Search

The technique of reconstructing the thematic pairs of weather omens does not reveal the patterns for their formation. This strategy of analysis does not provide an answer to the question of how a particular event situation is related to a specific weather forecast. The deep semiotic structures of the upcoming weather omens will not fundamentally differ from the semiotic structures of other omens, because their patterns are formed from the actualized semantic features of binary oppositions, in which the event and predictive parts of omens will be implemented. The article analyzes the signs, in the event part of which the meteorological and other natural phenomena are described, the "behavior" of the material objects, the behavior of animals, birds and other faunal forms, body sensations, their structural and semiotic patterns are determined and their belonging to semantic-functional classes are identified.

The article emphasizes the importance of the interdependence of managing the economic efficiency of economic activity at the macro level and the micro level, considering that management efficiency was first studied as an independent concept as a result of pressing issues of the present time, such as quality, efficiency, solvency, stability, optimality, reliability. The concept of efficiency in the context of the economic category has been considered, the main types of efficiency have been defined. The difference between the concept of efficiency and effectiveness has been justified. Theoretical and practical aspects of the analysis of the effectiveness of the business entity's activity have been stated. Characterization of the fundamental approaches and methods of analyzing the effectiveness of the enterprise has been given. As a result of the research targeted, systematic, individual and integrated approaches to determining performance have been emphasized. It has been suggested to use complex and individual approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of the enterprise activity, which should take into account the specificity of the sphere of activity. The system of criteria and indicators of the analysis of efficiency of the enterprise activity has been presented, generalized and investigated.

Author Juris Jansons requested his exclusion from the authors of the original publication [...].

The high incidence of epithelial malignancies in HIV-1 infected individuals is associated with co-infection with oncogenic viruses, such as high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs), mostly HPV16. The molecular mechanisms underlying the HIV-1-associated increase in epithelial malignancies are not fully understood. A collaboration between HIV-1 and HR HPVs in the malignant transformation of epithelial cells has long been anticipated. Here, we delineated the effects of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on the in vitro and in vivo properties of HPV16-infected cervical cancer cells. A human cervical carcinoma cell line infected with HPV16 (Ca Ski) was made to express HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) by lentiviral transduction. The levels of the mRNA of the E6 isoforms and of the factors characteristic to the epithelial/mesenchymal transition were assessed by real-time RT-PCR. The parameters of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration were determined using Seahorse technology. RT expressing Ca Ski subclones were assessed for the capacity to form tumors in nude mice. RT expression increased the expression of the E6*I isoform, modulated the expression of E-CADHERIN and VIMENTIN, indicating the presence of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, enhanced glycolysis, and inhibited mitochondrial respiration. In addition, the expression of RT induced phenotypic alterations impacting cell motility, clonogenic activity, and the capacity of Ca Ski cells to form tumors in nude mice. These findings suggest that HIV-RT, a multifunctional protein, affects HPV16-induced oncogenesis, which is achieved through modulation of the expression of the E6 oncoprotein. These results highlight a complex interplay between HIV antigens and HPV oncoproteins potentiating the malignant transformation of epithelial cells.

The data have been acquired that 31.7% of patients of aestheticians and plastic surgeons meet the criteria of depressive disorders, while 36.7% meet the criteria of anxiety disorders. The signs of increased individual or public attention, as well as social fear are reported in 63% of patients. The study results suggest the need to conduct a comprehensive diagnostic examination, to apply treatment and rehabilitation measures involving psychiatrist (therapist) in this cohort of patients.

Introduction. Clay soil is a multiphase, multicomponent aluminosilicate dispersed system with specific properties determined not only by its composition but also by the formation of coagulative and transition contacts (binds) between the soil particles. One of the methods of changing soil properties is the introduction of active mineral additives that promote the formation of phase contacts (binds) between soil particles as a result of the pozzolanic reaction. The effectiveness of using carbide sludge, which is a multi-tonnage lime-containing waste (the content of active calcium oxide reaches 56%) as an additive, has been proved. However, to date, the proposed mechanism of interaction in the «clay soil – carbide sludge» system is based only on the literature data and has not been experimentally verified. The purpose of this research is to study the mechanism of structure formation in the «clay soil – carbide sludge» dispersed system. Methods and materials. A soil model has been created by mixing saponite-containing material with sand, which corresponds to the composition and properties of sandy loam. The carbide sludge in the form of a suspension was selected from the sludge collector, dried to a constant mass and sieved. Microstructural analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and X-ray phase analysis were used to study the mechanism of structure formation. Results and discussions. Based the results of the differential thermal analysis, there is a decrease in the intensity of the endothermic effect in the range of 460 to 470°C associated with the decomposition of calcium hydroxide in the treated sample. Additionally, an endothermic effect is observed at 750°C, which indicating the decomposition of calcium silicate hydrate. The results of differential thermal analysis are confirmed by X-ray phase analysis, which shows the presence of tobermorite group hydrosilicates in the reaction medium. The study of the microstructure of the analyzed mixtures revealed a decrease in the specific volume of pores with a diameter of 4–5 nm in the modified clay soil. This is associated with gelling from particles of new hydrate formations. Besides that, the volume of pores with a diameter of more than 6 nm increased, which indicates the process of

Background: Overweight and especially obesity are associated with the risk of the development and progression of colorectal cancer. It can be assumed that there are multifaceted interactions between the tumor and adipose tissue during anti-tumor treatment. Cancer cells secrete exosomes, extracellular vesicles affecting the microenvironment of the tumor and promoting its progression or regression. The presence of transcription/translation/folding factors (heat shock proteins (HSPs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in exosomes secreted by irradiated cells and cells exposed to hyperthermia, indicates the cell adaptation to the thermal and radiation stress. Aim: To analyze the MMPs, TIMP1, and HSPs on CD9-positive (CD9+) exosomes, as well as on exosomes of adipocytic origin (FABP4+) in rectal cancer patients with overweight/obesity under thermoradiochemotherapy (TRCT) and their association with the immediate treatment efficacy. Methods: Since 2021, 20 patients (of those 8 men; median age 59.0 [52.0; 63.0] years, median body mass index 29.6 [28.5; 33.1] kg/m2) with morphologically verified rectal cancer (T3-4N0M0 and T3-4N1M0, differentiation grade G1–G3) have been participating in the study. They were treated with TRCT: external gamma therapy (2 Gy, 1 fraction/day, 5 days/week, total focal dose 54 Gy), chemotherapy with capecitabine (825 mg/m2 twice daily) combined with local hyperthermia (42–44 °C, 60 min, 3 times/week, 10 sessions). The TRCT efficacy was assessed by RECIST 1.1 and ESGAR criteria. Blood samples for exosomes were taken from the patients at baseline (point 1), in the middle of the treatment course (point 2), at 6 to 10 weeks after the end of TRCT (point 3), and at 6 months after point 1 (point 4). Small extracellular vesicles were isolated from plasma by ultrafiltration with double ultracentrifugation. The isolated exosomes were characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, flow cytometry and nanoparticle trajectory analysis (NTA). Results: TRCT resulted in complete tumor regression in 13/20 of the rectal cancer patients and partial regression or stabilization in 7/20. Four subpopulations of CD9+ and FABP4+ exosomes associated with the TRCT efficacy were identified (CD9+MMP2+, СD9+MMP2+9+TIMP1+, СD9+MMP2+9+TIMP1-, and FABP4+MMP2+9-TIMP1+). Compared to the CD9+ exosomes, the adipocytic vesicles had higher MMP2 expression (p = 0.026); however, the adipocyte vesicles subpopulation were virtually free of vesicles with combined MMP2 and MMP9 gelatinase expression. The HSPs expression by circulating exosomes at various TRCT steps was associated neither with direct treatment efficacy nor with the vesicle type. Conclusion: The expression of MMPs and TIMP1 on CD9+ and FABP4+ exosomes is associated with TRCT efficacy. In the future, vesicular markers could be used to build prognostic models, to identify patient groups with an unfavorable prognosis, and to personalize treatment and follow-up.

The shared worldview of the so-called “village” writers often obscures the questions regarding their differing evaluations of social reality, interpretations of historical changes, and understandings of humanity’s place in the world. In this context, the task of comparative analysis of their similar artistic solutions appears both relevant and novel. This article examines the case of different scales of a seemingly analogous plot situation. The stories analyzed are Vasily Shukshin’s “The Boots” and Boris Yekimov’s “A Pair of Autumn Shoes”. It is demonstrated that the protagonists of Shukshin and Yekimov manifest themselves within narratives of varying existential intensity, addressing distinct challenges. Despite the apparent similarity in plots, their narrative differences are evident. Shukshin’s characters understand how life should be, yet often deviate from their ideals, fearing kindness; thus, in the writer’s world, the existential is frequently devalued. Vasily Shukshin, who captures the disintegration of the existential within the hero’s inner world, illustrates in “The Boots” that overcoming the mundane is an act of heroism and a personal triumph. Conversely, Boris Yekimov places fundamentally different emphases: within a superficially similar situation, he addresses a transpersonal challenge. The essence of the plot realized in “A Pair of Autumn Shoes” serves to remind readers of spiritual and communal values that may be lost amid everyday concerns.

The article introduces a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to authorship speech masking identification and classification as a research domain of the linguistics of lies. The material for the study was a corpus of conflict-prone texts, which, among other things, contained deliberately falsified information about the author. The paper discloses the issues of conflict-prone texts authorship investigation. It presents the description of the main types of speech masking and linguistic ways of their expression. The legal aspects of the concept are revealed, in particular, the description of crimes is given, the compositions of which may include a speech masking of authorship. Some features of the subjective side of the offense (intent, motive) are studied, thus it enables qualifying the speech behavior of a person as a disguise. The psychological aspect of speech masking in the author’s text is highlighted, trends in psychological influence orientation in the context of various types of its implementation are noted. The comprehensive study resulted in the establishment and description of the types of authorship masking. Based on the study of the text array, the linguistic and psychological characteristics of each of the diagnosed types of disguise were identified in terms of legislative norms and relevant law enforcement practice.

The purpose of the study is to compare the Prison Reform of 1879 carried out in Russia with the requirements of the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners adopted by the United Nations in 1955. The study was conducted on the example of the Tobolsk prison complex of the late XIX – early XX centuries, based on practically achieved results. The sources of the study were the materials of the State Archives of the Tyumen, Omsk, Tomsk regions, as well as the State Archives of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study combines two approaches: modernization and civilizational, using two methods: comparative historical and actualization. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a new look at the Prison Reform of 1879 through modern European standards of the rights of prisoners. The results of the Prison Reform of 1879 were compared with the requirements of the UN on the following grounds: prohibition of discrimination, protection of religious rights, compilation of a register of prisoners, their breakdown into categories, sanitary conditions and nutrition, education, libraries, recreation, work and work of prison inspections. The comparison showed that at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, the Tobolsk prison complex (“Prison Castle”) was an advanced penitentiary institution of that time, not only generally conforming to European standards of the mid-XX century, but partly surpassing them. The Russian government planned to extend the achieved experience to other places of detention, but the process was interrupted by the revolution of 1905-1907. The results of the study showed that in Russia, the humanization of imprisonment was based not only on the principles of utility and rationalism, but in many respects – on Orthodox ideas of mercy, therefore, initially coincided with future European standards. Meanwhile, some reform measures turned out to be premature, as they were carried out in conditions of exceptional poverty of the rest of the Russian people and the absence of the concept of “human rights” in their lives. This contradiction became one of the links in the system of socio-economic problems that eventually led Russia to revolution.

Background. Ageing is associated with progressive impairment of physical functions and increased risk of age-related chronic diseases. Polyphenols such as mangiferin, quercetin and trans-cinnamic acid are also used for the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. Toxicological research was important in biomedical research, as some high-dose extracted polyphenols could contribute to the development and progression of cancer and other diseases. This study is aimed at assessing toxicological safety of previously isolated phenolic compounds from plants of the Siberian Federal District. Materials and methods. Rodents have been chosen as the model organism. The study of mutagenic and antimutagenic properties was carried out using a micronuclear test of bone marrow cell. Cytotoxicity in vitro was assessed using the MTT test. Results. Polyphenols studied at doses of 50.0 and 100.0 mg/kg are not mutagenic. Mangiferri and quercetin at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg do not have anti-thagenic effects. In this case, trans-cinnamic acid in the same concentration has antimutagenic effect. Mangiferin in concentrates from 4.2 to 16.7 ug/ml has a cytotoxic effect. Trans-cinnamic acid is not cytotoxic (at 2.1-33.3 ug/ml). Quercetin has a cytotoxic effect in concentrations of 0.21 and 1.67 ug/ml, and at concentrations of 3.33 ug/ml increases the viability of splenocytes, presumably due to antioxidant properties. Conclusion. Safety or low toxicity is a decisive advantage of the continued use of polyphenols as advanced heroic flow agents. Further study of biologically active substances (mangiferin, quercetin and trans-cinnamic acid) has been found to be ce-woody. The work was carried out by the state task on the topic «Development of biologically active additives consisting of metabolites of plant objects in vitro to protect the population from premature aging» (project FZSR-2024-0008) using the equipment of Center of Collective Use «Instrumental methods of analysis in the field of applied biotechnology» on the basis of KemSU.

Abstract: The research is dedicated to exposing the specifics of translating multimodal puns on the basis of the retrospective experiment. Multimodal pun is defined as a creolized/polycoded formation substantiated by a certain type of ambiguity and consisting of two inhomogeneous semiotic modes. The material for our research was provided by verbal-visual puns functioning as separate texts. Each multimodal pun is the result of intersemiotic translation when the signs of one semiotic system are transformed into the signs of another one. For the vast majority of multimodal puns verbal signs are interpreted into pictures, but the opposite cannot be excluded either. The role of the visual component is twofold. It can be creative when the picture is part of ambiguity mechanism; or it can be amplifying when the picture accentuates the verbal wordplay not participating directly in the creation of ambiguity. Hence, our first hypothesis is that multimodal puns with an amplifying visual component are a lesser challenge for translators than those with a creative one due to the absence of necessity to coordinate verbal and visual modes in the target text. The aim of the research is to identify the strategies of interlinguistic translation of multimodal puns as well as factors that determine them and in particular the impact of the visual mode on the translator’s decision-making. Hence, our second hypothesis is that multimodal puns require double strategies that would allow to correlate the reproduction of the elements of two different semiotic systems. The analysis of the subjects’ translations as well as their reports received in the course of the delayed retrospective experiment confirmed both hypotheses.

The introduction justifies the topicality of studying and importance of conceptualization and operationalization of the social and psychological phenomenon of constructive behavior in conflict situations. The theoretical analysis involved three main stages. The first stage focused on identification of the subject matter and functional structure of constructive behavior in an interpersonal conflict situation. The conceptualized phenomenon is understood as a functional system of conscious, creative activity of an individual, the overall target and meaning focus of which is connected with searching for and formation ways and means of developing and implementing the program, integrated and arranged as a whole, of coordinated executive interactions with a partner to satisfy one’s own and the partner’s meaningful interests when contradictions arise within common, shared social and psychological space. The second stage dealt with consideration of the major characteristics of constructive behavior in an interpersonal conflict situation. The range of these characteristics includes subjectness, proactivity, purposefulness, creativity, eco-sensitivity, syntonicity, concordance, integrativeness, productivity, supra-situational supersubject non-opposition. The third stage of the scientific analysis sought to compare constructive behavior with other forms of reacting in an interpersonal conflict situation. The given qualitative comparative analysis yielded the indicators of constructive behavior in an interpersonal conflict situation that can be used as the basis of subsequent operationalization and development of appropriate psychodiagnostic tools. In conclusion, the author summarizes the scientific analysis undertaken and gives a complete definition of constructive behavior in an interpersonal conflict.

Natural wax gelators have different compositions of compounds (hydrocarbons, wax esters, free fatty alcohols, and free fatty acids), which results in oleogels with varying properties. To maintain a consistent composition, the individual components can be added to the original wax gelator. The content of hydrocarbons and wax esters greatly affects the structuring process of liquid edible oils with waxes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of modifying the properties of beeswax as a gelling agent by adding hydrocarbons or monoesters to obtain oleogels with specific properties. Various tests were conducted to assess the changes in the oleogel properties, such as color, microstructure, oil-binding capacity, thermal and textural properties. The research results have shown that the addition of the studied fractions has led to a significant change in all properties of oleogels. The initial size of oleogel crystals (7.29 ± 1.80 μm) changed after adding fractions, varying from 5.28 μm to 12.58 μm with hydrocarbons and from 9.95 μm to 30.41 μm with wax esters. The addition of 30%–50% hydrocarbons decreased the ability of the oleogels to bind oil and made them less firm compared to samples with 10%–20% hydrocarbons. Adding 10%–20% monoesters increased the firmness of the oleogels, but this indicator decreased when their content was increased to 50%. The obtained data indicate that hydrocarbons and wax esters can be used for targeted correction of the gelling properties of beeswax.

1,2,4-Triazole-containing compounds are unique heterocyclic compounds present in an array of pharmaceuticals and biologically important compounds used in drug-discovery studies against cancer cells, microbes, and various types of diseases in the human body. The aim of the study was to analyze in detail and combine the available literature materials to study the reactions associated with the formation of different classes of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and to study their physical-chemical properties. Various innovative methods have been proposed and explored for synthesizing different classes of 1,2,4-triazole compounds, each with distinct applications and potential medicinal benefits. When analyzing the outcomes of studies aimed at obtaining new 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones, it’s crucial to recognize the multiple stages involved in their synthesis. These stages typically include the esterification of carboxylic acids, hydrazinolysis, the formation of carbothioamides, and thiones through alkaline cyclization. Subsequently, reactions involving the S-function are conducted, leading to the formation of various classes of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole. The study by a team of scientists introduced a novel method for synthesizing imidazolyl- and imidazole-1,2,4-triazoles, targeting the design of safer analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, researchers have successfully synthesized derivatives of 3-[2-(5-thio-4-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)ethyl]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, N-(3-thio-5-aryl-[1,2,4]triazole-4-yl)acylamides, 5-alkylthio-4-amino-3-(5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-thiomethyl)-1,2,4-triazole and 3-(5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-thiomethyl)-6-aryl-5,6-dihydrogen-1,2,4-triazole-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 5,5’-(alkyldiyl-bis(sulfandiyl))bis(N-(arylidene)-3-thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-amines, 3-(arylsulfonyl)-4-phenyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole, expanding the scope of 1,2,4-triazole-based, compounds with potential pharmacological activities. Furthermore, the synthesis of molecules containing two 1,2,4-triazole and two benzole rings has gained traction, offering new avenues for drug development. Mannich bases were synthesized from the corresponding thiones through a reaction with N-methylpiperazine or N-phenylpiperazine in dimethylformamide in the presence of formaldehyde. Additionally, the synthesis of salts derived from 1,2,4-triazole highlights its importance in pharmaceutical formulations, with studies focusing on both organic and inorganic salts for potential therapeutic applications. Conclusions. The analysis of the above-mentioned publications indicates that the search for new biologically active compounds among derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones is promising. Many 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity with little toxicity.

Objective: to improve the results of treatment of patients with complicated intrahepatic portal hypertension by developing optimal surgical treatment tactics and choosing drug correction aimed at preventing thrombotic venous complications.Materials and methods: 82 patients with clinically significant portal hypertension of cirrhotic origin were examined and treated. The I group consisted of 24 patients who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent bypass surgery, the II group included 58 patients for whom the operation was supplemented with selective embolization of the gastric veins. Methods: clinical and laboratory examination, “Thrombodynamics” test using a “prognostic calculator” (RF patent), surgical, statistical.Results: it was established that 26,8% of patients had a risk of developing venous thrombotic complications: in group I 4/24 (16,6%), in group II — 18/58 (31,0%). Personalized drug correction carried out in the postoperative period led to the absence of risk in 2/22 (9,1%) patients in group I and in 8/53 (15,1%) in group II. The number of deaths in group I was 2/24 (8,33%) and in group II 5/58 (8,62%). Shunt thrombosis was detected in 3/22 (13,63%) patients of group I and in 1/53 (1,88%) patients of group II in the period from 24 to 32 months after surgery. Varicose esophageal-gastric bleeding occurred in 2/22 (9,00%) patients with shunt thrombosis of group I and in 1/53 (1,88%) of group II patients who underwent endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices.Conclusion: a method for predicting the risk of developing thrombotic complications in patients with liver cirrhosis is a convenient tool for risk stratification of patients. An individual approach ensures monitoring of the patient not only before, but also after the operation. Drug correction regimens for identifying high, moderate and low risks of complications made it possible to prevent them. TIPS surgery alone and in combination with selective embolization of gastric veins allows achieving comparable results in observation groups against the background of corrective therapy.

People are constantly exposed to adverse environmental factors that affect their health. If combined with hereditary predisposition, they may lead to gerontological changes that reduce healthy and working life expectancy. Some measures can prevent premature aging, e.g., a balanced diet or biologically active anti-aging substances also called geroprotectors. This article reviews biologically active geroprotectors with a view to select promising components for novel biologically active additives and functional foods. The review covered five years of Russian research articles and patents on biologically active anti-aging agents indexed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY.RU, and the database of the Federal Institute of Industrial Property. The domestic market demonstrates a growing demand for biologically active supplements: in 2023, it increased by 10% in value terms as consumers’ interest in a healthy and long life continues to grow. The review also included quality criteria for biologically active anti-ageing agents, e.g., such plant metabolites as vitamins, polyphenols, antioxidants, adaptogens, peptides, etc. Thymalin, epithalamin, dasatinib, and epithalon are available on the domestic market. The list of potential anti-aging agents includes ethylamine, carnosine, glutathione, ubiquinone, curcumin, rutin, quercetin, resveratrol, senolytics, and sirutins. These biologically active substances prevent oxidative stress, accumulation of lipofuscin, and senescent cells. The most effective anti-aging agents come from Vitis amurensis, Rhodiola rosea, Schisandra chinensis, Galega officinalis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Withania somnifera, and Panax ginseng.

The need to assess the possibilities and prospects of IT in medical education has determined the relevance of the study, the purpose of which was to consider the experience of introducing information technologies into the educational process of medical universities. A total of 322 students and 169 teachers took part in an anonymous online survey. The research design involved two major research units, namely the theoretical and experimental ones, which consisted of several successive stages. The psychological consequences of introducing information technologies into the educational process were studied using valid psychodiagnostic methods. As a result of the study it was found that possible obstacles to the expansion of the use of IT to teach medical students clinical disciplines are inadequate technological infrastructure, lack of adequate curricula, and students' lack of independent work and self-discipline skills. The distance learning experience was generally assessed as positive with an average level of satisfaction. The main positive aspects of introducing information technology and distance learning in medical education are timesaving and flexibility of classes. The limitations of the study were related to the problem of conducting the study in a pandemic environment, so it was conducted online.

The relevance of this research is due to the need to study the possibilities of lifelong learning in modern educational settings. Its central aim was to consider the influence of modern technologies on the level of professionalism of teachers in the process of lifelong learning. For this, a specially developed model aimed at increasing student motivation was introduced, and corresponding pre- and post-surveys were conducted. The results of the experiment showed an increase in the demand for lifelong learning in the modern learning environment and the active use of modern technologies. In the meantime, the outcomes of the repeated survey demonstrated the expansion of the list of motivation factors. Prospects for further research are seen in the possibility of applying the results obtained when analyzing the features of lifelong learning in other countries in the context of the modern education system in a comparative aspect. Apart from this, future studies use the achieved findings to scrutinize the influence of pedagogical innovations on lifelong learning effectiveness.