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Al-Mg alloys are characterized by permanent solid solution hardening and can additionally be work-hardened. The high mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys with above-standard Mg content obtained after plastic deformation processes decrease over time. The addition of minor alloying elements like Er or Zr is an alternative method to improve the durability of mechanical properties and increase the strength of Al-Mg alloys due to densely and evenly distributed dispersoids being formed. In this paper, Al-Mg alloys with above-standard Mg content (7 wt.%) and Zr and Er micro-alloying elements and their influence on the microstructure and durability of the mechanical properties were examined. The cast ingots of AlMg7 alloys were characterized by a smooth surface without cracks. The plastic deformation process in a static compression test resulted in an about 60 HBW increase in the Brinell hardness of all the deformed alloys relative to casting. It was revealed that the addition of Er and Zr significantly improved the mechanical properties and durability of the mechanical properties of the Al-Mg after annealing. The addition of Er or Zr slightly restrained the decrease in the Brinell hardness after annealing but did not inhibit it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hard anodic oxide coating's characteristic porous structure allows for its modification by the incorporation of nanoparticles. However, achieving an appropriate microstructure requires an optimal pore arrangement and shape, which is influenced by the electrolyte composition, current densities, temperature, and processing time. To achieve pores with a diameter of about 50 nm and the most regular structure, a range of these parameters were tested. Using a two-stage manufacturing process had a beneficial effect on increasing the microporosity of the coating. The addition of phthalic acid at 0 °C did not increase the pore diameter, but allowed for the process to be carried out at higher temperatures. However, the coating produced at 20 °C had a larger pore diameter, but numerous defects. The coating obtained from the three-component solution had the most regular structure, but the smallest pore diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to wear and improper operation, many machine parts become useless, which is why issues of friction and wear remain constantly relevant across all industrial sectors. This paper presents the results of research on the microstructure and properties of a nanostructural composite coating containing solid lubricant. The coating was deposited from a mixture of nanostructural WC-12Co powder and nanostructural Fe3O4 powder using HVOF spraying. Despite significant differences in grain size and density of both powders, the deposited coating consisted of WC-12Co matrix containing evenly distributed Fe3O4. The XRD analysis of the coating confirmed the presence of both components and the presence of W2C, which resulted from the decarburization of WC due to the high temperature during the spraying process. Furthermore, the microstructure analysis of the coatings confirmed that they contained both nanostructural WC and Fe3O4 grains that were present in the feedstock. The coefficients of friction, microhardness, and wear of the nanostructured composite coatings were determined using an experimental binomial program. Based on the ANOVA conducted, it was determined that the most significant impact on the friction coefficient is the Fe3O4 content in the sprayed mixture, while the oxygen to propane ratio affects the microhardness. For the wear of nanostructural composite coatings, the most important parameter is the spraying distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold-sprayed composite coatings have several advantages; however, some properties, such as hardness and abrasion resistance, are lower than those in plasma- or HVOF-sprayed deposits. This work showed that the use of surface diode laser processing allowed the development of (Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr))-(Ni-graphite) cermet coatings with good adhesion to the steel substrate, and increased properties in the near-surface zone, below which the properties of cold-sprayed coatings were retained. Studies of the microstructure in the micro/nanoscale of the laser-treated coatings showed strong grain refinement after surface treatment. Cr7C3 carbide of various shapes and sizes was formed in the structure; while, a several hundred nanometre layer of Cr2O3 oxide appeared on the coating surface. The changes occurring in the microstructure have resulted in increased mechanical and tribological properties of the laser-treated zone of deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)-based perovskite solar cells have gained immense popularity over the last few years within the perovskite research community due to their incredible opto-electronic properties and the record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) achieved by the solar cells. However, FAPbI3 is vulnerable to phase transitions even at room temperature, which cause structural instability and eventual device failure during operation. We performed post-treatment of the FAPbI3 surface with octyl ammonium iodide (OAI) in order to stabilize the active phase and preserve the crystal structure of FAPbI3. The formation of a 2D perovskite at the interface depends on the stoichiometry of the precursor. By optimizing the precursor stoichiometry and the concentration of OAI, we observe a synergistic effect, which results in improved power conversion efficiencies, reaching the best values of 22% on a glass substrate. Using physical and detailed optical analysis, we verify the presence of the 2D layer on the top of the 3D surface of the perovskite film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the issue of measuring the impact of cultural heritage on socio-economic development. The aim of the research, which this article was based on, was to develop proposals for statistical indicators to measure the impact of heritage on socio-economic development in Poland. In the course of the research, an attempt was made to answer the following research question: What statistical indicators can be used to measure the impact of heritage on the socio-economic development of Poland in the context of monument protection policy, society, economic situation and environmental aspects? The research was carried out using the analysis of existing data. The completed research allowed there author to establish the proposed set of statistic indicators that could be used to measure the impact of cultural heritage on socio-economic development in Poland in four areas: monument protection policy, society, economic situation and environment aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to explore the rhizomatic nature of the professional development strategies used by the female workforce of public cultural organizations. The research problem of this study are (1) the challenges of women who work in public cultural organizations and (2) ways of dealing with them by women. The empirical material was collected between January 2021 and January 2022 through 20 in‐depth interviews with female managers of public cultural organizations in Poland. The findings are presented in three sections: (1) specificity of work in culture, (2) twists and configurations on the way to grow, and (3) communities. In this way, it was possible to capture the specific strategies used by the female workforce for the development of their professional paths. To illustrate the complexity of these strategies, the concept of Rhizome—a root structure that grows in unpredictable and manifold directions—developed by Deleuze and Guattari was used. It also highlighted the fact that the professional development strategies used by women develop in a strong relationship with their environment and constantly evolve according to the needs of the women who decide to undertake them. The results of the research illustrate the impact of the far‐reaching gendered nature of work in cultural organizations on the professional development of women in this sector. Moreover, this reveals that to achieve their professional ambitions, women in cultural organizations co‐create complex informal organizational constructs, rhizome‐like in structure, which help women cope with the challenges that arise along their professional paths. These findings contribute to the theory of gendered organizations and the knowledge of gender inequality in cultural organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]