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This thesis examines the optimization of airline operations through the implementation of Free Route Airspace (FRA) and the strategic use of Cost Index (CI). The primary objective is to analyze how these elements influence the performance and efficiency of different airlines, focusing on Vueling, Volotea, Ryanair, and EasyJet. The study begins with a comprehensive review of the theoretical background, including the evolution and benefits of FRA, as well as the concept and application of CI in airline operations. The literature review highlights key insights from existing research and sets the foundation for the analysis. The methodology involves collecting extensive flight data from Eurocontrol's Aviation Data Repository, covering the period from March 2015 to March 2022. Various parameters such as flight distance, time, speed, flight level, and horizontal flight efficiency (HFE) are calculated and compared for filed and actual flight plans. The data is processed using a combination of custom scripts and functions, facilitating efficient filtering, computation, and visualization of the results. Key routes selected for analysis include BCN-FCO, BCN-LGW, BIO-SVQ, PMO-VRN, PMO-MXP, and CTA-NAP. These routes are chosen based on criteria such as the number of flights, presence of multiple airlines, and similarity in flight distance and duration. The study investigates the percentage differences between filed and actual data, providing insights into the impact of FRA and CI on operational performance. The results reveal significant fuel savings, reduced emissions, and improved operational efficiency due to FRA. The analysis also shows how different CI values affect flight parameters, with lower CIs prioritizing fuel efficiency and higher CIs focusing on reducing flight time. For instance, Ryanair's low CI of 6 leads to slower climb and cruise speeds, enhancing fuel savings, while EasyJet's higher CI of 23 results in faster speeds and shorter flight times. The thesis concl

In a rapidly evolving world, airlines have to continuously adapt and face new challenges to an ever-changing web of factors that will affect their methods of informed decisions. This project aims to analyze the aviation industry's approach on its delay management to then develop a framework of predicting and quantifying airline delay, which will be done around the perspective of the airport of Madrid-Barajas through an amalgamation of data sourcing and data science techniques. The study unfolds in several critical phases, beginning with the definitions of the current delay management in the aviation industry and demonstrating which are the most significant for this study. Secondly, the project will rely on different types of datasets around Madrid's airport, including, real historical flight data for encompassing departures/arrivals, and airline specifics. Additionally, a significant emphasis is placed on incorporating weather data, with a keen focus on wind gusts and wind directions. These and more variables will be cleaned, manipulated, and be considered in different ways to see how if may affect the delay in the next step of the project. Subsequent to data collection, the project transitions into the data analysis phase, which will consist of extracting key variables that will be used for the prediction phase of the project. Making sure what variables to use is essential as this will shape how the prediction models are going to use them and to what level we can draw conclusions. The last phase simulates a present-time situation to predict the delay throughout a given day after a particular hour, trying to predict the following hours of activity, which will give us insights on how it can be managed if whether it is recuperated or enhanced. This will be done by exploring two machine learning models: the Random Forest Regressor and the XGBoost model, which both serve purposes in different ways, allowing for a multi-modal analysis point of view. Overall, this project

This study aims to determine the feasibility of implementing wide-body aircraft on short-haul routes in a low-cost airline. Over the last two decades, there has been a steady increase in the average number of seats offered per flight in Europe using narrow-body aircraft. For this reason, this project considers the possibility of using wide-body aircraft, with a higher capacity, on these types of routes. To verify this hypothesis, a model has been constructed that allows a data analysis to be carried out, with the aim of demonstrating the feasibility of using this type of aircraft in terms of costs, revenues and benefits. To this end, an operational and cost model based on Ryanair's business model has been developed to obtain the operational statistics and annual costs for a low-cost airline. Based on these results, an analysis has been made of the seat capacities that allow the cost per available seat per kilometre to be minimised as much as possible. The influence of aircraft utilisation on the reduction of this cost per seat is also demonstrated by means of a fixed cost dilution model and a model of increased costs due to a decrease in utilisation. Finally, based on a feasibility study, it is shown that the implementation of aircraft with a capacity of between two hundred and fifty and three hundred seats is feasible, while the use of aircraft with a capacity of more than two hundred and fifty seats is ruled out. This is evidenced by obtaining the values of elasticity, revenue per passenger, revenue per available seat per kilometre, margin, as well as total annual revenue and profit for different aircraft capacities. Thus, this finding allows us to enunciate some boundary conditions for the development of these aircraft and raise questions for future studies on their design in structural and sustainability terms., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

Most reports studying the environmental impact of aviation use the Great-Circle Distance (GCD) to calculate the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of flights. However, these figures are often far from reality and should be corrected. The main objective of this project is to study flight path, horizontal and vertical flight efficiency, consumption and emissions in order to assess the sustainability of the aviation sector. The samples analysed correspond to European short and medium-haul commercial flights operated from 2015 to 2021 with Barcelona as origin airport to a set of 32 destinations. The information has been provided by Eurocontrol and includes the actual data captured by the ADS-B systems and those from the last filed flight plan. After collecting and processing the data using Matlab software, an analytical model has been created which estimates the flight distance based on the GCD and identifies the factors involved such as airport capacity, departure and approach procedures, sectorisation and assumable airspace traffic levels. In addition, the strategies used by the airlines to operate each of the selected routes have been analysed according to their operational policy. Then, the flight distance and maximum flight level (FL) are compared with the GCD and the reference altitude values respectively to calculate the horizontal (HFE) and vertical (VFE) flight efficiencies. Finally, a study of the fuel consumption and the corresponding gas emissions is developed to check the relationship with the flight efficiencies as well as the improvement offered by the solutions proposed by air traffic management (ATM). Therefore, by knowing the GCD between selected city pair, the actual flight distance can be computed to estimate the results of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, thanks to the data from the last filed flight plan, fuel savings and pollution reduction can be checked against the actual values provided by current ATM techn, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima

This project analyzes the feasibility and benefits of incorporating large-capacity aircrafts into low-cost airlines, focusing on a case study of Ryanair's network. The main objective is to assess the operational efficiency and economic profitability of using aircraft with capacities ranging from 180 to 505 seats, increasing in increments of 25 seats. The methodology includes applying a genetic algorithm to optimize flight scheduling. This algorithm considers factors such as aircraft capacity, operation schedules and Turn Around Time (TAT). Initially, a study on scheduling and economic viability for different capacities was conducted. Once the optimal seat capacity was determined, a real-case implementation study was carried out at Stansted Airport in the U.K. The results show that using aircraft with a capacity of 280 seats is economically viable and more profitable than the current configuration of 190 seats. This configuration increases benefits due to higher seat capacity per flight and reduced operating costs. Additionally, in terms of sustainability, the new configuration reduces CO¿ emissions, contributing to more sustainable operations. It is concluded that implementing a new fleet of 280 seat aircraft is not only feasible but also economically advantageous. Having stated this, it must be said that the study presents certain limitations, such as the lack of long-term implementation and the inherent variability in the analysis models. Further research is recommended to be carried out for a real implementation, considering schedule optimization and the impact of having fewer daily flights to certain destinations., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

The aim of this document is to carry out the inventory of a warehouse using an autonomous drone. By means of predetermined commands, it will read the code of the shelves and the information obtained will be stored in a database that will be used to manage it. In this way, the work of the people in charge of this function is made easier and more accurate results are obtained more efficiently and quickly. The following report describes the software and hardware elements that have been used, as well as the alternatives considered and the results obtained. Firstly, the current regulations for flying a drone inside an industrial building will be considered. Secondly, we will choose the flying object with which we intend to develop the project, analyze the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the options we are working with, both technically and practically. The movements will be tested and how they react to the different allocations applied. Several problems will be encountered, which will be solved in the course of the report. Then, as a final step, the project will be carried out and put into operation in a real environment as a test method., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

The project aims to determine what keys are necessary for human adaptation to the technological era, more specifically to artificial intelligence. It aims to show how the air transport sector may change in the coming decades and what we can do to ensure that the coming changes are positive for this sector. The project consists of an introduction, a personal motivation, five chapters that form the body of the project, a final chapter of personal opinions and a conclusion. The final section of the annexes contains a survey which has been used to understand people's perceptions of AI and the changes it brings about.

In the current global context, the aviation sector stands out as one of the most economically influential industries worldwide, offering a multitude of opportunities. Since its inception, aviation has experienced continuous growth until the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, this growth has come with disadvantages, particularly regarding its environmental impact. This project mainly focuses on exploring a possible solution to mitigate the sector's impact on the environment and the transition to aviation with lower emissions. The central focus of this study lies in the evaluation and quantification of possible measures to reduce emissions in the Spanish aeronautical industry. This study examines the sector's needs by taking the historical evolution of national energy into consideration. It then suggests a series of measures to achieve the objectives proposed at the European level, which have already been set as a national goal. The evaluated measures are divided into four blocks. The first and most impactful is the transition from the current fuel to SAF. The second block considers the offsetting of emissions through various methods such as carbon capture. Lastly, as the final blocks, it considers the emergence of new technologies that are planned to be implemented in the next decade and the possibilities for optimizing existing structures and operations. In order to predict future emissions and compare them with current levels, a comprehensive analysis and calculation of total emissions was conducted to estimate the future emissions. The estimation of future emissions was calculated by combining two factors: the implementation of certain measures and the life cycle analysis of the proposed new fuels, such as SAF. In conclusion, the study analyzes the potential impact of implementing said measures and provides an estimate for the future scenario resulting from their application., Outgoing, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima

This final degree project has investigated the feasibility of an object detection system using the YOLOv7 algorithm and the LabelImg labelling tool. The main objective was to analyse how this technology can be applied to object detection in airport environments. Despite practical limitations due to adverse weather conditions that prevented sufficient data collection, a comprehensive theoretical analysis has been conducted. The project initially planned to use drones for image capture, leveraging their unique perspectives. However, operational and safety restrictions led to the exploration of alternative methods such as static cameras for data acquisition. These alternatives can offer greater robustness and efficiency to the detection system. The theoretical study focused on the configuration and training of the YOLOv7 model, highlighting its ability to process images in real-time with high accuracy. Emphasis was also placed on the importance of high-quality labelled data, which is essential for obtaining a valid object detection model, from the initial to subsequent iterations to perfect the model. Throughout the project, the use of Roboflow for dataset management was considered due to its use in a previous practice, but LabelImg was ultimately chosen due to the tutor's familiarity with this tool. Despite not being able to carry out the practical part of the project on a large scale, the theoretical results obtained provide a solid foundation for future research. This work represents a theoretical contribution to the field of computer vision, offering a clear guide on how to approach the implementation of YOLOv7 in a real environment and highlighting the necessary technical considerations. Although no debris detection system has been implemented in any Schengen country, EASA has already highlighted this use case of artificial intelligence in its latest AI Roadmap for Aviation. A similar project, scaled appropriately and with the necessary resources, could represent, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

In the last four months, I was hired by Vueling, and during my day-to-day work, I identified areas within the mechanical workflows that could be optimized. This sparked the idea for a project aimed at improving the efficiency of daily maintenance tasks. Choosing to under- take my final degree project at Vueling, I delved into the Maintenance Operation Center (MOC) operations, gaining valuable insights into the daily workings of aircraft maintenance and the structural organization of different MOC departments crucial for airworthiness. The project's primary objective is to analyze and enhance the daily planning process for maintenance tasks, ensuring optimal flight conditions for Vueling's fleet. Focusing on the maintenance task planning process, a thorough analysis was conducted to identify spe- cific areas for optimization in daily planning work. Airbus's innovative tool, Skywise, was then integrated to automate processes amenable to optimization based on the observed variables. The project encompassed a comprehensive examination of planning processes, utilizing Skywise to access relevant databases and optimize the chosen process. This initiative not only aims to enhance efficiency but also contributes to the ongoing evo- lution of maintenance practices within Vueling, aligning with the airline's commitment to excellence in air operations.

This project aims to investigate the impact of the implementation of the technique known as "Free Flow" in airspace over a period of five years, from 2015 to 2020. A comparative study of two air routes with different characteristics: Barcelona-Seville and Barcelona-Dublin. The analysis focuses on flight efficiency and seeks to establish a relationship with Free Flow. Free Flow is a technique that allows pilots to fly more freely after obtaining prior approval from air traffic controllers. In Europe, Eurocontrol is the body responsible for overseeing the development and guaranteeing the operation of this technique. Currently, it is in the process of implementation, and it is expected that there will be a considerable improvement towards 2030. Using data provided by Eurocontrol and a set of programming codes in MATLAB, the kilograms of fuel saved for each route will be calculated based on the difference between the distance flown and the planned one. For the route from Barcelona to Dublin, an estimate will also be made of CO2 emissions and other polluting particles related to the difference in distance mentioned. Finally, a calculation will be made in terms of money that Ryanair will save through the efficiency improvements on the Barcelona - Dublin route. Through the figure of money obtained, some general conclusions will be drawn for the benefits of the airlines. It should be noted that the results of the study may be affected by the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, which caused significant disruptions in the air sector during 2020. However, the results obtained seem very relevant in a context where emissions are the main factor to improve the sustainability of air transport.

Fifteen years ago, this bachelors final thesis was unimaginable. Today, it is my pleasure to say that thanks to the international organization's initiatives in order to reduce aviation emissions, it is unthinkable to talk about aviation fuel without mentioning Sustainable Aviation Fuel, also known as SAF, an eco-friendly type of fuel that helps airlines to reduce their emissions and, therefore, minimizes the aviation impact on the environment. This project's primary goal is to develop a model that will enable airlines to assess the financial viability of implementing SAF in the near future: concretely, before 2030. As a result, it offers airlines willing to participate into SAF contracts outside of the established regulations a new instrument that enables risk assessment. In order to build this model, it was necessary to analyse the economic effects of this shift by examining airlines' fuel costs using a variety of mixed SAF scenarios. Because of this, the predicted unit fuel costs for the major low-cost airlines in Europe between the years 2023 and 2030 took into account the unique mandate for each year. Additionally, it has been investigated how several aspects, such as fuel price sensitivity, the introduction of new aircraft models, or operating efficiency, affect each scenario to figure out which would be the most advantageous under any unforeseen circumstances, such as an increase in the price of oil; as happened in the context of the invasion of Ukraine. Finally, some conclusions have been drawn relying on the analysis of all the scenarios approached, where some aspects can be outlined, such as the cost variance between fuel mix scenarios in 2030, the optimal percentage of SAF for each situation, the trade-off between having an efficient fleet and transitioning to SAF on the long-term basis., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima

This project examines air travel congestion and disruptions in the United States, with a particular focus on the route between John F. Kennedy Airport (JFK) in New York and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The main objective is to identify the main drivers of flight delays and assess the performance of airlines operating this route. The study analyses airport operations, infrastructure capacity and demand, weather conditions, air traffic congestion, and technical issues to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting flight departure and arrival times. Additionally, the study provides a comparative analysis of airline performance, examining indicators such as flight delay rates, average delay times, and resilience to adverse scenarios. This analysis focuses on airline strategies for dealing with delays and ways to improve operational management on the studied route. To achieve these objectives, the research methodology includes the use of a specially designed MATLAB code that allows the analysis of data obtained from the United States Bureau of Traffic Statistics (BTS) for 2017, allowing a detailed examination of the reasons for flight delays on the route. The research aims to gain deeper insight into the factors that cause an impact on flight performance. This innovative approach shows the ability to provide valuable information and recommendations to optimize flight management strategies and improve operational efficiency. The results of the research project have practical implications for the aviation industry, airlines and airport authorities. Using the insights gained from this study, industry players can make informed decisions and implement strategies to address the challenges of congestion and disruption on the studied routes and airports., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

The purpose of this project is the implementation of a Business Intelligence tool that facilitates the integrated planning process of an airline company. Through the integration of massive data, it is intended to provide the different departments of an airline the insight of its business situation regarding the commercial aviation industry in the United States and the different business models of the airlines depending on the distribution of their routes. At the end of this study, the aim is to answer a set of questions about how the different variables affect the world of aviation. Some of the questions are listed below: - How do airline routes affect aircraft utilization? - What requirements does an airline need to meet to be considered on-time? - What is "padding"? - Is there a relationship between sky cover and cancellations? First, a study has been made on the different weather regions of the United States and the different business models of its airlines. Afterwards, two databases have been obtained with which two dynamic and flexible applications have been created through the Qlik Sense data analytics tool. By merging both internal and external data and implementing these two interactive applications, the aim is to provide answers to business scenarios in order to facilitate decision making by the airlines. The first application is made up of airline records for the entire United States obtained from a single data source, while the second application, focused on the state of Texas, includes a second database belonging to a weather station located near the Dallas/Fort Worth airport in order to examine in depth the effect of weather conditions. Finally, several interactive visualizations have been created to understand the behavior of different variables during a specific period.

This work studies the feasibility of using electric batteries in commercial aircraft with the intention of reducing or eliminating the CO2 emissions produced by combustion engines. To achieve this, the functioning of different propulsion systems with electric batteries is explained, followed by the operation and characteristics of different compositions of electric batteries, current and theoretical. The study is based on the characteristics of the batteries and analyses for a number of aircraft and routes, whether it is feasible, in terms of power and weight, to exchange the current fuel for an electric battery. At the end of the study, the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of electric batteries are listed and it is concluded that although it is possible from a weight point of view, from an economic one, it would not be profitable for airlines with current technologies.

his paper aims to validate that the implementation of a CRM environment in an airport increases its operational efficiency and improves the customer experience. Firstly, a brief study of a particular CRM, Salesforce, has been made. Its current market position was analysed, as well as the threat of competitors. We also went into detail about the structure of its software and the security measures it employs. Secondly, a case study of the Seville Airport was carried out, in order to focus the implementation of Salesforce on this airport, and with it, all the necessary requirements analysis. Finally, this implementation has been carried out in a real environment, configuring all the functionalities to satisfy the requirements previously taken. We have shown the details of this configuration and the real results. The methodology used was: first, to define the objects of the work, then, to carry out a research and analysis of CRM, and specifically, of Salesforce, in order to study its main functionalities and advantages. Afterwards, a case study of an airport was carried out in which the tool could be adapted to improve its current technological features. Afterwards, a Solution Design has been drafted to cover all the requirements of this airport with the functionalities offered by the platform. This Solution Design was then implemented in a real Salesforce environment and its automatisms and functionalities were validated. Finally, all the conclusions regarding both the implementation of the environment and the Salesforce analysis that had been carried out previously were drawn.

The exploration of space is known by many of us through different ways, yet all from very diverse fields which appear to have no linkage at all. We know what topics space exploration deals with, like engineering, astrophysics, planetary science, or economics among others, but we do not know how they are correlated in a mission. Thus, there is a lack of knowledge on how space missions are put together, the different aspects that are considered and how they are approached. Hence, the goal of this project is to provide a framework that encapsulates the entire process of analyzing and designing space missions, offering a holistic view of space mission design rather than a local view of a specific field within it. The present work is not only from the engineering point of view but rather from an interdisciplinary approach, in which the work shows that space exploration entails much more than just engineering (Management, Astrophysics, Planetary science, Astrobiology, Economics). The linkages within these different fields involved in space exploration missions, like the ones mentioned above, will be revealed as well as their contribution to the mission. Along the project, the reader is guided to design a space exploration mission departing from the questioning of exploration (which is a current hot topic) recognizing the importance of exploration, understanding the actuality of the sector, and finally starting with a vague idea of a mission, up until designing, building a team, setting protocols, estimating costs, etc., ultimately designing a mission to Mars.

The aviation industry, being an essential sector for global trade and economy, faces the challenge of addressing climate change concerns due to greenhouse gas emissions, with the mission of achieving Zero Emissions by 2050. This work focuses on studying and analysing a strategy for the future of aviation based on the acquisition of aircraft with more efficient propulsion engines to help solve the emissions problem. This strategy will be looked at mainly in financial matters for the airline, but there will also be reference to the amounts of emissions that are an older engine and a more efficient engine. The study is based on the comparison between the two versions offered of the Airbus A320 aircraft model, the former CEO version and the more modern and efficient NEO version, and, to achieve the project's main objective, the different costs associated with aircraft will be studied, especially those that have a more differentiated impact on each other, such as the cost of acquisition, the cost of maintenance, the operating costs associated with fuel consumption, and finally the cost of offsetting the CO2 emissions produced by the aircraft. Once the costs are analysed, four different situations will be analysed depending on various circumstances that an airline may have, such as the geography where it operates or the fleet strategy that follows. In this more practical section, we will see whether it is more profitable to acquire cheaper but less efficient and more polluting aircraft, or now it is time to invest in a more expensive, but more efficient fleet in terms of emissions and start to align with the objective of zero discharges, in other words whether the adoption of more efficient aircraft can be a viable and beneficial strategy for both the environment and the economy of airlines. Finally, in practical cases, it will be possible to see that fuel and maintenance costs equal the difference in the cost of acquiring a more modern aircraft, and then everything is de, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima

This project focuses on the problems of seasonal airports in which, during the season with the highest volume of traffic they do not have sufficient equipment to provide coverage to all users, and therefore, the optimization of these resources is essential in these airports. Specifically, the project will focus on Tenerife South Airport (TFS) with knowledge of the Ibiza Airport (IBZ). The main objective will be the optimization of the use of buses for the boarding and disembarking of aircraft, trying to find the most efficient route in each case, joining boarding and disembarking, thus minimizing the drivers and buses that have to be used during the day. All this will be done by allocating the stands in the most optimal way possible, in order to provide the best service of all during peak hours. An exhaustive analysis of the months of July and August of the year 2022 will be made. For more accurate results data provided by the handling company IBERIA Airport Services will be used. The idea of this project is to reorganize the stands in the most optimal way for a better use of buses, thus achieving savings in resources such as fuel, vehicle kilometers, personnel and with it a lower environmental impact.

Nowadays, planning a flight or a series of flights has become a very complex task. In fact, operational programming will hardly follow the reality, there will be many variable factors that will be able to alter operations. Over the years, air traffic has been increasing by forcing companies to constantly change planning, and this change is reflected in the increase in the time between block times, which is intended to adjust as far as possible so as not to alter the rotations. That is why companies adopt programming models, each with its own characteristics. These policies make the operational workable have variable characteristics and, furthermore, they achieve different results when compared with reality. These strategies are linked to general company policy. As a general rule, low-cost airlines tend to adopt more aggressive policies and flag carriers instead program the operation with less aggressive times. Initially, one might think that by adopting strategies such as flag strategies, the operation will be the best. But this kind of policy will also have its opposites. On the other hand, the low-cost airlines are planning their times more aggressively, but they obtain acceptable or even good results in some cases. In order to obtain results from these policies, a study of operational times must be carried out and based on these comparisons and on discovering how they affect the operational time carried out.

Dado el incremento de las operaciones diarias que se realizan en los aeropuertos, cada vez es más necesario optimizar todos los aspectos posibles que se encargan del funcionamiento de las aerolíneas. Uno de estos aspectos se trata de los transportes de tripulación que se desplazan por las zonas aire de las terminales. Estos transportes son los encargados de desplazar a las tripulaciones de los diferentes aviones que aterrizan y despegan de una terminal desde la zona de firma hasta los stands de los aviones. Estos transportes se realizan al principio y al final de cada turno de las tripulaciones

As a consequence of the increase in aeronautical activity, it has become necessary to search for new solutions in order to maintain the guaranteed standards of requirements, taking into account the maximum performance of the necessary resources. Throughout this project, two methods of surface equipment management are been designed, modeling their trajectories, and achieving through the optimization provided by linear programming the minimal the cost of this management. In order to create each method, two companies have been considered as a reference, airline A and B, with two very different ways of carrying out their ground equipment management. Based on these two airlines, method A for airline A and method B for airline B have been created. Once the methods have been created, both methods will be applied to two airports, Barcelona Josep-Tarradellas airport and Gran Canaria Gando airport. The main objective of applying both methods to two very different airports is to analyse the distance component, since it is the distance component that most affects the planning of ground resources. A typical day will be given for both airports of a real company, and the performance of each method will be analysed at each airport, Barcelona and Gran Canaria. Finally, the differences between the two methods will be review in terms of the total cost of hours worked by the staff necessary throughout the day to cover the operational needs, as well as the differences in the distance.

This project arises from the need to bring a new mode of transportation to the population. Drones will arrive to cities to takle problems such as traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions. In the next 3-5 years, people will be able to travel between cities, to the airport or even to neighboring regions in a more effective, faster and more direct way. The technology has been studied for more than a decade and the first successful results are already beginning to be obtained .However, to ensure the success of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) it is necessary to provide cities with the necessary infrastructure, called vertiport, so that aircraft can land and take off from areas surrounded by buildings in a safe way. This project aims to study the feasibility of a company that would provide service to the companies operating air taxis, for this purpose the barriers and challenges that the sector faces have been identified, not only technological but also social. An ideal location has been sought among a few European candidate cities and the design of the vertiport has been carried out following the design manual recently published by EASA. Finally, the feasibility of the project is demonstrated through the development of a financial study., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles

This project aims to study and analyse the economic feasibility of using UAS as a means of parcel transport. Specifically, this work is focused on the transport of which is known as "last mile", that is, the last stretch within the logistics chain of transport of a package. At the end of this report, we want to answer a series of questions regarding the proposed theme. These questions are: - Is this transport solution economically viable? - Where would the distribution centers be located from where the packages would be distributed? - How would the company be structured? What areas or territories would it start? Which have a competitive advantage over larger conventional transport? In order to answer all these questions, a study has been made on where the centres would have to be located, how many centres are needed and what measure they should have. To do so, mathematical models specially designed for this purpose have been used. Then, the answer has been sought, through the creation of an indicator, to which areas the company has to start implementing. Finally, we have studied what business plan this company has to have and have reviewed costs and revenues to determine whether this technological solution is viable or not, today. After all, what we want to teach in this report is the process carried out from the formulation of the questions and the proposed topic until the relevant answers and conclusions are obtained., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::8 - Treball Decent i Creixement Econòmic, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

Given the technological development of electric or hybrid-electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, more questions are being raised about how their implementation will affect our lives. Although it promises to transform the mobility of people and cargo, being quicker, quieter and more environmentally friendly, it still has to overcome several challenges to achieve a full integration. We will soon witness how commercial aircraft, helicopters, drones and eVTOLs will share the airspace. Will this new transport offer a threat or an opportunity for cooperation for conventional airlines? It is not only a question of engineering, but also implies an acceptance by the city and its residents. In this case, Barcelona has been chosen to be the centre of the study and to create a network of connections around it. The destinations selected for the study have been Formentera and Andorra-Pyrenees, taking advantage of the high summer season of one and the high winter season of the other. The aim is to maximise the number of flights per day, planning the entire year weekly according to the season, in order to achieve a lower cost per mile and passenger. From the cost, ticket prices are obtained for both destinations and by analysing the other transport alternatives and estimated demand for the routes offered, it is considered that the proposal has the potential to be a beneficial opportunity for cooperation with competing airlines. The results suggest that the service is most likely to be operated as a premium product, for customers with high income and looking for quick, comfortable and convenient service. The summer season is very important but a key factor for success will be focusing the service on snow tourism. Attracting passengers from all over the world and making a layover in Barcelona before arriving at the Pyrenees will bring an extra flow of customers to a valley season for the airlines., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

In 2018, IATA Resolution 753 came into force. This obliges airlines to track baggage at various specific points along its route. For the time being, baggage identification by reading barcode labels is mainly used. Although this technology meets all the requirements of IATA, it has certain limitations and does not allow for exhaustive baggage tracking, and still relies on the actions of many human personnel who are susceptible to errors, resulting in lost baggage, customer dissatisfaction, additional costs for the airline and aircraft delays. The project aims to study the feasibility of implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for baggage management and tracking in the Spanish airport network. Given that the technology has been under development for years, its cost is relatively low, and it could be used in a hybrid way with current baggage identification systems. This would reduce the rate of baggage loss, optimise the loading and unloading of aircraft and ease the adoption of Resolution 753. To this end, an infrastructure implementation plan has been developed for the most important airports in Spain. The results determine that it is advisable to implement RFID in the airports with the highest volume of traffic in Spain.

The idea of this project arises from one of the main goals of low-cost airlines, the maximum reduction of costs. Thanks to Vueling airlines, providing me all the data and information needed, we have been able to develop this project who seeks to study two methods in order to transport cabin crews by vans or buses, and so be able to compare them. So, the main objective of this project is the optimizations of the cabin crew transportation at Barcelona airport. In order to achieve that, we have studied two scenarios: the current situation, where a van has a capacity of one crew, or a bus where the capacity is of four crews. Based on this, we have observed that our problem can be defined as a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), and to solve it, we have developed a Python software, capable of finding route combinations to improve the performance. Therefore, the project is divided in four chapters following a common thread. In the first chapter we expose the current situation at Barcelona airport and what will be our case study. The second chapter we explain the method that will be used to solve our problem, where there is a more theoretical part and a mathematical part. In the third chapter, we explain the methodology, from the problem definition to the software code brief explanation. And in the fourth chapter, we show all the results obtained as plots, maps and tables. Finally, we expose the conclusions, where we can see that in Barcelona airport, the usage of buses is very useful in scenarios where there are a lot of flights in a small period of time, but in hours where the traffic is lower, is better to use vans.

This document contains the financial analysis of the consequent combination of passenger and cargo flights, taking advantage of the storage capacity of commercial flights to offer a package transport service to e-commerce companies. The virtuality of operating mixed flights lies in the possibility of taking advantage of the existing flight network and in the impact of the seasonality and annual traffic of airline passengers throughout the year. Two representative companies have been chosen: the low-cost airline, Vueling, and the e-commerce company, Amazon. With the data collected from both companies, a study has been carried out to analyze the existing routes available of the airline to choose strategic networks where the flow of flights throughout the year is high to carry out this service. The effects of revenue and costs of the consequent combination of passenger and cargo traffic are studied to determine the viability of this proposal.

The aim of this project is to analyze the methodologies of the handling operations at Barcelona¿s airport, and for this purpose the handling methodology of two airlines with the largest number of operations have been taken into account. The handling methods used differ in that one of them performs the baggage loading and unloading tasks with the same team, while the other employs two teams, each with an assigned task. These tasks are always loading and unloading. In order to draw conclusions about which methodology is more efficient, a Python code has been developed with the aim of generating efficient routes, based on the cost of time between journeys. Once the routes have been created, the requirements of each one are calculated. Consisting of the minimum number of employees or equipment required, which will vary according to the type of methodology used. Results have been obtained for two different airports, the first being Mahon and the second Barcelona¿s airport. Not only have different airports been compared, but there have also been modifications in the number of parking stands used in order to see how these manipulations affect the routes generated by the code. Different conclusions have been obtained for each, reinforcing the idea that one of the methods is effective for different airport dimensions. Methodology B has been shown to be better for larger airports, while method A has been shown to be better for smaller airports. This is due to the methodology of operating and transporting the baggage, as the greater the distance between parking and the luggage carousel, the longer the travel time of the equipment.

This project consists of the development and consolidation of a simulation model on the management of an airline called "SimGame", designed for students who take the subject of business in both aerospace systems engineering and the double degree of the same together with telecommunications engineering in order to begin to introduce them to several of the key concepts of the aviation industry. The students, divided into groups, will be in charge of understanding the most important aspects of capacity and traffic indicators, as well as the financial results (revenues, costs, profit margins) involved in the management of an airline in reality. This exercise is designed as an educational alternative with a methodology that involves a willingness to work in a team, autonomous learning together with individual responsibility in front of the project group to obtain much greater learning results than with traditional teaching methods. In order to be able to understand how this simulation exercise works, this project will first introduce what Business Simulation Games are, what are their contributions in terms of learning along with some examples. In addition, it will be explained in broad outlines what this simulation exercise called SimGame consists of, giving all the details about the information that will be provided along with the description of each of the phases in which the exercise has been divided. Finally, there will be a demonstration of the simulation exercise on the management of an airline called "SimGame", where it will be shown how the different phases will be developed by a set of determined groups., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::4 - Educació de Qualitat

With the increment in the number of flights on the lasts decades, the system has become denser what has caused a significant increment on delays. These delays on airport will be object of study in this project. In airports there is people working, on the so-called Handling companies, who are assisting these flights with different kind of services. To cover these needs, Handling companies need to offer both human and material resources. Throughout this project the methodology in which employees on Handling services are planned is going to be analyzed. The personal planning methodology in the present consists as follows: the airlines give their scheduling to handling companies. After this, every airline has some requirements on who must be where and when, and with this two information, handling companies create their personal panning. Given this actual planning methodology ignores delays, this project is going to not ignore that assumption and force them into the equation of planning. To do so, first of all a specific scheduling will be needed. The one chosen has been Ryanair¿s Scheduling on London Stansted Airport the 29th of September 2019. After this, we¿ll find the delays found on that day together with the previous and following working days (28th ¿ 29th ¿ 30th), and with these delays some delays probability plots will be made for 6 time periods during the day. Once this is done, then a Montecarlo simulation will be made in order to make different scenarios from the original planning considering delays with the help of the plots previously mentioned. Finally, the original planning will be compared with the ones build with the different scenarios created by the simulations, and costs will be analyzed. Taking delays into account, a new planning proposition will be made with the same amounts of employees as with the original, and at the end the author is going to purpose what thinks is the best solution found on the project taking all into account.

In this project it is pretend to stablish a methodology and an indicator that allows the network planning and the ground operations planning to obtain efficient networks in terms of handling, on an easy way. This methodology and this indicator allow to make an union between the airport resources management and the network planification. This indicator is designed to be obtained by using only the network planning data, this allows that the same network agents can compute that value. This indicator is designed to be used by low-cost airlines that have auto-handling service, that means that they manage the services by themselves. This indicator requires a procedure of three steps. First, different flight networks with different timings, routes, etc. Each network is going to have its own value of Handling Efficiency. Next, from this flight networks, different graphics of flights distribution are created. This graphics are done for each airport during the study period. From this graphics, it is obtained all the necessary data to compute the Handling Efficiency value. Finally, with these data, which are the mean TAT (Turn Around Time), hour stationarity, hour deviation, number of flights and kurtosis; it is possible to proceed at the obtention and analysis of the indicator Handling Efficiency. The Handling Efficiency analysis allows to calculate, not only the handling efficiency itself, it allows to calculate also the costs associated at this service. With that, it is possible to obtain the costs associated at those efficiencies. Also, the Handling Efficiency indicator can be used in a comparative way between different nets, determining which of it is more efficient.