9 results on '"Frank P. Schubert"'
Search Results
2. The Neuronal Circuit of the Dorsal Circadian Clock Neurons in Drosophila melanogaster
- Author
-
Nils Reinhard, Frank K. Schubert, Enrico Bertolini, Nicolas Hagedorn, Giulia Manoli, Manabu Sekiguchi, Taishi Yoshii, Dirk Rieger, and Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
- Subjects
circadian clock ,Drosophila melanogaster ,dorsal clock neurons ,trans-tango ,flybow ,neuroanatomy ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Drosophila’s dorsal clock neurons (DNs) consist of four clusters (DN1as, DN1ps, DN2s, and DN3s) that largely differ in size. While the DN1as and the DN2s encompass only two neurons, the DN1ps consist of ∼15 neurons, and the DN3s comprise ∼40 neurons per brain hemisphere. In comparison to the well-characterized lateral clock neurons (LNs), the neuroanatomy and function of the DNs are still not clear. Over the past decade, numerous studies have addressed their role in the fly’s circadian system, leading to several sometimes divergent results. Nonetheless, these studies agreed that the DNs are important to fine-tune activity under light and temperature cycles and play essential roles in linking the output from the LNs to downstream neurons that control sleep and metabolism. Here, we used the Flybow system, specific split-GAL4 lines, trans-Tango, and the recently published fly connectome (called hemibrain) to describe the morphology of the DNs in greater detail, including their synaptic connections to other clock and non-clock neurons. We show that some DN groups are largely heterogenous. While certain DNs are strongly connected with the LNs, others are mainly output neurons that signal to circuits downstream of the clock. Among the latter are mushroom body neurons, central complex neurons, tubercle bulb neurons, neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis, and other still unidentified partners. This heterogeneity of the DNs may explain some of the conflicting results previously found about their functionality. Most importantly, we identify two putative novel communication centers of the clock network: one fiber bundle in the superior lateral protocerebrum running toward the anterior optic tubercle and one fiber hub in the posterior lateral protocerebrum. Both are invaded by several DNs and LNs and might play an instrumental role in the clock network.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Functional Clock Within the Main Morning and Evening Neurons of D. melanogaster Is Not Sufficient for Wild-Type Locomotor Activity Under Changing Day Length
- Author
-
Pamela Menegazzi, Katharina Beer, Verena Grebler, Matthias Schlichting, Frank K. Schubert, and Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
- Subjects
entrainment (light) ,two-oscillator model ,photoperiod alterations ,drosophila melanogaster meigen ,clock neurons ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
A major challenge for all organisms that live in temperate and subpolar regions is to adapt physiology and activity to different photoperiods. A long-standing model assumes that there are morning (M) and evening (E) oscillators with different photoreceptive properties that couple to dawn and dusk, respectively, and by this way adjust activity to the different photoperiods. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, M and E oscillators have been localized to specific circadian clock neurons in the brain. Here, we investigate under different photoperiods the activity pattern of flies expressing the clock protein PERIOD (PER) only in subsets of M and E oscillators. We found that all fly lines that expressed PER only in subsets of the clock neurons had difficulties to track the morning and evening in a wild-type manner. The lack of the E oscillators advanced M activity under short days, whereas the lack of the M oscillators delayed E activity under the same conditions. In addition, we found that flies expressing PER only in subsets of clock neurons showed higher activity levels at certain times of day or night, suggesting that M and E clock neurons might inhibit activity at specific moments throughout the 24 h. Altogether, we show that the proper interaction between all clock cells is important for adapting the flies’ activity to different photoperiods and discuss our findings in the light of the current literature.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Sleep-disordered Breathing in Pregnancy and after Delivery: Associations with Cardiometabolic Health
- Author
-
Francesca L. Facco, Susan Redline, Shannon M. Hunter, Phyllis C. Zee, William A. Grobman, Robert M. Silver, Judette M. Louis, Grace W. Pien, Brian Mercer, Judith H. Chung, C. Noel Bairey Merz, David M. Haas, Chia-Ling Nhan-Chang, Hyagriv N. Simhan, Frank P. Schubert, Samuel Parry, Uma Reddy, George R. Saade, Matthew K. Hoffman, Lisa D. Levine, Ronald J. Wapner, Janet M. Catov, and Corette B. Parker
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,hypertension ,Polysomnography ,Respiratory System ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Cardiovascular ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Medical and Health Sciences ,sleep disordered breathing ,Sleep Apnea Syndromes ,Clinical Research ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,postpartum ,Lung ,Prevention ,sleep-disordered breathing ,Original Articles ,Oxygen ,Good Health and Well Being ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Sleep Research ,cardiometabolic health - Abstract
Rationale: Knowledge gaps exist regarding health implications of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) identified in pregnancy and/or after delivery. Objectives: To determine whether SDB in pregnancy and/or after delivery is associated with hypertension (HTN) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: nuMoM2b-HHS (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be Heart Health Study) (N = 4,508) followed participants initially recruited during their first pregnancy. Participants returned for a visit 2-7 years after pregnancy. This study examined a subgroup who underwent SDB assessments during their first pregnancy (n = 1,964) and a repeat SDB assessment after delivery (n = 1,222). Two SDB definitions were considered: 1) apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ⩾ 5 and 2)oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ⩾ 5. Associations between SDB and incident HTN and MS were evaluated with adjusted risk ratios (aRRs). Measurements and Main Results: The aRR for MS given an AHI ⩾ 5 during pregnancy was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.93), but no association with HTN was found. ODI ⩾ 5 in pregnancy was associated with both an increased risk for HTN (aRR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30-3.14) and MS (aRR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19-1.97). Participants with an AHI ⩾ 5 in pregnancy that persisted after delivery were at higher risk for both HTN (aRR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.84-7.73) and MS (aRR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.59-3.76). Similar associations were observed for persistent ODI ⩾ 5 after delivery. Conclusions: An AHI ⩾ 5 in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of MS. An ODI ⩾ 5 in pregnancy was significantly associated with both HTN and MS. Participants with persistent elevations in AHI and ODI during pregnancy and at 2-7 years after delivery were at the highest risk for HTN and MS. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02231398).
- Published
- 2022
5. Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy
- Author
-
Daniel Mobley, Phyllis C. Zee, Corette B. Parker, George R. Saade, Robert C. Basner, Francesca L. Facco, Judette Louis, Frank P. Schubert, Robert M. Silver, David M. Haas, William A. Grobman, Grace W. Pien, Brian M. Mercer, Benjamin Carper, Samuel Parry, Uma M. Reddy, Matthew A. Koch, Chia Ling Nhan-Chang, Deborah A. Wing, Susan Redline, Judith H. Chung, and Hyagriv N. Simhan
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,Excessive daytime sleepiness ,Blood Pressure ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Logistic regression ,Body Mass Index ,Shift work ,0302 clinical medicine ,030202 anesthesiology ,Risk Factors ,Pregnancy ,Prevalence ,Lung ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,home sleep test ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Mental Health ,Hypertension ,Breathing ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Sleep Research ,Maternal Age ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Polysomnography ,Article ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Sleep Apnea Syndromes ,Clinical Research ,mental disorders ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine ,business.industry ,Snoring ,sleep-disordered breathing ,Neurosciences ,Odds ratio ,prediction ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases ,Pregnancy Complications ,Apnea–hypopnea index ,business ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in pregnancy, but there are limited data on predictors. Objectives The objective of this study was to develop predictive models of sleep-disordered breathing during pregnancy. Study Design Nulliparous women completed validated questionnaires to assess for symptoms related to snoring, fatigue, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and restless leg syndrome. The questionnaires included questions regarding the timing of sleep and sleep duration, work schedules (eg, shift work, night work), sleep positions, and previously diagnosed sleep disorders. Frequent snoring was defined as self-reported snoring ≥3 days per week. Participants underwent in-home portable sleep studies for sleep-disordered breathing assessment in early (6–15 weeks gestation) and mid pregnancy (22–31 weeks gestation). Sleep-disordered breathing was characterized by an apnea hypopnea index that included all apneas, plus hypopneas with ≥3% oxygen desaturation. For primary analyses, an apnea hypopnea index ≥5 events per hour was used to define sleep-disordered breathing. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for predictor variables. Predictive ability of the logistic models was estimated with area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves, along with sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios. Results Among 3705 women who were enrolled, data were available for 3264 and 2512 women in early and mid pregnancy, respectively. The corresponding prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing was 3.6% and 8.3%, respectively. At each time point in gestation, frequent snoring, chronic hypertension, greater maternal age, body mass index, neck circumference, and systolic blood pressure were associated most strongly with an increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing. Logistic regression models that included current age, body mass index, and frequent snoring predicted sleep-disordered breathing in early pregnancy, sleep-disordered breathing in mid pregnancy, and new onset sleep-disordered breathing in mid pregnancy with 10-fold cross-validated area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves of 0.870, 0.838, and 0.809. We provide a supplement with expanded tables, integrated predictiveness, classification curves, and an predicted probability calculator. Conclusion Among nulliparous pregnant women, logistic regression models with just 3 variables (ie, age, body mass index, and frequent snoring) achieved good prediction of prevalent and incident sleep-disordered breathing. These results can help with screening for sleep-disordered breathing in the clinical setting and for future clinical treatment trials.
- Published
- 2018
6. Ethanol for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labor
- Author
-
David M. Haas, Amanda M. Morgan, Samantha J. Deans, and Frank P. Schubert
- Subjects
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome ,Tocolytic agent ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Pregnancy Outcome ,medicine.disease ,Obstetric Labor, Premature ,Tocolytic Agents ,Premature birth ,Relative risk ,Tocolytic ,medicine ,Humans ,Premature Birth ,Childbirth ,Female ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Adverse effect ,business ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of death and disability in newborns worldwide. A wide variety of tocolytic agents have been utilized to delay birth for women in preterm labor. One of the earliest tocolytics utilized for this purpose was ethanol infusion, although this is not generally used in current practice due to safety concerns for both the mother and her baby. Objectives To determine the efficacy of ethanol in stopping preterm labor, preventing preterm birth, and the impact of ethanol on neonatal outcomes. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 May 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Selection criteria We included randomized and quasi-randomized studies. Cluster-randomized trials and cross-over design trials were not eligible for inclusion. We only included studies published in abstract form if there was enough information on methods and relevant outcomes. Trials were included if they compared ethanol infusion to stop preterm labor versus placebo/control or versus other tocolytic drugs. Data collection and analysis At least two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion and risk of bias. At least two review authors independently extracted data. Data were checked for accuracy. Main results Twelve trials involving 1586 women met inclusion criteria for this review. One trial did not report on the outcomes of interest in this review. Risk of bias of included studies: The included studies generally were of low quality based on inadequate reporting of methodology. Only three trials had low risk of bias for random sequence generation and one had low risk of bias for allocation concealment and participant blinding. Most studies were either high risk of bias or uncertain in these key areas. Comparison 1: Ethanol versus placebo/control (two trials, 77 women) Compared to controls receiving pain medications and dextrose solution, ethanol did not improve any of the primary outcomes: birth < 48 hours after trial entry (one trial, 35 women; risk ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43 to 2.00), or neonatal mortality (one trial, 35 women; RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.31 to 3.58). Serious maternal adverse events and perinatal mortality were not reported by either of the two trials in this comparison. Maternal adverse events (overall) were not reported but one trial (42 women) reported that there were no maternal adverse events that required stopping or changing drug) in either group. One trial did report delay until delivery but this outcome was reported as a median with no mention of the standard deviation (median 19 days in ethanol group versus "less than 1" day in the glucose/water group). There were no differences in any secondary outcomes reported: preterm birth < 34 weeks or < 37 weeks; serious infant outcome; fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; or small-for-gestational age. Comparison 2: Ethanol versus other tocolytic (betamimetics) (nine trials, 1438 women) Compared to betamimetics (the only tocolytic used as a comparator in these studies), ethanol was associated with no clear difference in the rate of birth < 48 hours after trial entry (two trials, 130 women; average RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.53 to 2.37, Tau² = 0.19, I² = 59%), similar rates of perinatal mortality (six trials, 698 women; RR1.20, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.84), higher rates of neonatal mortality (eight trials, 1238 women; RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.02), higher rates of preterm birth < 34 weeks (two trials, 599 women; RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.19), higher rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (three trials, 823 women; RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.33), and higher rates of low birthweight babies < 2500 g (five trials, 834 women; RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.54). These outcomes are likely all related to the lower incidence of preterm birth seen with other tocolytics, which for all these comparisons were betamimetics. Serious maternal adverse events were not reported in any of the nine trial reports. However, ethanol had a trend towards a lower rate of maternal adverse events requiring stopping or changing the drug (three trials, 214 women; RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.97). There were no differences in other secondary outcomes of preterm birth < 37 weeks, number of days delivery was delayed, or overall maternal adverse events. Planned sensitivity analysis, excluding quasi-randomized trials did not substantially change the results of the primary outcome analyses with the exception of neonatal mortality which no longer showed a clear difference between the ethanol and other tocolytic groups (3 trials, 330 women; RR 1.49, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.72). Authors' conclusions This review is based on evidence from twelve studies which were mostly low quality. There is no evidence that to suggest that ethanol is an effective tocolytic compared to placebo. There is some evidence that ethanol may be better tolerated than other tocolytics (in this case betamimetics), but this result is based on few studies and small sample size and therefore should be interpreted with caution. Ethanol appears to be inferior to betamimetics for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labor. Ethanol is generally no longer used in current practice due to safety concerns for the mother and her baby. There is no need for new studies to evaluate the use of ethanol for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour. However, it would be useful for long-term follow-up studies on the babies born to mothers from the existing studies in order to assess the risk of long-term neurodevelopmental status.
- Published
- 2015
7. Recurrent fetal seizures diagnosed in the offspring of consanguineous parents
- Author
-
Frank P. Schubert, Kareem Khozaim, Tara Benjamin, and Karrie A. Hines
- Subjects
Embryology ,Fetus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Obstetrics ,Offspring ,business.industry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Consanguinity ,business - Abstract
Fetal seizures are relatively rare and most often associated with anomalies or adverse neonatal outcome. We describe a patient who presented in both her G1 and G2 pregnancies with fetal seizures. The second pregnancy was a twin gestation in which only one twin was affected. The fetal seizures were noted by the patient as “extreme rhythmic movement” and were observed on ultrasound. Both neonates were diagnosed with a seizure disorder within 1 day of life. Currently, the seizures are controlled by medication; however, both children have some developmental delay. Additionally, the patient and her partner are consanguineous, suggesting a likely genetic etiology. In utero diagnosis of fetal seizures warrants a multidisciplinary approach to attempt to further define prognosis and provide appropriate treatment and counseling.
- Published
- 2014
8. Ethanol for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labor
- Author
-
David M Haas, Amanda M Morgan, Samantha J Deans, and Frank P Schubert
- Published
- 2014
9. 634: The fetal stress response as expressed by heat shock protein 60 (HSP60)
- Author
-
Renata Wilczek, Brian Stafeil, John Gianopoulos, Frank P. Schubert, Ruben Mestril, and Megan Koh
- Subjects
Fetal stress ,business.industry ,Heat shock protein ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medicine ,HSP60 ,Heat shock ,business ,Cell biology - Published
- 2009
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.