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The increasing prevalence of sexual abuse calls for exceptional awareness of its multidimensional impact on the mental, sexual, and social wellbeing of male adults. This study aims to deepen the overall understanding of sexual abuse consequences; to highlight some common resilience factors; and to strengthen therapeutic and social support. In this qualitative research, we conducted seven semi-structured interviews with male victims of sexual violence. The data were analysed with the interpretative phenomenological analysis. They shed light on the great suffering linked to sexual violence, and on seven themes which are seemingly pillars of resilience: bond to others, bond to the body, making sense of things, expression, rediscovering oneself, institutions, and finally, learning and commitment. The exploration of these themes reveals several avenues for adjusting care, most of which imply the importance of raising awareness so that spaces receiving the victims’ word can emerge.

Background: The extent and nature of sexual abuse (SA) and its consequences in psychiatry are still poorly described in adolescence. Objective: This article describes the frequency of SA reported in an adolescent population hospitalized in psychiatry, and assesses its links with the severity of mental disorders and the medical issues of these adolescents. Methods: The study includes 100 patients for whom SA has been mentioned, among all patients aged 13 to 17 years old hospitalized for about 4 years. The characteristics of sexual abuse were correlated with the medical severity of the patients, as well as the number, the duration of their hospitalization(s), and the time until disclosure. Results: The results show the central place of SA in adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of 28.5% and a cumulative hospital stay which is five times longer than average. Correlations have been observed between the number of suicide attempts and the number of abuses reported. The medical severity of patients is significantly increased when the named aggressor is an adult. The number of hospitalizations is positively correlated with the number of reported abuses, as well as with the intrafamilial and adult status of the perpetrator. Finally, an early age of onset, repeated abuse, and the intrafamilial nature of the abuse are associated with a longer time to disclosure. Conclusions: The severity of adolescent psychiatric situation is statistically in favor of a history of SA, which should therefore be actively explored during care.

In adolescent psychiatry, when patients present high-risk sexual behaviours, analysing the symptoms usually leads back to a traumatic sexual event in childhood. These clinical situations include a first stage in which the trauma is constituted and a second adolescent stage in which the mnemic trace can lead to the traumatic experience being reproduced within a destructured psychic apparatus that is seeking restructuration through actions. These two psychopathological stages are examined in the light of the connection between Freud's two paradigms of the neurotica and the theory of fantasy, focusing therapeutically either on the primacy of sexual abuse or on the psychic representation of a traumatic sexuality, respectively. Here, the elaboration of these behaviours relates either to the individual traumatic history or the transgenerational history, or to both histories, intermingled or even undifferentiated. The repetition processes and the temporary loss of reality-testing in these clinical situations are analysed there, including by the yardstick of the psychopathology of complex trauma, as well as by that of containment in the familial and therapeutic environment, from which the subject will benefit in the context of the revelation processes.

Malgré l’enjeu majeur de santé publique qu’elles représentent, les maltraitances infantiles, et particulièrement les négligences, restent sous-estimées en psychiatrie, tant dans leur prévalence que leur impact sur la santé. De plus, le phénomène de maltraitance reste habituellement associé à un fort déterminisme socio-culturel et est très peu évalué dans les catégories sociales aisées. Cette étude mesure la prévalence et l’impact sur l’état médical des facteurs d’adversité précoce - maltraitances (abus et négligences) et événements de vie (divorce, séparations précoces, antécédents familiaux de maladie psychiatrique) - dans une population d’adolescents hospitalisés en psychiatrie et issus de milieux aisés, afin d’en évaluer l’ampleur et l’impact. Les résultats montrent l’ampleur et le cumul des facteurs d’adversité, incluant des fréquences élevées de maltraitances (64.8%), d’événements de vie difficile (dont 29.7% de séparations précoces et 36.4% de troubles psychiatriques familiaux). Ils soutiennent ainsi l’idée d’une sous-estimation importante de ces phénomènes en population générale et en psychiatrie, et ce, notamment dans les catégories sociales aisées. Les maltraitances sont associées à la gravité médicale (niveau de fonctionnement global, nombre et durée d’hospitalisation). Les abus sont particulièrement corrélés au nombre d’hospitalisations, alors que les négligences semblent également impacter leur durée et le niveau de gravité médicale de l’adolescent. Cette étude invite à une évaluation systématique des phénomènes d’adversité en pédopsychiatrie, quel que soit le contexte environnemental du patient, et à renforcer les prises en charge familiales ainsi que la prévention des abus et négligences.

Communication through discussion and conversations is fundamental to human life; but when such discourse escapes the control of a teacher in the classroom, it becomes little more than chatter. This noise challenges teaching methods and the teaching stance with students. Yet, its impact on comprehension has rarely been studied. The aim of this literature review was to examine the research on the impact of classroom noise generated by chatter on students’ comprehension performance. We adopted the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis) guidelines to examine this literature. This review covered a 10-year period (papers written between 2009 and 2019), with nine experimental studies selected from the 2,954 papers screened. In 89% of these nine studies, there were significant comprehension differences on all tests, revealed when comprehension took place in a noisy environment due to chatter. This review indicated an essential need for a field survey to better understand the impact of chatter on comprehension. Other studies are recommended to highlight any correlation between measured chatter and student comprehension in a real classroom environment.

BackgroundLiterature data about emotion perception in patients with borderline personality disorders (BPD) revealed some discrepancies between some patients that are vigilant and accurate to detect their emotional environment and others that are impaired at identifying emotions of others. Even if some links between childhood adversity and facial affect recognition have been established, there is a need to understand the heterogeneous psychobiological mechanisms underlying this association. The aim is to distinguish in a BPD sample, the links between facial emotion recognition (FER) and adversity types (maltreatment and parental bonding), by evaluating two dimensions of disengaged and controlling environment.MethodThe study includes BPD adolescents (n = 45) and healthy controls (HC, n = 44): two scores of disengaged environment (parental low care; emotional and physical neglect) and controlling environment (high level of parenting control; emotional, physical and sexual abuse) were established and correlated to FER, as well as to attachment dimensions. Multiple linear regression analyzes were conducted to evaluate the effect of disengaged and controlling dimensions, on FER scores of sensitivity and accuracy, including anxious and avoidant attachment as covariables.ResultsAnalyzes revealed that a disengaged environment was positively correlated to sensitivity in BPD patients, and the correlation was negative in the HC group. Controlling environment was negatively associated to accuracy of emotion in BPD. Avoidant and anxious attachment did not influence these associations.ConclusionsThese results suggest that distinct adverse experiences account for the heterogeneity observed in emotion regulation in BPD patients.

Reposant sur le triptyque de l’Aide Sociale a l’enfance (ASE), l’autorite judiciaire et du secteur associatif habilite, la decision de placement a plusieurs origines. La politique publique de protection de l’enfance enoncee dans la loi du 14 mars 2016 et les reformes en cours en ont modifie l’approche et les differentes etapes. L’ambivalence et les conflits de loyaute de l’enfant « associe aux decisions qui le concernent selon son degre de maturite » (L.112-3, Loi no 2016-297) et/ou les processus subjectifs des professionnels peuvent aussi l’influer. « L’interet superieur de l’enfant » qui n’est plus exclusivement sous la tutelle du pere, la mere et l’Etat ayant progressivement conquis leurs places, est une notion recente. Cependant un nombre, sans cesse grandissant, d’enfants ne peut plus etre accompagne de maniere adaptee. La coordination interinstitutionnelle est complexe. La loi du 5 mars 2007 tente d’y remedier (Jonard, 2013). Dans ce souci de linearite, nous insisterons sur la complexite des prises de decisions, les mecanismes qui les sous-tendent et leurs consequences possibles, ainsi que la volonte des intervenants dans les pratiques.

Les auteurs font œuvre d’un large survol des questions et des idees preconcues autour du virtuel et des ecrans. Faut-il condamner les jeux pour les adolescents quand les adultes y jouent egalement ? Le jeu video ne permet-il pas aussi de tester son ideal du moi sans le danger de la relation brutale a l’autre ? La creation d’avatar n’est-elle pas autant un risque qu’un mode d’experimentation ? Les auteurs concluent que les jeux video sont davantage un revelateur de mal-etre que le reel declencheur de pathologies.

La puberte a longtemps marque le debut de l’adolescence et meme le passage a l’âge adulte. Possible frontiere entre l’enfance et l’adolescence, la puberte survient a des moments tres differents chez les filles et les garcons et pour chaque personne de meme sexe.Le vide entre enfance et âge adulte ne laisse que peu de place a l’adolescence qui devient alors finalement un temps non defini dans la temporalite.Beaucoup d’adolescents et de jeunes adultes vont mal, peut-etre pas autant que la societe ou les medias veulent bien le dire, mais souffrent psychiquement. Il nous appartient, professionnels de l’adolescence, de les accompagner et les aider. Notre but dans cet expose est de temoigner de l’evolution historique des idees et des concepts sur l’adolescence et la post-adolescence.Nous dressons egalement quelques idees directrices sur les differentes modalites de prises en charge et sur les differentes perspectives qui s’ouvrent a nous.

Le texte de l’ordonnance du 2 fevrier 1945 consacre un certain nombre de principes novateurs, parmi lesquels : 1) l’institution du juge des enfants, figure emblematique de la justice des mineurs ; 2) le principe de la primaute de l’educatif sur le repressif ; 3) la mise en place d’un regime de mesures educatives (milieu ouvert et placement) et de sanctions penales specifiques ; 4) le principe de l’irresponsabilite en cas d’absence de discernement ; 5) la mise en place d’un regime de detention particulier et restrictif ainsi que des regles de procedure assouplies, etc. Malgre ses imperfections, cette ordonnance, combinee a celle de 1958, constitue un progres majeur mettant l’accent avant tout sur la protection du mineur qui n’est plus reduit a son acte mais percu et accompagne en fonction de son developpement et de sa maturation. Nous nous proposons de faire le point sur le projet de reforme de cette ordonnance contenu dans les propositions du rapport Varinard en degageant les dangers qu’il contient de faire disparaitre les specificites du statut penal des mineurs. Notre inquietude est de voir s’evanouir le travail de complementarite mis en place entre les differentes institutions prenant en charge ces adolescents en perdition.