authors hypothesize that wounds larger than 200 cm2 are associated with a greater likelihood of both flap-related reoperation and wound complications among patients requiring soft-tissue reconstruction with a rotational flap or free tissue transfer. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of Fluid Lavage in Open Wounds trial data that included all patients who received a rotational or free tissue flap transfer for an open fracture. The primary outcome was flap-related reoperation within 12 months of injury. The secondary outcome was wound complication, which included events treated operatively or nonoperatively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between wound size and outcomes, adjusting for confounders. Results: Seventeen percent of the 112 patients required a flap-related reoperation. A wound size greater than 200 cm2 was not associated with reoperation in an unadjusted model (p = 0.64) or adjusting for Gustilo type (p = 0.70). The sample had an overall wound complication rate of 47.3 percent. Patients with a wound size of greater than 200 cm2 were three times more likely to experience wound complications (OR, 3.05; 95 percent CI, 1.08 to 8.62; p = 0.04) when adjusting for moderate to severe wound contamination and wound closure in the operating room. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that wound surface area is an integral determinant for wound complication following soft-tissue flap treatment, but found no association between wound surface area and flap-related reoperation rates.

Published
2018
Full Text
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5. Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for Elderly Patients with a Femoral Neck Fracture

Author

Paul T.P.W. Burgers, Rudolf W Poolman, Theodorus MJ Van Bakel, Wim E Tuinebreijer, Stephanie M Zielinski, Mohit Bhandari, Peter Patka, Esther MM Van Lieshout, P J Devereaux, Gordon H Guyatt, Thomas A Einhorn, Lehana Thabane, Emil H Schemitsch, Kenneth J Koval, Frede Frihagen, Kevin Tetsworth, Ernesto Guerra-Farfan, Stephen D Walter, Sheila Sprague, Marilyn Swinton, Taryn Scott, Paula McKay, Kim Madden, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Lisa Buckingham, Aravin Duraikannan, Heather Silva, Martin J Heetveld, Robert D Zura, Victoria Avram, Ajay Manjoo, Dale Williams, John Antoniou, Tim Ramsay, Earl R Bogoch, Andrew Trenholm, Stephen Lyman, Madhu Mazumdar, Kevin J Bozic, Mark Luborsky, Stuart Goodman, Susan Muray, Rob Korley, Richard Buckley, Paul Duffy, Shannon Puloski, Kimberly Carcary, Melissa Lorenzo, Michael D McKee, Jeremy A Hall, Aaron Nauth, Daniel Whelan, Timothy R Daniels, James P Waddell, Henry Ahn, Milena R Vicente, Jennifer T Hidy, Melanie T MacNevin, Hans Kreder, Terry Axelrod, Richard Jenkinson, Markku Nousiainen, David Stephen, Veronica Wadey, Monica Kunz, Katrine Milner, Ria Cagaanan, Melanie MacNevin, Peter J O’Brien, Piotr A Blachut, Henry M Broekhuyse, Pierre Guy, Kelly A Lefaivre, Gerard P Slobogean, Raman Johal, Irene Leung, Chad Coles, Ross Leighton, C. Glen Richardson, Michael Biddulph, Michael Gross, Michael Dunbar, J. David Amirault, David Alexander, Catherine Coady, Mark Glazebrook, David Johnston, William Oxner, Gerald Reardon, Ivan Wong, Kelly Trask, Shelley MacDonald, Andrew Furey, Craig Stone, Minnie Parsons, Trevor Stone, Mauri Zomar, Robert McCormack, Kelly Apostle, Dory Boyer, Farhad Moola, Bertrand Perey, Darius Viskontas, Karyn Moon, Raely Moon, Yves Laflamme, Benoit Benoit, Pierre Ranger, Michel Malo, Julio Fernandes, Karine Tardif, Julie Fournier, Pascal André Vendittoli, Vincent Massé, Alain G Roy, Martin Lavigne, Daniel Lusignan, Craig Davis, Philip Stull, Stewart Weinerman, Peter Weingarten, Steven Lindenbaum, Michael Hewitt, Rebecca Danielwicz, Janell Baker, Michael Mont, Donald E Delanois, Bhaveen Kapadia, Kimona Issa, Marylou Mullen, Andrew Sems, Barb Foreman, Javad Parvizi, Tiffany Morrison, Courtland Lewis, Stephanie Caminiti, Paul Tornetta, William R Creevy, Michelle J Lespasio, Hope Carlisle, Andrew Marcantonio, Michael Kain, Lawrence Specht, John Tilzey, John Garfi, Samir Mehta, John L Esterhai, Jaimo Ahn, Derek Donegan, Annamarie Horan, Kelly McGinnis, James Roberson, Thomas Bradbury, Greg Erens, Kyle Webb, Brian Mullis, Karl Shively, Andrew Parr, Janos Ertl, Ripley Worman, Mark Webster, Judd Cummings, Valda Frizzell, Molly Moore, Clifford B Jones, James R Ringler, Debra L Sietsema, Jane E Walker, Enes Kanlic, Amr Abdelgawad, Juan Shunia, Charles DePaolo, Susan Sutherland, Rachel Alosky, Robert Zura, Maria Manson, Gregg Strathy, Kathleen Peter, Paul Johnson, Meaghan Morton, James Shaer, Tyson Schrickel, Barbara Hileman, Marina Hanes, Elisha Chance, E. Matthew Heinrich, David Dodgin, Michele LaBadie, David Zamorano, Martin Tynan, Ran Schwarzkopf, John A Scolaro, Ranjan Gupta, Samuel Bederman, Nitin Bhatia, Bang Hoang, Douglas Kiester, Neil Jones, Gregory Rafijah, Damon Alavekios, Jason Lee, Akshay Mehta, Steven Schroder, Tom Chao, Vincent Colin, Phuc (Phil) Dang, Stephen Keun Heng, Gregory Lopez, Samuel Galle, Sohrab Pahlavan, Duy L Phan, Minal Tapadia, Christopher Bui, Nickul Jain, Tyler Moore, Nathan Moroski, Deeba Pourmand, Erik N Kubiak, Jeremy Gililland, David Rothberg, Christopher Peters, Christopher Pelt, Ami R Stuart, Kirby Corbey, Franklin D Shuler, James Day, Tigran Garabekyan, Felix Cheung, Ali Oliashirazi, Jonathon Salava, Linda Morgan, Timothy Wilson-Byrne, Mary Beth Cordle, Leon H.G.J. Elmans, Joost A.A.M. van den Hout, Adrianus JP Joosten, Ad FA van Beurden, Stefan BT Bolder, Denise Eygendaal, Adrianus F.C.M. Moonen, Rutger CI van Geenen, Eric A Hoebink, Robert Wagenmakers, Wouter van Helden, Hans-Peter W van Jonbergen, Herbert Roerdink, Joost M Reuver, Alexander FW Barnaart, Elvira R Flikweert, Rover Krips, J. Bernard Mullers, Hans Schüller, Mark LM Falke, Frans J Kurek, Adrianus CH Slingerland, Jan P van Dijk, Wouter H van Helden, Hugo W Bolhuis, Pieter HJ Bullens, Mike Hogervorst, Karin E de Kroon, Rob H Jansen, Ferry Steenstra, Eric EJ Raven, W. Peter J Fontijne, Saskia C Wiersma, Bastiaan Boetes, Edgar JT ten Holder, Huub JL van der Heide, Jochem Nagels, Enrike H.M.J. van der Linden-van der Zwaag, Stefan B Keizer, Jan-Willem A Swen, Peter HC den Hollander, Bregje JW Thomassen, Willem Jan Kleyn Molekamp, Frank R.A.J. de Meulemeester, Arthur EB Kleipool, Robert Haverlag, Maarten P Simons, Eduard L.A.R. Mutsaerts, Rob Kooijman, Roelf R Postema, René J.T.M. Bleker, Harald IH Lampe, Lein Schuman, John Cheung, Frank van Bommel, W. Paul Winia, Daniel Haverkamp, Harm van der Vis, Peter A Nolte, Michel PJ van den Bekerom, Tjitte de Jong, Arthur van Noort, Diederik A Vergroesen, Bernard G Schutte, Harm M van der Vis, Lijkele Beimers, Jasper de Vries, Arthur W Zurcher, G.H. Rob Albers, Maarten Rademakers, Stefan Breugem, Ibo van der Haven, Pieter Jan Damen, Gythe H Bulstra, Martin M Campo, Mathijs P Somford, Daniël Haverkamp, Susan Liew, Harvinder Bedi, Ashley Carr, Andrew Chia, Steve Csongvay, Craig Donohue, Stephen Doig, Elton Edwards, Max Esser, Richard Freeman, Andrew Gong, Doug Li, Russell Miller, Lu Ton, Otis Wang, Ian Young, Adam Dowrick, Zoe Murdoch, Claire Sage, Richard Page, David Bainbridge, Richard Angliss, Ben Miller, Andrew Thomson, Graeme Brown, Simon Williams, Kevin Eng, David Bowyer, John Skelley, Chatar Goyal, Sally Beattie, Enrique Guerado, Encarnacion Cruz, Juan Ramon Cano, Miguel Angel Froufe, Lluis Marull Serra, Samer Al-dirra, Cristina Martinez, Francisco José Tarazona Santabalbina, Jordi Teixidor Serra, Jordi Tomas Hernandez, Marc Aguilar Garcia, Vicente Molero Garcia, Sergi Barrera, Miriam Garrido, Lars Nordsletten, John Clarke-Jenssen, Geir Hjorthaug, Anne Christine Brekke, Elise Berg Vesterhus, Ingunn Skaugrud, Pradeep Tripathi, Sandesh Katiyar, Preksha Shukla, Marc Swiontkowski, Gordon Guyatt, Kyle Jeray, Stephen Walter, Helena Viveiros, Victoria Truong, Kaitlin Koo, Qi Zhou, Deborah Maddock, Nicole Simunovic, Julie Agel, Amar Rangan, Birgit C Hanusch, Lucksy Kottam, Rachel Clarkson, Gregory J Della Rocca, Gerard Slobogean, Jeffrey Katz, Brenda Gillespie, Gail A Greendale, Curtis Hartman, Craig Rubin, James Waddell, H. Michael Lemke, Amber Oatt, Richard E Buckley, Robert Korley, Kelly Johnston, James Powell, David Sanders, Abdel Lawendy, Christina Tieszer, John Murnaghan, Diane Nam, Albert Yee, Daniel B Whelan, Lisa M Wild, Ryan M Khan, Cathy Coady, David Amirault, Glen Richardson, Gwen Dobbin, Ryan Bicknell, Jeff Yach, Davide Bardana, Gavin Wood, Mark Harrison, David Yen, Sue Lambert, Fiona Howells, Angela Ward, Paul Zalzal, Heather Brien, V Naumetz, Brad Weening, Eugene K Wai, Steve Papp, Wade T Gofton, Stephen P Kingwell, Garth Johnson, Joseph O’Neil, Darren M Roffey, Vivian Borsella, Todd M Oliver, Vicki Jones, Terrence J Endres, Samuel G Agnew, Kyle J Jeray, J. Scott Broderick, David R Goetz, Thomas B Pace, Thomas M Schaller, Scott E Porter, Stephanie L Tanner, Rebecca G Snider, Lauren A Nastoff, Shea A Bielby, Julie A Switzer, Peter A Cole, Sarah A Anderson, Paul M Lafferty, Mengnai Li, Thuan V Ly, Scott B Marston, Amy L Foley, Sandy Vang, David M Wright, Andrew J Marcantonio, Michael SH Kain, Richard Iorio, Lawrence M Specht, John F Tilzey, Margaret J Lobo, John S Garfi, Heather A Vallier, Andrea Dolenc, Chalitha Robinson, Michael J Prayson, Richard Laughlin, L. Joseph Rubino, Jedediah May, Geoffrey Ryan Rieser, Liz Dulaney-Cripe, Chris Gayton, John T Gorczyca, Jonathan M Gross, Catherine A Humphrey, Stephen Kates, Krista Noble, Allison W McIntyre, Kaili Pecorella, Craig A Davis, Stephen Lindenbaum, John Schwappach, Janell K Baker, Tori Rutherford, Heike Newman, Shane Lieberman, Erin Finn, Kristin Robbins, Meghan Hurley, Lindsey Lyle, Khalis Mitchell, Kieran Browner, Erica Whatley, Krystal Payton, Christina Reeves, Lisa K Cannada, David Karges, Leslie Hill, John Esterhai, Annamarie D Horan, Christine A Kaminski, Brynn N Kowalski, Jonathan P Keeve, Christopher G Anderson, Michael D McDonald, Jodi M Hoffman, Ivan Tarkin, Peter Siska, Gary Gruen, Andrew Evans, Dana J Farrell, James Irrgang, Arlene Luther, William W Cross, Joseph R Cass, Stephen A Sems, Michael E Torchia, Tyson Scrabeck, Mark Jenkins, Jules Dumais, Amanda W Romero, Carlos A Sagebien, Mark S Butler, James T Monica, Patricia Seuffert, Joseph R Hsu, James Ficke, Michael Charlton, Matthew Napierala, Mary Fan, Chadi Tannoury, Michael Archdeacon, Ryan Finnan, Toan Le, John Wyrick, Shelley Hess, Michael L Brennan, Robert Probe, Evelyn Kile, Kelli Mills, Lydia Clipper, Michelle Yu, Katie Erwin, Daniel Horwitz, Kent Strohecker, Teresa K Swenson, Andrew H Schmidt, Jerald R Westberg, Kamran Aurang, Gary Zohman, Brett Peterson, Roger B Huff, Joseph Baele, Timothy Weber, Matt Edison, Jessica McBeth, Janos P Ertl, J. Andrew Parr, Molly M Moore, Erin Tobias, Emily Thomas, Charles J DePaolo, Leslie E Shell, Lynne Hampton, Stephanie Shepard, Tracy Nanney, Claudine Cuento, Robert V Cantu, Eric R Henderson, Linda S Eickhoff, E. Mark Hammerberg, Philip Stahel, David Hak, Cyril Mauffrey, Douglas Gibula, Hannah Gissel, Corey Henderson, David P Zamorano, Martin C Tynan, Deanna Lawson, Brett D Crist, Yvonne M Murtha, Linda K Anderson, Colleen Linehan, Lindsey Pilling, Courtland G Lewis, Raymond J Sullivan, Elizabeth Roper, William Obremskey, Philip Kregor, Justin E Richards, Kenya Stringfellow, Michael P Dohm, Abby Zellar, Michiel JM Segers, Jacco AC Zijl, Bart Verhoeven, Anke B Smits, Jean Paul PM de Vries, Bram Fioole, Henk van der Hoeven, Evert BM Theunissen, Tammo S de Vries Reilingh, Lonneke Govaert, Philippe Wittich, Maurits de Brauw, Jan Wille, Peter M.N.Y.M. Go, Ewan D Ritchie, Ronald N Wessel, Eric R Hammacher, Gijs A Visser, Heyn Stockmann, Rob Silvis, Jaap P Snellen, Bram Rijbroek, Joris JG Scheepers, Erik GJ Vermeulen, Michiel PC Siroen, Ronald Vuylsteke, Hans LF Brom, Herman Rijna, Piet AR de Rijcke, Cees L Koppert, Steven E Buijk, Richard PR Groenendijk, Imro Dawson, Geert WM Tetteroo, Milko MM Bruijninckx, Pascal G Doornebosch, Eelco JR de Graaf, Maarten van der Elst, Carmen C van der Pol, Martijne van’t Riet, Tom M Karsten, Mark R de Vries, Laurents PS Stassen, Niels WL Schep, G Ben Schmidt, W H Hoffman, Frank H.W.M. van der Heijden, W. Jaap Willems, Cor P van der Hart, Kahn Turckan, Sebastiaan Festen, Frank de Nies, Nico JM Out, Jan Bosma, Albert van Kampen, Jan Biert, Arie B van Vugt, Michael JR Edwards, Taco J Blokhuis, Jan Paul M Frölke, Leo MG Geeraedts, Jean WM Gardeniers, Edward T.C.H. Tan, Lodewijk M.S.J. Poelhekke, Maarten C de Waal Malefijt, Bart Schreurs, Gert R Roukema, Hong A Josaputra, Paul Keller, Peter D de Rooij, Hans Kuiken, Han Boxma, Berry I Cleffken, Ronald Liem, Steven J Rhemrev, Coks HR Bosman, Alexander de Mol van Otterloo, Jochem Hoogendoorn, Alexander C de Vries, Sven AG Meylaerts, Michiel HJ Verhofstad, Joost Meijer, Teun van Egmond, Igor van der Brand, Martin G Eversdijk, Rolf Peters, Dennis Den Hartog, Oscar JF Van Waes, Pim Oprel, Martin Campo, Ronald Verhagen, G.H. Robert Albers, Rogier KJ Simmermacher, Jeroen van Mulken, Karlijn van Wessem, Steven M van Gaalen, Luke PH Leenen, Maarten W.G.A. Bronkhorst, Onno R Guicherit, J. Carel Goslings, Kees Jan Ponsen, Mahesh Bhatia, Vinod Arora, Vivek Tyagi, Ajay Gupta, Neeraj Jain, Farah Khan, Ateet Sharma, Amir Sanghavi, Mittal Trivedi, Anil Rai, null Subash, Kamal Rai, Vineet Yadav, Sanjay Singh, Amal Shankar Prasad, Vimlesh Mishra, D C Sundaresh, Angshuman Khanna, Joe Joseph Cherian, Davy J Olakkengil, Gaurav Sharma, Akhil Dadi, Naveen Palla, Utsav Ganguly, B. Sachidananda Rai, Janakiraman Rajakumar, Peter Hull, Sophie Lewis, Simone Evans, Rajesh Nanda, Rajanikanth Logishetty, Sanjeev Anand, Carol Bowler, Andrew Jennings, Graham Chuter, Glynis Rose, Gillian Horner, Callum Clark, Kate Eke, Mike Reed, Chris Herriott, Christine Dobb, Hamish Curry, Greg Etherington, Arvind Jain, Ash Moaveni, Matthias Russ, Geoff Donald, Patrick Weinrauch, Paul Pincus, Steven Yang, Brett Halliday, Trevor Gervais, Michael Holt, Annette Flynn, Marinis Pirpiris, David Love, Andrew Bucknill, Richard J Farrugia, Torben Ianssen, Asgeir Amundsen, Jan Egil Brattgjerd, Tor Borch, Berthe Bøe, Bernhard Flatøy, Sondre Hasselund, Knut Jørgen Haug, Kim Hemlock, Tor Magne Hoseth, Geir Jomaas, Thomas Kibsgård, Tarjei Lona, Gilbert Moatshe, Oliver Müller, Marius Molund, Tor Nicolaisen, Fredrik Nilsen, Jonas Rydinge, Morten Smedsrud, Are Stødle, Axel Trommer, Stein Ugland, Anders Karlsten, Guri Ekås, Hans-Christoph Pape, Matthias Knobe, Roman Pfeifer, Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Other departments, Surgery, Other Research, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Emergency Medicine

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, WOMAC, Abstracting and Indexing, Osteoarthritis, Cronbach's alpha, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Clinical significance, Femoral neck, Aged, 80 and over, Ontario, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Construct validity, General Medicine, medicine.disease, RELIABILITY VALIDITY, Femoral Neck Fractures, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 10], Clinical trial, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 10], medicine.anatomical_structure, Physical therapy, Female, Surgery, business
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) has been extensively evaluated in groups of patients with osteoarthritis, yet not in patients with a femoral neck fracture. This study aimed to determine the reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the WOMAC compared with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) and the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) questionnaires for the assessment of elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture. METHODS: Reliability was tested by assessing the Cronbach alpha. Construct validity was determined with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Change scores were calculated from ten weeks to twelve months of follow-up. Standardized response means and floor and ceiling effects were determined. Analyses were performed to compare the results for patients less than eighty years old with those for patients eighty years of age or older. RESULTS: The mean WOMAC total score was 89 points before the fracture in the younger patients and increased from 70 points at ten weeks to 81 points at two years postoperatively. In the older age group, these scores were 86, 75, and 78 points. The mean WOMAC pain scores before the fracture and at ten weeks and two years postoperatively were 92, 76, and 87 points, respectively, in the younger age group and 92, 84, and 93 points in the older age group. Function scores were 89, 68, and 79 points for the younger age group and 84, 71, and 73 points for the older age group. The Cronbach alpha for pain, stiffness, function, and the total scale ranged from 0.83 to 0.98 for the younger age group and from 0.79 to 0.97 for the older age group. Construct validity was good, with 82% and 79% of predefined hypotheses confirmed in the younger and older age groups, respectively. Responsiveness was moderate. No floor effects were found. Moderate to large ceiling effects were found for pain and stiffness scales at ten weeks and twelve months in younger patients (18% to 36%) and in the older age group (38% to 53%). CONCLUSIONS: The WOMAC showed good reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness in both age groups of elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture who had been physically and mentally fit before the fracture. The instrument is suitable for use in future clinical studies in these populations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results are based on two clinical trials. The questionnaires used concern pure, clinically relevant issues (ability to walk, climb stairs, etc.). Moreover, the results can be used for future research comparing clinical outcomes (or treatments) for populations with a femoral neck fracture.

Published
2015

6. Getting What You Need From the Hospital to Succeed as a Traumatologist

Author

Clifford B. Jones and Samuel G. Agnew

Subjects
Employment, medicine.medical_specialty, Career Choice, business.industry, Mentors, General Medicine, medicine.disease, United States, Orthopedics, Hospital Administration, Job Description, Traumatology, Emergency medicine, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Medical emergency, Orthopaedic trauma, business
Abstract

Currently, the market for orthopaedic trauma surgeons is varied. The market consists of university employed, university private, medical group employed, medical group private, private employed, private contracted, and private. Each option has its positives and negatives. The orthopaedic trauma surgeon needs to determine which setting is appropriate for his/her given needs and wants. An experienced mentor(s) is invaluable for advice and guidance. The surgeon then needs to find an administrative leader to initiate, implement, and evaluate certain processes to succeed.

Published
2013
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7. Orthopaedic Trauma Career and Employment Horizons

Author

Samuel G. Agnew and Bryan J. Warren

Subjects
Employment, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Hospitals, Community, Traumatology, Business model, Destinations, Organizational Objectives, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Orthopaedic trauma, media_common, Medical education, Career Choice, business.industry, General Medicine, Career Mobility, Identification (information), Orthopedics, Service (economics), Workforce, Orthopedic surgery, Surgery, business
Abstract

The trauma opportunities: The numbers are 260 verified sites (American College of Surgeons), 1100 Centers performing as Regional or Community Trauma Centers currently in the continental 48 states, and 3256 hospitals performing in-patient orthopaedic surgery. Orthopaedic trauma surgeons still represent10% of the total national surgeon complement. This component speaks to the demand side. Presently, there are60 Traumatology Fellows annually. This represents the supply side that has the potential to graduate in 2013 and beyond. These individuals face a wide variety of career options not previously available to past generations, but one has to know the business model differentiators to be successful: employed-employee (most common, least sustainable historically); employed-partner; partner-contract for service; partner-private practice; private practice-hospital partner (least common, most productive).

Published
2012
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9. Vaginal prostaglandin gel to induce labour in women with one previous caesarean section

Author

Michael J. Turner and G Agnew

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Vaginal birth, medicine.medical_treatment, Prostaglandin, Dinoprostone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pregnancy, Oxytocics, Spontaneous labour, Humans, Medicine, Caesarean section, Labor, Induced, music, Retrospective Studies, Gynecology, music.instrument, business.industry, Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Vaginal Birth after Cesarean, Uterine rupture, Administration, Intravaginal, chemistry, Lower segment caesarean section, Female, business
Abstract

This retrospective study reviewed the mode of delivery when vaginal prostaglandins were used to induce labour in women with a single previous lower segment caesarean section. Over a 4-year period, PGE 2 gel was used cautiously in low doses in 54 women. Induction with PGE 2 gel was associated with an overall vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) rate of 74%, which compared favourably with the 74% VBAC rate in women who went into spontaneous labour (n = 1969). There were no adverse outcomes recorded after the prostaglandin inductions but the number reported are too small to draw any conclusions about the risks, such as uterine rupture. We report our results because they may be helpful in assessing the chances of a successful VBAC in the uncommon clinical circumstances where prostaglandin induction is being considered.

Published
2009
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10. Tibial plateau fractures

Author

Samuel G. Agnew

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Preoperative planning, Surgical approach, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Surgery, External fixation, Ligament repair, Distraction, medicine, Surgical equipment, Fluoroscopy, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Radiology, Implant, business
Abstract

Tibial plateau fractures are a common injury; however, high-energy, complex proximal tibial fractures lack the samelongitudinal database. The basic tenets of fracture care must be strictly adhered to for successful joint: reconstruction. Specifically, maximum visualization of the joint surface must be obtained but with a minimum of surgical devascularization of the proximal tibia. The use of multiple surgical approaches, as well as an advanced array of actual surgical equipment, is necessary. There are a variety of surgical tactics that should be used for additional visualization. Joint distraction and direct visualization are felt to be superior to fluoroscopic evaluation alone. The best overall surgical tactic is dependent on the surgeons familiarity with the pathology of the fracture and the implant itself. Advances in implant and external fixation design have expanded the anatomic envelope for stabilization. The adjunctive role of radiology is felt to be invaluable for preoperative planning. Computed tomography and an intraoperative assessment of the reconstruction with the use of fluoroscopy is invaluable. Joint reconstruction, ligament repair or reconstruction, and restoration of overall limb alignment are the surgical goals that must be achieved early in the care of tibial plateau fractures. These injuries are the result of high impact to the limb and therefore have a high incidence of associated injuries and complications. The surgical plans must always consider the likelihood of these associated events to lessen their morbidity.

Published
1999
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13. Real-world solutions for orthopaedic on-call problems

Author

Samuel G, Agnew, Robert H, Blotter, Paul K, Kosmatka, and Guy J, Rudin

Subjects
Emergency Medical Services, Orthopedics, After-Hours Care, Hospitalists, Physicians, Practice Management, Medical, Humans, Workload, Contract Services, Emergency Service, Hospital, Quality of Health Care
Abstract

An increasing percentage of emergency departments are reporting an inadequate number of on-call specialists. This situation is causing a growing crisis in emergency department on-call coverage for patients requiring orthopaedic care. Many orthopaedic surgeons are electing to opt out of emergency department on-call service. For many reasons, including a dwindling supply of eager participants, more medical groups are finding it difficult to fulfill their on-call obligations. This problem demands a variety of strategies to address the multiple causative factors that occur in practice settings. Initially, it may be necessary to incentivize on-call service so more surgeons are willing to participate. Incentives may include improving the group governance and bylaws to avoid confusion on the rules for providing on-call coverage. The on-call experience may require financial improvements, outsourcing with locum tenens, or a complete restructuring of the on-call arrangement with the formation of a hospitalist program.

Published
2012

14. Measurement ofαsfrom energy-energy correlations at theZ0resonance

Author

G. Baranko, S. L. White, E. Church, T. Junk, S. Hedges, R. S. Panvini, A. W. Weidemann, R. J. Belcinski, W. J. Wisniewski, R.J. Plano, L.S. Rochester, Y. Iwasaki, T. L. Usher, H. Park, S. J. Yellin, N.M. Krishna, R. Prepost, P.F. Jacques, M. Kowitt, Piero Giorgio Verdini, M. Pauluzzi, J. D. Richman, Giancarlo Mantovani, J. Va’vra, H. Hwang, D. G. Hitlin, D. J. Sherden, T. Nagamine, Nicola Bacchetta, D. O. Caldwell, R. S. Kofler, D. W. G. S. Leith, Koya Abe, G. Eigen, A. D'Oliverira, P. Coyle, E. Torrance, Roberto Battiston, C. Baltay, A. S. Johnson, H. Masuda, P. C. Rowson, Philip Burrows, H. Yuta, J. M. Yamartino, W. A. Majid, Stephen Watts, J. A. Coller, Shiro Suzuki, T. Hansl-Kozanecka, M. Nussbaum, G. Mueller, J. Carr, S. Smith, Wit Busza, K. T. Pitts, Melody A. Swartz, P. Saez, R. Steiner, G. Blaylock, S. Gonzalez, J.P. Venuti, B. Camanzi, Hyun-Chul Kim, J. A. Snyder, D. J. Mellor, G. Mancinelli, P. M. Mockett, M. Langston, A. Lu, M. H. Kelsey, I. Stockdale, O. Bardon, Maurizio Biasini, D. L. Burke, C.J.S. Damerell, R. J. Wilson, Michael S. Witherell, S. Kaiser, Michael J. Fero, J. Ma, G. Agnew, B. Meadows, R. Cotton, X. Liu, W. M. Bugg, S. S. Hertzbach, V. Cook, R. de Sangro, Joseph Izen, K. Furuno, M. Carpinelli, G. H. Zapalac, Yukio Hasegawa, K.C. Moffeit, U. Schneekloth, I. Karliner, M. G. Strauss, Dominik Müller, L. Servoli, T. Maruyama, J.I. Friedman, A. Seiden, M. Cavalli-Sforza, G. Hallewell, Henry W. Kendall, G. B. Word, Elliot Hughes, F. Suekane, S. L. Shapiro, J. Wyss, C. C. Young, U. Nauenberg, G. M. Bilei, G. R. Bower, L. Chen, D. G. Coyne, T. H. Burnett, James Shank, Amitabh Lath, A. Gillman, J. J. Thaler, R. Claus, R. K. Yamamoto, B. I. Eisenstein, C. Zeitlin, M. H. Shaevitz, Andrea Castro, A. K. Honma, R.D. Elia, M. D. Hildreth, G. E. Gladding, O. H. Saxton, T. Bolton, R. H. Schindler, Sridhara Dasu, Roberto Dell'Orso, H. R. Band, A. Szumilo, L. Piemontese, Gilbert Shapiro, Thomas W. Markiewicz, J. Rothberg, I. Abt, Alberto Benvenuti, M. Kalelkar, R. Verdier, W. W. Ash, Enrico Pieroni, E. L. Hart, H. Kawahara, Fred Wickens, R. Kroeger, J. E. Brau, P. Zucchelli, Dario Bisello, J. F. Labs, S. Willocq, A. Calcaterra, A. O. Bazarko, T. Schalk, J. F. McGowan, T. W. Reeves, H. L. Lynch, H. M. Steiner, C. Vannini, S. H. Williams, N. Toge, D.C. Schultz, T. Bienz, A. Sugiyama, P. De Simone, M.D. Sokoloff, R. King, J. J. Russell, Y. C. Du, J. A. Lauber, W. Dunwoodie, L.S. Osborne, M. Loreti, J. A. Jaros, John Scott Whitaker, J. Quigley, D. Aston, R. A. Johnson, A. Santocchia, T. Takahashi, L. Rosenson, F. E. Taylor, D. Calloway, Stephen Robert Wagner, B. N. Ratcliff, C. Simopoulos, M.E. Huffer, J. R. Bogart, P. E. Stamer, C. Fan, T.J. Pavel, R. Frey, S. De Simone, F. Perrier, G. B. Chadwick, J. R. Johnson, R. Kajikawa, P. D. Acton, P. C. Kim, I. M. Peruzzi, R. E. Cassell, P.E. Rensing, R. Cowan, A. Bean, Yeong-Dae Kwon, A. P. Waite, K.G. Baird, B. Mours, David A. Williams, A. K. McKemey, B. A. Schumm, J. D. Turk, S. Manly, H. A. Neal, Richard Dubois, Michele Gallinaro, R. W. Zdarko, M.E. King, R. Messner, E. Vella, J. Huber, M. Petradza, M. Turcotte, R. Ben-David, J. Zhou, M. Woods, Rino Castaldi, H. O. Cohn, G. D. Punkar, M. Tecchio, R. J. Morrison, L. Pescara, D. C. Williams, Martin Breidenbach, C. Y. Prescott, D. Su, E. Mazzuícato, M. Piccolo, and K. Hasegawa

Subjects
Coupling constant, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Statistics::Theory, Particle physics, Statistics::Applications, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Coupling (probability), 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, 0103 physical sciences, Order (group theory), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Perturbation theory, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing), Boson
Abstract

We determine the strong coupling ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}$ from a comprehensive study of energy-energy correlations (EEC's) and their asymmetry (AEEC's) in hadronic decays of ${\mathit{Z}}^{0}$ bosons collected by the SLD experiment at SLAC. The data are compared with all four available predictions of QCD calculated up to O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{2}$) in perturbation theory, and also with a resummed calculation matched to all four of these calculations. We find large discrepancies between ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}$ values extracted from the different O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{2}$) calculations. We also find a large renormalization scale ambiguity in ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}$ determined from the EEC's using the O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{2}$) calculations; this ambiguity is reduced in the case of the AEEC's and is very small when the matched calculations are used. Averaging over all calculations, and over the EEC and AEEC results, we obtain ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}$(${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{Z}}^{2}$)=0.${124}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}0.004}^{+0.003}$ (expt.) \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009 (theory).

Published
1994
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15. Hemodynamically Unstable Pelvic Fractures

Author

Samuel G. Agnew

Subjects
Resuscitation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Survivorship curve, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, In patient, Intensive care medicine, business, Pelvis bone, Hemodynamic instability, Surgery
Abstract

This article reviews the past and present data regarding the evaluation and resuscitation of patients with concomitant pelvic fractures and hemodynamic instability. The emphasis is that successful treatment requires a concerted and aggressive team approach from all disciplines. Timely care has proven to be the single most important factor in patient survivorship. Recent advances such as emergency posterior frames will allow simultaneous evaluation and resuscitation. A treatment algorithm is presented for emergency care.

Published
1994
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16. First measurement of the left-right cross section asymmetry inZboson production bye+e−collisions

Author

J. Duboscq, Tadayuki Takahashi, S. Bethke, W. T. Emmet, R. Dolin, R. King, J. Hodgson, Sridhara Dasu, G.J. Tappern, S. A. Wickert, P. C. Rowson, R. J. Stephenson, R. Prepost, D. Pripstein, M. Tecchio, J. E. Brau, A. W. Weidemann, A. Yim, P.F. Jacques, T. Dean, T. H. Burnett, Amitabh Lath, H. Yuta, L. Piemontese, B. F. Wadsworth, Enrico Pieroni, E. Hyatt, L. Mathys, R. H. Schindler, A. Szumilo, G. Tarnopolsky, M. Settles, Roberto Battiston, R. Davis, A. Nuttall, T. A. Hodges, R. R. Kofler, D. Walz, A. V. Kulikov, R. Messner, J. F. Labs, J.P. Venuti, P. E.L. Clarke, A. Rothenberg, D. Mansour, R. Kroeger, D. Axen, A. Gioumousis, W. A. Majid, H. J. Hargis, C.J.S. Damerell, R. J. Wilson, D. J. Sherden, A. K. Honma, E. Vella, A. I. Mincer, S. H. Williams, A. O. Bazarko, D. D. Durrett, O. Chamberlain, J. A. Coller, E. L. Garwin, John Fox, N. Toge, D. Horelick, C. Baltay, M. D. Hildreth, F. Bird, C. Y. Prescott, D. W. G. S. Leith, P. Coyle, H. Cutler, C. J. Oram, H. Masuda, H. L. Lynch, R. Bell, J. Olsen, Nicholas Walker, J. Escalera, A.P.T. Palounek, Roberto Dell'Orso, L. P. Robertson, Melody A. Swartz, D. Su, D. Warner, R. R. Larsen, H. Petersen, J. Clendenin, A. Astbury, R. J. Morrison, G. A. Beer, D. R. Freytag, R. H. Siemann, Philip Burrows, T. Hansl-Kozanecka, S. McHugh, A. L. Shoup, R. E. Cassell, P.E. Rensing, T. Shimomura, M. Piccolo, M. J. Fox, J. Rothberg, D.C. Schultz, R. Langstaff, I. Abt, L. Pescara, I. Stockdale, G. Stewart, H. Shaw, P. De Simone, J. M. Yamartino, D. J. Mellor, M. Langston, O. Bardon, R.L. English, R. Watt, V. Cook, R. Cotton, M. Petradza, P. M. Mockett, V. Ashford, P. Saez, Michael S. Witherell, R. de Sangro, K. Skarpaas, R. C. Hilomen, T. Fieguth, Wit Busza, J. Flynn, D. Aston, G. Mancinelli, Patrick Krejcik, R. Rinta, T. W. Reeves, Rino Castaldi, H. O. Cohn, M. Loreti, V. Ziemann, K. Hasegawa, Richard Keeler, S. Kaiser, S. Hedges, J. L. Turner, G. Agnew, Joseph Izen, B. Burgess, L. Servoli, R. J. Belcinski, K. K. Young, John Scott Whitaker, X. Liu, Koji Abe, P. Kunz, S. S. Hertzbach, W. Craddock, G. Hallewell, I. Karliner, M. G. Strauss, Dominik Müller, J. Carr, D. Calloway, A. Lu, C. C. Young, B. I. Eisenstein, Elliot Hughes, T. Junk, M. Carpinelli, S. Bougerolle, G. D. Punkar, J. D. Turk, D. L. Burke, H. O. Ogren, R. W. Williams, W. M. Bugg, U. Schneekloth, S.C. Berridge, A. Disco, D. L. Hale, G. M. Bilei, G. R. Bower, James Shank, R. Cowan, Andrea Castro, Henry W. Kendall, L. Chen, R. K. Jobe, R. Ossa, Gunther Haller, O. H. Saxton, E. Rutz, C. Alber, T. Schalk, F. Toevs, J. J. Thaler, R. Claus, J. Fujimoto, D. P. Gurd, R. K. Yamamoto, P. Stiles, M. Minty, B. N. Ratcliff, S. Ecklund, D. Chambers, J. Wyss, C. Simopoulos, H. R. Band, J. A. Lauber, A. Santocchia, C. Yee, E. Erdos, P. Poffenberger, Yeong-Dae Kwon, G. Blaylock, D. A. Forbush, J. Huber, D. Kharakh, B. Camanzi, W. W. Ash, W. J. Wisniewski, F. Suekane, R.J. Plano, P. E. Stamer, M. Schneider, G. Eigen, M. Turcotte, M. D. Woodly, P. Zucchelli, G. Putallaz, M. J. Haney, A. Bean, C. G. Arroyo, B.L. Byers, W. Baker, W. L. Spence, S.R. Smith, Fred Wickens, A. P. Waite, J. T. Seeman, C. Zeitlin, T. Lyons, T. Bienz, N. Phinney, Martin Breidenbach, S. J. Yellin, L. Lintern, L. Paffrath, A. Calcaterra, K.G. Baird, R. Berger, C. Jako, N.M. Krishna, R.D. Elia, G. E. Gladding, S. Manly, I. M. Peruzzi, E. Mazzucato, R. Pitthan, Hyun-Chul Kim, J. J. Russell, Y. C. Du, W. Dunwoodie, David A. Williams, Y. Au, A. K. McKemey, R. F. Boyce, M. Zolotorev, J. A. Snyder, K. T. Pitts, L.S. Osborne, G. H. Zapalac, H. Tang, A. S. Johnson, M. Kalelkar, J. Frisch, R. S. Panvini, J. Hoeflich, T. Maruyama, B. A. Schumm, K.C. Moffeit, G. B. Word, G. E. Schultz, R. A. Johnson, R. Steiner, P. Antilogus, M. H. Kelsey, J. C. Sheppard, S. Gonzalez, M. Gaillard, A. Snyder, Thomas W. Markiewicz, S. L. Cartwright, K. Furuno, A. D. Yeremian, T. Gillman, V. Nesterov, H.J. Kang, Maurizio Biasini, T. Himel, Marc Ross, Yukio Hasegawa, H. A. Neal, Shiro Suzuki, D. F. Alzofon, Michele Gallinaro, D. Cords, M. Kowitt, A.K.S. Santha, R. W. Zdarko, D. G. Coyne, D. C. Williams, T. Bolton, C. Vannini, G. Oxoby, R. Shypit, Gilbert Shapiro, R. Verdier, E. L. Hart, D. Peters, A. Seiden, R. W. Downing, M. Z. Tahar, P. J. Emma, Alberto Benvenuti, H. Kawahara, C. Fan, T.J. Pavel, R. Frey, S. De Simone, F. Perrier, J. R. Johnson, R. Kajikawa, G. Mundy, V. Hamilton, P. D. Acton, P. C. Kim, H. M. Steiner, L. Rosenson, P. Schenk, K. M. Fortune, Richard Dubois, R. Ben-David, J. Zhou, M. Woods, J. Va’vra, M. Nordby, T. E. Browder, B. Mours, T. Nagamine, Nicola Bacchetta, D. McCormick, D. O. Caldwell, J. F. McGowan, G. Mazaheri, A. Sugiyama, M. Nussbaum, G. Mueller, Stephen Watts, F. Barrera, S. Jones, F. E. Taylor, M.E. Huffer, J. R. Bogart, J. Ferrie, R. Sobie, A. Mazzucato, Piero Giorgio Verdini, M. Pauluzzi, J. Ma, L. Camilleri, J. D. Richman, G. B. Chadwick, T. Weber, Giancarlo Mantovani, H. Hwang, Michael J. Fero, S.St. Lorant, J.I. Friedman, L.S. Rochester, Y. Iwasaki, T. L. Usher, M. Cavalli-Sforza, B. T. Meadows, D. G. Hitlin, F. J. Decker, M. D. Sokoloff, E.N. Spencer, H. Park, M. H. Shaevitz, G. Baranko, T. Limberg, D. R. Rust, G. R. Mason, S. L. White, D. Nelson, P. Raimondi, S. L. Shapiro, P. Rankin, A.B. d'Oliveira, U. Nauenberg, J. Harrison, Chris Adolphsen, R. Blumberg, F. Dejongh, Dario Bisello, and M. Klein

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Production (computer science), Beam polarization, Asymmetry, Energy (signal processing), media_common, Standard Model, Boson
Abstract

We present the first measurement of the left-right cross section asymmetry (${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{L}\mathit{R}}$) for Z boson production by ${\mathit{e}}^{+}$${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ collisions. The measurement was performed at a center-of-mass energy of 91.55 GeV with the SLD detector at the SLAC Linear Collider which utilized a longitudinally polarized electron beam. The average beam polarization was (22.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)%. Using a sample of 10 224 Z decays, we measure ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{L}\mathit{R}}$ to be 0.100\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.044(stat)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004(syst), which determines the effective weak mixing angle to be ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{\mathit{W}}^{\mathit{e}\mathit{f}\mathit{f}}$=0.2378 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0056(stat)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005(syst).

Published
1993
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18. Future potential of charge coupled devices as detectors of ionising radiation

Author

A. R. Gillman, C.J.S. Damerell, D. Su, G. Agnew, Stephen Watts, Fred Wickens, A.L. Lintern, R. Cotton, S.J. Hedges, R.L. English, P. Acton, T. Roy, M. Robbins, and A. K. McKemey

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Detector, Optoelectronics, Charge (physics), Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Charge transfer efficiency, Ionizing radiation
Abstract

The use of charge coupled devices for the detection of ionising radiation is reviewed, results on changes in the charge transfer efficiency due to irradiation are presented, and directions for future work are examined.

Published
1991
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19. Outlook and application status of the Rolls-Royce Fuel Cell Systems SOFC

Author

D. Strickland, D.K. Nichols, and G. Agnew

Subjects
Electric power system, Engineering, Electricity generation, business.industry, Grid friendly, Systems engineering, System testing, Mechanical engineering, Solid oxide fuel cell, Electric power industry, Grid, business, Efficient energy use
Abstract

Rolls-Royce fuel cell systems is developing megawatt scale power systems based on solid oxide fuel cell technology. The hybrid design promises to meet challenging energy efficiency, cost and performance targets in a grid friendly fashion. Analysis and testing to date indicate that those targets can be met and enable a wealth of fuel cell applications to meet customer and existing grid and modern grid requirements. Working with a global development team, a series of laboratory tests and evaluations are completed and future field test and evaluation and demonstration planned.

Published
2008
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20. A CCD-based vertex detector for SLD

Author

P. Clarke, Stephen Watts, A. K. McKemey, D. Su, C.J.S. Damerell, G. Agnew, A.L. Lintern, S.J. Hedges, David Phillips, A. R. Gillman, R.L. English, and Fred Wickens

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Computer graphics (images), Detector, Vertex detector, Instrumentation, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector
Abstract

The long R&D programme devoted to this novel form of detector is now coming to an end, and the production of the detector is beginning. This final paper on the R&D work highlights the lessons which have been learned in expanding the coverage from 2 to 500 CCDs.

Published
1990
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21. Uterine rupture and labour after a previous low transverse caesarean section

Author

Michael J. Turner, G Agnew, and H Langan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Cicatrix, Uterine Rupture, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Caesarean section, reproductive and urinary physiology, Gynecology, Obstetrics, Vaginal delivery, business.industry, Cesarean Section, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Trial of labour, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, Vaginal Birth after Cesarean, Trial of Labor, Uterine rupture, Obstetric labor complication, Obstetric Labor Complications, Maternal death, Female, business, Ireland
Abstract

This study reviewed all cases of complete uterine rupture (UR) in pregnancy during the decade 1993-2002. In 69,412 deliveries, 5,320 women had a single prior caesarean section. Of these, 4,021 had a trial of labour and 3,129 (77.8%) delivered vaginally. In nine (0.22%) cases, the previous transverse scar ruptured during labour. None of these nine ruptures resulted in maternal or fetal death, peripartum hysterectomy or fetal morbidity. In our practice, a trial of labour in women with a previous low transverse caesarean is associated with a high rate of vaginal delivery and a low rate of UR.

Published
2006

23. The evaluation and treatment of female urinary incontinence--a comparison of clinical practice in the Republic of Ireland with the recommendations of the International Continence Society

Author

G, Agnew and P, Byrne

Subjects
Adult, Urodynamics, Urinary Incontinence, Humans, Female, Cystoscopy, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Ireland, Cholinergic Antagonists, Physical Therapy Modalities
Abstract

In 1998 the International Continence Society (ICS) developed a set of recommendations for the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent current clinical practice in the Republic of Ireland correlated with the ICS recommendations. We personally interviewed 100 gynaecologists at units around Ireland. Participants were presented with two clinical scenarios, one described a patient with predominantly genuine stress incontinence, the other described a patient with an overactive bladder. Ninety-five (95%) requested a midstream urine sample for culture and sensitivity, and 74 (74%) considered urodynamics an appropriate initial investigation for a woman with stress incontinence. Physiotherapy was recommended as a first line treatment for stress incontinence by 76 (76%). Burch colposuspension, chosen by 55 (55%), was the most common first line surgical procedure. Other first line surgical procedures were TVT [31(31%)] Marshall-Marchetti-Krants procedure [5(5%)], anterior colporrhaphy [4 (4%)] and a variety of other procedures [5 (5%)]. When considering the initial investigation for a woman with an overactive bladder, 95 (95%) asked for a midstream urine sample for culture and sensitivity and 85 (85%) requested urodynamic investigations. Initial management of this condition included anticholinergic therapy alone [57 (57%)], anticholinergic therapy combined with bladder retraining [36 (36%)], bladder retraining alone [5 (5%)], and cystoscopy and bladder distension 2 (2%). Seventy-six (76%) felt that cystoscopy was an appropriate investigation for a woman with symptoms of an overactive bladder who has failed to respond to initial therapy. The study reveals a significant degree of diversity in the evaluation and management of patients who present with symptoms of urinary incontinence. It also highlights a number of areas where current clinical practice deviates from the recommendations of the ICS. In particular, there is a high and inappropriate use of urodynamics in the initial management of these patients.

Published
2004

25. Improvement of external fixator performance in type C pelvic ring injuries by plating of the pubic symphysis: An experimental study on 12 external fixators

Author

K. J. Ponson, Chris J. Snijders, Pieter Joosse, G. A. Hoek van Dijke, Samuel G. Agnew, and Other departments

Subjects
Models, Anatomic, medicine.medical_specialty, External Fixators, medicine.medical_treatment, Pubic symphysis, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Weight-Bearing, Fractures, Bone, External fixation, Fixation (surgical), Fracture Fixation, medicine, Humans, Internal fixation, Pelvic Bones, Pelvic girdle, Osteosynthesis, business.industry, Biomechanics, Biomechanical Phenomena, Surgery, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Orthopedic surgery, business, Bone Plates
Abstract

Background: In an earlier study, we introduced a pelvic ring stability criterion for weightbearing stabilization. In a loading test, however, current external fixation systems alone did not meet this criterion. Internal fixation of the dorsal ring can significantly increase stability, but the condition of severely injured patients is often a contraindication for major surgery. The aim of this study is to optimize external pelvic ring fixation without dorsal ring stabilization to allow weightbearing in early mobilization of patients with unstable pelvic ring injuries. Methods: The stiffness of external fixation systems alone and in combination with one or two anterior plates was measured by using a pelvic replica with a type C pelvic ring injury. Endpoints were 15 mm of dislocation or tolerance of 560 N. Results: Addition of one plate at least doubles stiffness, whereas two-plate fixation results in at least a fourfold stiffer configuration. Frame configurations profit more than single-bar systems, and all but one system resist the weightbearing load after double-plating of the pubic symphysis. Conclusion: The choice of double-plate fixation of the anterior ring in addition to external fixation results in weightbearing capacity.

Published
2002

26. Cryptosporidiosis in northeastern Brazilian children: association with increased diarrhea morbidity

Author

Cynthia L. Sears, Richard L. Guerrant, Tadesse Wuhib, Richard D. Moore, Aldo A. M. Lima, Robert D. Newman, and Deborah G. Agnew

Subjects
Diarrhea, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Cryptosporidium infection, Urban Population, Cryptosporidiosis, Nutritional Status, Feces, Risk Factors, parasitic diseases, Epidemiology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Animals, Humans, biology, business.industry, Case-control study, Age Factors, Infant, Cryptosporidium, Control subjects, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Body Height, Nutrition Disorders, Infectious Diseases, El Niño, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Female, medicine.symptom, Morbidity, business, Brazil
Abstract

To evaluate the impact of Cryptosporidium infection on diarrheal disease burden and nutrition status, a nested case-control study was done among children who were followed from birth in Fortaleza, Brazil. The diarrhea history and growth records of 43 children with a symptomatic diarrhea episode of cryptosporidiosis (case-children) were compared with those of 43 age-matched controls with no history of cryptosporidiosis. After Cryptosporidium infection, case-children < or = 1 year old experienced an excessive and protracted (nearly 2 years) diarrheal disease burden. Case-children < or = 1 year old with no history of diarrhea prior to their Cryptosporidium infection also experienced a subsequent increased diarrheal disease burden with an associated decline in growth. Control subjects experienced no change in their diarrhea burden over time. This study suggests that an episode of symptomatic Cryptosporidium infection in children < or = 1 year of age is a marker for increased diarrhea morbidity.

Published
1998

27. Evaluation of new plate designs for symphysis pubis internal fixation

Author

Allan F. Tencer, John R. Schwappach, Samuel G. Agnew, Peter T. Simonian, Milton L Routt, and Richard M. Harrington

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Sacroiliac joint, Symphysis, business.industry, Pubic Symphysis Diastasis, Dynamic compression plate, Pubic symphysis, Anatomy, Equipment Design, musculoskeletal system, Fixation (surgical), Fracture Fixation, Internal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bone Density, Fracture fixation, Bone plate, medicine, Cadaver, Humans, business, Bone Plates, Pubic Bone
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare biplanar and other newly designed plates used for pubic symphysis internal fixation to other standard plates. Our data demonstrate that neither of the newly designed symphyseal plates, curved (Zimmer four-hole plate with either two or four 4.5-mm cortical screws) nor the biplanar (Zimmer six-hole plate with four 4.5-mm cortical screws in one plane and two 4.5-mm cortical screws in another) significantly reduce motion more than the other plates tested (Synthes two-hole 4.5-mm dynamic compression plate with two 6.5-mm cancellous screws and six-hole 3.5-mm reconstruction plate with four 3.5-mm cortical screws). All of the plate constructs were able to restore motion to nearly that of the intact symphysis pubis and sacroiliac joint. In summary, using the anteroposterior compression disruption pattern and model, the disrupted symphysis does gap under load but has no effect on sacroiliac joint gapping. It does permit increase in relative flexion angles between the wings of the pelvis. All of the plate systems tested restore normal gap motion at the symphysis and normal sacroiliac joint flexion.

Published
1996

28. Radiographic recognition of the sacral alar slope for optimal placement of iliosacral screws: a cadaveric and clinical study

Author

Frederick A. Mann, Samuel G. Agnew, Peter T. Simonian, and Milton L Routt

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Adult, Male, Sacrum, Adolescent, Radiography, Bone Screws, broadcast, Cadaver, broadcast.radio_station, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Fractures, Closed, Child, Pelvic Bones, Fixation (histology), Aged, Sacroiliac joint, Osteosynthesis, Pelvic girdle, business.industry, General Medicine, Anatomy, Middle Aged, musculoskeletal system, body regions, surgical procedures, operative, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pelvic outlet, Surgery, Female, Cadaveric spasm, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Malpositioning of iliosacral screws happens more often when common variations in the morphology of the upper sacral segments are unrecognized. Radiological-anatomic correlations of sacral anatomy were studied in 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric pelvises without evidence of skeletal disease, obtained from six male and four female donors. Eighty consecutive patients with complicated pelvic fractures treated operatively by the same surgeon using percutaneously placed iliosacral screws were evaluated. Variations in the sacral alar anatomy and slope found in upper sacral segmentation anomalies are common. Surgically important and predictable abnormal morphological patterns can be easily identified using pelvic outlet and lateral sacral plain radiographs along with computed tomographic scans. On the true lateral projections, the iliac cortical density adjacent to the sacroiliac joint parallels the sacral alar slope and is almost always caudal and posterior to it; it delineates the anterior extent of the "safe zone" for iliosacral screw insertion. Thus, the lateral sacral image provides the surgeon with a better understanding of the sacral alar slope and can help prevent iliosacral screw placement errors. The lateral sacral image should always be used intraoperatively with the inlet and outlet images to guide iliosacral screw placement.

Published
1996

29. Analysis of the torque applied to bone screws by trauma surgeons. Comparisons based on years of experience and material of implant construction

Author

R A, McGuire, K R, St John, and S G, Agnew

Subjects
Titanium, Orthopedics, Time Factors, Bone Screws, Humans, Clinical Competence, Stainless Steel, Bone Plates, Biomechanical Phenomena
Abstract

Stability of an internal fixation construct is dependent on the torque placed on the screws holding the plate, the number of screws in the construct, and the number of cortices purchased by each screw. This study addresses the ability of surgeons to apply uniform torque and the variability between stainless steel and titanium. A total of 630 measurements were made by trained orthopedists using a device to measure the torque applied to 3.5 mm screws when tightening them to a plate. Variations were found to be significant depending on the number of years the orthopedist was in practice and the type of construct material used. The average torque applied to a stainless steel construct is 5.82 in-lb, while the torque applied to titanium is 5.41 in-lb (P0.01). The longer an orthopedist is in practice, the more torque will be applied to the screw/plate construct.

Published
1995

30. Hospital-Based Employment of Orthopaedic Surgeons—Passing Trend or New Paradigm?

Author

Sam G. Agnew, Martin W. Roche, and Kevin J. Bozic

Subjects
Employment, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Specialty, MEDLINE, Competition (economics), Nursing, Cultural diversity, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Market share, Personnel Selection, media_common, Personnel Administration, Hospital, business.industry, General Medicine, United States, Hospital-Physician Relations, Futures studies, Negotiation, Orthopedics, Family medicine, Accountability, Surgery, business
Abstract

Hospital employment of physicians in the United States has passed through periods of intense activity and decline over the past several decades. In the early 1990s, many hospitals sought to acquire primary-care physician practices, with the goal of increasing market share by controlling referrals of patients enrolled in managed-care plans and increasing negotiating leverage with managed-care organizations. In general, these employment relationships were hastily developed, with very little foresight and planning regarding the goals and responsibilities of each party. Furthermore, the importance of physician leadership, accountability, and cultural differences between hospitals and physician practices were grossly underestimated. As a result, most of these relationships resulted in financial losses and were divested by the end of the decade1-3. Since the year 2000, there has been an increasing trend toward the acquisition and employment of specialist physicians by hospitals. According to a recent survey of members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), more than three times as many orthopaedic surgeons are employed by hospitals today as compared with when they entered into practice4. Physician recruiting agencies note that hospitals are among their fastest-growing clients and now comprise the largest percentage of their physician recruiting activity. Specialist physicians, including orthopaedic surgeons, are among the most common hospital-based physician recruitments5. Multiple factors are driving this trend. Hospitals are seeking increased alignment of their interests and goals with those of specialist physicians for many reasons, including the desire to gain and/or preserve market share in a particular specialty area, such as orthopaedics; to neutralize competition from physician owners of imaging and physical therapy facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, and specialty hospitals; to stabilize their medical staff; and to meet urgent clinical needs, including emergency call and indigent care. Furthermore, alignment with specialist physicians may allow hospitals …

Published
2012
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31. Hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures

Author

S G, Agnew

Subjects
Time Factors, External Fixators, Resuscitation, Angiography, Hemorrhage, Arteries, Prognosis, Constriction, Embolization, Therapeutic, Decision Support Techniques, Pelvis, Fractures, Bone, Humans, Peritoneal Lavage, Pelvic Bones
Abstract

This article reviews the past and present data regarding the evaluation and resuscitation of patients with concomitant pelvic fractures and hemodynamic instability. The emphasis is that successful treatment requires a concerted and aggressive team approach from all disciplines. Timely care has proven to be the single most important factor in patient survivorship. Recent advances such as emergency posterior frames will allow simultaneous evaluation and resuscitation. A treatment algorithm is presented for emergency care.

Published
1994

32. The mangled lower extremity: can salvage be predicted?

Author

G V, Poole, S G, Agnew, J A, Griswold, and R S, Rhodes

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Dermatologic Surgical Procedures, Wounds, Nonpenetrating, Amputation, Surgical, Injury Severity Score, Mississippi, Peripheral Nerve Injuries, Humans, Peripheral Nerves, Child, Skin, Leg, Trauma Severity Indices, Muscles, Middle Aged, Tibial Fractures, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Blood Vessels, Female, Wounds, Gunshot, Femoral Fractures, Forecasting, Leg Injuries
Abstract

The ability to predict amputation following combined orthopedic, vascular and soft tissue trauma to an extremity could eliminate prolonged attempts at salvage of a doomed limb. We reviewed our experience with 48 mangled lower extremities in 46 patients. Twenty-one penetrating wounds and 25 blunt injuries occurred in 37 men and nine women ranging in age from 3 to 59 years. Severity of injuries to muscle, skin, and major nerves were strongly interrelated (r = 0.49 to 0.74, P0.001), but there were no correlations between injuries to these tissues and severity of bone injury (r0.19, P0.20). Twenty-four limbs were salvaged, and 24 were amputated. Increased severity of soft tissue injury was associated with a greater probability of limb loss (P0.001), but limb salvage or amputation could not be predicted accurately by any variable or group of variables such as age, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, presence of shock, level of injury, venous injury or repair, sequence of repair (vascular vs skeletal), time of fasciotomy, arteriography, blood requirement, or duration of ischemia. Amputation was best predicted by severity of injury to the sciatic or tibial nerves (P0.001), and by failure of arterial repair (P0.01). Severe extremity injuries require a coordinated approach and decisions regarding amputation require careful judgement. These decisions cannot always be made at the time of presentation or during the initial operation. If after revascularization and skeletal stabilization the extremity is clearly nonviable or remains insensate, then delayed amputation can be performed under more controlled circumstances.

Published
1994

33. FIRST MEASUREMENT OF THE LEFT-RIGHT ASYMMETRY IN Z-BOSON PRODUCTION

Author

R. E. Cassell, P.E. Rensing, T. Dean, T. H. Burnett, D. Mansour, D. D. Durrett, Gian Mario Bilei, R. Prepost, D. Pripstein, P.F. Jacques, R. Cowan, T. Gillman, R. Cotton, John Fox, K.C. Moffeit, E. Hyatt, E. L. Garwin, G. Putallaz, M. G. Strauss, G. Zapalac, D. Sherden, P. Stamer, R. King, R. Pitthan, P. Poffenberger, R. S. Kroeger, U. Schneekloth, P. Saez, S.C. Berridge, L. Piemontese, V. Nesterov, S. L. Cartwright, J. D. Turk, J. Carr, F. Suekane, T. Schalk, R. J. Decker, Enrico Pieroni, G. Shapiro, R. Shypit, M. Cavalli-Sforza, Koya Abe, M. Woods, R. J. Stephenson, M. Klein, J. M. Yamartino, K.G. Baird, H.J. Kang, David A. Williams, Y. Au, S. Yellin, J. A. Lauber, A. Santocchia, L. S. Osborne, S. Hedges, A. V. Kulikov, D. L. Burke, B. Meadows, R. W. Williams, T. Maruyama, W. M. Bugg, W. Wisniewski, J. Duboscq, T. Himel, A. Rothenberg, A. Szumilo, G. Tarnopolsky, A. Nuttall, Roberto Battiston, R. J. Belcinski, W. Baker, D. Walz, F. Toevs, D. Aston, D. J. Mellor, G. Mancinelli, R. F. Boyce, M. Z. Tahar, D. Chambers, Michael S. Witherell, T. Limberg, A. K. McKemey, H. Tang, S. Bethke, R. Dolin, D. W. G. S. Leith, L. Servoli, M. J. Fero, K. K. Young, Robert Wilson, W. A. Majid, G. B. Word, M. Zolotorev, D. P. Gurd, P. J. Emma, C. C. Young, G. Baranko, Alberto Benvenuti, D. R. Rust, F. E. Taylor, H. Cutler, R. K. Jobe, S. L. White, J. R. Bogart, T. Hansl-Kozanecka, H. A. Neal, J. A. Coller, A. Disco, M. Swartz, V. Ashford, D. Kharakh, G. Eigen, R. Castaldi, G. E. Schultz, P. C. Rowson, H. Yuta, L. Mathys, T. Junk, S. Bougerolle, M. J. Haney, A. Bean, C. G. Arroyo, R.J. Plano, B.L. Byers, P. Stiles, M. Minty, D. A. Forbush, M. Schneider, N. Phinney, G. Blaylock, L. Lintern, H. J. Hargis, A. K. Honma, T. Bienz, J. Escalera, Y. C. Du, W. Dunwoodie, S. R. Smith, T. W. Reeves, P. Kunz, C. Alber, W. L. Spence, P. M. Mockett, S. A. Wickert, M. Biasini, J. T. Seeman, I. M. Peruzzi, E. Mazzucato, Abraham Seiden, W. T. Emmet, J. Hoeflich, C. Simopoulos, A. Lu, M. Gaillard, G. R. Mason, J. F. Labs, M. E. Huffer, S. L. Shapiro, Stephen Watts, K. T. Pitts, D. C. Williams, V. Cook, J. Hodgson, H. Kawahara, J. Frisch, A. D. Yeremian, J. Ferrie, R. Sobie, A. Mazzucato, R. Messner, A. I. Mincer, P. Raimondi, A. L. Shoup, A.B. d'Oliveira, J. Harrison, M. Petradza, R. Blumberg, F. Dejongh, H. O. Ogren, S. McHugh, J. Wyss, P. Rankin, M. Langston, O. Bardon, David O. Caldwell, U. Nauenberg, Chris Adolphsen, G. Agnew, W. Craddock, G. Oxoby, R. Steiner, S. Gonzalez, X. Liu, S. S. Hertzbach, J. S. Whitaker, R. A. Johnson, H. M. Steiner, L. Rosenson, T. E. Browder, G. B. Chadwick, Roberto Dell'Orso, L. P. Robertson, J. Huber, R. Ben-David, Y. Kwon, J. Zhou, Richard Keeler, R. Rinta, M.D. Sokoloff, J. Va'vra, R. de Sangro, S. Dasu, L. Paffrath, A. Yim, R. Davis, S.St. Lorant, M. Turcotte, P. Coyle, B. Mours, Y. Hasegawa, J.P. Venuti, P. E.L. Clarke, C.J.S. Damerell, Gunther Haller, O. H. Saxton, D. Horelick, A. O. Bazarko, Martin Breidenbach, G. R. Bower, James Shank, C. Yee, E. Erdos, J. E. Brau, A. Calcaterra, G. Hallewell, R. R. Larsen, I. Stockdale, I. Karliner, Dominik Müller, G. Stewart, D. Warner, J.I. Friedman, Andrea Castro, R. Ossa, F. Barrera, C. Zeitlin, B. F. Wadsworth, T. A. Hodges, K. Skarpaas, H. L. Lynch, J. Rothberg, R. Langstaff, I. Abt, C. Vannini, P. Schenk, K. M. Fortune, R. Kajikawa, R. C. Hilomen, P. N. Burrows, Dario Bisello, H. O. Cohn, R. S. Panvini, E. Vella, Fred Wickens, T. Lyons, R. R. Kofler, B. I. Eisenstein, S. Jones, H. Shaw, Michael H. Shaevitz, C. Y. Prescott, J. C. Sheppard, T. Takahashi, C. Fan, T.J. Pavel, E. W. Hughes, S. H. Williams, G. D. Punkar, N. Toge, Jeffrey Richman, R. Dubois, J. A. Snyder, M. Kalelkar, R. K. Yamamoto, R. Frey, O. Chamberlain, S. De Simone, M. Tecchio, A. Lath, B. N. Ratcliff, M. Loreti, R. Berger, V. Ziemann, Piero Giorgio Verdini, M. Pauluzzi, T. Weber, F. Perrier, T. Bolton, M. H. Kelsey, Y. Iwasaki, T. L. Usher, A. Astbury, Giancarlo Mantovani, A. Gioumousis, T. Shimomura, M. Piccolo, J. F. McGowan, E.N. Spencer, H. Park, G. Mazaheri, J. R. Johnson, P. Zucchelli, H. Hwang, H. R. Band, I. Camilleri, D. G. Hitlin, G. Mundy, A. P. Waite, H. Y. Kim, J. J. Russell, G. Gladding, V. Hamilton, P. D. Acton, P. C. Kim, A. W. Weidemann, R. J. Morrison, B. A. Schumm, R. Verdier, E. L. Hart, L. Pescara, K. Hasegawa, K. Furuno, G. A. Beer, H. Petersen, D. Peters, S. Manly, R. H. Siemann, M. Nordby, Patrick Krejcik, R. W. Downing, D. Nelson, C. J. Oram, R. Elia, Marc Ross, A. S. Johnson, D. F. Alzofon, Michele Gallinaro, R. W. Zdarko, P. Antilogus, R. Bell, A.P.T. Palounek, M. Nussbaum, G. Mueller, A. Snyder, D. G. Coyne, D. R. Freytag, Nicola Bacchetta, D. McCormick, M. J. Fox, M. Kowitt, Rafe Schindler, A.K.S. Santha, Thomas W. Markiewicz, L. S. Rochester, J. Ma, S. Kaiser, D. Axen, C. Baltay, H. Masuda, J. Olsen, Nicholas Walker, Joseph Izen, T. Fieguth, Wit Busza, J. L. Turner, M. Carpinelli, P. De Simone, L. Chen, D. L. Hale, J. J. Thaler, R. Claus, J. Fujimoto, S. Ecklund, C. Jako, N.M. Krishna, W. W. Ash, G.J. Tappern, S. Suzuki, Henry W. Kendall, D. Su, M. Settles, M. D. Hildreth, F. Bird, E. Rutz, D. Cords, B. Camanzi, M. D. Woodly, J. Clendenin, T. Nagamine, D.C. Schultz, R.L. English, R. Watt, A. Sugiyama, J. Flynn, B. Burgess, D. Calloway, Abe, K, Abt, I, Acton, P, Adolphsen, C, Agnew, G, Alber, C, Alzofon, D, Antilogus, P, Arroyo, C, Ash, W, Ashford, V, Astbury, A, Aston, D, Au, Y, Axen, D, Bacchetta, N, Baird, K, Baker, W, Baltay, C, Band, H, Baranko, G, Bardon, O, Barrera, F, Battiston, R, Bazarko, A, Bean, A, Beer, G, Belcinski, R, Bell, R, Bendavid, R, Benvenuti, A, Berger, R, Berridge, S, Bethke, S, Biasini, M, Bienz, T, Bilei, G, Bird, F, Bisello, D, Blaylock, G, Blumberg, R, Bogart, J, Bolton, T, Bougerolle, S, Bower, G, Boyce, R, Brau, J, Breidenbach, M, Browder, T, Bugg, W, Burgess, B, Burke, D, Burnett, T, Burrows, P, Busza, W, Byers, B, Calcaterra, A, Caldwell, D, Calloway, D, Camanzi, B, Camilleri, I, Carpinelli, M, Carr, J, Cartwright, S, Cassell, R, Castaldi, R, Castro, A, Cavallisforza, M, Chadwick, G, Chamberlain, O, Chambers, D, Chen, L, Clarke, P, Claus, R, Clendenin, J, Cohn, H, Coller, J, Cook, V, Cords, D, Cotton, R, Cowan, R, Coyle, P, Coyne, D, Craddock, W, Cutler, H, Doliveira, A, Damerell, C, Dasu, S, Davis, R, Desangro, R, Desimone, P, Desimone, S, Dean, T, Decker, R, Dejongh, F, Dellorso, R, Disco, A, Dolin, R, Downing, R, Du, Y, Dubois, R, Duboscq, J, Dunwoodie, W, Durrett, D, Ecklund, S, Eigen, G, Eisenstein, B, Elia, R, Emma, P, Emmet, W, English, R, Erdos, E, Escalera, J, Fan, C, Fero, M, Ferrie, J, Fieguth, T, Flynn, J, Forbush, D, Fortune, K, Fox, J, Fox, M, Frey, R, Freytag, D, Friedman, J, Frisch, J, Fujimoto, J, Furuno, K, Gaillard, M, Gallinaro, M, Garwin, E, Gillman, T, Gioumousis, A, Gladding, G, Gonzalez, S, Gurd, D, Hale, D, Haller, G, Hallewell, G, Hamilton, V, Haney, M, Hanslkozanecka, T, Hargis, H, Harrison, J, Hart, E, Hasegawa, K, Hasegawa, Y, Hedges, S, Hertzbach, S, Hildreth, M, Hilomen, R, Himel, T, Hitlin, D, Hodges, T, Hodgson, J, Hoeflich, J, Honma, A, Horelick, D, Huber, J, Huffer, M, Hughes, E, Hwang, H, Hyatt, E, Iwasaki, Y, Izen, J, Jobe, R, Jacques, P, Jako, C, Johnson, A, Johnson, J, Johnson, R, Jones, S, Junk, T, Kaiser, S, Kajikawa, R, Kalelkar, M, Kang, H, Karliner, I, Kawahara, H, Keeler, R, Kelsey, M, Kendall, H, Kharakh, D, Kim, H, Kim, P, King, R, Klein, M, Kofler, R, Kowitt, M, Krejcik, P, Krishna, N, Kroeger, R, Kulikov, A, Kunz, P, Kwon, Y, Labs, J, Langstaff, R, Langston, M, Larsen, R, Lath, A, Lauber, J, Leith, D, Limberg, T, Lintern, L, Liu, X, Loreti, M, Lu, A, Lynch, H, Lyons, T, Ma, J, Majid, W, Mancinelli, G, Manly, S, Mansour, D, Mantovani, G, Markiewicz, T, Maruyama, T, Mason, G, Masuda, H, Mathys, L, Mazaheri, G, Mazzucato, A, Mazzucato, E, Mccormick, D, Mcgowan, J, Mchugh, S, Mckemey, A, Meadows, B, Mellor, D, Messner, R, Mincer, A, Minty, M, Mockett, P, Moffeit, K, Morrison, R, Mours, B, Mueller, G, Muller, D, Mundy, G, Nagamine, T, Nauenberg, U, Neal, H, Nelson, D, Nesterov, V, Nordby, M, Nussbaum, M, Nuttall, A, Ogren, H, Olsen, J, Oram, C, Osborne, L, Ossa, R, Oxoby, G, Paffrath, L, Palounek, A, Panvini, R, Park, H, Pauluzzi, M, Pavel, T, Perrier, F, Peruzzi, I, Pescara, L, Peters, D, Petersen, H, Petradza, M, Phinney, N, Piccolo, M, Piemontese, L, Pieroni, E, Pitthan, R, Pitts, K, Plano, R, Poffenberger, P, Prepost, R, Prescott, C, Pripstein, D, Punkar, G, Putallaz, G, Raimondi, P, Rankin, P, Ratcliff, B, Reeves, T, Rensing, P, Richman, J, Rinta, R, Robertson, L, Rochester, L, Rosenson, L, Ross, M, Rothberg, J, Rothenberg, A, Rowson, P, Russell, J, Rust, D, Rutz, E, Saez, P, Santha, A, Santocchia, A, Saxton, O, Schalk, T, Schenk, P, Schindler, R, Schneekloth, U, Schneider, M, Schultz, D, Schultz, G, Schumm, B, Seeman, J, Seiden, A, Servoli, L, Settles, M, Shaevitz, M, Shank, J, Shapiro, G, Shapiro, S, Shaw, H, Sheppard, J, Sherden, D, Shimomura, T, Shoup, A, Shypit, R, Siemann, R, Simopoulos, C, Skarpaas, K, Smith, S, Snyder, A, Snyder, J, Sobie, R, Sokoloff, M, Spence, W, Spencer, E, Stlorant, S, Stamer, P, Steiner, H, Steiner, R, Stephenson, R, Stewart, G, Stiles, P, Stockdale, I, Strauss, M, Su, D, Suekane, F, Sugiyama, A, Suzuki, S, Swartz, M, Szumilo, A, Tahar, M, Takahashi, T, Tang, H, Tappern, G, Tarnopolsky, G, Taylor, F, Tecchio, M, Thaler, J, Toevs, F, Toge, N, Turcotte, M, Turk, J, Turner, J, Usher, T, Vavra, J, Vannini, C, Vella, E, Venuti, J, Verdier, R, Verdini, P, Wadsworth, B, Waite, A, Walker, N, Walz, D, Warner, D, Watt, R, Watts, S, Weber, T, Weidemann, A, Whitaker, J, White, S, Wickens, F, Wickert, S, Williams, D, Williams, R, Williams, S, Wilson, R, Wisniewski, W, Witherell, M, Woodly, M, Woods, M, Word, G, Wyss, J, Yamamoto, R, Yamartino, J, Yee, C, Yeremian, A, Yellin, S, Yim, A, Young, C, Young, K, Yuta, H, Zapalac, G, Zdarko, R, Zeitlin, C, Zhou, J, Ziemann, V, Zolotorev, M, and Zucchelli, P

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Positron beam, Electron–positron annihilation, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Weinberg angle, Electron, Polarization (waves), Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, media_common
Abstract

We present the first measurement of the left-right cross-section asymmetry (ALR) in Z-boson production observed at the SLAC Linear Collider. In 1992 the SLD detector recorded 10 224 Z events produced by the collision of longitudinally polarized electrons with an unpolarized positron beam at a center-of-mass energy of 91.55 GeV. The average electron beam polarization during the run was (22.4 ± 0.6)%. We measure ALR to be 0.100 ± 0.0440 (stat.) ±0.004 (syst.), which determines the effective weak mixing angle to be $\sin^2\theta_W^{\rm {eff}} = 0.2378\pm 0.0056\, ({\rm stat.})\pm 0.0005\, ({\rm syst.})$.

Published
1993

34. Design and performance of the SLD vertex detector, a 120 Mpixel tracking system

Author

Rong Gang, C. J. S. Damerell, R. Stephenson, A. Nichols, G. Agnew, G. D. Punkar, R. L. English, M. G. Strauss, S. J. Watts, A. L. Lintern, J. Richman, S.J. Hedges, A. R. Gillman, G. J. R. Tappern, A. K. McKemey, F. J. Wickens, R. Cotton, R. Claus, L. Mathys, Su Dong, and J. Hoeflich

Subjects
Physics, Vertex (computer graphics), Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Particle accelerator, Particle detector, law.invention, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Point (geometry), Collider, Beam (structure), Lepton
Abstract

This paper describes the design, construction, and initial operation of the SLD Vertex Detector, the first device to employ charge coupled devices (CCDs) on a large scale in a high energy physics experiment. The Vertex Detector comprises 480 CCDs, with a total of 120 Mpixels. Each pixel functions as an independent particle detecting element, providing space point measurements of charged particle tracks with a typical precision of 5 μm in each co‐ordinate. The CCDs are arranged in four concentric cylinders just outside the beam pipe which surrounds the e+e− collision point of the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC). The Vertex Detector is a powerful tool for distinguishing secondary vertex tracks, produced by decay in flight of heavy flavor hadrons or tau leptons, from tracks produced at the primary event vertex. Because the colliding beam environment imposes severe constraints on the design of such a detector, a six year R&D programme was needed to develop solutions to a number of problems. The requirements includ...

Published
1992
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35. Open tibia fracture caused by femoral shaft fragment

Author

Samuel G. Agnew and Stephen K. Benirschke

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Traffic accident, Femoral shaft, General Medicine, Foreign Bodies, Lower limb, Surgery, Radiography, Tibial Fractures, Fractures, Open, Open tibia fracture, Medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Tibia, Fibula, business, Femoral Fractures
Abstract

Open tibia fractures and open femoral shaft fractures are commonplace in today's motorized society. We report a unique combination of injuries sustained by two patients treated at our institution.

Published
1991

36. The Role of the Unreamed Tibial Nail

Author

M. Brad Henley, Robin Peter, and Samuel G. Agnew

Subjects
business.industry, Preliminary report, Dentistry, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Tibial nail, General Medicine, business
Published
1993
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37. LOWER EXTREMITY FRACTURE FIXATION IN HEAD-INJURED PATIENTS

Author

Galen V. Poole, John A. Griswold, Samuel G. Agnew, and Jimmy D. Miller

Subjects
Adult, Lung Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Head trauma, Fixation (surgical), Fracture Fixation, Internal, Fractures, Bone, Injury Severity Score, Risk Factors, Fracture fixation, Medicine, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Femur, Glasgow Coma Scale, Tibia, Child, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Multiple Trauma, Head injury, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Blunt trauma, Child, Preschool, Lower extremity fracture, business, Leg Injuries
Abstract

Compared with nonsurgical management or delayed repair, early fracture fixation can reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications in patients with long-bone fractures of the lower extremities. Blunt trauma victims often have multiple nonskeletal injuries that might influence the risk of pulmonary complications, and when head injuries are present it has been a common practice to delay nonemergent operations for several days to protect the injured brain. We conducted a retrospective review of 114 patients with multiple trauma whose injuries included head trauma and a fracture of the neck or shaft of the femur or shaft of the tibia to determine if delayed stabilization of lower extremity fractures increased the risk of pulmonary complications or reduced the risk of cerebral complications. Forty-six patients underwent surgical fixation of their fractures within 24 hours of injury (early fixation), 26 patients had their fractures repaired more than 24 hours after injury (late fixation), and 42 patients did not undergo surgical fracture fixation. The risk of pulmonary complications was not related to the timing of surgical fracture fixation but was strongly influenced by the severity of injuries to the head and to the chest (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, a delay in fracture fixation did not protect the injured brain; the risk of CNS events was determined by the severity of the head injury (p less than 0.0001). Early fracture fixation in patients with head injury may be appropriate because it simplifies patient care and does not seem to worsen the head injury, but it does not prevent pulmonary complications in these high-risk patients.

Published
1991
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38. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures

Author

V. M. Santoro, Samuel G. Agnew, Stephen K. Benirschke, M. B. Henley, and Keith A. Mayo

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Internal fixation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, General Medicine, Plateau (mathematics), business, Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
Published
1991
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39. Room at the piston top contributions of combustion science to engine design

Author

William G. Agnew

Subjects
Automotive engine, Engineering, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Mechanical engineering, Ignorance, Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design), law.invention, Cylinder (engine), Piston, Boss, law, Spark (mathematics), business, Simple (philosophy), media_common
Abstract

Charles F. Kettering, “Boss Ket,” the founder of the General Motors Research Laboratories, once said: “It's so simple to explain [the automobile engine] by saying, you take a charge of gasoline and air into the cylinder, compress it and ignite it with a spark, and it explodes and pushes the piston down, and that makes your car go … If you stop right there, it is a logical explanation. But what does the spark do? What do you mean by combustion? We don't know why or how the spark sets off that explosion of gas … So I say, quite solemnly, that we haven't the slightest idea what really makes the contraption run. We call the reaction ‘combustion’ because it nicely conceals our lack of knowledge on just what takes place in the engine cylinder. I just don't think we can live in this atmosphere of ignorance about what goes on there when our whole business depends on it” [1].

Published
1985
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41. A vertex detector for SLD

Author

S.J. Hedges, R.L. English, David Phillips, C.J.S. Damerell, A.L. Lintern, G. Agnew, Stephen Watts, P. Clarke, G. Rong, Fred Wickens, A. R. Gillman, and C. Sutton

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Vertex (computer graphics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Tracking (particle physics), law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Charm (quantum number), Collider, Instrumentation, Event (particle physics), Lepton
Abstract

The SLAC Linear Collider is currently being commissioned. A second-generation detector for SLC, known as SLD, is now under construction. In the centre of this 4000 ton detector there will be a vertex detector (VXD) consisting of 4 barrels of 2-dimensional CCDs, approximately 250 CCDs in total. This detector will be used as a tracking microscope, able to pinpoint the outgoing tracks with a precision of about 5 μm, and thus to distinguish between particles produced at the primary vertex and those which result from the decay of heavy-flavour quarks (charm, bottom and possibly others) or from the decay of heavy leptons. This paper describes the present state of the VXD project, with particular emphasis on the signal processing procedures which will reduce the 60 million measurements of pixel contents for each event to a manageable level (some tens of kilobytes).

Published
1989
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42. Performance Modeling for Communication Networks at a Switching Node

Author

J. Mark and G. Agnew

Subjects
Engineering, Deadlock free, business.industry, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Routing algorithm, Telecommunications network, Robustness (computer science), Network performance, Commutation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Computer network, Data transmission, Buffer overflow
Abstract

Network performance is investigated at an isolated node which we call the switching node (SN). An equal (outgoing) link utilization constraint is introduced to enhance the robustness of a minimum delay routing algorithm applied to the SN in the network. Input traffic to the SN is grouped into classes in accordance with the radial distance from the SN to their destinations. It is shown that under an equal link utilization constraint a four-class traffic admission scheme displays a smaller probability of buffer overflow compared to an unconstrained routing algorithm. Also, with the equal link utilization constraint, the buffer overflow characteristics are similar for both balanced and unbalanced loads. It is shown that the four-class traffic admission model exhibits an "almost" deadlock free characteristic, e.g., with a total buffer size of 4, the probability of deadlock is about 10-10.

Published
1984
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44. Automotive air pollution research

Author

W. G. Agnew

Subjects
Pollutant, Pollution, Diesel exhaust, Waste management, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Automotive industry, Air pollution, medicine.disease_cause, General Energy, medicine, Environmental science, business, media_common
Abstract

Automotive air pollution research has as its objectives: (1) to understand the nature of the atmospheric effects, (2) to understand the nature of vehicle emissions, and (3) to develop concepts for the control of significant pollutants. Progress toward these objectives is reviewed with respect to photochemical smog, carbon monoxide, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, and diesel smoke and odour. While we have come a long way in the scientific understanding of photochemical smog and carbon monoxide pollution, and technology for the control of these problems presses hard on the heels of understanding, the need for more scientific investigations of all aspects of automotive air pollution is clear.

Published
1968
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45. A new form of vibration galvanometer

Author

P. G. Agnew

Subjects
Physics, Engineering, Electromagnet, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Acoustics, Electrical engineering, Galvanometer, Null (physics), Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, Vibration, symbols.namesake, Control and Systems Engineering, law, Magnet, Signal Processing, Vibration measurement, symbols, Sensitivity (control systems), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Ballistic galvanometer
Abstract

Vibration galvanometers are very useful in null measurements, but have not been much used in industrial laboratories on account of their being sensitive to external vibrations and requiring delicate adjustments. The present instrument, which has a sensitivity higher than other forms of the moving-iron type, but less than that of the most sensitive forms of the moving-coil type, has the advantages of sturdiness, quick responsiveness, and freedom from the effects of external vibration. It consists essentially of a fine steel wire, mounted on one pole of a permanent magnet, and so arranged that the free end of the wire may vibrate between the poles of an electromagnet through which the current to be detected passes.

Published
1920
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48. British Antarctic Territory Order in Council, 1962

Author

W. G. Agnew

Subjects
Ecology, Environmental protection, Order (business), business.industry, Political science, Geography, Planning and Development, Environmental resource management, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business
Published
1962
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50. Infrared Spectrum of Two‐Stage Cool Flame of Diethyl Ether

Author

Russell E. Donovan and William G. Agnew

Subjects
Infrared, General Physics and Astronomy, Cool flame, Photochemistry, Spectral line, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Thermal, Emission spectrum, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Diethyl ether, Absorption (chemistry), Chemiluminescence
Abstract

An optical system has been made so that absorption and emission spectra from stages of a combustion process can be observed. Spectra from the two‐stage cool flame of diethyl ether indicate that carbonyl compounds are formed as intermediates and final products are HCHO, CO2, H2O, CO, and C2H4. Also identified are CH3OH and CH4. Temperature calculations indicate that the infrared emission from this reaction is of thermal origin in contrast to the visible emission which is undoubtedly chemiluminescence. Calculated temperatures range from 700°K in the first cool flame to ∼1000° in the second‐stage flame.

Published
1955
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