Search

In the article the new aspects of development of lactose malabsorbtion at children of the first year of life are resulted. The oligosaccharides and glycosydases of female milk have the certain importance in development of this pathology.

Chemical analysis of genetically modified corns MON 810 resistance to European corn borer and GA 21 tolerance to glyphosphate was performed. Results of these studies showed that there is no difference between genetically modified and conventional corn products.

The paper concerns the problems facing pathologic anatomy service in Moscow. It is stated that the service needs reorganization. The advances in methodology, staffing, continued training, salary system, connections with other services should be accomplished.

Continuous jejunal perfusion with 0.1, 1 and 10% lactose solutions was made in 9 patients with good milk tolerance and 25 patients with secondary hypolactasia. In normal tolerance lactose is assimilated in amounts of 30-60% along the 30 cm of the jejunal length. Hypolactasia results in inhibited hydrolysis and absorption of lactose whose activity rapidly diminishes. The phenomenon of substrate lactose induction is demonstrated available both in normal and hypolactasia conditions. In stepwise introduction of lactose in the intestine the tolerance to milk sugar noticeably rises. This fact should be allowed for when conducting enteral feeding.

With an increase in content of sugar in a diet from 10% to 50% of the caloric value the rate of synthesis and accumulation of lipids were increased in perinephric adipose tissue of rats exhibiting the maximal values at 30% content of sugar in rations. Under these conditions content of insulin was decreased in blood and half-life of sialic acids was decreased in glycoproteins of adipose tissue. Interrelationship between sensitivity of the adipose tissue receptors to insulin and the half-life of sialic acids was considered. Metabolism of sialic acids was considered. Metabolism of sialic acids appears to be of importance for accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue under conditions of sugar loading.

Turnover of liver mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids was studied in rats kept on isocaloric diets containing 4.5, 6, 9, 18% protein (controls) and 36%. Turnover rate and half-life period of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids were determined from degradation of membrane fractions of phospholipids labeled with 14C-palmitic acid. Increase or decrease of protein level in the diet resulted in reduced turnover rate of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids and their prolonged half-life period in the membranes. Changed life span of phospholipid molecules during feeding the diets imbalanced with respect to proteins may be considered as adaptation reaction to alimentary exposures on the cellular level, this reaction being aimed at preservation of the optimum structure of subcellular membranes. Earlier findings on reduced half-life period of membrane proteins during low-protein (4.5%) and high-protein (36%) diets and the present data allow a conclusion on the independent nature of the mechanisms of degradation of subcellular membrane lipid and protein components.

Transformation of labelled glutamic and aspartic acids (5-14C, 4-14C) was studied in growth media of various strains of Streptococcus acetonicus. These strains which participate in production of cheese with excellent organoleptic properties are active in synthesis of di- and tricarboxylic acids, and also keto acids. Such a relationship was not found in the case of 5-14C-glutamic acid.

Experiments on rats were made to study turnover and the content of total proteins of rat liver subcellular fractions under isocaloric diets with different amounts of protein. As a result of receiving low-protein diets (9 and particularly 4.5% as regards protein), the half-life of 14 C-lysine decreases apart from a certain reduction in the protein content in all the fractions. Upon unchanged protein content in respect of the control (18% protein), high-protein diet also leads to the half-life diminution. An increase in protein turnover by 4.5% as regards protein in the diet correlates with overall and specific activities of cytochromooxidase in the inner membranes of mitochondria.

Rats were given isocaloric rations containing starch (control) and varying amounts of fructose as carbohydrates. Hexosamines were isolated from the lens, glycoproteins--from the blood serum, and their turnover was studied. A drastic deceleration of hexosamine turnover in the lens was observed at high-fructose diets (20 and 40% of fuel value), while glycoprotein turnover in the blood plasma was not changed as compared to the control, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in red blood cells was decreased, insulin level was lowered, and glucose level in the blood serum rose insignificantly. It has been suggested that fructose may be cataractogenic in animals.

The turnover of erythrocyte and platelet glycoprotein amino sugars in rats fed carbohydrates has been studied. Partial replacement of starch by sucrose results in an almost 3-fold increase in the half-life of erythrocyte glycoprotein amino sugars and in a 2-fold increase in that of platelets as early as 14 days after keeping the animals on carbohydrates. It is concluded that study of dynamic parameters of cell amino sugars can be used for evaluation of the role played by food in metabolic and adaptive reactions both in experimental animals and man.

To elucidate the action of xylose admixtures during the biotechnological production of monosaccharides, rats were given rations containing xylose that comprised 2.10 and 20% of the total amount of carbohydrates. Hexosamines of the lens and general blood globulin fraction were isolated and their turnover was investigated. The activity of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the content of reduced and oxidized glutathione were assayed in the eyes and red blood cells. The content of xylose was determined in the plasma, eyes and red blood cells. Xylose inclusion into the ration of rats induced a pronounced increase in the half-life of hexosamines in the lens. The general blood globulin fraction turnover was unchanged. The activity of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the amount of total and reduced glutathione in red blood cells were decreased. Xylose content in the eyes and red blood cells was unchanged, while in the plasma it rose proportionally to the increase of its amount in the ration.

It was disclosed that the effect on the content of cytochrome P450 and renewal of the protein portion of the cytochrome P450 complex in rat liver microsomes is determined by the protein amount in the diet. Protein deficiency in the diet leads to the reduced rate of protein fraction renewal in the cytochrome P450 complex. The degree of cytochrome P450 induction with phenobarbital was found to be dependent on the diet. In the animals fed low-protein diet (4.5%), the degree of cytochrome P450 induction was decreased which was likely to be a consequence of the increased semi-renewal period.