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450 results on '"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"'

1. Simultaneous identification of a non-point contaminant source with Gaussian spatially distributed release and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer using the LES-MDA method

Author: Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports, AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Zhang, Wenjun, Xu, Teng, Chen, Zi, Gómez-Hernández, J. Jaime, Lu, Chunhui, Yang, Jie, Ye, Yu, Miao Jing, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports, AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Zhang, Wenjun, Xu, Teng, Chen, Zi, Gómez-Hernández, J. Jaime, Lu, Chunhui, Yang, Jie, Ye, Yu, and Miao Jing
Abstract: [EN] Space -temporal distribution of the contaminant plumes and aquifer properties is critical for groundwater management. However, most previous studies have focused on point source identification, barely exploring the identification of non -point sources. Xu et al. (2022) proposed to identify non -point sources but did not consider uncertainties in aquifer properties and release mass loading. In this work, we have implemented an application of the localized ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (LES-MDA) for the simultaneous identification of Gaussian hydraulic conductivities and non -point source parameters including Gaussian release mass -loading by assimilating both piezometric head and concentration observations in a synthetic confined aquifer. The results prove that the LES-MDA is not only capable of providing accurate identification of the spatial architecture of non -point contaminant sources and related release parameters (such as initial release time, and release duration) but also spatially heterogeneous release mass -loading and hydraulic conductivities.
Published: 2024

2. Planar hyperbolic polaritons in 2D van der Waals materials

Author: National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, Office of Naval Research (US), Department of Science and Technology (India), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Department of Energy (US), US Army Research Office, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Gobierno de Aragón, Wang, Hongwei, Kumar, Anshuman, Dai, Siyuan, Lin, Xiao, Jacob, Zubin, Oh, Sang-Hyun, Menon, Vinod, Narimanov, Evgenii, Kim, Young Duck, Wang, Jian-Ping, Avouris, Phaedon, Martín-Moreno, Luis, Caldwell, Joshua, Low, Tony, National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, Office of Naval Research (US), Department of Science and Technology (India), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Department of Energy (US), US Army Research Office, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Gobierno de Aragón, Wang, Hongwei, Kumar, Anshuman, Dai, Siyuan, Lin, Xiao, Jacob, Zubin, Oh, Sang-Hyun, Menon, Vinod, Narimanov, Evgenii, Kim, Young Duck, Wang, Jian-Ping, Avouris, Phaedon, Martín-Moreno, Luis, Caldwell, Joshua, and Low, Tony
Abstract: Anisotropic planar polaritons - hybrid electromagnetic modes mediated by phonons, plasmons, or excitons - in biaxial two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention due to their fundamental physics and potential nanophotonic applications. In this Perspective, we review the properties of planar hyperbolic polaritons and the variety of methods that can be used to experimentally tune them. We argue that such natural, planar hyperbolic media should be fairly common in biaxial and uniaxial 2D and 1D van der Waals crystals, and identify the untapped opportunities they could enable for functional (i.e. ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric) polaritons. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on the technological applications of such planar hyperbolic polaritons.
Published: 2024

3. Nutrient-induced acidification modulates soil biodiversity-function relationships

Author: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Jiangsu Province, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Jiang, Lin [0000-0002-7114-0794], Hu, Shuijin [0000-0002-3225-5126], Liu, Manqiang [0000-0001-6654-7795], Hu, Zhengkun, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Fanin, Nicolas, Chen, Xiaoyun, Zhou, Yan, Du, Guozhen, Hu, Feng, Jiang, Lin, Hu, Shuijin, Liu, Manqiang, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Jiangsu Province, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Jiang, Lin [0000-0002-7114-0794], Hu, Shuijin [0000-0002-3225-5126], Liu, Manqiang [0000-0001-6654-7795], Hu, Zhengkun, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Fanin, Nicolas, Chen, Xiaoyun, Zhou, Yan, Du, Guozhen, Hu, Feng, Jiang, Lin, Hu, Shuijin, and Liu, Manqiang
Abstract: Nutrient enrichment is a major global change component that often disrupts the relationship between aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem functions by promoting species dominance, altering trophic interactions, and reducing ecosystem stability. Emerging evidence indicates that nutrient enrichment also reduces soil biodiversity and weakens the relationship between belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we explore the effects of nutrient enrichment on soil properties, soil biodiversity, and multiple ecosystem functions through a 13-year field experiment. We show that soil acidification induced by nutrient enrichment, rather than changes in mineral nutrient and carbon (C) availability, is the primary factor negatively affecting the relationship between soil diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions significantly reduce soil pH, diversity of bacteria, fungi and nematodes, as well as an array of ecosystem functions related to C and nutrient cycling. Effects of nutrient enrichment on microbial diversity also have negative consequences at higher trophic levels on the diversity of microbivorous nematodes. These results indicate that nutrient-induced acidification can cascade up its impacts along the soil food webs and influence ecosystem functioning, providing novel insight into the mechanisms through which nutrient enrichment influences soil community and ecosystem properties.
Published: 2024

4. 3D Crustal Architecture and Along-Strike Variation in the Mid-Northern South China Sea Rifted Margin

Author: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China Scholarship Council, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Hao, Shihao, Mei, Lianfu, Ranero, César R., Zhou, Zhichao, Pang, Xiong, Zheng, Jinyun, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China Scholarship Council, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Hao, Shihao, Mei, Lianfu, Ranero, César R., Zhou, Zhichao, Pang, Xiong, and Zheng, Jinyun
Abstract: Rifted margins often show apparent along-strike variations at the continent-ocean transition (COT) region, typically occurring gradually over hundreds-to-thousands of km between the “magma-rich” and “magma-poor” endmembers. In contrast, comparatively smaller-scale lateral variabilities of rifting structure and faulting style in hyper-thinned continental crust are not yet well described. The South China Sea (SCS) was recently defined as the archetype of a new “intermediate-type” margin with neither excess magmatism nor mantle exhumation. However, along-strike crustal variations along this new type of margin are still little explored. Based on previously unpublished 2D grid of seismic reflection lines and overlapping 3D seismic volumes, we have investigated the crustal structure, faulting style, and the lower crustal reflectivity along ∼400 km of the mid-northern SCS margin. Our new maps of crystalline-crust thickness and top basement show that the SCS extension developed in two segments with contrasting tectonic styles separated by a narrow boundary. The eastern domain, resembling a wide-rift model, displays low-angle detachment faults and high-velocity lower crust mainly associated with syn-rift magmatism indicating weak crustal rheology. The neighboring western domain, resembling a narrow rift model, displays steep crustal-scale faults indicating comparatively strong rheology. The change from wide to narrow rift—or weak to strong rheology—occurs abruptly, which appears at odds with the current conventional wisdom of mostly gradual transitions over a long distance between rift models. We speculate that the inherited heterogeneity in mantle composition and 3D melt focusing effect may drive this abrupt along-strike variability in the mid-northern SCS
Published: 2024

5. Fungi and bacteria trade-off mediates drought-induced reduction in wood decomposition

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Zhou, Xuhui [0000-0002-2038-9901], Jia, Shuxian, Yuan, Tengfeng, Fu, Yuling, Peñuelas, Josep, Zhou, Guiyao, Zhou, Lingyan, Liu, Dingqin, He, Yanghui, Liu, Ruiqiang, Wang, Xinxin, Song, Bingqian, Jiang, Zheng, Zhou, Xuhui, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Zhou, Xuhui [0000-0002-2038-9901], Jia, Shuxian, Yuan, Tengfeng, Fu, Yuling, Peñuelas, Josep, Zhou, Guiyao, Zhou, Lingyan, Liu, Dingqin, He, Yanghui, Liu, Ruiqiang, Wang, Xinxin, Song, Bingqian, Jiang, Zheng, and Zhou, Xuhui
Abstract: Climate change has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of drought events in recent decades, which may affect the decomposition of organic matter such as deadwood. Previous studies have examined the impacts of microclimate and wood traits on deadwood decomposition, but how wood microbes regulate effects of drought intensity on deadwood decomposition remains unclear. In this study, a field drought experiment was conducted with three throughfall exclusion levels (i.e., control, −35% and −70% rainfall treatments) in a subtropical forest to probe relative importance of microclimate, wood traits, and microbial biomass on wood decomposition. Our results showed that the −35% and −70% rainfall treatments significantly decreased wood CO2 efflux by 28.27% and 47.49%, respectively. Drought-induced decreases in wood CO2 efflux were mainly mediated by wood microbial biomass, particularly wood fungi biomass. The structural equation modelling indicated a shift in the dominant wood microbial communities in regulating wood CO2 efflux from bacteria to fungi as drought intensities increased. Our findings highlight the crucial role of wood microbial community with the trade-off between fungi and bacteria on deadwood decomposition under drought, which should be taken into account to decode forest carbon cycle − climate feedback in the future research.
Published: 2024

6. Mycorrhizal associations relate to stable convergence in plant-microbial competition for nitrogen absorption under high nitrogen conditions

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Fu, Yuling [0000-0001-6286-8866], He, Yanghui [0000-0002-9192-7017], Chen, Hongyang [0000-0002-7394-1747], Zhou, Xuhui [0000-0002-2038-9901], Du, Zhenggang, Zhou, Lingyan, Thakur, Madhav P., Zhou, Guiyao, Fu, Yuling, Li, Nan, Liu, Ruiqiang, He, Yanghui, Chen, Hongyang, Li, Jie, Zhou, Huimin, Li, Ming, Lu, Meng, Zhou, Xuhui, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Fu, Yuling [0000-0001-6286-8866], He, Yanghui [0000-0002-9192-7017], Chen, Hongyang [0000-0002-7394-1747], Zhou, Xuhui [0000-0002-2038-9901], Du, Zhenggang, Zhou, Lingyan, Thakur, Madhav P., Zhou, Guiyao, Fu, Yuling, Li, Nan, Liu, Ruiqiang, He, Yanghui, Chen, Hongyang, Li, Jie, Zhou, Huimin, Li, Ming, Lu, Meng, and Zhou, Xuhui
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) immobilization (Nim, including microbial N assimilation) and plant N uptake (PNU) are the two most important pathways of N retention in soils. The ratio of Nim to PNU (hereafter Nim:PNU ratio) generally reflects the degree of N limitation for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the key factors driving the pattern of Nim:PNU ratio across global ecosystems remain unclear. Here, using a global data set of 1018 observations from 184 studies, we examined the relative importance of mycorrhizal associations, climate, plant, and soil properties on the Nim:PNU ratio across terrestrial ecosystems. Our results show that mycorrhizal fungi type (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi) in combination with soil inorganic N mainly explain the global variation in the Nim:PNU ratio in terrestrial ecosystems. In AM fungi-associated ecosystems, the relationship between Nim and PNU displays a weaker negative correlation (r = −.06, p < .001), whereas there is a stronger positive correlation (r = .25, p < .001) in EM fungi-associated ecosystems. Our meta-analysis thus suggests that the AM-associated plants display a weak interaction with soil microorganisms for N absorption, while EM-associated plants cooperate with soil microorganisms. Furthermore, we find that the Nim:PNU ratio for both AM- and EM-associated ecosystems gradually converge around a stable value (13.8 ± 0.5 for AM- and 12.1 ± 1.2 for EM-associated ecosystems) under high soil inorganic N conditions. Our findings highlight the dependence of plant–microbial interaction for N absorption on both plant mycorrhizal association and soil inorganic N, with the stable convergence of the Nim:PNU ratio under high soil N conditions.
Published: 2024

7. Stay in touch with the endoplasmic reticulum

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Nankai University, Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Sun, Sha, Zhao, Gan, Jia, Mingkang, Jiang, Qing, Li, Shulin, Wang, Haibin, Li, Wenjing, Wang, Yunyun, Bian, Xin, Zhao, Yan G., Huang, Xun, Yang, Ge, Cai, Huaqing, Pastor-Pareja, José Carlos, Ge, Liang, Zhang, Chuanmao, Hu, Junjie, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Nankai University, Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Sun, Sha, Zhao, Gan, Jia, Mingkang, Jiang, Qing, Li, Shulin, Wang, Haibin, Li, Wenjing, Wang, Yunyun, Bian, Xin, Zhao, Yan G., Huang, Xun, Yang, Ge, Cai, Huaqing, Pastor-Pareja, José Carlos, Ge, Liang, Zhang, Chuanmao, and Hu, Junjie
Abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets, forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic cells. As a result, it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites (MCSs). These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling, including fusion and fission, facilitate precise lipid exchange, and couple vital signaling events. Here, we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar contact. The molecular basis, cellular influence, and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, lipid droplets, autophagosomes, and plasma membrane are summarized.
Published: 2024

8. Geologically younger ecosystems are more dependent on soil biodiversity for supporting function

Author: National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Feng, Jiao [0000-0003-2879-3498], Liu, Yurong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Tan, Wenfeng [0000-0002-3098-2928], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Feng, Jiao, Liu, Yurong, Eldridge, David J., Huang, Qiaoyun, Tan, Wenfeng, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Feng, Jiao [0000-0003-2879-3498], Liu, Yurong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Tan, Wenfeng [0000-0002-3098-2928], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Feng, Jiao, Liu, Yurong, Eldridge, David J., Huang, Qiaoyun, Tan, Wenfeng, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
Abstract: Soil biodiversity contains the metabolic toolbox supporting organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in the soil. However, as soil develops over millions of years, the buildup of plant cover, soil carbon and microbial biomass may relax the dependence of soil functions on soil biodiversity. To test this hypothesis, we evaluate the within-site soil biodiversity and function relationships across 87 globally distributed ecosystems ranging in soil age from centuries to millennia. We found that within-site soil biodiversity and function relationship is negatively correlated with soil age, suggesting a stronger dependence of ecosystem functioning on soil biodiversity in geologically younger than older ecosystems. We further show that increases in plant cover, soil carbon and microbial biomass as ecosystems develop, particularly in wetter conditions, lessen the critical need of soil biodiversity to sustain function. Our work highlights the importance of soil biodiversity for supporting function in drier and geologically younger ecosystems with low microbial biomass. © The Author(s) 2024.
Published: 2024

9. Giant tunnelling electroresistance in atomic-scale ferroelectric tunnel junctions

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, National Thousand Young Talents program of China, Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Jia, Yueyang, Yang, Qianqian, Fang, Yue-Wen, Lu, Yue, Xie, Maosong, Wei, Jianyong, Tian, Jianjun, Zhang, Linxing, Yang, Rui, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, National Thousand Young Talents program of China, Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Jia, Yueyang, Yang, Qianqian, Fang, Yue-Wen, Lu, Yue, Xie, Maosong, Wei, Jianyong, Tian, Jianjun, Zhang, Linxing, and Yang, Rui
Abstract: Ferroelectric tunnel junctions are promising towards high-reliability and low-power non-volatile memories and computing devices. Yet it is challenging to maintain a high tunnelling electroresistance when the ferroelectric layer is thinned down towards atomic scale because of the ferroelectric structural instability and large depolarization field. Here we report ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on samarium-substituted layered bismuth oxide, which can maintain tunnelling electroresistance of 7 × 105 with the samarium-substituted bismuth oxide film down to one nanometer, three orders of magnitude higher than previous reports with such thickness, owing to efficient barrier modulation by the large ferroelectric polarization. These ferroelectric tunnel junctions demonstrate up to 32 resistance states without any write-verify technique, high endurance (over 5 × 109), high linearity of conductance modulation, and long retention time (10 years). Furthermore, tunnelling electroresistance over 109 is achieved in ferroelectric tunnel junctions with 4.6-nanometer samarium-substituted bismuth oxide layer, which is higher than commercial flash memories. The results show high potential towards multi-level and reliable non-volatile memories.
Published: 2024

10. Metabolic coupling between soil aerobic methanotrophs and denitrifiers in rice paddy fields

Author: National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, European Commission, Feng, Jiao [0000-0003-2879-3498], Yang, Ziming [0000-0003-0312-8408], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Cai, Peng [0000-0002-3103-1542], Tang, Wenfeng [0000-0002-3098-2928], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Chen, Kang-Hua, Feng, Jiao, Bodelier, Paul L. E., Yang, Ziming, Huang, Qiaoyun, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Cai, Peng, Tang, Wenfeng, Liu, Yu-Rong, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, European Commission, Feng, Jiao [0000-0003-2879-3498], Yang, Ziming [0000-0003-0312-8408], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Cai, Peng [0000-0002-3103-1542], Tang, Wenfeng [0000-0002-3098-2928], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Chen, Kang-Hua, Feng, Jiao, Bodelier, Paul L. E., Yang, Ziming, Huang, Qiaoyun, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Cai, Peng, Tang, Wenfeng, and Liu, Yu-Rong
Abstract: Paddy fields are hotspots of microbial denitrification, which is typically linked to the oxidation of electron donors such as methane (CH4) under anoxic and hypoxic conditions. While several anaerobic methanotrophs can facilitate denitrification intracellularly, whether and how aerobic CH4 oxidation couples with denitrification in hypoxic paddy fields remains virtually unknown. Here we combine a ~3300 km field study across main rice-producing areas of China and 13CH4-DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments to investigate the role of soil aerobic CH4 oxidation in supporting denitrification. Our results reveal positive relationships between CH4 oxidation and denitrification activities and genes across various climatic regions. Microcosm experiments confirm that CH4 and methanotroph addition promote gene expression involved in denitrification and increase nitrous oxide emissions. Moreover, 13CH4-DNA-SIP analyses identify over 70 phylotypes harboring genes associated with denitrification and assimilating 13C, which are mostly belonged to Rubrivivax, Magnetospirillum, and Bradyrhizobium. Combined analyses of 13C-metagenome-assembled genomes and 13C-metabolomics highlight the importance of intermediates such as acetate, propionate and lactate, released during aerobic CH4 oxidation, for the coupling of CH4 oxidation with denitrification. Our work identifies key microbial taxa and pathways driving coupled aerobic CH4 oxidation and denitrification, with important implications for nitrogen management and greenhouse gas regulation in agroecosystems.
Published: 2024

11. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author: European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Hermon Slade Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Science Foundation (US), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Asia Foundation, Northern Arizona University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Gross, Nicolas [0000-0001-9730-3240], Mallen-Cooper, Max [0000-0002-8799-8728], Ochoa, Victoria [0000-0002-2055-2094], Gozalo, Beatriz [0000-0003-3082-4695], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], García-Gómez, Miguel [0000-0003-3148-1495], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime [0000-0001-5859-5674], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Ahmadian , Negar [0000-0003-1191-3019], Ahumada, Rodrigo J. [0000-0002-7246-4459], Alcántara, Julio M. [0000-0002-8003-7844], Amghar, Fateh [0000-0003-0379-7273], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Blaum, Niels [0000-0001-6807-5162], Boldgiv, Bazartseren [0000-0003-0015-8142], Browker, Matthew A. [0000-0002-5891-0264], Bran, Donaldo [0000-0001-7749-2726], Bu, Chongfeng [0000-0002-5839-7229], Canessa, Rafaella [0000-0002-6979-9880], Castro, Ignacio [0000-0002-7594-6824], Castro-Quezada, Patricio [0000-0002-2366-2256], Cesarz, Simone [0000-0003-2334-5119], Conceição, Abel A. [0000-0001-7461-0133], Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony [0000-0002-2825-7962], Davila, Yvonne C. [0000-0002-5144-5742], Deák, Balázs [0000-0001-6938-1997], Donoso, David [0000-0002-3408-1457], Dougill, Andrew [0000-0002-3422-8228], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Espinosa, Carlos Iván [0000-0002-5330-4505], Fajardo, Alex [0000-0002-2202-6207], Farzam, Mohammad [0000-0003-1947-0187], Fraser, L. H. [0000-0003-3998-5540], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Hernández, Rosa M. [0000-0003-0689-8862], Jadán, Oswaldo. [0000-0002-7865-2418], Jentsch, Anke [0000-0002-2345-8300], Kaseke, Kudzai Farai [0000-0002-3856-0711], Köbel, Melanie [0000-0001-8272-7999], Lehmann, Anika [0000-0002-9101-9297], Liancourt, Pierre [0000-0002-3109-8755], Linstädter, Anja [0000-0003-0038-9557], Low, Michelle A. [0000-0002-2148-9752], Maggs Kölling, Gillian [0000-0003-3296-8553], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Malam Issa, Oumarou [0000-0001-8357-914X], Marais, Eugene [0000-0001-7155-9942], Mendoza, Betty [0000-0003-1149-7801], Mora, Juan P. [0000-0002-6335-0150], Moreno, Gerardo [0000-0001-8053-2696], Munson, Seth M. [0000-0002-2736-6374], Nunes, Alice [0000-0002-6900-3838], Oliva, Gabriel [0000-0002-7839-8851], Oñatibia, Gastón [0000-0003-2329-6601], Peter, Guadalupe [0000-0002-7792-7045], Pueyo, Yolanda [0000-0001-6970-7790], Quiroga, R Emiliano [0000-0001-9785-451X], Reed, Sasha C. [0000-0002-8597-8619], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rey, P.J. [0000-0001-5550-0393], Rolo, Víctor [0000-0001-5854-9512], Rillig, Matthias C. [0000-0003-3541-7853], Le Roux, Peter C. [0000-0002-7941-7444], Salah, Ayman [0000-0003-0596-1292], Stavi, Ilan [0000-0001-9725-0003], Stephens, Colton R. A. [0000-0002-8744-6405], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Thomas, Andrew [0000-0002-1360-1687], Travers, Samantha [0000-0002-6252-1667], Valkó, Orsolya [0000-0001-7919-6293], van den Brink, Liesbeth [0000-0003-0313-8147], Velbert, Frederike [0000-0003-0499-3807], von Heßberg, Andreas [0009-0007-0303-3624], Wamiti, Wanyoike [0000-0001-7300-2101], Wang, Deli [0000-0001-6576-9193], Wang, Lixin [0000-0003-0968-1247], Wardle, Glenda M. [0000-0003-0189-1899], Yahdjian, Laura [0000-0002-9635-1221], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Yuanming, Zhang [0000-0003-1370-4181], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, O., Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Sáiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew, Tielbörger, Katja, Torres Robles, Silvia, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Gozalo, Beatriz, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Yuanming, Zhang, Zhou, Xiaobing, Maestre, Fernando T., Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza de Carlos, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian , Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Browker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David, Dougill, Andrew, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, L. H., Gaitán, Juan J., Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hölzel, Norbert, Mendes Hughes, Frederic, Jadán, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai Farai, Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Low, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón, Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Ana, Rey, P.J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor Manuel, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., Le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan C., Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton R. A., European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Hermon Slade Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Science Foundation (US), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Asia Foundation, Northern Arizona University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Gross, Nicolas [0000-0001-9730-3240], Mallen-Cooper, Max [0000-0002-8799-8728], Ochoa, Victoria [0000-0002-2055-2094], Gozalo, Beatriz [0000-0003-3082-4695], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], García-Gómez, Miguel [0000-0003-3148-1495], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime [0000-0001-5859-5674], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Ahmadian , Negar [0000-0003-1191-3019], Ahumada, Rodrigo J. [0000-0002-7246-4459], Alcántara, Julio M. [0000-0002-8003-7844], Amghar, Fateh [0000-0003-0379-7273], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Blaum, Niels [0000-0001-6807-5162], Boldgiv, Bazartseren [0000-0003-0015-8142], Browker, Matthew A. [0000-0002-5891-0264], Bran, Donaldo [0000-0001-7749-2726], Bu, Chongfeng [0000-0002-5839-7229], Canessa, Rafaella [0000-0002-6979-9880], Castro, Ignacio [0000-0002-7594-6824], Castro-Quezada, Patricio [0000-0002-2366-2256], Cesarz, Simone [0000-0003-2334-5119], Conceição, Abel A. [0000-0001-7461-0133], Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony [0000-0002-2825-7962], Davila, Yvonne C. [0000-0002-5144-5742], Deák, Balázs [0000-0001-6938-1997], Donoso, David [0000-0002-3408-1457], Dougill, Andrew [0000-0002-3422-8228], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Espinosa, Carlos Iván [0000-0002-5330-4505], Fajardo, Alex [0000-0002-2202-6207], Farzam, Mohammad [0000-0003-1947-0187], Fraser, L. H. [0000-0003-3998-5540], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Hernández, Rosa M. [0000-0003-0689-8862], Jadán, Oswaldo. [0000-0002-7865-2418], Jentsch, Anke [0000-0002-2345-8300], Kaseke, Kudzai Farai [0000-0002-3856-0711], Köbel, Melanie [0000-0001-8272-7999], Lehmann, Anika [0000-0002-9101-9297], Liancourt, Pierre [0000-0002-3109-8755], Linstädter, Anja [0000-0003-0038-9557], Low, Michelle A. [0000-0002-2148-9752], Maggs Kölling, Gillian [0000-0003-3296-8553], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Malam Issa, Oumarou [0000-0001-8357-914X], Marais, Eugene [0000-0001-7155-9942], Mendoza, Betty [0000-0003-1149-7801], Mora, Juan P. [0000-0002-6335-0150], Moreno, Gerardo [0000-0001-8053-2696], Munson, Seth M. [0000-0002-2736-6374], Nunes, Alice [0000-0002-6900-3838], Oliva, Gabriel [0000-0002-7839-8851], Oñatibia, Gastón [0000-0003-2329-6601], Peter, Guadalupe [0000-0002-7792-7045], Pueyo, Yolanda [0000-0001-6970-7790], Quiroga, R Emiliano [0000-0001-9785-451X], Reed, Sasha C. [0000-0002-8597-8619], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rey, P.J. [0000-0001-5550-0393], Rolo, Víctor [0000-0001-5854-9512], Rillig, Matthias C. [0000-0003-3541-7853], Le Roux, Peter C. [0000-0002-7941-7444], Salah, Ayman [0000-0003-0596-1292], Stavi, Ilan [0000-0001-9725-0003], Stephens, Colton R. A. [0000-0002-8744-6405], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Thomas, Andrew [0000-0002-1360-1687], Travers, Samantha [0000-0002-6252-1667], Valkó, Orsolya [0000-0001-7919-6293], van den Brink, Liesbeth [0000-0003-0313-8147], Velbert, Frederike [0000-0003-0499-3807], von Heßberg, Andreas [0009-0007-0303-3624], Wamiti, Wanyoike [0000-0001-7300-2101], Wang, Deli [0000-0001-6576-9193], Wang, Lixin [0000-0003-0968-1247], Wardle, Glenda M. [0000-0003-0189-1899], Yahdjian, Laura [0000-0002-9635-1221], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Yuanming, Zhang [0000-0003-1370-4181], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, O., Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Sáiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew, Tielbörger, Katja, Torres Robles, Silvia, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Gozalo, Beatriz, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Yuanming, Zhang, Zhou, Xiaobing, Maestre, Fernando T., Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza de Carlos, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian , Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Browker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David, Dougill, Andrew, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, L. H., Gaitán, Juan J., Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hölzel, Norbert, Mendes Hughes, Frederic, Jadán, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai Farai, Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Low, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón, Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Ana, Rey, P.J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor Manuel, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., Le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan C., Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, and Stephens, Colton R. A.
Abstract: Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure and herbivore type, climate and plant functional traits on 24 soil physical and chemical attributes that represent proxies of key ecosystem services related to decomposition, soil fertility, and soil and water conservation. To do this, we conducted a standardized global survey of 288 plots at 88 sites in 25 countries worldwide. We show that aridity and plant traits are the major factors associated with the magnitude of plant effects on fertile islands in grazed drylands worldwide. Grazing pressure had little influence on the capacity of plants to support fertile islands. Taller and wider shrubs and grasses supported stronger island effects. Stable and functional soils tended to be linked to species-rich sites with taller plants. Together, our findings dispel the notion that grazing pressure or herbivore type are linked to the formation or intensification of fertile islands in drylands. Rather, our study suggests that changes in aridity, and processes that alter island identity and therefore plant traits, will have marked effects on how perennial plants support and maintain the functioning of drylands in a more arid and grazed world.
Published: 2024

12. Numerical analysis on transition sequence and heat transfer capacity of film boiling with a uniform electric field

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, National Natural Science Foundation. China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Junta de Andalucía, Wang Qi, Pérez Izquierdo, Alberto Tomás, Huang, Junyu, Guan, Yifei, Wu, Jian, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, National Natural Science Foundation. China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Junta de Andalucía, Wang Qi, Pérez Izquierdo, Alberto Tomás, Huang, Junyu, Guan, Yifei, and Wu, Jian
Abstract: A finite volume method solver for the electric field-enhanced boiling is developed based on the OpenFoam v2012 framework. The filmboiling scenario with the influence of electric fields is numerically analyzed. By coupling the Tanasawa model and the leaky-dielectric model, the accuracy of the numerical description of the natural physical phenomenon is improved. For an overheated temperature of DT ¼ 5, 10, 20 K, the system exhibits a classic quasi-periodicity sequence, an alternate periodic-chaotic sequence, and a periodic-chaotic sequence, respectively. The results show that the bubble column scenario leads to a better heat transfer capacity. The vertical electric field can improve the heat transfer capacity by elongating the bubble, accelerating the bubble release frequency, and promoting the system from film boiling to nucleate boiling. The maximum time-averaged Nusselt number of the system is calculated to be 23.42, and the maximum heat transfer enhancement ratio is 5.08.
Published: 2023

13. Prolonged creep lifetime of ferritic self-healing steels achieved by offline healing treatment

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Yu, Hao, Yang, Shoukui, Shao, Jianfeng, San-Martín, David, Wu, Wei, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Yu, Hao, Yang, Shoukui, Shao, Jianfeng, San-Martín, David, and Wu, Wei
Abstract: For the ferritic self-healing (FSH) steel, it remains challenging to solve the low healing efficiency problem, due to the mismatch between the formation kinetics of creep cavities and the precipitation kinetics of healing agents. In this research, an offline healing treatment has been proposed to stimulate the formation of the Laves phase precipitates as self-healing agents to retard creep cavity growth at elevated temperatures. The corresponding treatment parameters were determined by the precipitation behaviors of Laves phases on the external free surfaces and internal cavity surfaces of FSH steels. Results have shown that the creep lifetime of the offline healing treated samples can be extended more than 30% compared to that of non-healed sample, while the creep rates can be reduced by one order of magnitude. The formation kinetics of Laves phases and creep cavities have been quantitatively analyzed. It was found that after the offline healing treatments, the average cavity sizes of the samples decreased significantly, while the growth rates of creep cavities rather than the nucleation kinetics are compensated by the healing phenomena of Laves phase formation. The relationship between the extended lifetime and filling ratios of creep cavities by the healing agents was established as well. The demonstrated potential of offline healing treatments provides a new strategy to cultivate the self-healing capabilities of heat resistant steels.
Published: 2023

14. Exploring the Performance and Mass-Transfer Characteristics of Porous Zinc Anodes for Membraneless Hybrid-Flow Batteries

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), University of Malaysia Pahan, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Tang, Lina, Dai, Shuyang, Leung, Puiki, Mohamed, Mohd Rusllim, Zeng, Yikai, Zhu, Xun, Flox, Cristina, Shah, Akeel A., Liao, Qiang, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), University of Malaysia Pahan, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Tang, Lina, Dai, Shuyang, Leung, Puiki, Mohamed, Mohd Rusllim, Zeng, Yikai, Zhu, Xun, Flox, Cristina, Shah, Akeel A., and Liao, Qiang
Abstract: Zinc-based hybrid-flow batteries are considered as a promising alternative to conventional electrochemical energy-storage systems for medium- to large-scale applications due to their high energy densities, safety, and abundance. However, the performance of these batteries has been limited by issues such as dendritic growth and passivation of zinc anodes during charge–discharge cycling. To address this challenge, a variety of two- and three-dimensional zinc anodes have been investigated. While two-dimensional zinc anodes have been extensively studied, there has been limited investigation into three-dimensional zinc anodes for hybrid-flow batteries. This study highlights the potential of three-dimensional zinc anodes to mitigate overpotentials and improve the mass transport of active species to promote negative electrode reactions. The performance of a membraneless flow battery based on low-cost zinc and organic quinone was herein evaluated using experimental and numerical approaches. Specifically, the use of zinc fiber was shown to yield an average coulombic efficiency of approximately 90% and an average voltage efficiency of approximately 82% over the course of 100 cycles at a current density of 30 mA cm−2. These results indicate the viability of using zinc fiber anodes to improve the performance of existing hybrid-flow batteries.
Published: 2023

15. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author: Russian Science Foundation, University of Göttingen, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Estonian Science Foundation, European Research Council, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Government of Austria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Crowther, Thomas W. [0000-0001-5674-8913], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Potapov, Anton, Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kovac, L'ubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gómez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Handa, I. Tanya, Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Russian Science Foundation, University of Göttingen, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Estonian Science Foundation, European Research Council, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Government of Austria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Crowther, Thomas W. [0000-0001-5674-8913], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Potapov, Anton, Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kovac, L'ubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gómez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Handa, I. Tanya, Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, and Xie, Zhijing
Abstract: Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.
Published: 2023

16. Capital cost evaluation of conventional and emerging redox flow batteries for grid storage applications

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Tang, Lina, Leung, Puiki, Mohamed, Mohd Rusllim, Xu, Q., Dai, Shuyang, Zhu, X., Flox, Cristina, Shah, Akeel A., Liao, Qiang, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Tang, Lina, Leung, Puiki, Mohamed, Mohd Rusllim, Xu, Q., Dai, Shuyang, Zhu, X., Flox, Cristina, Shah, Akeel A., and Liao, Qiang
Abstract: Redox flow battery (RFB) is a promising technology to store large amounts of energies in liquid electrolytes attributable to their unique architectures. In recent years, various new chemistries have been introduced in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes as pathways to lower-cost systems, eventually meeting the long-term cost target of USD$ < 100 (kW h)−1 for board market penetration. Since there is a lack of capital cost data available for flow batteries under the same criteria and assumptions, a fact-based techno-economic analysis is evaluated based on real systems to facilitate the explorations of more competitive systems. In total, nine conventional and emerging flow battery systems are evaluated based on aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes using existing architectures. This analysis is attempted to evaluate the feasibility of these emerging systems to meet the cost target and to predict their technological prospects for energy storage applications. The capital costs of these resulting flow batteries are compared and discussed, providing suggestions for further improvements to meet the ambitious cost target in long-term.
Published: 2023

17. Coal power decarbonization via biomass co-firing with carbon capture and storage: Tradeoff between exergy loss and GHG reduction

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Xie, Shize [0000-0002-1048-0541], Yang, Qing [0000-0003-4251-554X], Wang, Qingrui [0000-0002-0852-0743], Zhou, Hewen [0000-0003-2192-0570], Bartocci, Pietro [0000-0002-9888-6852], Fantozzi, Francesco [0000-0002-8674-8364], Yang, Quing [qyang@hust.edu.cn], Wang, Qingrui [wangqr@hust.edu.cn], Xie, Shize, Yang, Qing, Wang, Qingrui, Zhou, Hewen, Bartocci, Pietro, Fantozzi, Francesco, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Xie, Shize [0000-0002-1048-0541], Yang, Qing [0000-0003-4251-554X], Wang, Qingrui [0000-0002-0852-0743], Zhou, Hewen [0000-0003-2192-0570], Bartocci, Pietro [0000-0002-9888-6852], Fantozzi, Francesco [0000-0002-8674-8364], Yang, Quing [qyang@hust.edu.cn], Wang, Qingrui [wangqr@hust.edu.cn], Xie, Shize, Yang, Qing, Wang, Qingrui, Zhou, Hewen, Bartocci, Pietro, and Fantozzi, Francesco
Abstract: Co-firing of coal and biomass is a feasible pathway for low- or even negative-carbon transformation of power sector in countries that rely on coal. There are two main kinds of coal and biomass co-firing pathways: biomass gasification co-firing with pulverized coal (BGCPC) and biomass direct co-firing with pulverized coal (BDCPC). However, few attentions have been paid to the comparative study of techno-environmental assessments for the above two main technologies with or without carbon capture and storage (CCS). Here we present a comparative system evaluation framework based on chemical simulation and life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare the energy performances and environmental impacts of different biomass co-firing and CCS technology combinations. A new metric, global warming potential of per unit exergy efficiency loss (GWPUEL) is proposed to reveal the trade-off between greenhouse gas (GHG) emission abatement and exergy efficiency loss. Results show that BGCPC-CCS units of all capacities can achieve negative life-cycle GHG emissions under 25% co-firing ratio scenario, but only 1000 MW BDCPC-CCS units can achieve near-zero life-cycle GHG emissions. Though 300 MW units show the minimum carbon reduction potential among all the selected capacities, they can achieve the most promising GWPUEL benefits for their mild exergy efficiency loss after CCS retrofit. This indicator provides a comprehensive viewpoint to weigh the compromise between energy performance and environmental burdens of different bio-based and CCS technology combinations, further facilitating various decarbonization schemes of global power sector under the carbon neutrality target.
Published: 2023

18. Mesoporous single-crystal-based TiO2 microspheres decorated by carbon nitride for obviously improved photocatalytic performance and recyclability

Author: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Li, Chen, Shen, Shitai, Niu, Jinan, Reka, Arianit A., Feng, Peizhong, García Gómez, Hermenegildo, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Li, Chen, Shen, Shitai, Niu, Jinan, Reka, Arianit A., Feng, Peizhong, and García Gómez, Hermenegildo
Abstract: A novel porous TiO (PT) with mesoporous single-crystal-based microsphere morphology has been synthesized by a hard-template method and then decorated by graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN, CN) nanosheets. The prepared composites (CN/PT) exhibit improved photocatalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue (MB) compared to nonporous bulk TiO (BT), PT and g-CN, and much better recyclability than commercial P25 TiO. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity of composites can be attributed to the increased active sites on PT surfaces, and the Z-scheme heterojunction promoting charge separation of photogenerated carriers.
Published: 2023

19. Effects of integrated rice-crayfish farming on soil biodiversity and functions

Author: National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Huazhong Agricultural University, Feng, Jiao [0000-0003-2879-3498], Hu, Hang-Wei [0000-0002-3294-102X], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Tan, Wenfeng [0000-0002-3098-2928], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Feng, Jiao, Pan, Rong, Hu, Hang-Wei, Huang, Qiaoyun, Zheng, Jiaoli, Tan, Wenfeng, Liu, Yu-Rong, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Huazhong Agricultural University, Feng, Jiao [0000-0003-2879-3498], Hu, Hang-Wei [0000-0002-3294-102X], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Tan, Wenfeng [0000-0002-3098-2928], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Feng, Jiao, Pan, Rong, Hu, Hang-Wei, Huang, Qiaoyun, Zheng, Jiaoli, Tan, Wenfeng, Liu, Yu-Rong, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
Published: 2023

20. Sodium-Sulfur Batteries with Unprecedented Capacity, Cycling Stability and Operation Temperature Range Enabled by a CoFe2O4 Catalytic Additive Under an External Magnetic Field

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), China Scholarship Council, Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cabot, Andreu [0000-0002-7533-3251], Zhang, Chao Yue, Gong, Li, Zhang, Chaoqi, Cheng, Xu, Balcells, Lluís, Zeng, Guifang, Jacas Biendicho, Jordi, Li, Junshan, Sun, Geng Zhi, Zhou, Jin Yuan, Cabot, Andreu, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), China Scholarship Council, Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cabot, Andreu [0000-0002-7533-3251], Zhang, Chao Yue, Gong, Li, Zhang, Chaoqi, Cheng, Xu, Balcells, Lluís, Zeng, Guifang, Jacas Biendicho, Jordi, Li, Junshan, Sun, Geng Zhi, Zhou, Jin Yuan, and Cabot, Andreu
Abstract: The electrochemical performance of room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries (SSBs) is limited by slow reaction kinetics and sulfur loss in the form of sodium polysulfides (SPSs). Here, it is demonstrated that through electron spin polarization, at no additional energy cost, an external magnetic field (M on) generated by a permanent magnet can significantly improve the SPSs adsorption capacity and reaction dynamics of a ferrimagnetic sulfur host. More specifically, the preparation of a carbon nanofiber/CoFe2O4/S (CNF/CoFe2O4/S) cathode with unprecedented performance and stability at ambient temperature is detailed when M on. It is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the magnetic field polarizes the electrons of Co ions, enhancing the adsorption of SPSs and their catalytic conversion. CNF/CoFe2O4/S cathodes with spin polarization provide unprecedented decay rates down to 0.0039% per cycle at 1.0 C for 2700 cycles. The performance of SSBs is further tested, which has 248 mAh g−1 under 1.0 C after 100 cycles when M on. Furthermore, it is evidenced that even when removing the external magnetic field, the magnetic polarization effect persists, opening the door for practical applications. This study not only demonstrates an effective strategy to improve electrochemical performance in SSBs, but also contributes to the enrichments of spin effects in the fields of electrocatalysis.
Published: 2023

21. Microbial autotrophy explains large-scale soil CO2 fixation

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Liao, Hao [0000-0002-5561-9295], Hao, Wiuli [0000-0002-7963-6356], Qin, Fei [0000-0002-0375-5148], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Zhou, Jizhong [0000-0003-2014-0564], Cai, Peng [0000-0002-3103-1542], Chen, Wenli [0000-0003-1717-1263], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Liao, Hao, Hao, Xiuli, Qin, Fei, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Liu, Yu-Rong, Zhou, Jizhong, Cai, Peng, Chen, Wenli, Huang, Qiaoyun, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Liao, Hao [0000-0002-5561-9295], Hao, Wiuli [0000-0002-7963-6356], Qin, Fei [0000-0002-0375-5148], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Zhou, Jizhong [0000-0003-2014-0564], Cai, Peng [0000-0002-3103-1542], Chen, Wenli [0000-0003-1717-1263], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Liao, Hao, Hao, Xiuli, Qin, Fei, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Liu, Yu-Rong, Zhou, Jizhong, Cai, Peng, Chen, Wenli, and Huang, Qiaoyun
Abstract: Microbial communities play critical roles in fixing carbon from the atmosphere and fixing it in the soils. However, the large-scale variations and drivers of these microbial communities remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a large-scale survey across China and found that soil autotrophic organisms are critical for explaining CO2 fluxes from the atmosphere to soils. In particular, we showed that large-scale variations in CO2 fixation rates are highly correlated to those in autotrophic bacteria and phototrophic protists. Paddy soils, supporting a larger proportion of obligate bacterial and protist autotrophs, display four-fold of CO2 fixation rates over upland and forest soils. Precipitation and pH, together with key ecological clusters of autotrophic microbes, also played important roles in controlling CO2 fixation. Our work provides a novel quantification on the contribution of terrestrial autotrophic microbes to soil CO2 fixation processes at a large scale, with implications for global carbon regulation under climate change. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Published: 2023

22. Relationships of life satisfaction with commuting and built environment: A longitudinal analysis

Author: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Wang, Xiaoquan, Wang, Weifeng, Yin, Chaoying, Shao, Chunfu, Luo, Sida, Liu, Erjian, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Wang, Xiaoquan, Wang, Weifeng, Yin, Chaoying, Shao, Chunfu, Luo, Sida, and Liu, Erjian
Abstract: Although detrimental effects of commuting have been widely researched, little longitudinal evidence can be found regarding whether changes in commuting time and modes cause changes in life satisfaction. This study examines the relationships of life satisfaction with commuting from a longitudinal perspective. The effects of built environment are also examined. Using longitudinal survey data from 4505 respondents in China, the findings show that the increase in commuting time associates with losses in life satisfaction. Switching from non-active modes to active modes associates with increases in life satisfaction. Nonetheless, switching from active modes to non-active modes only reduces life satisfaction for people who experienced changes in some specific built environment attributes (e.g., increasing population density). Most changes in built environment associate with life satisfaction changes. The findings suggest that policy and planning efforts to promote active commuting and reduce commuting time (e.g., providing walkable and cyclist-friendly environment and promoting job–housing balance) should continue.
Published: 2023

23. Co-application of biochar and organic amendments on soil greenhouse gas emissions: A meta-analysis

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, Zhou, Xuhui [0000-0002-2038-9901], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Fu, Jia, Zhou, Xuhui, Liu, Ruiqiang, Yao, Yixian, Zhou, Guiyao, Chen, Hongyang, Zhou, Lingyan, Fu, Yuling, Bai, Shahla Hosseini, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, Zhou, Xuhui [0000-0002-2038-9901], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Fu, Jia, Zhou, Xuhui, Liu, Ruiqiang, Yao, Yixian, Zhou, Guiyao, Chen, Hongyang, Zhou, Lingyan, Fu, Yuling, and Bai, Shahla Hosseini
Abstract: Biochar has been shown to reduce soil greenhouse gas (GHG) and increase nutrient retention in soil; however, the interaction between biochar and organic amendments on GHG emissions remain largely unclear. In this study, we collected 162 two-factor observations to explore how biochar and organic amendments jointly affect soil GHG emissions. Our results showed that biochar addition significantly increased soil CO2 emission by 8.62 %, but reduced CH4 and N2O emissions by 27.0 % and 23.9 %, respectively. Meanwhile, organic amendments and the co-application with biochar resulted in an increase of global warming potential based on the 100-year time horizon (GWP100) by an average of 18.3 % and 26.1 %. More importantly, the interactive effect of biochar and organic amendments on CO2 emission was antagonistic (the combined effect was weaker than the sum of their individual effects), while additive on CH4 and N2O emissions. Additionally, our results suggested that when biochar is co-applied with organic amendments, soil GHG emissions were largely influenced by soil initial total carbon, soil texture, and biochar feedstocks. Our work highlights the important interactive effects of biochar and organic amendments on soil GHG emissions, and provides new insights for promoting ecosystem sustainability as well as mitigating future climate change.
Published: 2023

24. Nitrogen addition delays the emergence of an aridity-induced threshold for plant biomass

Author: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat de Catalunya, Li, Hailing, Terrer, César, Berdugo, Miguel, Maestre, Fernando T., Zhu, Zaichun, Peñuelas, Josep, Yu, Kailiang, Luo, Lin, Gong, Jie-Yu, Ye, Jian-Sheng, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat de Catalunya, Li, Hailing, Terrer, César, Berdugo, Miguel, Maestre, Fernando T., Zhu, Zaichun, Peñuelas, Josep, Yu, Kailiang, Luo, Lin, Gong, Jie-Yu, and Ye, Jian-Sheng
Abstract: Crossing certain aridity thresholds in global drylands can lead to abrupt decays of ecosystem attributes such as plant productivity, potentially causing land degradation and desertification. It is largely unknown, however, whether these thresholds can be altered by other key global change drivers known to affect the water-use efficiency and productivity of vegetation, such as elevated CO and nitrogen (N). Using >5000 empirical measurements of plant biomass, we showed that crossing an aridity (1–precipitation/potential evapotranspiration) threshold of ∼0.50, which marks the transition from dry sub-humid to semi-arid climates, led to abrupt declines in aboveground biomass (AGB) and progressive increases in root:shoot ratios, thus importantly affecting carbon stocks and their distribution. N addition significantly increased AGB and delayed the emergence of its aridity threshold from 0.49 to 0.55 (P < 0.05). By coupling remote sensing estimates of leaf area index with simulations from multiple models, we found that CO enrichment did not alter the observed aridity threshold. By 2100, and under the RCP 8.5 scenario, we forecast a 0.3% net increase in the global land area exceeding the aridity threshold detected under a scenario that includes N deposition, in comparison to a 2.9% net increase if the N effect is not considered. Our study thus indicates that N addition could mitigate to a great extent the negative impact of increasing aridity on plant biomass in drylands. These findings are critical for improving forecasts of abrupt vegetation changes in response to ongoing global environmental change.
Published: 2023

25. Multicore-shell iron fluoride@carbon microspheres as a long-life cathode for high-energy lithium batteries

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Jiang, Ziang, Wang, Yujie, Chen, Xuanfeng, Chu, Fulu, Jiang, Xuansi, Kwofie, Felix, Pei, Qianfan, Luo, Shunrui, Arbiol, Jordi, Wu, Feixiang, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Jiang, Ziang, Wang, Yujie, Chen, Xuanfeng, Chu, Fulu, Jiang, Xuansi, Kwofie, Felix, Pei, Qianfan, Luo, Shunrui, Arbiol, Jordi, and Wu, Feixiang
Abstract: The study of multi-electron conversion cathodes is an important direction for developing next-generation rechargeable batteries. Iron fluoride (FeF3), in particular, has a high theoretical specific capacity (712 mA h g−1) and a low cost for Li storage. However, the FeF3 material suffers from poor conductivity, volume change and active material dissolution, resulting in voltage hysteresis and poor cycling and rate performance during electrochemical reactions. Here novel multicore–shell FeF3@carbon (C) composite microspheres with FeF3 nanoparticles embedded in carbon shells are developed through a bottom-up method and demonstrate smaller FeF3 particle size, a good carbon coating and superior maintenance of carbon shell integrity after fluorination and cycling as well. The FeF3@C/Li cells exhibit excellent electrochemical properties, offering a reversible capacity of 511.4 mA h g−1 at 0.2C after 250 cycles and outstanding cycle stability for 3500 cycles, with a capacity retention of 81% at 1C. It is worth noting that the carbon shell effectively inhibits the dissolution and diffusion of the active material and enhances the electrode reaction kinetics during charge/discharge reactions together with reduced core size. Overall, the sophisticatedly designed multicore–shell structure not only effectively improves the electrochemical properties of FeF3 but also offers a new idea for refining transition metal-based electrode materials.
Published: 2023

26. Drivers and spatiotemporal patterns of post-drought growth resilience of four temperate broad-leaved trees

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Zhu, Liangjun, Zhang, Jie, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Cooper, David J., Cherubini, Paolo, Yuan, Danyang, Wang, Xiaochun, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Zhu, Liangjun, Zhang, Jie, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Cooper, David J., Cherubini, Paolo, Yuan, Danyang, and Wang, Xiaochun
Abstract: With the intensification of climate warming, more frequent and hotter droughts are a significant risk to forest ecosystems around the globe, including temperate biomes. To accurately predict the response of forests to drought, it is necessary to provide comprehensive information on the resilience of tree growth, its spatiotemporal changes and drivers. This information is often lacking for broadleaf species in temperate regions. To fulfill this aim, we analyzed 3177 ring-width series from 1981 trees covering 40 sites for four dominant broad-leaf tree species (Fraxinus mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Juglans mandshurica, and Quercus mongolica) in temperate forests in northeastern China. We quantified the resilience (resistance and recovery) of tree growth to extreme droughts. Minimum temperatures in most seasons and warm conditions and drought stress in early summer were the main factors limiting growth. Among the four tree species, Q. mongolica had the weakest growth resistance to drought and the fastest growth recovery from drought. Juglans mandshurica had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher drought resilience than F. mandshurica and P. amurense. Tree resilience presented a clear spatial pattern driven by differences in site condition and local climate. The resistance (recovery) to drought decreased (increased) with increasing latitude and longitude, and increased (decreased) with elevation. Q. mongolica exhibited a decrease in resistance and increase in recovery through time, whereas the other three tree species showed the opposite pattern. Fraxinus mandshurica, J. mandshurica, and Q. mongolica had high resistance (recovery) in warmer-wetter (colder-drier) regions. In contrast, P. amurense had reduced recovery in cold sites and low resistance in warm sites. The resistance and recovery indices of these sympatric tree species confirmed that different tree species have distinct strategies to cope with drought that is influenced by tree condition and local environme
Published: 2023

27. A comparison of pre-millennium eruption (946 CE) and modern temperatures from tree rings in Changbai Mountain, Northeast Asia

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Du, Haibo, Stambaugh, Michael C., Camarero, Jesús Julio, Li, Mai-He, Yu, Dapao, Zong, Shengwei, He, Hong S., Wu, Zhengfang, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Du, Haibo, Stambaugh, Michael C., Camarero, Jesús Julio, Li, Mai-He, Yu, Dapao, Zong, Shengwei, He, Hong S., and Wu, Zhengfang
Abstract: High-resolution temperature reconstructions in the previous millennium are limited in Northeast Asia, but they are important for assessing regional climate dynamics. Here, we present, for the first time, a 202-year reliable reconstruction of April temperature changes before the millennium volcanic eruption in 946 CE using tree rings of carbonized logs buried in the tephra in Changbai Mountain, Northeast Asia. The reconstructed temperature changes were consistent with previous reconstructions in China and the Northern Hemisphere. The influences of large-scale oscillations (e.g. El Niño–Southern Oscillation, ENSO) on temperature variability were not significantly different between the periods of 745–946 CE preceding the eruption and 1883–2012. However, compared to the palaeotemperature of the previous millennium, the temperature changes were more complex with stronger temperature fluctuations, more frequent temperature abruption, and a weaker periodicity of temperature variance during the last 130 years. These recent changes correspond to long-term anthropogenic influences on regional climate.
Published: 2023

28. Identifying the role of the cationic geometric configuration in spinel catalysts for polysulfide conversion in sodium-sulfur batteries

Author: Gansu Province, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Zhang, Chao Yue, Lu, Xuan, Han, Xu, Yu, Jing, Zhang, Chaoqi, Huang, Chen, Balcells, Lluís, Garzón Manjón, Alba, Jacas Biendicho, Jordi, Li, Junshan, Arbiol, Jordi, Sun, Gengzhi, Zhou, Jin Yuan, Cabot, Andreu, Gansu Province, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Zhang, Chao Yue, Lu, Xuan, Han, Xu, Yu, Jing, Zhang, Chaoqi, Huang, Chen, Balcells, Lluís, Garzón Manjón, Alba, Jacas Biendicho, Jordi, Li, Junshan, Arbiol, Jordi, Sun, Gengzhi, Zhou, Jin Yuan, and Cabot, Andreu
Abstract: An AB2X4 spinel structure, with tetrahedral A and octahedral B sites, is a paradigmatic class of catalysts with several possible geometric configurations and numerous applications, including polysulfide conversion in metal-sulfur batteries. Nonetheless, the influence of the geometric configuration and composition on the mechanisms of catalysis and the precise manner in which spinel catalysts facilitate the conversion of polysulfides remain unknown. To enable controlled exposure of single active configurations, herein, Cotd2+ and Cooh3+ in Co3O4 catalysts for sodium polysulfide conversion are in large part replaced by Fetd2+ and Feoh3+, respectively, generating FeCo2O4 and CoFe2O4. Through an examination of electrochemical activation energies, the characterization of symmetric cells, and theoretical calculations, we determine that Cooh3+ serves as the active site for the breaking of S-S bonds, while Cotd2+ functions as the active site for the formation of S-Na bonds. The current study underlines the subtle relationship between activity and geometric configurations of spinel catalysts, providing unique insights for the rational development of improved catalysts by optimizing their atomic geometric configuration.
Published: 2023

29. Excitonic insulator to superconductor phase transition in ultra-compressed helium

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, European Research Council, European Commission, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Universidad del País Vasco, Winton Foundation, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Liu, Cong, Ding, Chi, Pickard, Chris J., Conway, Lewis J., Monserrat, Bartomeu, Fang, Yue-Wen, Lu, Qing, Boronat, Jordi, Cazorla, Claudio, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, European Research Council, European Commission, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Universidad del País Vasco, Winton Foundation, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Liu, Cong, Ding, Chi, Pickard, Chris J., Conway, Lewis J., Monserrat, Bartomeu, Fang, Yue-Wen, Lu, Qing, Boronat, Jordi, and Cazorla, Claudio
Abstract: Helium, the second most abundant element in the universe, exhibits an extremely large electronic band gap of about 20 eV at ambient pressures. While the metallization pressure of helium has been accurately determined, thus far little attention has been paid to the specific mechanisms driving the band-gap closure and electronic properties of this quantum crystal in the terapascal regime (1 TPa = 10 Mbar). Here, we employ density functional theory and many-body perturbation calculations to fill up this knowledge gap. It is found that prior to reaching metallicity helium becomes an excitonic insulator (EI), an exotic state of matter in which electrostatically bound electron-hole pairs may form spontaneously. Furthermore, we predict metallic helium to be a superconductor with a critical temperature of ≈ 20 K just above its metallization pressure and of ≈ 70 K at 100 TPa. These unforeseen phenomena may be critical for improving our fundamental understanding and modeling of celestial bodies.
Published: 2023

30. Ferroelectricity in layered bismuth oxide down to 1 nanometer

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Yang, Qianqian, Hu, Jingcong, Fang, Yue-Wen, Jia, Yueyang, Yang, Rui, Deng, Shiqing, Lu, Yue, Diéguez, Oswaldo, Fan, Longlong, Zheng, Dongxing, Zhang, Xixiang, Dong, Yongqi, Luo, Zhenlin, Wang, Zhen, Wang, Huanhua, Sui, Manling, Xing, Xianran, Chen, Jun, Tian, Jianjun, Zhang, Linxing, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Yang, Qianqian, Hu, Jingcong, Fang, Yue-Wen, Jia, Yueyang, Yang, Rui, Deng, Shiqing, Lu, Yue, Diéguez, Oswaldo, Fan, Longlong, Zheng, Dongxing, Zhang, Xixiang, Dong, Yongqi, Luo, Zhenlin, Wang, Zhen, Wang, Huanhua, Sui, Manling, Xing, Xianran, Chen, Jun, Tian, Jianjun, and Zhang, Linxing
Abstract: Atomic-scale ferroelectrics are of great interest for high-density electronics, particularly field-effect transistors, low-power logic, and nonvolatile memories. We devised a film with a layered structure of bismuth oxide that can stabilize the ferroelectric state down to 1 nanometer through samarium bondage. This film can be grown on a variety of substrates with a cost-effective chemical solution deposition. We observed a standard ferroelectric hysteresis loop down to a thickness of ~1 nanometer. The thin films with thicknesses that range from 1 to 4.56 nanometers possess a relatively large remanent polarization from 17 to 50 microcoulombs per square centimeter. We verified the structure with first-principles calculations, which also pointed to the material being a lone pair-driven ferroelectric material. The structure design of the ultrathin ferroelectric films has great potential for the manufacturing of atomic-scale electronic devices.
Published: 2023

31. Ionic liquid stabilized perovskite solar modules with power conversion efficiency exceeding 20%

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Guangdong Science and Technology Department, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), National Key Research and Development Program (China), Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Fundación la Caixa, Wang, Yulong, Yang, Yufei, Li, Neng, Hu, Min, Raga, Sonia R., Jiang, Yang, Wang, Chao, Zhang, Xiao-Li, Lira-Cantú, Mónica, Huang, Fuzhi, Cheng, Yi-Bing, Lu, Jianfeng, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Guangdong Science and Technology Department, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), National Key Research and Development Program (China), Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Fundación la Caixa, Wang, Yulong, Yang, Yufei, Li, Neng, Hu, Min, Raga, Sonia R., Jiang, Yang, Wang, Chao, Zhang, Xiao-Li, Lira-Cantú, Mónica, Huang, Fuzhi, Cheng, Yi-Bing, and Lu, Jianfeng
Abstract: Metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) when fabricated as mm-sized devices, but creation of high-performing large-area modules that are stable on a sufficiently long timescale still presents a significant challenge. Herein, the quality of large-area perovskite film is improved by using ionic liquid additives via forming a new Pb-N bonding between the ionic liquid and Pb2+. This new bond can be modulated by a critical screening of the anion structure of the ionic liquid. The selected ionic liquid effectively reduces the defects of the perovskite films and markedly elongate their carrier lifetimes. As a result, a champion PCE of 24.4% for small-area (0.148 cm2) devices and 20.4% for larger-area (10.0 cm2) modules under AM 1.5G irradiation is achieved. More importantly, the modified devices retain 90% of their peak PCE after aging for 1900 h at 65 ± 5 °C (ISOS-T-1) and 80% after continuous light soaking for 750 h. The non-encapsulated modules maintained 80% of their peak PCE after 1100 h of aging in the air with a relative humidity of 35 ± 5% and temperature of 25 ± 5 °C under dark (ISOS-D-1), showing great potential for future commercialization.
Published: 2022

32. Effect of Processing Route on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of an Al and Si-Bearing Medium-Mn TRIP Steel Microalloyed with V

Author: National Key Research and Development Program (China), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ma, L., Xiao, N., Jia, T., Jiménez, José Antonio, Gao, X., National Key Research and Development Program (China), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ma, L., Xiao, N., Jia, T., Jiménez, José Antonio, and Gao, X.
Abstract: The effect of processing route on the microstructure and tensile behavior has been analyzed in a V-microalloyed medium-Mn steel containing 3.5 Al and 1.2 Si (in wt pct). To obtain four different microstructures, as hot-rolled (HR) band was divided into several parts and three of them were submitted to treatments consisting of annealing at 620 °C (HRA), warm rolling (WR), and warm rolling followed by annealing at 600 °C (WRA). Complex microstructures i.e., mixture of austenite, alpha ferrite, delta ferrite, and martensite in different amounts, were observed. Tensile tests show that the balance between these phases is the most important factor that contributes to the variation in the strength and ductility of this steel. At a given value of strain, the enhancement of strength observed in HR samples is related to the presence of a high amount of fresh martensite of up to 32 pct, while the higher total elongation to failure found in WR sample is associated to the presence of about 60 pct of retained austenite. Optimal mechanical properties have been achieved for the WRA sample with a yield strength of 808 MPa and an ultrahigh product of strength and elongation of approximately 59.5 GPa pct, which guarantee its usefulness for automotive applications.
Published: 2022

33. Light: a crucial factor for rhizobium-induced root nodulation

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Andalucía, Lanzhou University, Hasan, M.M., Corpas, Francisco J., Fang, X.W., National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Andalucía, Lanzhou University, Hasan, M.M., Corpas, Francisco J., and Fang, X.W.
Abstract: Wang et al. recently showed that, in soybean (Glycine max), root nodule formation is induced by a light-triggered signal that moves from the upper part of the plant to the roots. This novel signaling process opens a new area of research aimed to optimize the carbon–nitrogen balance in plant–rhizobium symbiosis.
Published: 2022

34. Aharonov-Bohm Caging and Inverse Anderson Transition in Ultracold Atoms

Author: National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Zhejiang Province, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Li, Hang, Dong, Zhaoli, Longhi, Stefano, Liang, Qiang, Xie, Dizhou, Yan, Bo, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Zhejiang Province, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Li, Hang, Dong, Zhaoli, Longhi, Stefano, Liang, Qiang, Xie, Dizhou, and Yan, Bo
Abstract: Aharonov-Bohm (AB) caging, a special flat-band localization mechanism, has spurred great interest in different areas of physics. AB caging can be harnessed to explore the rich and exotic physics of quantum transport in flatband systems, where geometric frustration, disorder, and correlations act in a synergetic and distinct way than that in ordinary dispersive band systems. In contrast to the ordinary Anderson localization, where disorder induces localization and prevents transport, in flat band systems disorder can induce mobility, a phenomenon dubbed inverse Anderson transition. Here, we report on the experimental realization of the AB cage using a synthetic lattice in the momentum space of ultracold atoms with tailored gauge fields, and demonstrate the geometric localization due to the flat band and the inverse Anderson transition when correlated binary disorder is added to the system. Our experimental platform in a many-body environment provides a fascinating quantum simulator where the interplay between engineered gauge fields, localization, and topological properties of flat band systems can be finely explored.
Published: 2022

35. Local temperature increases reduce soil microbial residues and carbon stocks

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Zeng, Xiao-Min [0000-0003-4978-1015], Zhang, Qianggong [0000-0002-2189-4248], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Zeng, Xiao-Min, Feng, Jiao, Yu, Dai-Lin, Wen, Shu-Hai, Zhang, Qianggong, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Liu, Yu-Rong, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Zeng, Xiao-Min [0000-0003-4978-1015], Zhang, Qianggong [0000-0002-2189-4248], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Zeng, Xiao-Min, Feng, Jiao, Yu, Dai-Lin, Wen, Shu-Hai, Zhang, Qianggong, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, and Liu, Yu-Rong
Abstract: Warming is known to reduce soil carbon (C) stocks by promoting microbial respiration, which is associated with the decomposition of microbial residue carbon (MRC). However, the relative contribution of MRC to soil organic carbon (SOC) across temperature gradients is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of MRC to SOC along two independent elevation gradients of our model system (i.e., the Tibetan Plateau and Shennongjia Mountain in China). Our results showed that local temperature increases were negatively correlated with MRC and SOC. Further analyses revealed that rising temperature reduced SOC via decreasing MRC, which helps to explain future reductions in SOC under climate warming. Our findings demonstrate that climate warming has the potential to reduce C sequestration by increasing the decomposition of MRC, exacerbating the positive feedback between rising temperature and CO2 efflux. Our study also considered the influence of multiple environmental factors such as soil pH and moisture, which were more important in controlling SOC than microbial traits such as microbial life-style strategies and metabolic efficiency. Together, our work suggests an important mechanism underlying long-term soil C sequestration, which has important implications for the microbial-mediated C process in the face of global climate change.
Published: 2022

36. Single cell-type transcriptome profiling reveals genes that promote nitrogen fixation in the infected and uninfected cells of legume nodules

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Becana Ausejo, Manuel [0000-0002-1083-0804], Wang, Longlong, Zhou, Yu, Li, Runhui, Liang, Jianjun, Tian, Tao, Ji, Jie, Chen, Runzhou, Zhou, Yumiao, Fan, Qiuling, Ning, Guogui, Larkin, Robert M., Becana Ausejo, Manuel, Duanmu, Deqiang, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Becana Ausejo, Manuel [0000-0002-1083-0804], Wang, Longlong, Zhou, Yu, Li, Runhui, Liang, Jianjun, Tian, Tao, Ji, Jie, Chen, Runzhou, Zhou, Yumiao, Fan, Qiuling, Ning, Guogui, Larkin, Robert M., Becana Ausejo, Manuel, and Duanmu, Deqiang
Abstract: Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers has inevitably resultedin environmental problems. The symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) that occurs in the root nodules of leguminous plants provides asustainable source of reduced nitrogen in agricultural ecosystems. More than 200 genes have been reported to regulate SNF, including rhizobial infection, nodule organogenesis and senescence (Royet al., 2020). Mature nodules consist mainly of twocell types: infected cells (IC) that contain nitrogen-fixing bac-teroids and uninfected cells (UC) that mediate active metabolismand nutrient transport. Although it is well known that SNFrequires functional specialization, the specific genes responsiblefor transcriptional regulation and carbon/nitrogen metabolismand transport in IC and UC remain largely unexplored.Single-cell transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful tech-nique for investigating spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression.
Published: 2022

37. Spin Effect to Promote Reaction Kinetics and Overall Performance of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries under External Magnetic Field

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), China Scholarship Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Zhang, Chao Yue [0000-0002-9816-9204], Zhang, Chaoqi [0000-0002-0357-235X], Sun, Guo Wen [0000-0002-8000-8912], Fan, Xiao Long [0000-0003-2374-2835], Zhou, Jin Yuan [0000-0003-0284-105X], Cabot, Andreu [0000-0002-7533-3251], Zhang, Chao Yue, Zhang, Chaoqi, Sun, Guo Wen, Pan, Jiang Long, Gong, Li, Sun, Geng Zhi, Biendicho, Jordi Jacas, Balcells, Lluís, Fan, Xiao Long, Morante, Joan Ramón, Zhou, Jin Yuan, Cabot, Andreu, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), China Scholarship Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Zhang, Chao Yue [0000-0002-9816-9204], Zhang, Chaoqi [0000-0002-0357-235X], Sun, Guo Wen [0000-0002-8000-8912], Fan, Xiao Long [0000-0003-2374-2835], Zhou, Jin Yuan [0000-0003-0284-105X], Cabot, Andreu [0000-0002-7533-3251], Zhang, Chao Yue, Zhang, Chaoqi, Sun, Guo Wen, Pan, Jiang Long, Gong, Li, Sun, Geng Zhi, Biendicho, Jordi Jacas, Balcells, Lluís, Fan, Xiao Long, Morante, Joan Ramón, Zhou, Jin Yuan, and Cabot, Andreu
Abstract: Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are still limited by the shuttle of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and the slow Li-S reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that when using cobalt sulfide as a catalytic additive, an external magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet can significantly improve the LiPS adsorption ability and the Li-S reaction kinetics. More specifically, the results show both experimentally and theoretically how an electron spin polarization of Co ions reduces electron repulsion and enhances the degree of orbital hybridization, thus resulting in LSBs with unprecedented performance and stability. Under an external magnetic field, LSBs with 0.0084 % per cycle decay rate at 2 C during 8150 cycles are produced. Overall, this work not only demonstrates an effective strategy to promote LiPS adsorption and electrochemical conversion in LSBs at no additional energy cost but also enriches the application of the spin effect in the electrocatalysis fields.
Published: 2022

38. Giant Thermal Transport Tuning at a Metal/Ferroelectric Interface

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Basic Research Program (China), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Jiangsu Province, Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Aramberri, Hugo [0000-0003-2216-8931], Cazorla, Claudio [0000-0002-6501-4513], Íñiguez, Jorge [0000-0001-6435-3604], Rurali, Riccardo [0000-0002-4086-4191], Nie, Yuefeng [0000-0002-3449-5393], Zang, Yipeng, Di, Chen, Geng, Zhiming, Yan, Xuejun, Ji, Dianxiang, Zheng, Ningchong, Jiang, Xingyu, Fu, Hanyu, Wang, Jianjun, Guo, Wei, Sun, Haoying, Han, Lu, Zhou, Yunlei, Gu, Zhengbin, Kong, Desheng, Aramberri, Hugo, Cazorla, Claudio, Íñiguez, Jorge, Rurali, Riccardo, Chen, Longqing, Zhou, Jian, Wu, Di, Lu, Minghui, Nie, Yuefeng, Chen, Yanfeng, Pan, Xiaoqing, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Basic Research Program (China), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Jiangsu Province, Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Aramberri, Hugo [0000-0003-2216-8931], Cazorla, Claudio [0000-0002-6501-4513], Íñiguez, Jorge [0000-0001-6435-3604], Rurali, Riccardo [0000-0002-4086-4191], Nie, Yuefeng [0000-0002-3449-5393], Zang, Yipeng, Di, Chen, Geng, Zhiming, Yan, Xuejun, Ji, Dianxiang, Zheng, Ningchong, Jiang, Xingyu, Fu, Hanyu, Wang, Jianjun, Guo, Wei, Sun, Haoying, Han, Lu, Zhou, Yunlei, Gu, Zhengbin, Kong, Desheng, Aramberri, Hugo, Cazorla, Claudio, Íñiguez, Jorge, Rurali, Riccardo, Chen, Longqing, Zhou, Jian, Wu, Di, Lu, Minghui, Nie, Yuefeng, Chen, Yanfeng, and Pan, Xiaoqing
Abstract: Interfacial thermal transport plays a prominent role in the thermal management of nanoscale objects and is of fundamental importance for basic research and nanodevices. At metal/insulator interfaces, a configuration commonly found in electronic devices, heat transport strongly depends upon the effective energy transfer from thermalized electrons in the metal to the phonons in the insulator. However, the mechanism of interfacial electron-phonon coupling and thermal transport at metal/insulator interfaces is not well understood. Here, the observation of a substantial enhancement of the interfacial thermal resistance and the important role of surface charges at the metal/ferroelectric interface in an Al/BiFeO3 membrane are reported. By applying uniaxial strain, the interfacial thermal resistance can be varied substantially (up to an order of magnitude), which is attributed to the renormalized interfacial electron-phonon coupling caused by the charge redistribution at the interface due to the polarization rotation. These results imply that surface charges at a metal/insulator interface can substantially enhance the interfacial electron-phonon-mediated thermal coupling, providing a new route to optimize the thermal transport performance in next-generation nanodevices, power electronics, and thermal logic devices.
Published: 2022

39. Selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol in water under mild conditions over a hydrotalcite-derived Pt-based catalyst

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Gao, Ge [0000-0002-7551-6656], Remón, Javier [0000-0003-3315-5933], Jiang, Zhicheng [0000-0002-8096-4971], Hu, Changwei [0000-0002-4094-6605], Gao, Ge, Remón, Javier, Jiang, Zhicheng, Yao, Lu, Hu, Changwei, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Gao, Ge [0000-0002-7551-6656], Remón, Javier [0000-0003-3315-5933], Jiang, Zhicheng [0000-0002-8096-4971], Hu, Changwei [0000-0002-4094-6605], Gao, Ge, Remón, Javier, Jiang, Zhicheng, Yao, Lu, and Hu, Changwei
Abstract: The production of furfuryl alcohol (FFA) from biomass-derived furfural (FF) via selective hydrogenation is challenging due to the diverse unsaturated groups. Herein, a novel hydrotalcite-derived Pt-based catalyst was synthesized to catalyze the selective hydrogenation of FF to FFA in water. Within 2 h at 303 K and 1.5 MPa H2, 99.9% conversion of FF with > 99% selectivity to FFA was obtained while the TOF being 204.6 h−1 and the Ea being 12.8 kJmol−1. These results were accounted for by the 2D layered double hydroxides structure of hydrotalcite, which contributed to the high dispersion and effective reduction of Pt species, and the selective adsorption of the aldehyde group of FF on the catalyst, combined with the rapid desorption of the FFA produced. This guaranteed selective and stable hydrogenation over time, with up to four cycles ensured.
Published: 2022

40. Microbial assemblies associated with temperature sensitivity of soil respiration along an altitudinal gradient

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Zhang, Qianggong [0000-0002-2189-4248], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Chen, Ji [0000-0001-7026-6312], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Zeng, Xiao-Min, Feng, Jiao, Chen, Ji, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Zhang, Qianggong, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Yuan, Yusen, Feng, Songhui, Zhang, Kexin, Liu, Yu-Rong, Huang, Qiaoyun, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Zhang, Qianggong [0000-0002-2189-4248], Huang, Qiaoyun [0000-0002-2733-8066], Chen, Ji [0000-0001-7026-6312], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Zeng, Xiao-Min, Feng, Jiao, Chen, Ji, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Zhang, Qianggong, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Yuan, Yusen, Feng, Songhui, Zhang, Kexin, Liu, Yu-Rong, and Huang, Qiaoyun
Abstract: Identifying the drivers of the response of soil microbial respiration to warming is integral to accurately forecasting the carbon-climate feedbacks in terrestrial ecosystems. Microorganisms are the fundamental drivers of soil microbial respiration and its response to warming; however, the specific microbial communities and properties involved in the process remain largely undetermined. Here, we identified the associations between microbial community and temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil microbial respiration in alpine forests along an altitudinal gradient (from 2974 to 3558 m) from the climate-sensitive Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that changes in microbial community composition accounted for more variations of Q10 values than a wide range of other factors, including soil pH, moisture, substrate quantity and quality, microbial biomass, diversity and enzyme activities. Specifically, co-occurring microbial assemblies (i.e., ecological clusters or modules) targeting labile carbon consumption were negatively correlated with Q10 of soil microbial respiration, whereas microbial assemblies associated with recalcitrant carbon decomposition were positively correlated with Q10 of soil microbial respiration. Furthermore, there were progressive shifts of microbial assemblies from labile to recalcitrant carbon consumption along the altitudinal gradient, supporting relatively high Q10 values in high-altitude regions. Our results provide new insights into the link between changes in major microbial assemblies with different trophic strategies and Q10 of soil microbial respiration along an altitudinal gradient, highlighting that warming could have stronger effects on microbially-mediated soil organic matter decomposition in high-altitude regions than previously thought.
Published: 2022

41. A comparison between ES-MDA and restart EnKF for the purpose of the simultaneous identification of a contaminant source and hydraulic conductivity

Author: Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería del Agua y del Medio Ambiente - Institut Universitari d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente - Departament d'Enginyeria Hidràulica i Medi Ambient, AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION, MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA Y EMPRESA, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Xu, Teng, Gómez-Hernández, J. Jaime, Chen, Zi, Lu, Chunhui, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería del Agua y del Medio Ambiente - Institut Universitari d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente - Departament d'Enginyeria Hidràulica i Medi Ambient, AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION, MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA Y EMPRESA, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Xu, Teng, Gómez-Hernández, J. Jaime, Chen, Zi, and Lu, Chunhui
Abstract: [EN] Understanding a contaminant source may help in a better management and risk assessment of a polluted aquifer. However, contaminant source information may not be available when a pollutant is detected in a drinking well. The restart ensemble Kalman filter (restart EnKF, also named r-EnKF) has been demonstrated in synthetic and laboratory experiments as an efficient solution for the identification of a contaminant source. Recently, the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) has been proposed as an alternative to the r-EnKF as a more efficient solution given that the r-EnKF needs to restart the simulation of the state equation from time zero after each data assimilation step. An analysis, in a synthetic aquifer, of the accuracy of the ES-MDA for the simultaneous identification of a contaminant source and the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity by assimilating both piezometric head and concentration observations is carried out using the r-EnKF as a benchmark. The conclusion is that the ES-MDA can outperform the r-EnKF, but the expected speed advantage, associated with the possibility of assimilating all data at once, does not exist. For the ES-MDA to reach the same level of accuracy as the r-EnKF, the number of multiple data assimilations must be large, and final computing time is similar for both approaches. However, the ES-MDA can do much better than the r-EnKF if the number of iterations increases even further, with the consequent increase of computational cost.
Published: 2021

42. Global diversity and ecological drivers of lichenised soil fungi

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Australian Research Council, Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Zeng, Xiao-Min [0000-0003-4978-1015], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Liu, Yu-Rong, Eldridge, David J., Zeng, Xiao-Min, Wang, Jun-Tao, Singh, Brajesh K., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Australian Research Council, Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Zeng, Xiao-Min [0000-0003-4978-1015], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Liu, Yu-Rong, Eldridge, David J., Zeng, Xiao-Min, Wang, Jun-Tao, Singh, Brajesh K., and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
Abstract: Lichens play crucial roles in sustaining the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems; however, the diversity and ecological factors associated with lichenised soil fungi remain poorly understood.To address this knowledge gap, we used a global field survey including information on fungal sequences of topsoils from 235 terrestrial ecosystems.We identified 880 lichenised fungal phylotypes across nine biomes ranging from deserts to tropical forests. The diversity and proportion of lichenised soil fungi peaked in shrublands and dry grasslands. Aridity index, plant cover and soil pH were the most important factors associated with the distribution of lichenised soil fungi. Furthermore, we identified Endocarpon, Verrucaria and Rinodina as some of the most dominant lichenised genera across the globe, and they had similar environmental preferences to the lichenised fungal community. In addition, precipitation seasonality and mean diurnal temperature range were also important in predicting the proportion of these dominant genera. Using this information, we were able to create the first global maps of the richness and the proportion of dominant genera of lichenised fungi.This work provides new insight into the global distribution and ecological preferences of lichenised soil fungi, and supports their dominance in drylands across the globe.
Published: 2021

43. On the development of chrome-free tanning agents: an advanced Trojan horse strategy using ‘Al-Zr-oligosaccharides’ produced by the depolymerization and oxidation of biomass

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Sichuan University, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), CSIC - Unidad de Recursos de Información Científica para la Investigación (URICI), Jiang, Zhicheng [0000-0002-8096-4971], Remón, Javier [0000-0003-3315-5933], Wei, Ding [0000-0002-6818-7524], Hu, Changwei [0000-0002-4094-6605], Shi, Bi [0000-0003-0870-6043], Jiang, Zhicheng, Gao, Mi, Remón, Javier, Ding, Wei, Hu, Changwei, Shi, Bi, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Sichuan University, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), CSIC - Unidad de Recursos de Información Científica para la Investigación (URICI), Jiang, Zhicheng [0000-0002-8096-4971], Remón, Javier [0000-0003-3315-5933], Wei, Ding [0000-0002-6818-7524], Hu, Changwei [0000-0002-4094-6605], Shi, Bi [0000-0003-0870-6043], Jiang, Zhicheng, Gao, Mi, Remón, Javier, Ding, Wei, Hu, Changwei, and Shi, Bi
Abstract: This work addresses the manufacturing of a pioneering chrome-free tanning agent, consisting of ‘Al–Zr-oligosaccharides’ produced from biomass. First, a microwave-assisted AlCl3–H2O2–H2O reaction system was used for the simultaneous degradation and oxidation of hemicellulose in corncob. The obtained aqueous solution containing ‘Al-oligosaccharides’ was then combined with Zr to produce water-soluble ‘Al–Zr-oligosaccharides’. These species behaved as a ‘Trojan horse’, allowing the uniform and controlled penetration of Al and Zr into the leather, avoiding their accumulation on the surface. The effects of the reaction temperature and the AlCl3 and H2O2 concentrations used during the synthesis were systematically analyzed. Increases in the temperature and AlCl3 concentration improved the hemicellulose conversion, while the use of high H2O2 concentrations augmented the amounts of –CHO/–COOH functionalities in the oligosaccharides, with both phenomena being paramount for the efficient formation of ‘Al–Zr-oligosaccharides’. However, more severe reaction conditions led to the formation of an undesirable species, negatively influencing the tanning performance and chromaticity of the tanning agent. Given this, these parameters were optimized, and it was found that it is possible to convert up to 72 wt% of the hemicellulose present in corncob into an ‘advanced Trojan horse tanning agent’ contained in a colorless water solution, conducting the synthesis at 129 °C with a solvent comprising 56 mM AlCl3 and 2.6 vol% H2O2. The application of this solution for leather tanning provided leather with a shrinkage temperature as high as 87 °C, thus meeting the restrictive requirements of the leather industry. Therefore, these results are a landmark achievement in this field and represent a step forward to a sustainable and renewable leather industry.
Published: 2021

44. 10.4 m GTC observations of the nearby VHE-detected GRB 190829A/SN 2019oyw

Author: Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Hu, Y.D., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Kumar, A., Gupta, R., Valeev, A. F., Pandey, Shashi Bhushan, Kann, D.A., Castellón, A., Agudo, Iván, Aryan, A., Caballero-García, María Dolores, Guziy, Sergey, Martin-Carrillo, A., Oates, S.R., Pian, E., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Sokolov, Vladimir V., Zhang, B. B., Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Hu, Y.D., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Kumar, A., Gupta, R., Valeev, A. F., Pandey, Shashi Bhushan, Kann, D.A., Castellón, A., Agudo, Iván, Aryan, A., Caballero-García, María Dolores, Guziy, Sergey, Martin-Carrillo, A., Oates, S.R., Pian, E., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Sokolov, Vladimir V., and Zhang, B. B.
Abstract: Aims. Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 190829A (z=0.0785) was detected by Fermi and Swift and also at very high energy (VHE) by the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes. The prompt emission displayed two emission episodes separated by a quiescent gap of similar to 40 s. We present the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) observations of the afterglow of GRB 190829A and its underlying supernova. We also compare GRB 190829A to GRB 180728A, a GRB with similar behaviour, and discuss the implications on underlying physical mechanisms producing these two GRBs.Methods. We present multi-band photometric data along with spectroscopic follow-up observations taken with the 10.4 m GTC telescope. Together with the data from the prompt emission, the 10.4 m GTC data are used to understand the emission mechanisms and possible progenitor.Results. A detailed analysis of the multi-band observations of the afterglow requires the cooling frequency to pass between the optical and X-ray bands at early epochs. The afterglow then transitions to the underlying supernova (SN) 2019oyw, which dominates later on.Conclusions. Although the prompt emission temporal properties of GRB 190829A and GRB 180728A are similar, the two pulses are different in the spectral domain. We find that SN 2019oyw associated with GRB 190829A is powered by Ni decay and is a Type Ic-BL SN. The spectroscopic and photometric properties of this SN are consistent with those observed for SN 1998bw, but evolved earlier. © ESO 2021.
Published: 2021

45. Zonotopic fault detection observer for discrete-time descriptor systems considering − fault sensitivity

Author: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, Wang, Ye, Puig, Vicenç, Cembrano, Gabriela, Zhao, Yuxin, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, Wang, Ye, Puig, Vicenç, Cembrano, Gabriela, and Zhao, Yuxin
Abstract: This paper addresses a zonotopic fault detection (FD) observer for discrete-time descriptor systems subject to additive actuator faults. The considered descriptor systems are also perturbed by unknown-but-bounded uncertainties including state disturbances and measurement noise. Under a set-based framework, the effects of uncertainties and faults are separated into two state zonotopes. Based on this decomposition, the FD observer gain is designed to be robust against uncertainties and meanwhile sensitive to faults based on a (Formula presented.) index in a finite-frequency domain. Then, two linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions are obtained to design an observer that achieves robustness and fault sensitivity at the same time. The generalised KYP lemma is applied to address the fault sensitivity condition. The optimal FD observer gain can be obtained via an offline design procedure. Finally, the proposed fault detection method is applied to a chemical mixing system and the effectiveness is shown.
Published: 2021

46. The Hussein–McVoy formula for inclusive breakup revisited

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Gómez-Ramos, M., Gómez-Camacho, Joaquín, Lei, J., Moro, A.M., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Gómez-Ramos, M., Gómez-Camacho, Joaquín, Lei, J., and Moro, A.M.
Abstract: In 1985, Hussein and McVoy [Nuc. Phys. A445 (1985) 124] elucidated a formula for the evaluation of the nonelastic breakup (“stripping”) contribution in inclusive breakup reactions. The formula, based on the spectator core model, acquires a particularly simple and appealing form in the eikonal limit, to the extent that it has become the standard procedure to analyze single-nucleon knockout reactions at intermediate energies. In this contribution, a critical assessment of this formula is presented and its connection with other, noneikonal expressions discussed. Some calculations comparing the different formulae are also presented for the one-nucleon removal of O+Be reaction at several incident energies.
Published: 2021

47. Chemotaxis of beneficial rhizobacteria to root exudates: The first step towards root–microbe rhizosphere interactions

Author: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Andalucía, Feng, H., Fu, R., Hou, X., Lv, Y., Zhang, N., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., Miao, Y., Krell, Tino, Shen, Q., Zhang, R., National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Andalucía, Feng, H., Fu, R., Hou, X., Lv, Y., Zhang, N., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., Miao, Y., Krell, Tino, Shen, Q., and Zhang, R.
Abstract: Chemotaxis, the ability of motile bacteria to direct their movement in gradients of attractants and repellents, plays an important role during the rhizosphere colonization by rhizobacteria. The rhizosphere is a unique niche for plant–microbe interactions. Root exudates are highly complex mixtures of chemoeffectors composed of hundreds of different compounds. Chemotaxis towards root exudates initiates rhizobacteria recruitment and the establishment of bacteria–root interactions. Over the last years, important progress has been made in the identification of root exudate components that play key roles in the colonization process, as well as in the identification of the cognate chemoreceptors. In the first part of this review, we summarized the roles of representative chemoeffectors that induce chemotaxis in typical rhizobacteria and discussed the structure and function of rhizobacterial chemoreceptors. In the second part we reviewed findings on how rhizobacterial chemotaxis and other root–microbe interactions promote the establishment of beneficial rhizobacteria-plant interactions leading to plant growth promotion and protection of plant health. In the last part we identified the existing gaps in the knowledge and discussed future research efforts that are necessary to close them.
Published: 2021

48. A new light-responsive resistive random-access memory device containing hydrogen-bonded complexes

Author: Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Malaya, Royal Academy of Engineering, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Royal Society of Chemistry (UK), Royal Society (UK), Velayutham, Thamil Selvi, Azmina, M. S., Manickam-Achari, Vijayan, Roche, Alejandro, Ramesh, Rinaa, Martinez-Felipe, Alfonso, Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Malaya, Royal Academy of Engineering, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Royal Society of Chemistry (UK), Royal Society (UK), Velayutham, Thamil Selvi, Azmina, M. S., Manickam-Achari, Vijayan, Roche, Alejandro, Ramesh, Rinaa, and Martinez-Felipe, Alfonso
Abstract: In the search to obtain new and more efficient components of memory devices, we report the photochromic, dielectric and electrochemical response of a light-responsive organic compound, and its memory performance under electrical fields. The so-called N(1)-[12-(4-(4′-isobutyloxyphenyldiazo)phenoxy)dodecyloxy)]thymine, tAZOi, molecule contains one azobenzene group, which provides with photochromic character, and one terminal thymine group, capable to form hydrogen bonds and assemble supramolecular dimers, (tAZOi)2. We have calculated the optical absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and refractive index of tAZOi, which obeys the single oscillator Wemple–DiDomenico model. An ITO/tAZOi/Al device has been prepared and presents two switchable conductance states with preservation of memory performance. The mechanism linked to the resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has been evaluated by molecular modelling and is controlled by p-type conduction, possibly involving hydrogen-bonding. Upon UV irradiation at ∼ 365 nm, tAZOi displays an increase in the complex permittivity driven by trans-to-cis (E-to-Z) isomerisation of the azobenzene groups. Molecular simulations suggest that conductivity and device performance can be enhanced (and controlled) by light exposure through the formation of activated Z isomers that could transfer charge to other neighbouring molecules, resulting in photo-electric responsive devices.
Published: 2021

49. A Robust Titanium Isophthalate Metal-Organic Framework for Visible-Light Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation

Author: Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Química - Departament de Química, Region Ile-de-France, Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat Valenciana, China Scholarship Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Institut Universitaire de France, Agència Valenciana de la Innovació, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires Étrangères, Francia, Wang, Sujing, Cabrero-Antonino, Maria, Navalón Oltra, Sergio, Cao, Chen-chen, Tissot, Antoine, Dovgaliuk, Iurii, Marrot, Jerome, Martineau-Corcos, Charlotte, Yu, Liang, Wang, Hao, Shepard, William, García Gómez, Hermenegildo, Serre, Christian, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Química - Departament de Química, Region Ile-de-France, Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat Valenciana, China Scholarship Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Institut Universitaire de France, Agència Valenciana de la Innovació, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires Étrangères, Francia, Wang, Sujing, Cabrero-Antonino, Maria, Navalón Oltra, Sergio, Cao, Chen-chen, Tissot, Antoine, Dovgaliuk, Iurii, Marrot, Jerome, Martineau-Corcos, Charlotte, Yu, Liang, Wang, Hao, Shepard, William, García Gómez, Hermenegildo, and Serre, Christian
Abstract: [EN] Isophthalic acid (IPA) has been considered to build metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), owing to its facile availability, unique connection angle-mode, and a wide range of functional groups attached. Constructing titanium-IPA frameworks that possess photoresponse properties is an alluring characteristic with respect to the challenge of synthesizing new titanium-based MOFs (Ti-MOFs) Here, we report the first Ti-IPA MOF (MIP-208) that efficiently combines the use of preformed Ti-8 oxoclusters and in situ acetylation of the 5-NH2-IPA linker. The mixed solid-solution linkers strategy was successfully applied, resulting in a series of multivariate MIP-208 structures with tunable chemical environments and sizable porosity. MIP-208 shows the best result among the pure MOF catalysts for the photocatalytic methanation of carbon dioxide. To improve the photocatalytic performance, ruthenium oxide nanoparticles were photo-deposited on MIP-208, forming a highly active and selective composite catalyst, MIP-208@RuOx, which features a notable visible-light response coupled with excellent stability and recycling ability.
Published: 2020

50. Porous Single-Crystal-Based Inorganic Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Environmental Remediation: Preparation, Modification, and Applications

Author: Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Química - Departament de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química - Institut Universitari Mixt de Tecnologia Química, Generalitat Valenciana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Niu, Jinan, Albero-Sancho, Josep, Atienzar Corvillo, Pedro Enrique, García Gómez, Hermenegildo, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Química - Departament de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química - Institut Universitari Mixt de Tecnologia Química, Generalitat Valenciana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Niu, Jinan, Albero-Sancho, Josep, Atienzar Corvillo, Pedro Enrique, and García Gómez, Hermenegildo
Abstract: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Niu, J., Albero, J., Atienzar, P., García, H., Porous Single-Crystal-Based Inorganic Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Environmental Remediation: Preparation, Modification, and Applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1908984, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201908984. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving., [EN] Semiconductor photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance depends on crystallinity and surface area to a large extent. One strategy that has recently emergyed to improve semiconductor photoresponse efficiency is their synthesis as porous single crystals (PSCs), therefore providing simultaneously high crystallinity, minimization of grain boundaries, and large specific surface area. Other factors, such as high density of active sites, and enhanced light absorption, also contribute to increased PSC photoresponse with respect to analogous bulk or amorphous materials. This review initially presents the concept and main properties of PSCs. Then, the synthetic routes and the applications as photocatalysts and as photovoltaic devices, mainly in sunlight applications, are summarized. The synthetic procedures have been classified according to the mechanism of pore generation. Applications cover photocatalysis for environmental remediation, solar fuels production, selective photooxidation of organic compounds, and photovoltaic devices. Finally, a summary and views on future developments are provided. The purpose of this review is to show how the use of PSCs is a powerful general methodology applicable beyond metal oxides and can ultimately lead to sufficient photoresponse efficiency, bringing these processes close to commercial application.
Published: 2020

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