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1. Model driven simulation of elastic OCCI cloud resources

Author

Faiez Zalila, Walid Gaaloul, Philippe Merle, Slim Kallel, Mehdi Ahmed-Nacer, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene = University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Unité de Recherche en développement et contrôle d'applications distribuées (REDCAD), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Self-adaptation for distributed services and large software systems (SPIRALS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Informatique (TSP - INF), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Algorithmes, Composants, Modèles Et Services pour l'informatique répartie (ACMES-SAMOVAR), Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux (SAMOVAR), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), This work is partially supported by OCCIware, a research project funded by French FSN (Fonds national pour la Société Numérique) program., University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Département Informatique (INF)

Subjects
OCCIware, CloudSim, General Computer Science, Computer science, Interface (Java), Distributed computing, Cloud computing, Context (language use), 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], 01 natural sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Abstraction (linguistics), Amazon web services, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Usability, Elasticity, Metamodeling, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Proof of concept, OCCI, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], business, Pricing, Simulation
Abstract

Deploying a cloud configuration in a real cloud platform is mostly cost- and time- consuming, as large number of cloud resources have to be rented for the time needed to run the configuration. Thereafter, cloud simulation tools are used as a cheap alternative to test cloud configuration. However, most of the existing cloud simulation tools require extensive technical skills and do not support simulation of any kind of cloud resources. In this context, using a model-driven approach can be helpful as it allows developers to efficiently describe their needs at a high level of abstraction. To do, we propose, in this article, a model-driven engineering approach based on the Open Cloud Computing Interface(OCCI) standard metamodel and CloudSim toolkit. We firstly extend OCCI metamodel for the supporting simulation of any kind of cloud resources. Afterward, to illustrate the extensibility of our approach, we enrich the proposed metamodel by new simulation capabilities. As proof of concept, we study the elasticity and pricing strategies of Amazon Web Services (AWS). This article benefits from OCCIware Studio to design an OCCI simulation extension and to provide a simulation designer for designing cloud configurations to be simulated. We detail the approach process from defining an OCCI simulation extension until the generation and the simulation of the OCCI cloud configurations. Finally, we validate the proposed approach by providing a realistic experimentation to study its usability, the resources coverage rate and the cost. The results are compared with the ones computed from AWS.

Published
2022
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2. Authoring landscapes by combining ecosystem and terrain erosion simulation

Author

Guillaume Cordonnier, Marie-Paule Cani, Bedrich Benes, Eric Guérin, Adrien Peytavie, James Gain, Eric Galin, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Modélisation Géométrique, Géométrie Algorithmique, Fractales (GeoMod), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cape Town, Department of Computer Science [Purdue], Purdue University [West Lafayette], ERC, Fonds National pour la Société Numérique, ANR, NSF, ANR-16-CE33-0001,HDWorlds,Modèles procéduraux paramétriques pour la représentation d'univers virtuels complexes(2016), European Project: 291184,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,EXPRESSIVE(2012), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Exploit, Landscapes, Computer science, Interface (Java), Terrain, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Computer graphics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Ecosystem, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Vegetation, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 020207 software engineering, 15. Life on land, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Stochastic, Variety (cybernetics), Erosion, medicine.symptom, Simulation of Natural Phenomena, Vegetation (pathology), business
Abstract

The paper was presented at Siggraph 2017; International audience; We introduce a novel framework for interactive landscape authoring that supports bi-directional feedback between erosion and vegetation simulation. Vegetation and terrain erosion have strong mutual impact and their interplay innuences the overall realism of virtual scenes. Despite their importance, these complex interactions have been neglected in computer graphics. Our framework overcomes this by simulating the eeect of a variety of geomor-phological agents and the mutual interaction between diierent material and vegetation layers, including rock, sand, humus, grass, shrubs, and trees. Users are able to exploit these interactions with an authoring interface that consistently shapes the terrain and populates it with details. Our method, validated through side-by-side comparison with real terrains, can be used not only to generate realistic static landscapes, but also to follow the temporal evolution of a landscape over a few centuries.

Published
2017
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3. Efficient modeling of entangled details for natural scenes

Author

François Grosbellet, Jean-David Génevaux, Eric Galin, Adrien Peytavie, Eric Guérin, Modélisation Géométrique, Géométrie Algorithmique, Fractales (GeoMod), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), and Projet Papaya - Fonds national pour la société numérique

Subjects
Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Molecular graphics, Computer graphics, Vector graphics, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer vision, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, business.industry, Scientific visualization, 020207 software engineering, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Real-time computer graphics, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Graph (abstract data type), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Tile, Artificial intelligence, business, 2D computer graphics, 3D computer graphics
Abstract

Proceedings of Pacific Graphics 2016 (Okinawa); International audience; Digital landscape realism often comes from the multitude of details that are hard to model such as fallen leaves, rock piles orentangled fallen branches. In this article, we present a method for augmenting natural scenes with a huge amount of details suchas grass tufts, stones, leaves or twigs. Our approach takes advantage of the observation that those details can be approximatedby replications of a few similar objects and therefore relies on mass-instancing. We propose an original structure, the GhostTile, that stores a huge number of overlapping candidate objects in a tile, along with a pre-computed collision graph. Detailsare created by traversing the scene with the Ghost Tile and generating instances according to user-defined density fields thatallow to sculpt layers and piles of entangled objects while providing control over their density and distribution.

Published
2016
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4. Sparse representation of terrains for procedural modeling

Author

Eric Galin, Eric Guérin, Adrien Peytavie, Julie Digne, Modélisation Géométrique, Géométrie Algorithmique, Fractales (GeoMod), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Papaya - Fonds national pour la société numérique, and Plateforme Arches - LIRIS/GEOMOD

Subjects
Computer science, inverse procedural, Terrain, 02 engineering and technology, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS, terrain synthesis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer vision, procedural modelling, sparse representation, Representation (mathematics), Procedural modeling, terrain modelling, business.industry, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.5: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling, 020207 software engineering, Pattern recognition, Sparse approximation, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Sketch, Tree (data structure), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, terrain amplification, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we present a simple and efficient method to represent terrains as elevation functions built from linear combinationsof landform features (atoms). These features can be extracted either from real world data-sets or procedural primitives, orfrom any combination of multiple terrain models. Our approach consists in representing the elevation function as a sparsecombination of primitives, a concept which we call Sparse Construction Tree, which blends the different landform featuresstored in a dictionary. The sparse representation allows us to represent complex terrains using combinations of atoms from asmall dictionary, yielding a powerful and compact terrain representation and synthesis tool. Moreover, we present a methodfor automatically learning the dictionary and generating the Sparse Construction Tree model. We demonstrate the efficiency ofour method in several applications: inverse procedural modeling of terrains, terrain amplification and synthesis from a coarsesketch.

Published
2016
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5. Automatic Distributed Code Generation from Formal Models of Asynchronous Concurrent Processes

Author

Frédéric Lang, Hugues Evrard, Construction of verified concurrent systems (CONVECS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), This work was partly funded by the French Fonds national pour la Société Numérique (FSN), Pôles Minalogic, Systematic and SCS (project OpenCloudware).Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid'5000 testbed, supported by a scientific interest group hosted by Inria and including CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other organizations (see https://www.grid5000.fr)., Grid'5000, and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Programming language, Semantics (computer science), Computer science, Distributed computing, Concurrency, Process (computing), 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Asynchronous communication, 020204 information systems, Synchronization (computer science), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Code generation, Compiler, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], computer, Formal verification
Abstract

International audience; Formal process languages inheriting the concurrency and communication features of process algebras are convenient formalisms to model distributed applications, especially when they are equipped with formal verification tools (e.g., model-checkers) to help hunting for bugs early in the development process. However, even starting from a fully verified formal model, bugs are likely to be introduced while translating (generally by hand) the concurrent model —which relies on high-level and expressive communication primitives— into the distributed implementation —which often relies on low-level communication primitives. In this paper, we present DLC, a compiler that enables distributed code to be generated from models written in a formal process language called LNT, which is equipped with a rich verification toolbox named CADP. The generated code can be either executed in an autonomous way (i.e., without requiring additional code to be defined by the user), or connected to external software through user-modifiable C functions. We present an experiment where DLC generates a distributed implementation from the LNT model of the Raft consensus algorithm.

Published
2015

6. Mobile phone camera-based video scanning of paper documents

Author

Petra Gomez-Krämer, Jean-Marc Ogier, Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman, Laboratoire Informatique, Image et Interaction - EA 2118 (L3I), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir, 2012-2015, Masakazu Iwamura and Faisal Shafait, PiXL, Luqman, Muhammad Muzzamil, 'Fonds national pour la Société Numérique' of the French State by means of the 'Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir', and referenced under PIA-FSN2-PIXL, Masakazu Iwamura, and Faisal Shafait

Subjects
Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Image registration, 02 engineering and technology, Accelerometer, computer.software_genre, law.invention, [INFO.INFO-MC]Computer Science [cs]/Mobile Computing, [INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Camera-based document image analysis Document image mosaicing Image registration, Camera auto-calibration, law, 020204 information systems, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Feature descriptor, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer vision, Mobile phone camera, I.4.1, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Gyroscope, Optical character recognition, camera based document image analysis, Reconstruction method, [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, image registration, [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, document image mosaicing
Abstract

International audience; Mobile phone camera-based document video scan- ning is an interesting research problem which has entered into a new era with the emergence of widely used, processing capable and motion sensors equipped smartphones. We present our ongoing research on mobile phone camera-based document image mosaic reconstruction method for video scanning of paper documents. In this work, we have optimized the classic keypoint feature descriptor based image registration method, by employing the accelerometer and gyroscope sensor data. Experimental results are evaluated using optical character recognition (OCR) on the reconstructed mosaic from mobile phone camera-based video scanning of paper documents.

Published
2013
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7. Formal Verification of Distributed Branching Multiway Synchronization Protocols

Author

Frédéric Lang, Hugues Evrard, Construction of verified concurrent systems (CONVECS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was partly funded by the French Fonds national pour la Société Numérique (FSN), Pôles Minalogic, Systematic and SCS (project OpenCloudware)., Dirk Beyer, Michele Boreale, TC 6, WG 6.1, and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
Correctness, Programming language, Computer science, Distributed computing, 020207 software engineering, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], Deadlock, computer.software_genre, Formal methods, 01 natural sciences, ACM: D.: Software/D.2: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING/D.2.4: Software/Program Verification/D.2.4.4: Model checking, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Synchronization (computer science), ACM: D.: Software/D.2: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING/D.2.4: Software/Program Verification/D.2.4.3: Formal methods, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mutual exclusion, Formal verification, computer, Protocol (object-oriented programming), Semantic gap
Abstract

Part 6: Session 5: Model Checking; International audience; Distributed systems are hard to design, and formal methods help to find bugs early. Yet, there may still remain a semantic gap between a formal model and the actual distributed implementation, which is generally hand-written. Automated generation of distributed implementations requires an elaborate multiway synchronization protocol. In this paper, we explore how to verify correctness of such protocols. We generate formal models, written in the LNT language, of synchronization scenarios for three protocols and we use the CADP toolbox for automated formal verifications. We expose a bug leading to a deadlock in one protocol, and we discuss protocol extensions.

Published
2013

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