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The cognitive motivational concepts of expectancy and valence are reviewed and applied to the situation of the employee facing return to work following a compensable work injury. A methodology for operationalising and measuring valence and expectancy in this occupational rehabilitation context is described and applied to a sample of 32 non-working workers' compensation clients. Utilizing a prospective design, valence and expectancy were assessed by structured interview and rating scales and employment outcomes were recorded six months after the assessment. Results indicated a significant relationship between the motivational variables and subsequent return-to-work outcomes., It is a commonplace to note that the amount of time to return to employment, following an injury or other compensable condition incurred through employment, cannot be fully predicted from [...]

Although identity, image, and reputation are important issues for the sport management field, little research has examined how sport organizations construct and manage such intangible yet critical aspects of their organizations. This article addresses this gap in the literature by exploring the process of identity construction within organizing committees of major sporting events. The insights gained from two case studies indicate that committees draw on three types of identity referents: the nature of the event, context, and key individuals of organizing committees. These referents are projected as images from the organizing committee to various stakeholder groups and then reflected back to the organizing committee. In addition, images are often received by stakeholders through indirect channels of transmission, especially the media, further complicating the process of image and identity management. Finally, organizing committees attempt to manage the process primarily via verbal and symbolic communication strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]