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31 results on '"Frederic Lechenault"'

1. Curving Origami with Mechanical Frustration

Author

Frederic Lechenault, Théo Jules, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Mécanique, Matière Molle, Morphogénèse, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL

Subjects
Mechanical equilibrium, media_common.quotation_subject, Bent molecular geometry, Shell (structure), Frustration, Bioengineering, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Computer Science::Computational Geometry, 010402 general chemistry, Curvature, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Engineering (miscellaneous), media_common, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Buckling, Mechanics of Materials, 0210 nano-technology, Geodesic curvature
Abstract

We study the three-dimensional equilibrium shape of a shell formed by a deployed accordion-like origami, made from an elastic sheet decorated by a series of parallel creases crossed by a central longitudinal crease. Surprisingly, while the imprinted crease network does not exhibit a geodesic curvature, the emergent structure is characterized by an effective curvature produced by the deformed central fold. Moreover, both finite element analysis and manually made mylar origamis show a robust empirical relation between the imprinted crease network's dimensions and the apparent curvature. A detailed examination of this geometrical relation shows the existence of three typical elastic deformations, which in turn induce three distinct types of morphogenesis. We characterize the corresponding kinematics of crease network deformations and determine their phase diagram. Taking advantage of the frustration caused by the competition between crease stiffness and kinematics of crease network deformations, we provide a novel tool for designing curved origami structures constrained by strong geometrical properties., Comment: Article: 6 pages 6 figures. Supplementary Materials: 4 pages 3 figures. Submitted to Extreme Mechanics Letters

Published
2021
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2. Burst-and-coast swimmers optimize gait by adapting unique intrinsic cycle

Author

Dmitry Kolomenskiy, Bill François, Intesaaf Ashraf, Benjamin Thiria, Ramiro Godoy-Diana, Frederic Lechenault, Gen Li, Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Mécanique, Matière Molle, Morphogénèse, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, QH301-705.5, Phase (waves), Biophysics, Medicine (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, Kinematics, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Bursting, Computational biophysics, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Physics - Biological Physics, 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Biology (General), Swimming, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), Fishes, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Mechanics, Gait, Biomechanical Phenomena, Flume, 030104 developmental biology, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), Environmental science, %22">Fish , General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

This paper addresses the physical mechanism of intermittent swimming by considering the burst-and-coast regime of fish swimming at different speeds. The burst-and-coast regime consists of a cycle with two successive phases, i.e., a phase of active undulation powered by the fish muscles followed by a passive gliding phase. Observations of real fish whose swimming gait is forced in a water flume from low to high speed regimes are performed, using a full description of the fish kinematics and mechanics. We first show that fish modulate a unique intrinsic cycle to sustain the demanded speed by modifying the bursting to coasting ratio while maintaining the duration of the cycle nearly constant. Secondly, we show using numerical simulations that the chosen kinematics by correspond to optimized gaits for swimming speeds larger than 1 body length per second., Li et al. use experimental observations of red-nose tetrafish and mathematical simulations to model the burst-and-coast swimming regime. This study shows that in order to sustain the necessary speed, fish adopt a unique intrinsic cycle by modifying the burst to coast ratio and can implement this pattern at a range of swimming speeds.

Published
2020
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3. Plasticity and Aging of Folded Elastic Sheets

Author

Frederic Lechenault, Théo Jules, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Mécanique, Matière Molle, Morphogénèse, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Rest (physics), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Lever, business.product_category, Materials science, Time evolution, FOS: Physical sciences, Metamaterial, Mechanics, Plasticity, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Relaxation phenomena, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Rheology, 0103 physical sciences, Dissipative system, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We investigate the dissipative mechanisms exhibited by creased material sheets when subjected to mechanical loading, which comes in the form of plasticity and relaxation phenomena within the creases. After demonstrating that plasticity mostly affects the rest angle of the creases, we devise a mapping between this quantity and the macroscopic state of the system that allows us to track its reference configuration along an arbitrary loading path, resulting in a powerful monitoring and design tool for crease-based metamaterials. Furthermore, we show that complex relaxation phenomena, in particular memory effects, can give rise to a non-monotonic response at the crease level, possibly relating to the similar behavior reported for crumpled sheets. We describe our observations through a classical double-logarithmic time evolution and obtain a constitutive behavior compatible with that of the underlying material. Thus the lever effect provided by the crease allows magnified access to the material's rheology., 9 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
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4. Roughness of oxide glass subcritical fracture surfaces

Author

Frederic Lechenault, Matthieu George, Matteo Ciccotti, Cindy L. Rountree, Cédric Ottina, Gaël Pallares, Elisabeth Bouchaud, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS (LPS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Gulliver (UMR 7083), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (UMR 7615) (SIMM), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, Root mean square, Crack closure, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Surface roughness, Forensic engineering, surface, Coupling (piping), Composite material, 010306 general physics, Stress intensity factor, roughness, glass, Fracture mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, fracture, Ceramics and Composites, Fracture (geology), Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract

International audience; An original setup combining a very stable loading stage, an atomic force microscope and an environmental chamber, allows to obtain very stable sub-critical fracture propagation in oxide glasses under controlled environment, and subsequently to finely characterize the nanometric roughness properties of the crack surfaces. The analysis of the surface roughness is conducted both in terms of the classical root mean square roughness to compare with the literature, and in terms of more physically adequate indicators related to the self-affine nature of the fracture surfaces. Due to the comparable nanometric scale of the surface roughness, the AFM tip size and the instrumental noise, a special care is devoted to the statistical evaluation of the metrologic properties. The 2 roughness amplitude of several oxide glasses was shown to decrease as a function of the stress intensity factor, to be quite insensitive to the relative humidity and to increase with the degree of heterogeneity of the glass. The results are discussed in terms of several modeling arguments concerning the coupling between crack propagation, material's heterogeneity, crack tip plastic deformation and water diffusion at the crack tip. A synthetic new model is presented combining the predictions of a model by Wiederhorn et al. [1] on the effect of the material's heterogeneity on the crack tip stresses with the self-affine nature of the fracture surfaces.

Published
2017
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5. Experimental Evidence of Thermal-Like Behavior in Dense Granular Suspensions

Author

Nariaki Sakaï, Frederic Lechenault, Sébastien Moulinet, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanique, Matière Molle, Morphogénèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)

Subjects
Phase transition, Equation of state, Mechanical equilibrium, Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Atomic packing factor, Curvature, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Suspensions, law, 0103 physical sciences, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Granular fluids, 010306 general physics, Range (particle radiation), Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, Polymers & Soft Matter, Statistical Physics, Equations of state, Mechanics, Fluid-particle interactions, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Nonlinear system, Nonlinear Dynamics, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Granular mixing, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Stationary state
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally investigate the statistical behavior of a model two-dimensional granular system undergoing stationary sedimentation. Buoyant cylindrical particles are rotated in a liquid-filled drum, thus confined in a harmonic centripetal potential with tunable curvature, which competes with gravity to produce various stationary states: though heterogeneous, the packing fraction of the system can be tuned from fully dispersed to crystallized as the rotation rate is increased. We show that this dynamical system is in mechanical equilibrium in the confining potential and exhibits a thermal-like behavior, where the granular pressure and the packing fraction are related through an equation of state. We obtain an expression of the equation of state allowing us to probe the nature of the hydrodynamic interactions between the particles. This description is valid in the whole range of the physical parameters we investigated and reveals a buoyant energy scale that we interpret as an effective temperature. We finally discuss the behavior of our system at high packing fractions and the relevance of the equation of state to the liquid-solid phase transition.

Published
2019
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6. Local Mechanical Description of an Elastic Fold

Author

Théo Jules, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, Frederic Lechenault, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanique, Matière Molle, Morphogénèse, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jules, Théo, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Materials science, Hinge, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the solides [physics.class-ph], 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Ultimate tensile strength, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS]Physics [physics], General Chemistry, Fold (geology), Thin sheet, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), [PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], 0210 nano-technology, Reference configuration
Abstract

To go beyond the simple model for the fold as two flexible surfaces or faces linked by a crease that behaves as an elastic hinge, we carefully shape and anneal a crease within a polymer sheet and study its mechanical response. First, we carry out an experimental study that consists on recording both the shape of the fold in various loading configurations and the associated force needed to deform it. Then, an elastic model of the fold is built upon a continuous description of both the faces and the crease as a thin sheet with a non flat reference configuration. The comparison between the model and experiments yields the local fold properties and explains the significant differences we observe between tensile and compression regimes. Furthermore, an asymptotic study of the fold deformation enables us to determine the local shape of the crease and identify the origin of its mechanical behaviour., Comment: Article, 8 pages, 9 figures

Published
2019
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7. Crackling Dynamics in the Mechanical Response of Knitted Fabrics

Author

Frederic Lechenault, Samuel Poincloux, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS (LPS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Yield (engineering), Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, Metamaterial, 02 engineering and technology, Yarn, Mechanics, Thread (computing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Universality (dynamical systems), Amorphous solid, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Elasticity (economics), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Crackling noise, which occurs in a wide range of situations, is characterized by discrete events of various sizes, often correlated in the form of avalanches. We report experimental evidence that the mechanical response of a knitted fabric displays such broadly distributed events both in the force signal and in the deformation field, with statistics analogous to that of earthquakes or soft amorphous materials. A knit consists of a regular network of frictional contacts, linked by the elasticity of the yarn. When deformed, the fabric displays spatially extended avalanchelike yielding events resulting from collective interyarn contact slips. We measure the size distribution of these avalanches, at the stitch level from the analysis of nonelastic displacement fields and externally from force fluctuations. The two measurements yield consistent power law distributions reminiscent of those found in other avalanching systems. Our study shows that a knitted fabric is not only a thread-based metamaterial with highly sought after mechanical properties, but also an original, model system, with topologically protected structural order, where an intermittent, scale-invariant response emerges from minimal ingredients, and thus a significant landmark in the study of out-of-equilibrium universality.

Published
2018
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8. Geometry and elasticity of a knitted fabric

Author

Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, Frederic Lechenault, Samuel Poincloux, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS (LPS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Computer science, Physics, QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, Mechanical engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Thread (computing), Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Smart material, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Displacement field, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Elasticity (economics), Tensile response, 0210 nano-technology, Weaving
Abstract

Knitting is not only a mere art and craft hobby but also a thousand year old technology. Unlike weaving, it can produce loose yet extremely stretchable fabrics with almost vanishing rigidity, a desirable property exhibited by hardly any bulk material. It also enables the engineering of arbitrarily shaped two and three-dimensional objects with tunable mechanical response. In contrast with the extensive body of related empirical knowledge and despite a growing industrial interest, the physical ingredients underlying these intriguing mechanical properties remain poorly understood. To make some progress in this direction, we study a model tricot made of a single elastic thread knitted into the common pattern called \textit{stockinette}. On the one hand, we experimentally investigate its tensile response and measure local displacements of the stitches during deformation. On the other hand, we derive a first-principle mechanical model for the displacement field based on the yarn bending energy, the conservation of its total length and the topological constraints on the constitutive stitches. Our model solves both the shape and mechanical response of the knit and agrees quantitatively with our measurements. This study thus provides a fundamental framework for the understanding of knitted fabrics, paving the way to thread-based smart materials., Article: 15 pages, 10 figures

Published
2018
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9. When the dynamical writing of coupled memories with reinforcement learning meets physical bounds

Author

Théo Jules, Laura Michel, Adèle Douin, and Frédéric Lechenault

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Manipulating binary digits of information (bits) is a prerequisite for reliable memory utilization. The authors present a dynamical framework in which a reinforcement learning agent harnesses the physics of simple multi-bit mechanical models to restore their memory, suggesting new optimal system designs.

Published
2023
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10. Geometry and design of origami bellows with tunable response

Author

A. Reid, Sergio Rica, Frederic Lechenault, and Mokhtar Adda-Bedia

Subjects
Physics, Bistability, Hinge, FOS: Physical sciences, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Bellows, 0103 physical sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Cylinder, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Analytic solution
Abstract

Origami folded cylinders (origami bellows) have found increasingly sophisticated applications in space flight and medicine. In spite of this interest, a general understanding of the mechanics of an origami folded cylinder has been elusive. With a newly developed set of geometrical tools, we have found an analytic solution for all possible cylindrical rigid-face states of both Miura-ori and triangular tessellations. Although an idealized bellows in both of these families may have two allowed rigid-face configurations over a well-defined region, the corresponding physical device, limited by nonzero material thickness and forced to balance hinge and plate-bending energy, often cannot stably maintain a stowed configuration. We have identified the parameters that control this emergent bistability, and have demonstrated the ability to design and fabricate bellows with tunable deployability., 21 pages, 12 figures

Published
2016

11. Inverse leidenfrost effect: Levitating drops on liquid nitrogen

Author

Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, Sébastien Moulinet, Dominic Vella, Frederic Lechenault, Satish Kumar, M. Schillaci, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS (LPS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathematical Institute [Oxford] (MI), and University of Oxford

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Drop (liquid), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, Mechanics, Tungsten, Liquid nitrogen, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Leidenfrost effect, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Heat transfer, Spinning drop method, Electrochemistry, Levitation, General Materials Science, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract

We explore the interaction between a liquid drop (initially at room temperature) and a bath of liquid nitrogen. In this scenario, heat transfer occurs through film-boiling: nitrogen vapour layer develops that may cause the drop to levitate at the bath surface. We report the phenomenology of this inverse Leidenfrost effect, investigating the effect of the drop size and density by using an aqueous solution of a tungsten salt to vary the drop density. We find that (depending on its size and density) a drop either levitates or instantaneously sinks into the bulk nitrogen. We begin by measuring the duration of the levitation as a function of the radius R and density pd of the liquid drop. We find that the levitation time increases roughly linearly with drop radius but depends weakly on the drop density. However, for sufficiently large drops, R ≥ Rc(pd), the drop sinks instantaneously; levitation does not occur. This sinking of a (relatively) hot droplet induces film-boiling, releasing a stream of vapour bubbles for a well-defined length of time. We study the duration of this immersed-drop bubbling finding similar scalings (but with different prefactors) to the levitating drop case. With these observations, we study the physical factors limiting the levitation and immersed-film-boiling times, proposing a simple model that explains the scalings observed for the duration of these phenomena, as well as the boundary of (R, pd) parameter space that separates them.

Published
2016
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12. Generic Bistability in Creased Conical Surfaces

Author

Frederic Lechenault and Mokhtar Adda-Bedia

Subjects
Rigidity (electromagnetism), Bistability, Computer science, 0103 physical sciences, Scalability, General Physics and Astronomy, Metamaterial, Conical surface, Kinematics, 010306 general physics, Topology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

The emerging field of mechanical metamaterials has sought inspiration in the ancient art of origami as archetypal deployable structures that carry geometric rigidity, exhibit exotic material properties, and are potentially scalable. A promising venue to introduce functionality consists in coupling the elasticity of the sheet and the kinematics of the folds. In this spirit, we introduce a scale-free, analytical description of a very general class of snap-through, bistable patterns of creases naturally occurring at the vertices of real origami that can be used as building blocks to program and actuate the overall shape of the decorated sheet. These switches appear at the simplest possible level of creasing and admit straightforward experimental realizations.

Published
2015

13. Elastic theory of origami-based metamaterials

Author

V. Brunck, A. Reid, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, and Frederic Lechenault

Subjects
Physics, Phase transition, Bistability, Computation, media_common.quotation_subject, Elastic energy, Frustration, Metamaterial, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Computer Science::Computational Geometry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Vertex (geometry), 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Classical mechanics, 0203 mechanical engineering, Covariant transformation, 0210 nano-technology, media_common
Abstract

Origami offers the possibility for new metamaterials whose overall mechanical properties can be programed by acting locally on each crease. Starting from a thin plate and having knowledge about the properties of the material and the folding procedure, one would like to determine the shape taken by the structure at rest and its mechanical response. In this article, we introduce a vector deformation field acting on the imprinted network of creases that allows us to express the geometrical constraints of rigid origami structures in a simple and systematic way. This formalism is then used to write a general covariant expression of the elastic energy of n-creases meeting at a single vertex. Computations of the equilibrium states are then carried out explicitly in two special cases: the generalized waterbomb base and the Miura-Ori. For the waterbomb, we show a generic bistability for any number of creases. For the Miura folding, however, we uncover a phase transition from monostable to bistable states that explains the efficient deployability of this structure for a given range of geometrical and mechanical parameters. Moreover, the analysis shows that geometric frustration induces residual stresses in origami structures that should be taken into account in determining their mechanical response. This formalism can be extended to a general crease network, ordered or otherwise, and so opens new perspectives for the mechanics and the physics of origami-based metamaterials.

Published
2015

14. Mechanical Response of a Creased Sheet

Author

Benjamin Thiria, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, and Frederic Lechenault

Subjects
Length scale, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials science, Characteristic length, Deformation (mechanics), Scale (ratio), Hinge, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Thin sheet, Bending, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, ams.org, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Composite material
Abstract

We investigate the mechanics of thin sheets decorated by non-interacting creases. The system considered here consists in parallel folds connected by elastic panels. We show that the mechanical response of the creased structure is twofold, depending both on the bending deformation of the panels and the hinge-like intrinsic response of the crease. We show that a characteristic length scale, defined by the ratio of bending to hinge energies, governs whether the structure's response consists in angle opening or panel bending when a small load is applied. The existence of this length scale is a building block for future works on origami mechanics, Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters

Published
2014
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15. Roughness of Silica Glass Sub-Critical Fracture Surfaces

Author

Elisabeth Bouchaud, Frederic Lechenault, Matthieu George, Matteo Ciccotti, Gaël Pallares, and Cindy L. Rountree

Subjects
Root mean square, Materials science, Silica glass, Fracture (geology), Sub critical, Surface finish, Composite material, Stress intensity factor
Published
2012
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16. Trajectory entanglement in dense granular materials

Author

Jean-Luc Thiffeault, Karen E. Daniels, Frederic Lechenault, and James G. Puckett

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Jamming, Quantum entanglement, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Granular material, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Sphere packing, 0103 physical sciences, Braid, Entropy (information theory), Ergodic theory, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Statistical physics, Boundary value problem, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The particle-scale dynamics of granular materials have commonly been characterized by the self-diffusion coefficient $D$. However, this measure discards the collective and topological information known to be an important characteristic of particle trajectories in dense systems. Direct measurement of the entanglement of particle space-time trajectories can be obtained via the topological braid entropy $\Sbraid$, which has previously been used to quantify mixing efficiency in fluid systems. Here, we investigate the utility of $\Sbraid$ in characterizing the dynamics of a dense, driven granular material at packing densities near the static jamming point $\phi_J$. From particle trajectories measured within a two-dimensional granular material, we typically observe that $\Sbraid$ is well-defined and extensive. However, for systems where $\phi \gtrsim 0.79$, we find that $\Sbraid$ (like $D$) is not well-defined, signifying that these systems are not ergodic on the experimental timescale. Both $\Sbraid$ and $D$ decrease with either increasing packing density or confining pressure, independent of the applied boundary condition. The related braiding factor provides a means to identify multi-particle phenomena such as collective rearrangements. We discuss possible uses for this measure in characterizing granular systems.

Published
2012
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17. Evidence of deep water penetration in silica during stress corrosion fracture

Author

Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, Laurent Ponson, Cindy L. Rountree, Frederic Lechenault, E. Bouchaud, Fabrice Cousin, Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)

Subjects
Heavy water, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials science, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), Penetration (firestop), Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Reflectivity, Corrosion, Deep water, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Neutron, Neutron reflectometry, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Composite material, Penetration depth
Abstract

We measure the thickness of the heavy water layer trapped under the stress corrosion fracture surface of silica using neutron reflectivity experiments. We show that the penetration depth is 65-85 \aa ngstr\"{o}ms, suggesting the presence of a damaged zone of $\approx$ 100 \aa ngstr\"{o}ms extending ahead of the crack tip during its propagation. This estimate of the size of the damaged zone is compatible with other recent results., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2010
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18. Generating ensembles of two-dimensional granular configurations

Author

Frederic Lechenault, Karen E. Daniels, and James G. Puckett

Subjects
Materials science, Models, Statistical, Applied Mathematics, General Physics and Astronomy, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Granular material, User-Computer Interface, Nonlinear Dynamics, Chemical physics, Oscillometry, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Diffusion (business), Glass transition, Porous medium, Rheology, Mathematical Physics, Algorithms
Published
2010

19. Super-diffusion around the rigidity transition: Levy and the Lilliputians

Author

Olivier Dauchot, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, Frederic Lechenault, Raphaël Candelier, Giulio Biroli, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Crossover, FOS: Physical sciences, Jamming, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Vibration, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Lévy flight, Molecular vibration, 0103 physical sciences, Volume fraction, Jump, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Statistical physics, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

By analyzing the displacement statistics of an assembly of horizontally vibrated bidisperse frictional grains in the vicinity of the jamming transition experimentally studied before, we establish that their superdiffusive motion is a genuine Levy flight, but with `jump' size very small compared to the diameter of the grains. The vibration induces a broad distribution of jumps that are random in time, but correlated in space, and that can be interpreted as micro-crack events at all scales. As the volume fraction departs from the critical jamming density, this distribution is truncated at a smaller and smaller jump size, inducing a crossover towards standard diffusive motion at long times. This interpretation contrasts with the idea of temporally persistent, spatially correlated currents and raises new issues regarding the analysis of the dynamics in terms of vibrational modes., 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2010
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20. Universal shapes formed by two interacting cracks

Author

Melissa Fender, Frederic Lechenault, and Karen E. Daniels

Subjects
Length scale, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Offset (computer science), Materials science, Aspect ratio, Scale (ratio), business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS), 01 natural sciences, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Optics, 0203 mechanical engineering, Square root, 0103 physical sciences, Fracture (geology), 010306 general physics, business, Geometric modeling, Quasistatic process
Abstract

We investigate the origins of the widely observed "en passant" crack pattern, which forms through interactions between two approaching cracks. A rectangular elastic plate is notched on each long side and then subjected to quasistatic uniaxial strain from the short side. The two cracks propagate along approximately straight paths until they pass each other, after which they curve and release a lenticular fragment. We find that, for materials with diverse mechanical properties, the shape of this fragment has an aspect ratio of 2:1, with the length scale set by the initial crack offset s and the time scale set by the ratio of s to the pulling velocity. The cracks have a universal square root shape, which we understand by using a simple geometric model of the crack-crack interaction.

Published
2010
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21. Local origins of volume fraction fluctuations in dense granular materials

Author

Karen E. Daniels, James G. Puckett, and Frederic Lechenault

Subjects
Length scale, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), FOS: Physical sciences, Arbitrary distribution, Geometry, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Granular material, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Constant pressure, 0103 physical sciences, Volume fraction, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Mathematical physics, Mathematics
Abstract

Fluctuations of the local volume fraction within granular materials have previously been observed to decrease as the system approaches jamming. We experimentally examine the role of boundary conditions and interparticle friction $\ensuremath{\mu}$ on this relationship for a dense granular material of bidisperse particles driven under either constant volume or constant pressure. Using a radical Vorono\"{\i} tessellation, we find the variance of the local volume fraction $\ensuremath{\phi}$ monotonically decreases as the system becomes more dense, independent of boundary condition and $\ensuremath{\mu}$. We examine the universality and origins of this trend using experiments and the recent granocentric model [M. Clusel, E. I. Corwin, A. O. N. Siemens, and J. Bruji\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, Nature (London) 460, 611 (2009); E. I. Corwin, M. Clusel, A. O. N. Siemens, and J. Bruji\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, Soft Matter 6, 2949 (2010)], modified to draw particle locations from an arbitrary distribution $\mathcal{P}(s)$ of neighbor distances $s$. The mean and variance of the observed $\mathcal{P}(s)$ are described by a single length scale controlled by $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\phi}\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$. Through the granocentric model, we observe that diverse functional forms of $\mathcal{P}(s)$ all produce the trend of decreasing fluctuations, but only the experimentally observed $\mathcal{P}(s)$ provides quantitative agreement with the measured $\ensuremath{\phi}$ fluctuations. Thus, we find that both $\mathcal{P}(s)$ and $\mathcal{P}(\ensuremath{\phi})$ encode similar information about the ensemble of observed packings and are connected to each other by the local granocentric model.

Published
2010
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22. Effects of finite probe size on self-affine roughness measurements

Author

Cindy L. Rountree, Gaël Pallares, Matteo Ciccotti, Frederic Lechenault, Elisabeth Bouchaud, Matthieu George, Laboratoire des colloïdes, verres et nanomatériaux (LCVN), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique et de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces (SPCSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Length scale, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, Scaling, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, CRACK-PROPAGATION, ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY, Physics, Hurst exponent, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), business.industry, Fracture mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Metrology, Universality (dynamical systems), FRACTURE SURFACES, SCALING PROPERTIES, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Affine transformation, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The roughness of fracture surfaces has been shown to exhibit self-affne scale invariance for a wide variety of materials and loading conditions. The range of scales over which this regime extends remains a matter of debate, together with the universality of the associated exponents. The topography of these surfaces is however often investigated with a contact probe that is larger than the micro-structure. In this case, we show that the correlation function of the roughness and the corresponding Hurst exponent $\zeta$ can only be measured down to a length scale $\Delta xc$ which depends on the probe size $R$, on $\zeta$ and on the surface topothesy $l$, and exhibit spurious behavior at smaller scales. First, we derive the dependence of $\Delta xc$ on these parameters from a simple scaling argument. Then we study this dependence numerically and verify our theoretical prediction. Finally, we establish the relevance of this analysis from AFM measurements on an experimental glass fracture surface and provide a metrological procedure for roughness measurements., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL

Published
2009
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23. Lower bound on the four-point dynamical susceptibility: Direct experimental test on a granular packing

Author

Olivier Dauchot, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, Giulio Biroli, Frederic Lechenault, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique Théorique (SPhT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science and Finance, CFM, and Sciences and Finances, CFM

Subjects
Physics, Anomalous diffusion, Dynamics (mechanics), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Jamming, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Upper and lower bounds, Connection (mathematics), Amorphous solid, 0103 physical sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Statistical physics, Dynamical heterogeneity, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Scaling, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract

We track the motion of a horizontally vibrated amorphous assembly of bidisperse hard disks, for densities ranging across the jamming transition. We derive on very general grounds a bound on the dynamical susceptibility in terms of the response of the dynamics to a change in density. This generalizes a similar bound recently derived for equilibrium liquids. We find that in our experimental system the bound is tight and reproduces the non-monotonic behavior of the dynamical susceptibility both in time and density across the jamming transition. The underlying scaling behavior reveals an intimate connection between anomalous diffusion and dynamical heterogeneity., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2007

24. 'Barchan' dunes in the lab

Author

Olivier Dauchot, Cécile Gasquet, Frederic Lechenault, François Daviaud, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Marketing, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Strategy and Management, Condensed Matter (cond-mat), FOS: Physical sciences, Geometry, Condensed Matter, Function (mathematics), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Wind flow, Barchan, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Media Technology, General Materials Science, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Invariant (mathematics), Laboratory experiment, Pile, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We demonstrate the feasibility of studying dunes in a laboratory experiment. It is shown that an initial sand pile, under a wind flow carrying sand, flattens and gets a shape recalling barchan dunes. An evolution law is proposed for the profile and the summit of the dune. The dune dynamics is shown to be shape invariant. The invariant shape, the ``dune function'' is isolated., Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures

Published
2003
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25. Design Architecture of a Data Driven Environment for Multiphysics Applications

Author

Michel Lesoinne, John G. Michopoulos, John R. Rice, Charbel Farhat, Panagiota Tsompanopoulou, Elias N. Houstis, and Frederic Lechenault

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Multiphysics, Control engineering, Context (language use), computer.software_genre, Data-driven, Modeling and simulation, Design objective, Multidisciplinary approach, Middleware (distributed applications), Systems engineering, Architecture, business, computer
Abstract

The design architecture of a multidisciplinary problem-solving environment (MPSE) for supporting an efficient prediction capability for the response of continuous interacting systems under multiphysics conditions is presented. The system will be referred to as a Data Driven Environment for Multiphysics Applications (DDEMA) and will be primarily differentiated from previous MPSE efforts on its usage of data for improved confidence of simulation prediction. Its architecture takes into consideration information technologies, coupled multiphysics sciences, and data-driven practices to achieve steering of adaptive modeling and simulation of the underlying systemic behavior. Special emphasis is given on middleware implementation issues based on actor-agent abstractions. A description of the design objectives and architectural variations of DDEMA are also given in the context of two multidisciplinary applications related to material/structure design of supersonic platforms and fire/material/environment interaction monitoring, assessment and management. Validation of the architecture will also be attempted in terms of the same two applications.Copyright © 2003 by ASME

Published
2003
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26. DDEMA: A Data Driven Environment for Multiphysics Applications

Author

Michel Lesoinne, John R. Rice, Frederic Lechenault, Charbel Farhat, John G. Michopoulos, Elias N. Houstis, and Panagiota Tsompanopoulou

Subjects
Computer science, Java Native Interface, business.industry, Multiphysics, Problem solving environment, Systems engineering, Information technology, Context (language use), business, Software architecture, Computational science, Data-driven
Abstract

In this paper we present the design of a multidisciplined problem solving environment (MPSE) for supporting an efficient prediction capability for the response of multiscale interdisciplinary continuous interacting systems. This design takes into consideration information technologies, coupled multiphysics sciences, and data-driveness to steer adaptive modelling and simulation of the underlying systemic behavior. The paper describes the design objectives and software architecture of DDEMA in the context of two multidisciplinary applications related to material/structure design of supersonic platforms and fire/material/environment interaction monitoring, assessment and management.

Published
2003
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27. Burst-and-coast swimmers optimize gait by adapting unique intrinsic cycle

Author

Gen Li, Intesaaf Ashraf, Bill François, Dmitry Kolomenskiy, Frédéric Lechenault, Ramiro Godoy-Diana, and Benjamin Thiria

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Li et al. use experimental observations of red-nose tetrafish and mathematical simulations to model the burst-and-coast swimming regime. This study shows that in order to sustain the necessary speed, fish adopt a unique intrinsic cycle by modifying the burst to coast ratio and can implement this pattern at a range of swimming speeds.

Published
2021
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28. Equilibration of granular subsystems

Author

Frederic Lechenault and Karen E. Daniels

Subjects
Equation of state, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Jamming, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic packing factor, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Volume (thermodynamics), Orders of magnitude (time), Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Statistical physics, Material properties, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

We experimentally investigate the steady states of two granular assemblies differing in their material properties and allowed to exchange volume with each other under external agitation in the vicinity of their jamming transition. We extract the statistics of various static and dynamic quantities, and uncover a materials-independent relationship between the average packing fraction and its fluctuations. This relationship defines an intensive parameter which decouples from the volume statistics, and remarkably takes the same value in both subsystems. We also observe that an effective diffusion coefficient also takes the same value in each subsystem, even as the structural relaxation time increases over several orders of magnitude. These observations provide strong constraints on the eventual establishment of a granular equation of state.

Published
2010
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29. Delicate memory structure of origami switches

Author

Théo Jules, Austin Reid, Karen E. Daniels, Muhittin Mungan, and Frédéric Lechenault

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

While memory effects emerge from systems of wildly varying lengthscales and timescales, the reduction of a complex system with many interacting elements into one simple enough to be understood without also losing the complex behavior continues to be a challenge. Here, we investigate how bistable cylindrical origamis provide such a reduction via tunably interactive memory behaviors. We base our investigation on folded sheets of Kresling patterns that function as two-state memory units. By linking several units, each with a selected activation energy, we construct a one-dimensional material that exhibits return-point memory. After a comprehensive experimental analysis of the relation between the geometry of the pattern and the mechanical response for a single bit, we study the memory of a bellows composed of four bits arranged in series. Since these bits are decoupled, the system reduces to the Preisach model, and we can drive the bellows to any of its 16 allowable states by following a prescribed sequence of compression and extension. We show how to reasonably discriminate between states by measuring the system's total height and stiffness near equilibrium. Furthermore, we establish the existence of geometrically disallowed defective stable configurations that expand the configuration space to 64 states with a more complex transition pattern. Using empirical considerations of the mechanics, we analyze the hierarchical structure of the corresponding diagram, which includes Garden of Eden states and subgraphs. We highlight two irreversible transformations, namely shifting and erasure of defects, leading to memory behaviors reminiscent of those observed with more complex glassy systems.

Published
2022
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30. Geometry and Elasticity of a Knitted Fabric

Author

Samuel Poincloux, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, and Frédéric Lechenault

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Knitting is not only a mere art and craft hobby but also a thousand-year-old technology. Unlike weaving, it can produce loose yet extremely stretchable fabrics with almost vanishing rigidity, a desirable property exhibited by hardly any bulk material. It also enables the engineering of arbitrarily shaped two- and three-dimensional objects with tunable mechanical response. In contrast with the extensive body of related empirical knowledge and despite a growing industrial interest, the physical ingredients underlying these intriguing mechanical properties remain poorly understood. To make some progress in this direction, we study a model tricot made of a single elastic thread knitted into a common pattern called stockinette. On the one hand, we experimentally investigate its tensile response and measure local displacements of the stitches during deformation. On the other hand, we derive a first-principle mechanical model for the displacement field based on the yarn-bending energy, the conservation of its total length, and the topological constraints on the constitutive stitches. Our model solves both the shape and mechanical response of the knit and agrees quantitatively with our measurements. This study thus provides a fundamental framework for the understanding of knitted fabrics, paving the way to thread-based smart materials.

Published
2018
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31. Asymmetric adhesion of rod-shaped bacteria controls microcolony morphogenesis

Author

Vincent Croquette, Marie-Cecilia Duvernoy, Catherine Quilliet, Martial Balland, Nicolas Desprat, Maxime Ardre, Sigolene Lecuyer, Christophe Beloin, David Bensimon, Jean-Marc Ghigo, Thierry Mora, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS (LPS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), This work was supported by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche ANR-12-JSV5-0007-01 (to M.B.), ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID (to C.B. and J.-M.G.), and ANR-11-JSV5-005-01 (to N.D.) and by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale grant Equipe FRM DEQ20140329508 (to C.B. and J.-M.G.)., We thank Paul Rainey, Roberto Kolter, Oskar Hallatscheck, and Jean-Baptiste Boulé for their comments on the manuscript. We thank Irene Wang for her help with force microscopy calculations. We thank Michael Elowitz for Schnitzcell. We thank José Quintas Da-Silva and Carlos Gonzales for design and construction of the mechanical parts. We thank Mathieu Coppey, Manuel Thery, Frederic Lechenault, and Sebastien Moulinet for stimulating discussions, ANR-12-JSV5-0007,DOCM,Etude des aspects dynamiques de la mecanotransduction cellulaire(2012), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-11-JSV5-0005,COOPIRON,Aspects coopératifs de la régulation des sidérophores(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Etude des aspects dynamiques de la mecanotransduction cellulaire - - DOCM2012 - ANR-12-JSV5-0007 - JC - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Aspects coopératifs de la régulation des sidérophores - - COOPIRON2011 - ANR-11-JSV5-0005 - JCJC - VALID, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cell division, Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], education, Morphogenesis, Cellular level, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Time-Lapse Imaging, Bacterial Adhesion, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Cell Wall, Escherichia coli, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], 030306 microbiology, Biofilm, Adhesion, Substrate (biology), biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Cell biology, Biofilms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lcsh:Q, Stress, Mechanical, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Bacteria
Abstract

Surface colonization underpins microbial ecology on terrestrial environments. Although factors that mediate bacteria–substrate adhesion have been extensively studied, their spatiotemporal dynamics during the establishment of microcolonies remains largely unexplored. Here, we use laser ablation and force microscopy to monitor single-cell adhesion during the course of microcolony formation. We find that adhesion forces of the rod-shaped bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are polar. This asymmetry induces mechanical tension, and drives daughter cell rearrangements, which eventually determine the shape of the microcolonies. Informed by experimental data, we develop a quantitative model of microcolony morphogenesis that enables the prediction of bacterial adhesion strength from simple time-lapse measurements. Our results demonstrate how patterns of surface colonization derive from the spatial distribution of adhesive factors on the cell envelope., It is unclear how cell adhesion and elongation coordinate during formation of bacterial microcolonies. Here, Duvernoy et al. monitor microcolony formation in rod-shaped bacteria, and show that patterns of surface colonization derive from the spatial distribution of adhesive factors on the cell envelope.

Published
2018
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