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The dimensional stability of paper products is a well-known problem, affecting multiple engineering applications. The macroscopic response of paper to moisture variations is governed by complex mechanisms originating in the material at all length-scales down to the fiber-level. Therefore, a recently-developed method, based on Global Digital Height Correlation of surface topographies is here exploited to measure the full-field hygro-expansion of single fibers, i. e. a surface strain tensor map over the full field of view is obtained as function of time. From the strain field, the longitudinal and transverse hygro-expansion and principle strains can be calculated. Long- and intermediate-duration dynamic tests are conducted on softwood and hardwood fibers. A large spread in the softwood fiber’s transverse and longitudinal hygro-expansion coefficient ratio was found, while hardwood fibers behave more consistently. Computing the principle strain ratios reduces this spread, as it takes into account the variations of the deformation direction, which is directly affected by the micro-fibril angle (MFA). Furthermore, long-duration tests allow identification of the half-times at which the fibers equilibrate. Finally, the determined major strain angles for all fibers are consistent with the MFA ranges reported in the literature.

Computed tomography (CT) using photon-counting detectors (PCD) offers dose-efficient ultra-high-resolution imaging, high iodine contrast-to-noise ratio, multi-energy and material decomposition capabilities. We have previously demonstrated the potential benefits of PCD-CT using phantoms, cadavers, and human studies on a prototype PCD-CT system. This system, however, had several limitations in terms of scan field-of-view (FOV) and longitudinal coverage. Recently, a full FOV (50 cm) PCD-CT system with wider longitudinal coverage and higher spatial resolution (0.15 mm detector pixels) has been installed in our lab capable of human scanning at clinical dose and dose rate. In this work, we share our initial experience of the new PCD-CT system and compare its performance with a state-of-the-art 3(rd) generation dual-source CT scanner. Basic image quality was assessed using an ACR CT accreditation phantom, high-resolution performance using an anthropomorphic head phantom, and multi-energy and material decomposition performance using a multi-energy CT phantom containing various concentrations of iodine and hydroxyapatite. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of high-resolution, full FOV PCD-CT imaging for improved delineation of anatomical and pathological features in a patient with pulmonary nodules.

Echolocating bats possess remarkable capability of multitarget spatial localization and micromotion sensing in a full field of view (FFOV) even in cluttered environments. Artificial technologies with such capability are highly desirable for various fields. However, current techniques such as visual sensing and laser scanning suffer from numerous fundamental problems. Here, we develop a bioinspired concept of millimeter-wave (mmWave) full-field micromotion sensing, creating a unique mmWave Bat (“mmWBat”), which can map and quantify tiny motions spanning macroscopic to μ m length scales of full-field targets simultaneously and accurately. In mmWBat, we show that the micromotions can be measured via the interferometric phase evolution tracking from range-angle joint dimension, integrating with full-field localization and tricky clutter elimination. With our approach, we demonstrate the capacity to solve challenges in three disparate applications: multiperson vital sign monitoring, full-field mechanical vibration measurement, and multiple sound source localization and reconstruction (radiofrequency microphone). Our work could potentially revolutionize full-field micromotion monitoring in a wide spectrum of applications, while may inspiring novel biomimetic wireless sensing systems.

Here we describe scientific processing pipeline of ASPIICS. The ASPIICS coronagraph onboard the formation ying PROBA-3 mission will deliver unprecedented observations of the solar corona starting from 1:1Rꙩ with low straylight. The Science Operations Center (SOC) of ASPIICS, to be installed at the Royal Observatory of Belgium, is responsible for delivering the raw and radiometrically calibrated data products to the science community. Among other processes, the SOC hosts the ASPIICS science data pipeline. The science processing of the ASPIICS data is required to account for the optical and detector effects correctly, convert the data into physical units, merge individual exposures into full field of view images, and calculate the polarized and spectral data products. The general architecture of the SOC is discussed and a particular attention is paid to the science data pipeline.

The Mexico-UK Sub-Millimetre Camera for AsTronomy (MUSCAT) is a 1.1-mm band receiver consisting of 1,500 single-colour lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors and is scheduled for deployment to the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. MUSCAT is designed to utilise the full field of view of the LMT's upgraded 50-m primary mirror (approximately 4′). Here we will present the as-measured performance of MUSCAT from the final lab-verification testing prior to shipping to the LMT. We will also explain the overall design of MUSCAT including the novel technologies utilised—such as continuous cooling using sorption coolers and a miniature dilutor, and horn-coupled LEKIDs—for which MUSCAT will provide a first on-sky demonstration.

In this paper, we propose a real time, ultrahigh accuracy and full-field-of-view (RUF) algorithm for full field of view (FOV) imaging system. The proposed algorithm combines rough matching and precise matching method to stitch multiple images with the whole FOV in short time and high imaging quality. In order to verify real-time imaging effect of RUF algorithm, we also fabricate a multi-camera imaging system which includes 19 independent cameras. And the experiment result practically illustrates that full-FOV system can achieve good performances under a near-limiting FOV of 360° × 240° with low distortion, meanwhile, optical resolution reaches up to 95 megapixels. 100% registration-accuracy RUF algorithm for imaging in one second can be widely applied to any optical imaging engineering field with large FOV, such as remote sensing imaging, microscopy imaging, monitoring system engineering fields and so on.

We aimed to compare the efficiency of prostate cancer (PCa) detection using a radiomics signature based on advanced zoomed diffusion-weighted imaging and conventional full-field-of-view DWI. A total of 136 patients, including 73 patients with PCa and 63 without PCa, underwent multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI). Radiomic features were extracted from prostate lesion areas segmented on full-field-of-view DWI with b-value = 1500 s/mm2 (f-DWIb1500), advanced zoomed DWI images with b-value = 1500 s/mm2 (z-DWIb1500), calculated zoomed DWI with b-value = 2000 s/mm2 (z-calDWIb2000), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps derived from both sequences (f-ADC and z-ADC). Single-imaging modality radiomics signature, mp-MRI radiomics signature, and a mixed model based on mp-MRI and clinically independent risk factors were built to predict PCa probability. The diagnostic efficacy and the potential net benefits of each model were evaluated. Both z-DWIb1500 and z-calDWIb2000 had significantly better predictive performance than f-DWIb1500 (z-DWIb1500 vs. f-DWIb1500: p = 0.048; z-calDWIb2000 vs. f-DWIb1500: p = 0.014). z-ADC had a slightly higher area under the curve (AUC) value compared with f-ADC value but was not significantly different (p = 0.127). For predicting the presence of PCa, the AUCs of clinical independent risk factors model, mp-MRI model, and mixed model were 0.81, 0.93, and 0.94 in training sets, and 0.74, 0.92, and 0.93 in validation sets, respectively. Radiomics signatures based on the z-DWI technology had better diagnostic accuracy for PCa than that based on the f-DWI technology. The mixed model was better at diagnosing PCa and guiding clinical interventions for patients with suspected PCa compared with mp-MRI signatures and clinically independent risk factors. • Advanced zoomed DWI technology can improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiomics signatures for PCa. • Radiomics signatures based on z-calDWIb2000 have the best diagnostic performance among individual imaging modalities. • Compared with the independent clinical risk factors and the mp-MRI model, the mixed model has the best diagnostic efficiency.

This paper proposes a method for identifying the coefficient of thermal expansion of dissimilar materials. Dissimilar materials are simulating on an electronic packaging. Displacement data used for inverse analysis are obtained by digital image correlation which is a method for measuring displacement in the full field of view without contact. The virtual fields method based on the principle of virtual work is employed as a method for inverse analysis. Each coefficient of thermal expansion that is unknown parameters is determined by preparing virtual displacements as many as the number of unknowns. The effectiveness of the inverse analysis method is demonstrated by identifying the coefficients of thermal expansion of dissimilar materials. Results show that the coefficient of thermal expansion can be obtained by the proposed method.

We experimentally demonstrate full field-of-view optical imaging through scattering regardless of the optical memory effect utilizing designed modulated illumination and independent component analysis. High-fidelity imaging of large field-of-view multi-objects is achieved numerically and experimentally.

Measurements of leaf area index (LAI) are important for modeling microclimate in vegetation research. Among the instruments for measuring the LAI, smartphone cameras are becoming an attractive alternative to special LAI instruments. However, the narrow full field of view (FOV) of the common smartphones offer only an effective viewing zenith angle (VZA) of less than 35° when the camera is pointing straight up. To overcome this limitation, we propose a method to estimate LAI from an inclined smartphone camera that can enlarge the range of the sensor’s effective VZA. With the directional gap fractions extracted from the images taken by the inclined smartphone camera, a curve matching algorithm is used to iteratively search for the simulated G functions, i.e. functions of mean tilt angle (MTA) and VZA. The MTAs corresponding to the matched G functions are selected as ancillary parameters to help calculate the LAI. The proposed method is validated using data collected over crops and trees by a LAI-2200 instrument and a Huawei Honor 7 smartphone. The results reveal that an inclination angle of 30° from zenith is superior to other angles of 0, 45 and 60°. A good agreement between the LAI measurements from the proposed method and those from the LAI-2200 supports the accurate estimation of MTAs. The success of the MTA estimates and thus LAI measurements is attributed to the enlarged VZA ranging from 4° to 60°, and this VZA is comparable with that of the LAI-2200 instrument. The attraction of the proposed method is that it does not rely on the empiric al G value or MTA, providing an affordable alternative to traditional commercial instruments. Future efforts can be directed to automatically capture images when the smartphone is inclined to the desired angle.

The development of aviation transport over the years introduces high requirements to ensure safety, accuracy and continuity in all flight phases of aircraft. The approach and landing processes are the most difficult operations to perform, especially when flying in adverse weather and low visibility conditions. The paper is aimed to introduce another approach to design a landing aid system integrated with a beam coding technique that utilizing a Rotman Lens antenna to create multiple beams, which each has a distinct steering angle and is marked by using a Pseudo-Random Noise code. By generating numerous microwave beams coverage full field of view, the introduced technique improves the resolution of angular in finding the direction of aircraft and provided additional information to support the landing process safer. Practical measurement is conducted to verify the usefulness of the proposed system. Based on the obtained results, the system is suitable for future applications in aviation.

In this paper, we describe a novel enhancement method for images containing filamentous structures. Our method combines a gradient sparsity constraint with a filamentous structure constraint for the effective removal of clutter and noise from the background. The method is applied and evaluated on three types of data: 1) confocal microscopy images of neurons; 2) calcium imaging data; and 3) images of road pavement. We found that the images enhanced by our method preserve both the structure and the intensity details of the original object. In the case of neuron microscopy, we find that the neurons enhanced by our method are better correlated with the original structure intensities than the neurons enhanced by well-known vessel enhancement methods. Experiments on simulated calcium imaging data indicate that both the number of detected neurons and the accuracy of the derived calcium activity are improved. Applying our method to real calcium data, more regions exhibiting calcium activity in the full field of view were found. In road pavement crack detection, smaller or milder cracks were detected after using our enhancement method.

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a promising phase retrieval algorithm that does not need interferometry. Recently, reflective FPM has been highlighted as a measuring method for surface inspection in the industry, but using it is challenging because of the limited speed of the conventional misalignment correction methods. Here, we propose a new misalignment correction method to overcome this limitation by using additional 4f imaging and modifying the conventional misalignment method. As a result, about 1 mm2 (8095 × 8095) wide field of view image was reconstructed within 980.3 s.

In order to meet the requirement of high image quality and super-wide-angle mobile phone lens, a super-wide-angle mobile phone lens with a curved image surface and 10 megapixels based on monocentric lenses is designed in the paper. The mobile phone lens is composed of 4 monocentric lenses. The focal length is 3.32mm, the F-number is 1.85, the FOV is 95° and the total length is 5.24mm. The final design shows that the MTF is larger than 0.52 in the 0.7 field of view and the MTF of the whole FOV is larger than 0.45 at 209 lp/mm. The MTF is larger than 0.3 in the 0.7 field of view and the MTF of the whole FOV is larger than 0.2 at 417 lp/mm. The RMS radiuses of different fields of view are less than 3 μm . The relative illumination values are greater than 0.6 in the full field of view. The optical system has good image quality.

In this paper, we compare a standard wide angle system design to an array of four off-axis micro optics systems. The reference system is a single x/y-symmetric optical system to reach full field of view (FOV) of 140°×170°. To obtain the same FOV an array of four off-axis systems, consisting of tilted and decentered freeform elements, with small sub FOVs is designed. The system design is such that a production via 3D-two-photon printing is possible. We compare the performances of the standard system to that of the array of off-axis systems.

A smart glass augmented reality (AR) display system is designed with a streamlined form factor featuring an off-axis mirror design. The main component of the combiner optics is in the shape of a regular pair of eyeglasses or sunglasses, with no diffractive gratings, waveguides (lightguides), prisms or Fresnel surfaces involved. High quality see-through performance is achieved with a low-cost combiner that consists of only highly manufacturable reflective surfaces. The 20-degree full field of view of the AR display is centered at about 30 degrees with respect to the center of the ocular vision. Such a design allows the user to have a clear unobscured central field of view. At the same time, the projected image is accessible by moving the eyeball off the central vision. The system is designed with a circular eye box with more than 10 mm in diameter.

We report on our ongoing efforts to ensure that the MICADO NIR imager reaches differential absolute (often abbreviated: relative) astrometric performance limited by the SNR of typical observations. The exceptional 39m diameter collecting area in combination with a powerful multi-conjugate adaptive optics system (called MAORY) brings the nominal centroiding error, which scales as FWHM/SNR, down to a few 10 uas. Here we show that an exceptional effort is needed to provide a system which delivers adequate and calibrateable astrometric performance over the full field of view (up to 53 arcsec diameter)., Comment: 5 pages, submitted to SPIE 2018 Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation

Using progressive design method, we designed and built a wide field of view (FOV) catadioptric lens for LWIR earth sensors in the 14 to 16 μm range. The prototype lens is compatible with 640×480 uncooled FPA and 25 microns pixel pitch. Its full field of view is 170° and F number is 0.86. The f-theta distortion is less than 1%. Besides, the system works well during a temperature range of -40°C~+60°C.

We report a simple single-molecule fluorescence imaging method that increases the temporal resolution of any type of array detector by >5-fold with full field-of-view. We spread single-molecule spots to adjacent pixels by rotating a mirror in the detection path during the exposure time of a single frame, which encodes temporal information into the spatial domain. Our approach allowed us to monitor fast blinking of an organic dye, the dissociation kinetics of very short DNA and conformational changes of biomolecules with much improved temporal resolution than the conventional method. Our technique is useful when a large field-of-view is required, for example, in the case of weakly interacting biomolecules or cellular imaging.

We developed a miniaturized, simple and full field-of-view photoacoustic/ultrasonic endoscopy system, and used a flexible coil to transmit the rotational torque from the rotary stage, which enables a 360o field-of-view imaging in vivo. The developed imaging catheter was fully encapsulated by a single-use protective polyamide tube. A B-scan rate up to 5 Hz (200 A-lines/B-scan) was achieved. Three-dimensional photoacoustic and ultrasound images of the rectum from a SD rat were acquired in vivo. It suggests that this PAE system can be of great interest for clinical translation for a variety of endoscopic applications.

Fluorescence imaging is well suited to provide image guidance during resections in oncologic and vascular surgery. However, the distorting effects of tissue optical properties on the emitted fluorescence are poorly compensated for on even the most advanced fluorescence image guidance systems, leading to subjective and inaccurate estimates of tissue fluorophore concentrations. Here we present a novel fluorescence imaging technique that performs real-time (i.e., video rate) optical property corrected fluorescence imaging. We perform full field of view simultaneous imaging of tissue optical properties using Single Snapshot of Optical Properties (SSOP) and fluorescence detection. The estimated optical properties are used to correct the emitted fluorescence with a quantitative fluorescence model to provide quantitative fluorescence-Single Snapshot of Optical Properties (qF-SSOP) images with less than 5% error. The technique is rigorous, fast, and quantitative, enabling ease of integration into the surgical workflow with the potential to improve molecular guidance intraoperatively.

We present the main design features for the GISMO-2 bolometer camera, which we build for background-limited operation at the IRAM 30 m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain. GISMO-2 will operate simultaneously in the 1 and 2 mm atmospherical windows. The 1 mm channel uses a 32×40 TES-based backshort under grid (BUG) bolometer array, the 2 mm channel operates with a 16×16 BUG array. The camera utilizes almost the entire full field of view provided by the telescope. The optical design of GISMO-2 was strongly influenced by our experience with the GISMO 2 mm bolometer camera, which is successfully operating at the 30 m telescope. GISMO is accessible to the astronomical community through the regular IRAM call for proposals.

In order to realize the guidance and control of the flight system, we focused on the study of different guidance instructions extraction methods and system stability control problems with respect to the characteristics of full-strapdown optical imaging seeker. First, we established the model of strapdown optical imaging seeker and introduced the definition of scale factor and the theoretical compute formula. Then the full field of view accuracy of full-strapdown optical imaging seeker was gained through the experiment and the validity of the scale factor definition has been tested and verified. Finally, we analyzed the system stabilities of different guidance instructions extraction methods. The results showed that if we applied the line of sight angular rate (LOS angular rate) to the system, the scale factor error was 5% when the free-running frequency of the overload autopilot was 20rad/s, and the scale factor error was 8.4% when the free-running frequency was 10rad/s. And if we applied the line of sight angle (LOS angle) to the system, the scale factor error was 33.3%, irrelevant to the free-running frequency. This analysis laid a foundation of guidance application. (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

The objective of the present study was to examine the grey value parameters and their magnitudes produced by CBCT and whether they are influenced by different scanners with various scanning conditions.An ATOM Max dental and diagnostic artificial head was scanned by two CBCT scanners (Planmeca and iCAT). Under full field of view with normal dose and ultralow-dose (ULD) conditions, the Planmeca scanner was examined for three scanning resolutions (200, 400, and 600 micron voxel sizes) and the iCAT scanner was tested for four scanning resolutions (200, 250, 300 and 400 micron voxel sizes). After 9 weeks, the artificial head was scanned again by the Planmeca scanner with the same scanning conditions. In addition, two hydroxyapatite phantoms (1220 and 1540 mg cmThe different scanning conditions and the bilateral locations of the artificial head did not have significant effects on measurements of the grey value parameters (p 0.436) with excellent repeatability. However, the iCAT scanner produced significantly different grey values from the Planmeca scanner (p 0.001).CBCT can assess BMD, while calibration of absolute measures is necessary to obtain comparable values between different scanners that are currently used to assess oral bone quantity and quality.

The purpose of the study was to calculate the effective dose delivered to the patient undergoing cone beam (CB) CT of the jaws and maxillofacial complex using the i-CAT Next Generation CBCT scanner (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA).A RANDO® phantom (The Phantom Laboratory, Salem, NY) containing thermoluminence dosemeters were scanned 10 times for each of the 6 imaging protocols. Effective doses for each protocol were calculated using the 1990 and approved 2007 International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended tissue weighting factors (E1990, E2007).The effective dose for E1990 and E2007, respectively, were: full field of view (FOV) of the head, 47 μSv and 78 μSv; 13 cm scan of the jaws, 44 μSv and 77 μSv; 6 cm standard mandible, 35 μSv and 58 μSv; 6 cm high resolution mandible, 69 μSv and 113 μSv; 6 cm standard maxilla, 18 μSv and 32 μSv; and 6 cm high resolution maxilla, 35 μSv and 60 μSv.Using the new generation of CBCT scanner, the effective dose is lower than the original generation machine for a similar FOV using the ICRP 2007 tissue weighting factors.

To measure the width of the zone of transition (ZOT) between nonaerated solid tumor and surrounding nonneoplastic lung parenchyma and determine the extent to which ZOT influences computer-derived estimates of tumor volume based on computed tomographic (CT) images.This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional research board. The histologic slide containing the maximum tumor area was digitized for 20 consecutive patients with solid adenocarcinoma. The outer border of the tumor (A2) was marked; it included all lung parenchyma having any tumor cells. The inner border of the tumor (A1) was marked; it included only solid tumor where lung parenchyma was no longer preserved. Assuming two circles with areas of A2 and A1, the corresponding two radii, R2 and R1, were calculated. The average width of the ZOT was defined as R2 minus R1. The relationship between ZOT and tumor diameter on the CT images prior to surgery was assessed by using regression analysis. The relationship between ZOT and tumor volume was assessed by using a theoretical model of idealized spheres with varying diameters.The mean width of the ZOT was 0.78 mm (median, 0.48 mm). The proportional effect of ZOT on tumor volume estimates decreased with increasing tumor diameter and increased with increasing width of ZOT. Correlation between ZOT and tumor diameter was not significant (P = .87).The average width of ZOT is about a single pixel width on a full field of view CT scan; thus, the ZOT can have a large effect on volume estimates, particularly for small tumors.

Endoscopy is an essential clinical tool for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer. A photoacoustic system that elegantly combines optical and ultrasound endoscopy advantages by providing high-sensitivity functional information and large imaging depth is a potentially powerful tool for GI tract imaging. Recently, several photoacoustic endoscopic imaging systems have been proposed and developed. However, the relatively large size and rigid length of the catheter make it difficult to translate them into wide clinical applications; while the existing system of a relatively small catheter, capable of in vivo animal imaging, is unable to acquire full (360°) field-of-view cross-section images. In this study, we developed a photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-modality endoscopic system and a corresponding miniaturized, encapsulated imaging catheter, which provides a full 360° field-of-view. The diameter of the catheter is 2.5 mm, which is compatible with the 2.8-mm instrumental channel of a conventional clinical optical endoscope. Using this system, we demonstrate in vivo 3-dimensional endoscopic photoacoustic/ultrasonic imaging of the colorectum of a healthy Sprague Dawley rat, by depicting vasculature and morphology of the GI tract. The significantly improved imaging field of view, reduced catheter size, high-quality imaging results suggest that the developed photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-modality endoscopy has a great potential to be translated into a broad range of clinical applications in gastroenterology.

An optical system for airborne Helmet Visor Display(HVD) is designed according to characteristics of the airborne helmet and requirements of man-machine engineering. The optical performance and distortion model are analyzed,and the distortion correction algorithm and software are presented to reduce the distortion of the designed optical system. Experimental results show that after correcting the distortion for the designed optical system,a high imaging quality is achieved,the MTF approaches 0.2 at the spatial frequency of 50lp/mm,and the full field of view distortion is less than 0.5%.The results meet the demands of airborne Helmet Visor Display(HVD).

Recent advances in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology have led to the development of a multitude of new devices heretofore impossible. However, applications of these devices are still hampered by challenges posed by their integration and packaging. The current trend in micro/nanosystems is to produce ever smaller, lighter and more capable devices at a lower cost than ever before. In addition, the finished products have to operate at very low power and in very adverse conditions while ensuring durable and reliable performance. Some of the new devices have been developed to function at high operational speeds, and others to make accurate measurements of operating conditions of specific processes. Regardless of their applications, the devices have to be packaged to facilitate their use. MEMS packaging, however, is application-specific and, usually, has to be developed on a case-by-case basis. To facilitate advances of MEMS, educational programmes have been introduced addressing all aspects in their development. This paper addresses progress in MEMS by presenting pertinent aspects in a development of MEMS including, but not limited to, design, analysis, fabrication, characterisation, packaging, and testing. This presentation is illustrated with selected examples.

Illusions of self-movement (vection) can be used in virtual reality (VR) and other applications to give users the embodied sensation that they are moving when physical movement is unfeasible or too costly. Whereas a large body of vection literature studied how various parameters of the presented visual stimulus affect vection, little is known how different display types might affect vection. As a step toward addressing this gap, we conducted three experiments to compare vection and usability parameters between commonly used VR displays, ranging from stereoscopic projection and 3D TV to high-end head-mounted display (HMD, NVIS SX111) and recent low-cost HMD (Oculus Rift). The last experiment also compared these two HMDs in their native full field of view (FOV) and a reduced, matched FOV of 72° × 45°. Participants moved along linear and curvilinear paths in the virtual environment, reported vection onset time, and rated vection intensity at the end of each trial. In addition, user ratings on immersion, motion sickness, vection, and overall preference were recorded retrospectively and compared between displays. Unexpectedly, there were no significant effects of display on vection measures. Reducing the FOV for the HMDs (from full to 72° × 45°) decreased vection onset latencies, but did not affect vection intensity. As predicted, curvilinear paths yielded earlier and more intense vection. Although vection has often been proposed to predict or even cause motion sickness, we observed no correlation for any of the displays studied. In conclusion, perceived self-motion and other user experience measures proved surprisingly tolerant toward changes in display type as long as the FOV was roughly matched. This suggests that display choice for vection research and VR applications can be largely based on other considerations as long as the provided FOV is sufficiently large.

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) systems have been used for dentomaxillofacial surgery applications. Different dental CBCT devices are being developed and released, with a wide variability of exposure parameters and fields of view. Although they have sufficient diagnostic quality, a quantitative analysis of image quality and radiation dose is required to enable their optimal use. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a feasible methodology for image quality analysis for different dental CBCT devices. The methodology was based on conventional CT quality control procedures and adapted to overcome the limitations of dental CBCT. A prototype phantom was specially designed to allow the acquisition of image quality parameters relevant to dental imaging. Equipments were divided into categories, related to their field of view: Small Field of View (SFOV) and Full Field of View (FFOV). The following image quality parameters were evaluated: uniformity, noise, contrast-to-noise ratio, CT number accuracy, artifacts, spatial resolution and geometric distortion. Applicability of the methodology was assessed using one SFOV and four FFOV CBCT devices. Results from preliminary analyses of the prototype phantom showed its potential for routine quality assurance on dental CBCT. Large differences in image quality performance were seen between the devices.

Since the last IODC meeting, the field of optical design with freeform surfaces has burst onto the scene. This talk will present a first of its kind, all reflective, unobscured, three-mirror 10° full field of view, F/1.9 operational freeform imaging telescope from design to full assembly.

In this paper a one-shot method to determine the shape of an object from overlapping cosine fringes projected from multiple projectors is presented. This overcomes the limitation with single projector systems that do not allow imaging the entire object with a single shot. The proposed method projects orthogonal fringe patterns from different projectors and uses Fourier domain filtering to isolate the fringes, which are demodulated using an unscented particle filter. Sources of error are discussed and their effects on the resulting parameter estimation are shown, as well as methods to reduce their impact. The proposed method is tested on simulations and real world objects and it is shown to be effective to isolate interfering fringes and determine the shape of an object.

We will present SixSenso’s low cost and portable devices for measuring scattering, reading microarrays, detecting and counting microorganisms, cells and particles, by exploiting full field of view CMOS or CCD at the highest resolution.

Current capsule endoscope uses one camera to capture the surface image in the intestine. It can only observe the abnormal point, but cannot know the exact information of this abnormal point. Using two cameras can generate 3D images, but the visual plane changes while capsule endoscope rotates. It causes that two cameras can’t capture the images information completely. To solve this question, this research provides a new kind of capsule endoscope to capture 3D images, which is 'A 3D photographic capsule endoscope system'. The system uses three cameras to capture images in real time. The advantage is increasing the viewing range up to 2.99 times respect to the two camera system. The system can accompany 3D monitor provides the exact information of symptom points, helping doctors diagnose the disease.

Majority of present applications used buttons or touch panels as their human-computer interface. The limitation of these methods is that users can not interact with the equipments in a natural way, since people should operate the equipments according to certain rules which are arranged beforehand. This paper proposes a novel interactive system which is controlled by user's natural motion. An omni-directional display goes with the system and it gives users full field of view. In addition, the system contains a target following photography equipment and it provides on-line video chat and remote monitoring functions. The interactive system can be considered as a new form of human-computer interface and the advantages and potential of it are discussed in this paper. Finally, a demonstration and experimental results are given to evaluate the validity of the system.

Gas correlation imagers are important instruments for remotely detecting effluent emissions. However, making a functional design for field testing is non-trivial given the range of environmental conditions the system may be operated under and the required matched imaging performance for both channels. We present a dual channel 7 degree full field of view f/2.5 athermal optical design athermalized from 0 to 50 degrees C that operates in the wavelength range of 2.0 to 2.5 microns suitable for methane imaging. We present the optical design, tolerance budget, and alignment plan used for the system. Predicted and as-built performance data including interferometric and ensquared energy measurements for both imaging channels are also shown.

We present the concept for the GISMO-2 bolometer camera) which we build for background-limited operation at the IRAM 30 m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain. GISM0-2 will operate Simultaneously in the 1 mm and 2 mm atmospherical windows. The 1 mm channel uses a 32 x 40 TES-based Backshort Under Grid (BUG) bolometer array, the 2 mm channel operates with a 16 x 16 BUG array. The camera utilizes almost the entire full field of view provided by the telescope. The optical design of GISM0-2 was strongly influenced by our experience with the GISMO 2 mm bolometer camera which is successfully operating at the 30m telescope. GISMO is accessible to the astronomical community through the regular IRAM call for proposals.

This paper presents the preliminary stages of the development of a compact optomechatronic prototype for the characterization and study of biological tissues in full field of view. The system is based on the optical non invasive technique known as digital holographic interferometry (DHI), which allows displacement measurements in the micrometer range, a key feature for the study of biological tissues. An ad-hoc optomechanical design contemplates a sturdy system yet compact that renders high quality images able to generate new data about the biological tissues under study. These data contain quantitative and qualitative information of tissue mechanical parameters. The DHI results are presented as fringe phase maps related to tissue surface displacements, showing that the proposed prototype provides non invasive information pertaining to the mechanical characteristics of the tissue which can be used later to diagnose certain tissue pathologies. The use of this prototype in the biomedical area may be thought of as a new and complementary tool for the study and research in full field of view that may even be used in conditions outside the laboratory.

To retrospectively evaluate the prevalence and clinicoradiologic features of lung cancer detected at cardiac computed tomography (CT) and compare the detection rates at different field-of-view (FOV) settings.The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for patient consent. Patients with lung cancer initially detected at cardiac CT were identified by means of a retrospective search of a lung cancer registry patient database between January 2004 and December 2007. Patients known to have lung cancer at the time of cardiac CT were excluded. The prevalence and clinical and radiologic features of lung cancer were evaluated. The rates of lung cancer detection at three FOVs-limited and full FOV at cardiac scanning and full FOV at thoracic scanning-were compared by using McNemar testing.The prevalence of lung cancer detected at CT was 0.31% (36 of 11654 patients, 16 [44%] never smokers) and was higher in patients suspected or known to have coronary artery disease (0.43% [24 of 5615 patients]) than in asymptomatic screening-examined patients (0.20% [12 of 5924 patients]) (P = .0457). Adenocarcinoma was the most common (in 31 [86%] of 36 patients) histologic subtype. Of 34 non-small cell lung cancers, 23 (68%)-including 16 stage IA cancers-were resectable. Four (11%) and 19 (53%) of the 36 CT-depicted cancers were visible in limited and full FOV at cardiac scanning, respectively, and 17 (47%) were visible in full FOV at thoracic scanning only.The prevalence of lung cancer at cardiac CT was 0.31%; and 68% of these malignancies were at a resectable stage. Use of a limited FOV at cardiac scanning led to a large majority (89% [32 of 36 cancers]) of the lung cancers detected at full thoracic scanning being missed; thus, inclusion of the entire chest at cardiac CT is advisable.

Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has great relevance for cardiothoracic surgical procedures, providing information essential to decisions regarding proceeding with surgical intervention, presurgical planning, as well as assessment for surgical efficacy and complications. In addition to visualization cardiovascular anatomy, CCTA provides a 3-D view of the relationships between thoracic skeletal, vascular, visceral, and cardiac structures (Figure 24.1). The spectrum of approaches to cardiovascular surgery has expanded to minimally invasively procedures [1, 2]. CCTA 3-D full field of view images with use of editing software enables visualization of multidimensional planes important to achieving access to target structures while avoiding important vascular and visceral thoracic structures for planning of these minimally invasive procedures.