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1. Treating liquid anaerobic digestate using natural zeolite and Arthrospira platensis cyanobacteria: From laboratory to pilot-scale

Author

Marie-Ange Leca, Lucas Regnault, Cecilia Sambusiti, Florian Monlau, Yves Le Guer, and Jean-Baptiste Beigbeder

Subjects
Anaerobic digestion, Detoxification, Cyanobacteria, Ion-exchange, Zeolite, Slow-release fertilizer, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

Over the past decade, using liquid digestate as a nutrient source for microalgae cultivation has gained considerable attention. However, its high ammonium concentration and turbidity often inhibit algal growth. To address this, natural zeolite was explored as a novel approach to reduce digestate toxicity before microalgae cultivation at both laboratory and pilot-scales. Clinoptilolite, a type of natural zeolite, was applied in adsorption columns at a ratio of 0.5 kgzeolite.L-1 to treat 0.45 L of liquid digestate. After 24 h of treatment, ammonium levels decreased significantly from 2273 to 115 mgN.L-1, corresponding to a 95 % removal efficiency and an adsorption capacity of 4.31 mg.gzeolite-1. Arthrospira platensis demonstrated strong growth in the treated digestate with minimal dilution (≤5x), in contrast to the high dilution (≥20x) required for the untreated digestate. Laboratory-scale results were effectively scaled up to pilot scale, detoxifying 15.5 L of digestate with similar performances. The pretreated digestate was subsequently used as a culture medium for Arthrospira platensis in flat panel photobioreactors without further dilution, achieving a final concentration of 0.82 gDW.L-1 and a biomass productivity of 33 mg.L-1.d-1. These findings underscore the potential of natural zeolite in enhancing microalgae-based processes for digestate detoxification and CO2 mitigation.

Published
2024
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2. Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment for Enhancing Biomethane Production from Agro-Industrial, Agricultural and Catch Crop Biomasses

Author

Arthur Chevalier, Philippe Evon, Florian Monlau, Virginie Vandenbossche, and Cecilia Sambusiti

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, kinetics, lignocellulosic biomass, mechanical pretreatment, methane potential, twin-screw extrusion, Municipal refuse. Solid wastes, TD783-812.5
Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mechanical treatment through twin-screw extrusion for the enhancement of biomethane production. Four lignocellulosic biomasses (i.e., sweetcorn by-products, whole triticale, corn stover and wheat straw) were evaluated, and two different shear stress screw profiles were tested. Chemical composition, particle size reduction, tapped density and cellulose crystallinity were assessed to show the effect of extrusion pretreatment on substrate physico-chemical properties and their biochemical methane production (BMP) capacities. Both mechanical pretreatments allowed an increase in the proportion of particles with a diameter size less than 1 mm (from 3.7% to 72.7%). The most restrictive profile also allowed a significant solubilization of water soluble coumpounds, from 5.5% to 13%. This high-shear extrusion also revealed a reduction in cellulose crystallinity for corn stover (i.e., 8.6% reduction). Sweetcorn by-products revealed the highest BMP values (338–345 NmL/gVS), followed by corn stover (264–286 NmL/gVS), wheat straw (247–270 NmL/gVS) and whole triticale (233–247 NmL/gVS). However, no statistical improvement in maximal BMP production was provided by twin-screw extrusion. Nevertheless, BMP kinetic analysis proved that both extrusion pretreatments were able to increase the specific rate constant (from 13% to 56% for soft extrusion and from 66% to 107% for the high-shear one).

Published
2023
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3. A Detailed Database of the Chemical Properties and Methane Potential of Biomasses Covering a Large Range of Common Agricultural Biogas Plant Feedstocks

Author

Audrey Lallement, Christine Peyrelasse, Camille Lagnet, Abdellatif Barakat, Blandine Schraauwers, Samuel Maunas, and Florian Monlau

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, agricultural inputs, biochemical methane potential, biodegradability, lignocellulosic biomasses, manures, Municipal refuse. Solid wastes, TD783-812.5
Abstract

Agricultural biogas plants are increasingly being used in Europe as an alternative source of energy. To optimize the sizing and operation of existing or future biogas plants, a better knowledge of different feedstocks is needed. Our aim is to characterize 132 common agricultural feedstocks in terms of their chemical composition (proteins, fibers, elemental analysis, etc.) and biochemical methane potential shared in five families: agro-industrial products, silage and energy crops, lignocellulosic biomass, manure, and slurries. Among the families investigated, manures and slurries exhibited the highest ash and protein contents (10.3–13.7% DM). High variabilities in C/N were observed among the various families (19.5% DM for slurries and 131.7% DM for lignocellulosic biomass). Methane potentials have been reported to range from 63 Nm3 CH4/t VS (green waste) to 551 Nm3 CH4/t VS (duck slurry), with a mean value of 284 Nm3 CH4/t VS. In terms of biodegradability, lower values of 52% and 57% were reported for lignocelluloses biomasses and manures, respectively, due to their high fiber content, especially lignin. By contrast, animal slurries, silage, and energy crops exhibited a higher biodegradability of 70%. This database will be useful for project owners during the pre-study phases and during the operation of future agricultural biogas plants.

Published
2023
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5. Environmental Assessment of a Multifunctional Process Coupling Anaerobic Digestion and Pyrolysis

Author

Fanny Caiardi, Jean-Pierre Belaud, Claire Vialle, Florian Monlau, Saida Tayibi, Abdellatif Barakat, Abdallah Oukarroum, Youssef Zeroual, and Caroline Sablayrolles

Subjects
Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a waste treatment technology based on organic matter degradation by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. This process generates two valuables products, biogas and digestate. While biogas is recognized and exploited for its energy potential, digestate could be an interesting fertilizer thanks to its rich-nutrient composition. However, implementation of AD still raises concerns about energy transportation, consequences of digestate spreading and poor conversion to carbon during digestion. To overcome the issues linked to AD, to integrate anaerobic digestion with the pyrolysis of digestate is an innovate path. This study aims to analyze sustainability of a multifunctional process coupling anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis. The process is applied to the treatment of sewage sludge and quinoa residue in co-digestion. To evaluate environmental impacts, life cycle assessment (LCA) is realized from a cradle-to-gate perspective, using SimaPro software (V8.5.2) and Environmental Footprint EF 3.0 method. Results underline that the main contributor to environmental impacts is the treatment of bio-oil, a pyrolysis product, while other impacts could be counterbalance thanks to energy production.

Published
2021
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6. Impact of Operational Factors, Inoculum Origin, and Feedstock Preservation on the Biochemical Methane Potential

Author

Audrey Lallement, Aline Siaud, Christine Peyrelasse, Prasad Kaparaju, Blandine Schraauwers, Samuel Maunas, and Florian Monlau

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, inoculum origin, feedstock conservation, kinetic rate, Technology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Anaerobic digestion for the valorization of organic wastes into biogas is gaining worldwide interest. Nonetheless, the sizing of the biogas plant units require knowledge of the quantity of feedstock, and their associated methane potentials, estimated widely by Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests. Discrepancies exist among laboratories due to variability of protocols adopted and operational factors used. The aim of this study is to verify the influence of some operational factors (e.g., analysis frequency, trace elements and vitamins solution addition and flushing gas), feedstock conservation and the source of inoculum on BMP. Among the operational parameters tested on cellulose degradation, only the type of gas used for flushing headspace of BMP assays had shown a significant influence on methane yields from cellulose. Methane yields of 344 ± 6 NL CH4 kg−1 VS and 321 ± 10 NL CH4 kg−1 VS obtained from assays flushed with pure N2 and N2/CO2 (60/40 v/v). The origin of inoculum (fed in co-digestion) only significantly affected the methane yields for straw, 253 ± 3 and 333 ± 3 NL CH4 kg−1 VS. Finally, freezing/thawing cycle effect depended of the substrate (tested on biowaste, manure, straw and WWTP sludge) with a possible effect of water content substrate.

Published
2021
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7. Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater Sludge and Alkaline-Pretreated Wheat Straw at Semi-Continuous Pilot Scale: Performances and Energy Assessment

Author

Christine Peyrelasse, Abdellatif Barakat, Camille Lagnet, Prasad Kaparaju, and Florian Monlau

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, batch tests, semi-continuous pilot, pretreatment, energy assessment, Technology
Abstract

During the last decade, the application of pretreatment has been investigated to enhance methane production from lignocellulosic biomass such as wheat straw (WS). Nonetheless, most of these studies were conducted in laboratory batch tests, potentially hiding instability problems or inhibition, which may fail in truly predicting full-scale reactor performance. For this purpose, the effect of an alkaline pretreatment on process performance and methane yields from WS (0.10 g NaOH g−1 WS at 90 °C for 1 h) co-digested with fresh wastewater sludge was evaluated in a pilot-scale reactor (20 L). Results showed that alkaline pretreatment resulted in better delignification (44%) and hemicellulose solubilization (62%) compared to untreated WS. Pilot-scale study showed that the alkaline pretreatment improved the methane production (261 ± 3 Nm3 CH4 t−1 VS) compared to untreated WS (201 ± 6 Nm3 CH4 t−1 VS). Stable process without any inhibition was observed and a high alkalinity was maintained in the reactor due to the NaOH used for pretreatment. The study thus confirms that alkaline pretreatment is a promising technology for full-scale application and could improve the overall economic benefits for biogas plant at 24 EUR t−1 VS treated, improve the energy recovery per unit organic matter, reduce the digestate volume and its disposal costs.

Published
2021
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8. Production of Microalgal Slow-Release Fertilizer by Valorizing Liquid Agricultural Digestate: Growth Experiments with Tomatoes

Author

Raquel Jimenez, Giorgos Markou, Saida Tayibi, Abdellatif Barakat, Camille Chapsal, and Florian Monlau

Subjects
circular economy, growth plant tests, nutrients leaching, nutrients recycling, photo-bioreactor, slow released fertilizer, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a process that is well-known and fast-developing in Europe. AD generates large amounts of digestate, especially in livestock-intensive areas. Digestate has potential environmental issues due to nutrients (such as nitrogen) lixiviation or volatilization. Using liquid digestate as a nutrient source for microalgae growth is considered beneficial because digestate could be valorized and upgraded by the production of an added value product. In this work, microalgal biomass produced using liquid digestate from an agricultural biogas plant was investigated as a slow-release fertilizer in tomatoes. Monoraphidium sp. was first cultivated at different dilutions (1:20, 1:30, 1:50), in indoor laboratory-scale trials. The optimum dilution factor was determined to be 1:50, with a specific growth rate of 0.13 d−1 and a complete nitrogen removal capacity in 25 days of culture. Then, outdoor experiments were conducted in a 110 dm3 vertical, closed photobioreactors (PBRs) in batch and semi-continuous mode with 1:50 diluted liquid digestate. During the batch mode, the microalgae were able to remove almost all NH4+ and 65 (±13) % of PO43−, while the microalgal growth rate reached 0.25 d−1. After the batch mode, the cultures were switched to operate under semi-continuously conditions. The cell densities were maintained at 1.3 × 107 cells mL−1 and a biomass productivity around 38.3 mg TSS L−1 d−1 during three weeks was achieved, where after that it started to decline due to unfavorable weather conditions. Microalgae biomass was further tested as a fertilizer for tomatoes growth, enhancing by 32% plant growth in terms of dry biomass compared with the control trials (without fertilization). Similar performances were achieved in tomato growth using synthetic fertilizer or digestate. Finally, the leaching effect in soils columns without plant was tested and after 25 days, only 7% of N was leached when microalgae were used, against 50% in the case of synthetic fertilizer.

Published
2020
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9. Comparison of Dry Versus Wet Milling to Improve Bioethanol or Methane Recovery from Solid Anaerobic Digestate

Author

Florian Monlau, Cecilia Sambusiti, and Abdellatif Barakat

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, solid digestate, milling process, sugars recovery, energy balances, bioethanol production, Technology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Biogas plants for waste treatment valorization are presently experiencing rapid development, especially in the agricultural sector, where large amounts of digestate are being generated. In this study, we investigated the effect of vibro-ball milling (VBM) for 5 and 30 min at a frequency of 20 s−1 on the physicochemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis (30 U g−1 total solids (TS) of cellulase and endo-1,4-xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum) of dry and wet solid separated digestates from an agricultural biogas plant. We found that VBM of dry solid digestate improved the physical parameters as both the particle size and the crystallinity index (from 27% to 75%) were reduced. By contrast, VBM of wet solid digestate had a minimal effect on the physicochemical parameters. The best results in terms of cellulose and hemicelluloses hydrolysis were noted for 30 min of VBM of dry solid digestate, with hydrolysis yields of 64% and 85% for hemicelluloses and cellulose, respectively. At the condition of 30 min of VBM, bioethanol and methane production on the dry solid separated digestate was investigated. Bioethanol fermentation by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation resulted in an ethanol yield of 98 geth kg−1 TS (corresponding to 90% of the theoretical value) versus 19 geth kg−1 TS for raw solid digestate. Finally, in terms of methane potential, VBM for 30 min lead to an increase of the methane potential of 31% compared to untreated solid digestate.

Published
2019
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10. Mechano-Enzymatic Deconstruction with a New Enzymatic Cocktail to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Bioethanol Fermentation of Two Macroalgae Species

Author

Sameh Amamou, Cecilia Sambusiti, Florian Monlau, Eric Dubreucq, and Abdellatif Barakat

Subjects
bioethanol, enzymatic hydrolysis, macroalgae, mechanical pretreatment, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the efficiency of a mechano-enzymatic deconstruction of two macroalgae species for sugars and bioethanol production, by using a new enzymatic cocktail (Haliatase) and two types of milling modes (vibro-ball: VBM and centrifugal milling: CM). By increasing the enzymatic concentration from 3.4 to 30 g/L, the total sugars released after 72 h of hydrolysis increased (from 6.7 to 13.1 g/100 g TS and from 7.95 to 10.8 g/100 g TS for the green algae U. lactuca and the red algae G. sesquipedale, respectively). Conversely, total sugars released from G. sesquipedale increased (up to 126% and 129% after VBM and CM, respectively). The best bioethanol yield (6 geth/100 g TS) was reached after 72 h of fermentation of U. lactuca and no increase was obtained after centrifugal milling. The latter led to an enhancement of the ethanol yield of G. sesquipedale (from 2 to 4 g/100 g TS).

Published
2018
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11. Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover using twin‐screw extrusion under mild conditions

Author

Doha Elalami, Mouna Aouine, Florian Monlau, Fabienne Guillon, Claire Dumon, Guillermina Hernandez Raquet, Abdellatif Barakat, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah - Fès [Université de Taza] (USMBA), APESA Cap Ecologia [Lescar], APESA [Pau], Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Biofuel, Extrusion, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Bioengineering, Biomass, Pretreatment, Biorefinery, Enzymes
Abstract

International audience; This paper aims to investigate the effect of extrusion at high solid loading on corn stover (CS) properties and its enzymatic hydrolysis. This biomass was extruded under different screw speeds and different solid loadings and the impact of these parameters on physicochemical properties was evaluated. It was found that lignocellulosic components were not significantly affected by the pretreatment, while surface area increased with solid loading and rotation speed. Different enzyme cocktails were used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of extruded and untreated CS. Overall, mild twin-extrusion enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover through an increase in glucose and xylose yields by 134-212% and 214-294% respectively when using T. longibrachiatum cellulase. The highest sugar content was obtained from CS extruded under 400 g total solids (TS) per liter and 200 rpm. The energy efficiency of the pretreatment was also assessed and was found to be maximal at 400 gTS/L and 200 rpm.

Published
2022
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13. Reduction of the environmental footprint of thermo‐alkali pretreatment by reusing black liquor during anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomasses

Author

Christine Peyrelasse, Melissa Marques, Audrey Lallement, Florian Monlau, and Prasad Kaparaju

Subjects
Reduction (complexity), Anaerobic digestion, Ecological footprint, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Economic analysis, Bioengineering, Reuse, Alkali metal, Pulp and paper industry, Manure, Black liquor
Published
2021
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14. Production and Dry Mechanochemical Activation of Biochars Derived from Moroccan Red Macroalgae Residue and Olive Pomace Biomass for Treating Wastewater: Thermodynamic, Isotherm, and Kinetic Studies

Author

Emna Abdeljaoued, Saida Tayibi, Youssef Zeroual, Nour-Elhouda Fayoud, Florian Monlau, Abdallah Oukarroum, Abdellatif Barakat, Hassane Hannache, APESA [Pau], Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik [Casablanca], Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Groupe OCP, ATLASS Project (OCP group, INRAE Montpellier, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University and APESA technological center), ANR-17-ARM2-0008,PYRODIGEST,Transformation des déchets de l'industrie oléicole via un procédé combiné de pyrolyse et de digestion anaérobie: production d'énergie, de produits à valeur ajoutée et de fertilisants(2017), European Project: 618127,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2013-RTD,ARIMNET2(2014), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P)

Subjects
biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Pomace, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Pulp and paper industry, 01 natural sciences, Article, 6. Clean water, Residue (chemistry), Algae, Wastewater, 0210 nano-technology, QD1-999, Ball mill, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; This study aimed to produce activated biochars (BCs) from Moroccan algae residue (AG) and olive pomace (OP) using mechanochemical activation with NaOH and ball milling (BM) for treating artificial textile wastewater containing methylene blue (MeB). The produced OP-activated BC by BM showed the highest absolute value of zeta-potential (-59.7 mV) and high removal efficiency of MeB compared to other activated BCs. The nonlinear pseudo-first-order kinetic model was the most suitable model to describe the kinetics of adsorption of MeB onto biochars produced from AG and the NaOH-activated BC from OP, whereas the nonlinear pseudo-second-order kinetic model suits the OP raw biochar and BM-activated BC. The nonlinear Langmuir isotherm model was the most suitable model for describing MeB adsorption onto BCs, compared to the nonlinear Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of AG-activated BCs with NaOH and BM were 13.1 and 9.1 mg/g, respectively, while those of OP-activated BCs were 2.6 and 31.8 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic study indicates the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process of most activated BCs. In addition, Delta S degrees values indicate the increase of randomness at the solid-liquid interface during MeB sorption onto BC.

Published
2020
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15. Evaluation of agronomic properties of digestate from macroalgal residues anaerobic digestion: Impact of pretreatment and co-digestion with waste activated sludge

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Doha Elalami, Céline Charbonnel, Abdallah Oukarroum, Florian Monlau, Karima Abdelouahdi, Hélène Carrère, Youssef Zeroual, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), APESA [Pau], Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Groupe OCP, and Cherifian Office for Phosphates through ATLASS project

Subjects
020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Soil, Alkali pretreatment, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bioreactors, Fertilizer, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Dry matter, Anaerobiosis, Waste Management and Disposal, Milling, Plant growth, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Sewage, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, Biogas yield, food and beverages, Seaweed, Pulp and paper industry, 6. Clean water, Anaerobic digestion, Waste treatment, Activated sludge, Biofuels, Digestate, engineering, Sludge
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of pretreating macroalgal residue (MAR) from agar-agar extraction and its co-digestion with sewage sludge on methane production and the agronomic quality of the digestates produced. First, different pretreatments were assessed on BMP tests. Among milling technologies used, knife milling with a 4 mm-screen improved methane production by 25%. The MAR was then knife milled before alkaline, acid and thermal pretreatment. KOH pretreatment (5% TS basis, 25 °C for 2 days) led to the highest methane improvement. It was applied to semi-continuous anaerobic digestion and methane production achieved 237 Nml/gVS which was 20% higher than the control (198 Nml/gVS). In comparison to MAR mono-digestion, co-digestion with thickened activated sludge produced less methane (184 Nml/gVS) but reduced H2S emission by 91%. None of the digestates was toxic for the germination or growth of wheat and tomato plants. Particularly, co-digestion had the highest impact on tomato plant dry weight (+94% compared to soil alone) mainly due to the phosphorous brought by sludge. However, the impact of alkaline pretreatment on plant growth was not significant.

Published
2020
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16. Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater Sludge and Alkaline-Pretreated Wheat Straw at Semi-Continuous Pilot Scale: Performances and Energy Assessment

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Camille Lagnet, Florian Monlau, Christine Peyrelasse, Prasad Kaparaju, APESA Cap Ecologia [Lescar], APESA [Pau], Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Griffith University [Brisbane], and Nouvelle Aquitaine region, grant number 19R04

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, Technology, Control and Optimization, 020209 energy, Alkalinity, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Lignocellulosic biomass, batch tests, semi-continuous pilot, pretreatment, energy assessment, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biogas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Organic matter, Hemicellulose, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Straw, Pulp and paper industry, 6. Clean water, Anaerobic digestion, 13. Climate action, Digestate, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

During the last decade, the application of pretreatment has been investigated to enhance methane production from lignocellulosic biomass such as wheat straw (WS). Nonetheless, most of these studies were conducted in laboratory batch tests, potentially hiding instability problems or inhibition, which may fail in truly predicting full-scale reactor performance. For this purpose, the effect of an alkaline pretreatment on process performance and methane yields from WS (0.10 g NaOH g−1 WS at 90 °C for 1 h) co-digested with fresh wastewater sludge was evaluated in a pilot-scale reactor (20 L). Results showed that alkaline pretreatment resulted in better delignification (44%) and hemicellulose solubilization (62%) compared to untreated WS. Pilot-scale study showed that the alkaline pretreatment improved the methane production (261 ± 3 Nm3 CH4 t−1 VS) compared to untreated WS (201 ± 6 Nm3 CH4 t−1 VS). Stable process without any inhibition was observed and a high alkalinity was maintained in the reactor due to the NaOH used for pretreatment. The study thus confirms that alkaline pretreatment is a promising technology for full-scale application and could improve the overall economic benefits for biogas plant at 24 EUR t−1 VS treated, improve the energy recovery per unit organic matter, reduce the digestate volume and its disposal costs.

Published
2021
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17. Industrial symbiosis of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis: Performances and agricultural interest of coupling biochar and liquid digestate

Author

Frederic Marias, Florian Monlau, Saida Tayibi, Adil Alboulkas, Nicolas Thevenin, Raquel Jimenez, Abdallah Oukarroum, Youssef Zeroual, Abdellatif Barakat, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), APESA Cap Ecologia [Lescar], APESA [Pau], Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik [Casablanca], Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), LABORATOIRE DE THERMIQUE ENERGETIQUE ET PROCEDES (EA1932) (LATEP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), RITTMO Agroenvironnement (RITTMO), Université Sultan Moulay Slimane (USMS ), Groupe OCP, and Cherifian Office for Phosphates (OCP group) for funding the ATLASS project

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Mineralization, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bio-oil, Biogas, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 12. Responsible consumption, Anaerobic digestion, Biochar, Environmental Chemistry, Plant growth tests, Anaerobiosis, Symbiosis, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Synga, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Ammonia volatilization from urea, Biorefinery, Pulp and paper industry, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Biofuels, Charcoal, Digestate, Pyrolysis, Methane, Syngas
Abstract

International audience; The sustainability of the anaerobic digestion industry is closely related to proper digestate disposal. In this study, an innovative cascading biorefinery concept coupling anaerobic digestion and subsequent pyrolysis of the digestate was investigated with the aim of enhancing the energy recovery and improving the fertilizers from organic wastes. Continuous anaerobic co-digestion of quinoa residues with wastewater sludge (45/55% VS) exhibited good stability and a methane production of 219 NL CH4/kg VS. Subsequent pyrolysis of the solid digestate was carried out (at 500 °C, 1 h, and 10 °C/min), resulting in a products distribution of 40 wt% biochar, 36 wt% bio-oil, and 24 wt% syngas. The organic phase (OP) of bio-oil and syngas exhibited higher and lower heating values of 34 MJ/kg and 11.8 MJ/Nm3, respectively. The potential synergy of coupling biochar with liquid digestate (LD) for agronomic purposes was investigated. Interestingly, coupling LD (at 170 kg N/ha) with biochar (at 25 tons/ha) improved the growth of tomato plants up to 25% compared to LD application alone. In parallel, co-application of biochar with LD significantly increased the ammonia volatilization (by 64%) compared to LD application alone, although their simultaneous use did not impact the C and N mineralization rates.

Published
2021
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18. Contributors

Author

Kaoutar Aboudi, Pradip Adhikari, Banafsha Ahmed, Carlos José Álvarez-Galleg, Brahim Arhoun, Nabin Aryal, Abdelkarim Aydi, Mohammed Bakraoui, Abdellatif Barakat, Elli Maria Barampouti, Hassan El Bari, Gabriel Capson-Tojo, Beatriz de Diego-Díaz, Brajesh Kumar Dubey, Doha Elalami, Renaud Escudié, Luis Alberto Fernández-Güelfo, Juana Fernández-Rodríguez, Pallavi Gahlot, Anish Ghimire, Yasser El Gnaoui, Cesar Gomez-Lahoz, Moktar Hamdi, Rattana Jariyaboon, N. Jawiarczyk, Teofil Jesionowski, Prasad Kaparaju, Fadoua Karouach, Abid Ali Khan, Prabhat Khanal, Sireethorn Khaonuan, Anwar Khursheed, Prawit Kongjan, Audrey Lallement, Maria Loizidou, Sofia Mai, Rachad El Mail, Dimitris Malamis, Rosa Marchetti, Oluchi Mbachu, Florian Monlau, Konstantinos Moustakas, H.M. Berdasco Muñoz, Long D. Nghiem, Luong Ngoc Nguyen, Sompong O-Thong, Debasree Purkayastha, Alissara Reungsang, Angel Robles, Luis Isidoro Romero-García, Faten Saidane, Sudipta Sarkar, Hari Bhakta Sharma, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Kine Svensson, M. Eugenia Tapia-Martín, Ahmed Tawfik, Vinay Kumar Tyagi, Nikannapas Usmanbaha, Jules B. van Lier, Ciro Vasmara, A. Medina Vaya, Saikrishna Venna, Raffaella Villa, Maria Villen-Guzman, Hang P. Vu, Kaouther Zaafouri, and Jakub Zdarta

Published
2021
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19. Anaerobic digestion of bioplastics

Author

Ciro Vasmara, Rosa Marchetti, Audrey Lallement, Oluchi Mbachu, Florian Monlau, and Prasad Kaparaju

Subjects
Anaerobic digestion, Environmental science, Degradation (geology), Environmental pollution, Biodegradation, Social acceptance, Pulp and paper industry, Anaerobic exercise, Bioplastic, Management practices
Abstract

Plastic waste has become ubiquitous due to its low-cost production and single-use and disposal management practices. To limit environmental pollution, biodegradable plastics were developed. In this chapter, anaerobic degradation of the bioplastics is presented. After a brief overview of the anaerobic degradation process, processes to evaluate the degradation of bioplastics and the factors that affect anaerobic degradation of bioplastics are presented. Anaerobic biodegradation under thermophilic condition is found feasible albeit slow degradation. Therefore pretreatment of bioplastics prior to digestion is essential to improve the biodegradability. Standards regulating biomethanization of packaging wastes exist. However, threshold levels of biodegradability in terms of temperature, process time. and percentage of degradation are still lacking. Finally, normalization/certification should be developed and harmonized at the international level to improve social acceptance. Thus anaerobic digestion can play a crucial role as an end-of-life viable solution for management of biodegradable plastics.

Published
2021
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20. Production of Microalgal Slow-Release Fertilizer by Valorizing Liquid Agricultural Digestate: Growth Experiments with Tomatoes

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Florian Monlau, Raquel Jimenez, Saida Tayibi, Giorgos Markou, Camille Chapsal, APESA [Pau], Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO Demeter), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), and Nouvelle Aquitaine region (FRANCE), grant number 19R04

Subjects
020209 energy, Photobioreactor, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, Monoraphidium, lcsh:Chemistry, nutrients leaching, Biogas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, slow released fertilizer, photo-bioreactor, Leaching (agriculture), Instrumentation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, biology, lcsh:T, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Process Chemistry and Technology, circular economy, General Engineering, growth plant tests, biology.organism_classification, Pulp and paper industry, nutrients recycling, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, Anaerobic digestion, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, Digestate, engineering, Environmental science, Fertilizer, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a process that is well-known and fast-developing in Europe. AD generates large amounts of digestate, especially in livestock-intensive areas. Digestate has potential environmental issues due to nutrients (such as nitrogen) lixiviation or volatilization. Using liquid digestate as a nutrient source for microalgae growth is considered beneficial because digestate could be valorized and upgraded by the production of an added value product. In this work, microalgal biomass produced using liquid digestate from an agricultural biogas plant was investigated as a slow-release fertilizer in tomatoes. Monoraphidium sp. was first cultivated at different dilutions (1:20, 1:30, 1:50), in indoor laboratory-scale trials. The optimum dilution factor was determined to be 1:50, with a specific growth rate of 0.13 d&minus, 1 and a complete nitrogen removal capacity in 25 days of culture. Then, outdoor experiments were conducted in a 110 dm3 vertical, closed photobioreactors (PBRs) in batch and semi-continuous mode with 1:50 diluted liquid digestate. During the batch mode, the microalgae were able to remove almost all NH4+ and 65 (&plusmn, 13) % of PO43&minus, while the microalgal growth rate reached 0.25 d&minus, 1. After the batch mode, the cultures were switched to operate under semi-continuously conditions. The cell densities were maintained at 1.3 &times, 107 cells mL&minus, 1 and a biomass productivity around 38.3 mg TSS L&minus, 1 d&minus, 1 during three weeks was achieved, where after that it started to decline due to unfavorable weather conditions. Microalgae biomass was further tested as a fertilizer for tomatoes growth, enhancing by 32% plant growth in terms of dry biomass compared with the control trials (without fertilization). Similar performances were achieved in tomato growth using synthetic fertilizer or digestate. Finally, the leaching effect in soils columns without plant was tested and after 25 days, only 7% of N was leached when microalgae were used, against 50% in the case of synthetic fertilizer.

Published
2020
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21. Coupling anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis processes for maximizing energy recovery and soil preservation according to the circular economy concept

Author

Nour-Elhouda Fayoud, Guillaume Cazaudehore, Frederic Marias, Florian Monlau, Abdallah Oukarroum, Youssef Zeroual, Saida Tayibi, Abdellatif Barakat, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), APESA Cap Ecologia [Lescar], APESA [Pau], Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), LABORATOIRE DE THERMIQUE ENERGETIQUE ET PROCEDES (EA1932) (LATEP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Groupe OCP, Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP group, https://www.ocpgroup.ma/) for funding the agronomic trials through the ATLASS project, European Project: 688338,H2020,H2020-WASTE-2015-two-stage,NoAW(2016), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), and Laboratoire de Génie Thermique Énergétique et Procédés (EA1932) (LATEP)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Soil, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Biogas, Biochar, Anaerobiosis, Leaching (agriculture), Charcoal, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Chemistry, food and beverages, Agriculture, General Medicine, Pulp and paper industry, 020801 environmental engineering, Anaerobic digestion, visual_art, Digestate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Pyrolysis
Abstract

International audience; After press separation of the liquid and solid digestate from an agricultural biogas plant, pyrolysis of solid anaerobic digestate was carried out (i.e., at 500 • C, 1h, and 10 • C/min) to produce biochar (37.6 wt%), bio-oil (33.7 wt%) and syngas (29.3 wt%). The organic phase of bio-oil and syngas exhibited high and low heating values of 28.4 MJ/kg and 12.9 MJ/Nm 3 , respectively. Then, the synergy of coupling biochar with liquid digestate for agronomic purposes was investigated by leaching experiment and growth plant tests on wheat. Leaching experiments using combination of liquid digestate (170 kg N/ha) and biochar demonstrated that biochar addition increases the cumulative leaching of all nutrients, except nitrate, that have a significant decrease of 82% and 91%, respectively at 50 and 100 t/ha, compared to soil treated only with liquid digestate. The co-application of biochar with liquid digestate on growth wheat plant tests demonstrated that biochar application at 50 t/ha did not exhibit a negative impact on the relative seed germination and improved aerial dry biomass production (up to 27.5%) compared to soil with only liquid digestate addition.

Published
2020
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22. Bibliometric analysis of the evolution of biochar research trends and scientific production

Author

Emna Abdeljaoued, Abdellatif Barakat, Dimitris Manolakos, Mathieu Brulé, Abdallah Oukarroum, Saida Tayibi, Florian Monlau, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Agricultural University of Athens, APESA Cap Ecologia [Lescar], APESA [Pau], European Project: 618127,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2013-RTD,ARIMNET2(2014), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Environmental Engineering, 020209 energy, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Valorization, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Diversification (marketing strategy), 01 natural sciences, Economic indicator, Biochar, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Regional science, Environmental Chemistry, Production (economics), Bibliométrie analyse, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Estimation, Sustainable development, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Compound annual growth rate, General Business, Management and Accounting, Literature, Keyword analysis, Pyrolysis, Diversity (business)
Abstract

International audience; Biochar has caught great attention over the last decade, yielding a large number of publications in a broad range of disciplines. This scientometric study produces a combined qualitative–quantitative assessment of 10,000 publications recorded in the period 2005–2019 in the Web of Science (WoS) database, based on innovative methods and indicators, and focusing in particular on biochar production and valorization pathways. The cumulated number of publications was analyzed with power and logistic models, and the economic indicator CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) for the estimation of future academic output. Mapping of the evolution of academic output revealed the worldwide diffusion of academic production toward many countries and continents. According to the analysis of collaboration networks of most productive countries, the development of academic output may be linked to high levels of international collaboration, as well as the diversity of these networks. Furthermore, the rise of academic output in the African continent may preclude an evolution toward a multipolar academic world. The average number of citations per paper at both author level (number of citations/number of papers) and journal level (total citations/total papers) was found to be a useful indicator of scientific productivity. In particular, academic journals with impact factors as low as 2.5–3 still ranked high on this criterion, revealing their high impact on academic research in the biochar sector. Finally, the analysis of targeted keywords co-occurrences emphasized the diversification of research on biochar applications, from its initial use as soil improver toward engineered biochar for versatile applications.

Published
2020
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23. Methane production and active microbial communities during anaerobic digestion of three commercial biodegradable coffee capsules under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions

Author

Florian Monlau, Claire Gassie, Rémy Guyoneaud, A. Lallement, G. Cazaudehore, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APESA Cap Ecologia [Lescar], APESA [Pau], ANRT, and Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra-Poctefa 2014–2020

Subjects
Methane potential, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Microorganism, Anaerobic microflora, Capsules, 010501 environmental sciences, Coffee, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Methane, 12. Responsible consumption, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bioreactors, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Anaerobic digester, Environmental Chemistry, Anaerobiosis, Food science, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sewage, Tepidimicrobium, Microbiota, Thermophile, Temperature, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Biodegradation, Biodegradable plastic, Pollution, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Anaerobic digestion, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Microbial population biology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Mesophile
Abstract

International audience; Biodegradable plastics market is increasing these last decades, including for coffee capsules. Anaerobic digestion, as a potential end-of-life scenario for plastic waste, has to be investigated. For this purpose, mesophilic (38 °C) and thermophilic (58 °C) anaerobic digestion tests on three coffee capsules made up with biodegradable plastic (Beanarella®, Launay® or Tintoretto®) and spent coffee (control) were compared by their methane production and the microbial communities active during the process. Mesophilic biodegradation of the capsules was slow and did not reach completion after 100 days, methane production ranged between 67 and 127 NL (CH4) kg−1 (VS). Thermophilic anaerobic digestion resulted in a better biodegradation and reached completion around 100 days, methane productions were between 257 and 294 NL (CH4) kg−1 (VS). The microbial populations from the reactors fed with plastics versus spent coffee grounds were significantly different, under both the mesophilic and the thermophilic conditions. However, the different biodegradable plastics only had a small impact on the main microbial community composition at a similar operational temperature and sampling time. Interestingly, the genus Tepidimicrobium was identified as a potential key microorganisms involved in the thermophilic conversion of biodegradable plastic in methane.

Published
2021
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24. One-pot activation and pyrolysis of Moroccan Gelidium sesquipedale red macroalgae residue: production of an efficient adsorbent biochar

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Saida Tayibi, Abdallah Oukarroum, Youssef Zeroual, Florian Monlau, Nour-Elhouda Fayoud, Hassan Hannache, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), APESA Cap Ecologia [Lescar], APESA [Pau], and Groupe OCP

Subjects
Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, Slow pyrolysis, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Biochar, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, Sorption, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Chemical activation, Pollution, Red macroalgae residue, Activated charcoal, 0210 nano-technology, Gelidium sesquipedale, Pyrolysis, Methylene blue, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

One-pot chemical activation and pyrolysis process was developed for biochar production from red macroalgae residue of Gelidium sesquipedale. The macroalgae residue was activated by various catalysts (KOH, NaOH, H3PO4, and CH4ON2) with the two concentrations (2.5 wt% and 5 wt%) using a pulverization system followed by slow pyrolysis at 500 °C. The activated biochars showed a porous morphology with an increase of water holding capacity compared to the unactivated one. The properties of activated biochar observed by further characterization (i.e., FTIR, SEM, TGA) revealed their feasibility to be used as an adsorbent. The results of adsorption experiment confirmed that adsorption was dependent not only on the surface area but also on the surface charge, and functional groups. The sorption performance of activated biochars (AcBC), in terms of the adsorption of methylene blue, was comparable to commercial activated charcoal (Norit®). NaOH (2.5 wt%)-activated biochar had the removal efficiency of 87% versus 97% for commercial activated charcoal.

Published
2019
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25. Contributors

Author

Helena M. Amaro, Lorenzo Ferrari Assú Tessari, Olivier Bernard, Thallada Bhaskar, Bijoy Biswas, Sai Kishore Butti, A. Catarina Guedes, Rashmi Chandra, Jo-Shu Chang, Tawan Chatsungnoen, Yi-Di Chen, Chun-Yen Chen, Yusuf Chisti, Pierre Collet, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, Júlio Cesar de Carvalho, Bárbara Catarina Bastos Freitas, Michele Greque Morais, Su-Chiung Fang, F.G. Acién Fernández, Emilio Molina Grima, Arnaud Hélias, Shih-Hsin Ho, I-Chen Hu, Susan Grace Karp, Choon Gek Khoo, Gerhard Knothe, Man Kee Lam, Laurent Lardon, Duu-Jong Lee, Keat Teong Lee, Luiz Alberto Junior Letti, Fei-Yu Liu, Giorgos Markou, Bryan Gregory Mitchell, Florian Monlau, Marjorie Morales, Dillirani Nagarajan, Carlos José Dalmas Neto, Gregory W. O’Neil, M. Prathima Devi, Wen-Ying Qu, K. Rajesh, Christopher M. Reddy, M.V. Rohit, Thaisa Duarte Santos, José María Fernández Sevilla, Kuan-Yeow Show, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Isabel Sousa-Pinto, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney, Alessandra Cristine Novak Sydney, S. Venkata Mohan, G. Venkata Subhash, Francisco Menino Destéfanis Vítola, Yue Wang, F. Xavier Malcata, Yue-Gen Yan, and Hong-Wei Yen

Published
2019
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26. Pretreatment and co-digestion of wastewater sludge for biogas production: Recent research advances and trends

Author

Abdallah Oukarroum, Doha Elalami, Karima Abdelouahdi, Abdellatif Barakat, Hélène Carrère, Florian Monlau, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle Valorisation, APESA, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Municipal solid waste, 020209 energy, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, effluent agroindustriel, Co-digestion, 7. Clean energy, boue résiduaire, 12. Responsible consumption, Anaerobic digestion, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Organic matter, chemistry.chemical_classification, Waste management, sewage sludge, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Biodegradable waste, pretreatment, biogaz, Process combination, 6. Clean water, chemistry, codigestion, 13. Climate action, Digestate, Environmental science, dégradation de la matière organique, prétraitement, Valorisation, Pyrolysis
Abstract

Currently, sludge is not considered as a waste any more, since it is capable of producing valuable products. Besides land disposal and thermochemical processes (i.e. pyrolysis, combustion, gasification), biological processes appear as promising valorisation routes to treat wastewater sludge efficiently. Anaerobic digestion (AD) processes are already being applied at industrial scales for the effective disposal and valorisation of sludge. However, methane yields from sludge anaerobic digestion remain low compared to other types of organic waste. Thus, pretreatment and co-digestion contribute to improve the degradability of organic matter and methane potential of sludge, respectively. This paper reviews the recent achievements in sludge pretreatment and co-digestion with other substrates such as the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, fatty waste, lignocellulosic and algal biomass. Furthermore, recent studies combining co-digestion and pretreatment are examined. The paper also provides recommendations to better manage sludge recovery by taking into account multiple aspects such as techno-economic feasibility, the effect of pretreatment on both the physico-chemical properties of sludge and the quality of digestate. The socio-environmental and legislative aspects are also essential in order to ensure the sustainability of the process.

Published
2019
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27. Nutrient recycling for sustainable production of algal biofuels

Author

Giorgos Markou and Florian Monlau

Subjects
Nutrient cycle, Waste management, business.industry, Biofuel, Fossil fuel, Production (economics), Biomass, Environmental science, Reuse, Raw material, business, Biorefinery
Abstract

Microalgae are an interesting new generation feedstock for the production of biofuels. However, their production costs are currently much higher than fossil fuels, restricting their commercial production. Among the various production processes, the consumption of fertilizers (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) contributes significantly to the total production costs. Moreover, it is projected that the use of industrially manufactured fertilizers will outcome in an unsustainable process, also raising competition between biofuels and food-crops for nutrient availability. To improve the economics and the sustainability of microalgal biofuels, an approach for recycling of nutrients from waste streams should be established, in order to apply nutrients from waste/wastewater at low cost, and to avoid using industrially manufactured fertilizers. For this purpose, a closed-loop production scheme should be developed, in which a series of technologies will be employed in order to obtain the main products (biofuels and other biorefinery products) along with a stream rich in spent nutrients for their reuse for further microalgae cultivation and biomass production.

Published
2019
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28. Contribution to Circular Economy options of mixed agricultural wastes management: Coupling anaerobic digestion with gasification for enhanced energy and material recovery

Author

Cecilia Sambusiti, Anastasia Zabaniotou, Abdellatif Barakat, Elena Ficara, N. Antoniou, Florian Monlau, Biomass Group, Dept. of Chemical Eng, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Plateau technique, APESA, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (FEDER program), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
traitement des déchets, Renewable energy, Strategy and Management, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, écoprocédé, déchet agricole, Agricultural wastes, Anaerobic digestion, Circular economy, Gasification, Manure, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 2300, Strategy and Management1409 Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Waste management, Leisure and Hospitality Management, 05 social sciences, bioéconomie, Producer gas, 6. Clean water, Waste treatment, Digestate, Fertilizer, waste treatment, farm wastes, gazéification, 020209 energy, Strategy and Management1409 Tourism, gasification, engineering.material, 12. Responsible consumption, économie circulaire, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0505 law, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, circular economy, 13. Climate action, 050501 criminology, engineering, Environmental science, business, Cow dung
Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established process for the treatment of organic wastes and the production of renewable energy. However, high amounts of digestate produced by AD plants require enhancement for further use. This study investigates a conceptual model for the digestate enhancement by using a downstream gasification. It is based on a ‘systemic approach’ considering the interactions of every contributing process into the dual system. The digestate was provided by an Italian AD plant, that treats mixed agricultural wastes of pig manure (43%), cow manure (20%), maize and triticale silages (25%), and cereal bran (12%). Digestate air gasification experiments were conducted, in a downdraft fixed-bed reactor, at temperature range from 750 °C to 850 °C, with λ varying from 0.14 to 0.34. Results have shown that gasification of digestate at 850 °C with λ = 0.24, increased producer gas yield (65.5 wt %), and its LHV (2.88 MJ Nm−3). The gas is classified as medium heating value fuel, suitable to generate electricity of 971 kWhel day−1 to enhance the AD plant's economic viability. A carbonaceous material rich in macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg) was produced, with R50 = 0.48, suitable for carbon sequestration. The study offers a resource closed loop approach of converting AD digestate into energy and soil fertilizer. Useful suggestions for policy makers and business can be drawn.

Published
2019
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29. Bioethanol fermentation as alternative valorization route of agricultural digestate according to a biorefinery approach

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Florian Monlau, Cecilia Sambusiti, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Plateau technique, APESA, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Engineering, Food Handling, Digestate, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Anaerobiosis, déchet agricole, Waste Management and Disposal, bioethanol, 2. Zero hunger, Energy recovery, consommation d'énergie, Waste management, broyage mécanique, fractionnement physique, Agriculture, General Medicine, pretreatment, 6. Clean water, Refuse Disposal, Renewable energy, Biofuel, biofuel, prétraitement, farm wastes, Biotechnology, Environmental Engineering, agriculture durable, 020209 energy, digestion anaérobie, Industrial Waste, Bioengineering, Industrial waste, 12. Responsible consumption, Bioenergy, Anaerobic digestion, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, digestat, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ethanol, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Biorefinery, sustainable agriculture, Energy efficiency, biocarburant, Biofuels, Fermentation, business
Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of producing bioethanol from solid digestate after a mechanical fractionation (i.e. centrifugal milling), in order to improve the energy recovery from agricultural wastes and the sustainability of anaerobic digestion plants. A bioethanol yield of 37 g kg−1 TS was evaluated for the solid digestate fraction. Mass and energetic balances were performed and compared between two scenarios: (A) one-stage bioethanol fermentation and (B) two-stage anaerobic digestion–bioethanol fermentation, in order to evaluate the feasibility and the advantages of the two-stage process. Results revealed that, compared to the one-stage process, the dual anaerobic digestion–bioethanol process permitted: (i) to diversify biofuels production; (ii) to provide the thermal energy sufficient for drying digestate (13,351 kWhth day−1), for the subsequent milling step; (iii) to reduce the electric energy requirement for the milling step (from 23,880 to 3580 kWhel day−1); (iv) to produce extra electrical energy of 8483 kWhel day−1; (v) to improve the reduction of waste streams generated (from 13% to 54% of organic matter removal).

Published
2016
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30. Effect of coupling alkaline pretreatment and sewage sludge co-digestion on methane production and fertilizer potential of digestate

Author

Abdallah Oukarroum, Hélène Carrère, Abdellatif Barakat, Youssef Zeroual, Doha Elalami, Florian Monlau, Karima Abdelouahdi, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), APESA [Pau], Groupe OCP, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Atlass Project (https://umr-iate.cirad.fr/projets/atlass-ocp) with OCP Group, INRAE, APESA, and University Mohamed VI Polytechnic(UM6P)

Subjects
Chlorophyll, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, Codigestion, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Bioreactors, Anaerobic digestion, Environmental Chemistry, Anaerobiosis, Waste activated sludge, Fertilizers, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Sewage, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, Chlorophyll A, Pomace, food and beverages, Biodegradable waste, Pulp and paper industry, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Waste treatment, Activated sludge, Digestate, engineering, Biofertilizer, Fertilizer, Methane, Pretreatment, Sludge
Abstract

This study aims at investigating how organic waste co-digestion coupled with alkaline pretreatment can impact the methane production and agronomic value of produced digestates. For this purpose, sludge alone and mixed with olive pomace or macroalgal residues were subjected to anaerobic digestion with and without alkaline pretreatment. In addition, co-digestion of pretreated sludge with raw substrates was also carried out and compared to the whole mixture pretreatment. KOH pretreatment enhanced methane production by 39%, 15% and 49% from sludge, sludge mixed with olive pomace and sludge mixed with macroalgal residues, respectively. The digestates were characterised according to their physico-chemical and agronomic properties. They were then applied as biofertilizers for tomato growth during the first vegetative stage (28 days of culture). Concentrations in chlorophyll a and carotenoids in tomato plants, following sludge digestate addition, rose by 46% and 41% respectively. Sludge digestate enhanced tomato plant dry weight by 87%, while its nitrogen content increased by 90%. The impact of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the digestate was strongest on tomato plant dry weight, thus explaining the efficiency of sludge digestate relative to other types of digestate. However, when methane production is considered, the combination of pre-treatment with co-digestion of macroalgal residues and sludge appears most beneficial for maximizing energy recovery and for biofertilizer generation.

Published
2020
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31. Fast prediction of organic wastes methane potential by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy: A successful tool for farm-scale biogas plant monitoring

Author

Blandine Schraauwers, Florian Monlau, Sylvie Baggio, Camille Lagnet, and Paul Mortreuil

Subjects
Crop residue, Environmental Engineering, Coefficient of determination, Farms, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biogas, Bioenergy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Sewage, business.industry, Environmental engineering, Pollution, Renewable energy, Anaerobic digestion, chemistry, Biofuel, Biofuels, Environmental science, business
Abstract

Currently, there is a growing worldwide interest for the treatment of wastes, and especially farm wastes, by anaerobic digestion. Biochemical methane potential is a key parameter for the design, optimisation and monitoring of the anaerobic digestion process, but it is also time consuming (4–7 weeks). Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy seems a promising method to predict the biochemical methane potential of a wide range of organic substrates. This study compares a ‘global’ predictive model mainly built with biogas plant feedstocks, and a more ‘agricultural’ specific one built with farm wastes only (e.g. manures and crop residues). The global model was calibrated with 245 samples and the specific one with 171 samples. In parallel, validation sets composed of 36 farm wastes and eight other wastes (sludge, fruit residues and vegetables) were used to evaluate and compare both models. Satisfying results were obtained on the validation sets considering, respectively for the global and the specific models, a root mean square error of prediction of 44 and 34 NL CH4 kg−1 volatile solid, a coefficient of determination of 0.76 and 0.83, and a ratio of performance to deviation of 2.0 and 2.4. In general rules, the specific model was better than the global one in the prediction of farm wastes methane potential. However, thanks to its larger sample variability, the global one was more robust, especially towards the ‘other’ wastes, which can be introduced punctually in agricultural biogas plant.

Published
2018

32. Mechano-Enzymatic Deconstruction with a New Enzymatic Cocktail to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Bioethanol Fermentation of Two Macroalgae Species

Author

Barakat, Sameh Amamou, Cecilia Sambusiti, Florian Monlau, Eric Dubreucq, and Abdellatif

Subjects
bioethanol, enzymatic hydrolysis, macroalgae, mechanical pretreatment
Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the efficiency of a mechano-enzymatic deconstruction of two macroalgae species for sugars and bioethanol production, by using a new enzymatic cocktail (Haliatase) and two types of milling modes (vibro-ball: VBM and centrifugal milling: CM). By increasing the enzymatic concentration from 3.4 to 30 g/L, the total sugars released after 72 h of hydrolysis increased (from 6.7 to 13.1 g/100 g TS and from 7.95 to 10.8 g/100 g TS for the green algae U. lactuca and the red algae G. sesquipedale, respectively). Conversely, total sugars released from G. sesquipedale increased (up to 126% and 129% after VBM and CM, respectively). The best bioethanol yield (6 geth/100 g TS) was reached after 72 h of fermentation of U. lactuca and no increase was obtained after centrifugal milling. The latter led to an enhancement of the ethanol yield of G. sesquipedale (from 2 to 4 g/100 g TS).

Published
2018
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33. Comparison of various post-treatments for recovering methane from agricultural digestate

Author

Francesca Malpei, Abdellatif Barakat, Elena Ficara, Alida Musatti, Cecilia Sambusiti, Manuela Rollini, Florian Monlau, Environmental Section, Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Star Agroenergy Research Group, Università degli Studi di Foggia - University of Foggia, DeFENS, Section of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, University of Milan, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Università degli Studi di Foggia = University of Foggia (Unifg), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), European Project: 286269,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2011-1,STAR-AGROENERGY(2011), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Digestate, Amendment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biogas, Anaerobic digestion, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Chemical Engineering (all), [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Methane production, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Methane potential, Chemistry, business.industry, Energy gain, Post-treatment, Fuel Technology, Pulp and paper industry, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, business
Abstract

At full scale biogas plants, a large amount of digestate, which still contains a residual methane potential, is produced daily. Problems related to digestate storage and its use (i.e., biogas losses, the high cost of digestate transportation and limitations imposed by the European Nitrate Directive on its use as soil amendment) have attracted great attention among researcher to find solutions to take advantage of its residual methane potential. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the methane production from digestate (DIG) and solid separated digestate (SS-DIG) and the feasibility of applying different kinds of post-treatments (i.e., thermal, thermo-chemical and enzymatic) in order to enhance their methane recovery. Results revealed that the methane recovery from digestate and solid separated digestate is feasible, considering their residual methane yields (70 NmL CH4/g VS and 90 NmL CH4/g VS, respectively). Thermal and alkaline post-treatments did not have a beneficial effect in enhancing methane potentials, while enzymatic post-treatment resulted in an increase of methane yield of 13% and 51% for SS-DIG and DIG samples, respectively. Finally, digestate recirculation permitted to obtain an extra electrical production (up to 4818 kWhel/day), which could represent an extra economical income to farmers.

Published
2015
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34. Pyrochars from bioenergy residue as novel bio-adsorbents for lignocellulosic hydrolysate detoxification

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Cecilia Sambusiti, Anastasia Zabaniotou, N. Antoniou, Florian Monlau, Abderrahim Solhy, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biomass Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Crop residue, Environmental Engineering, Digestate, Ultrafiltration, Bioengineering, Furfural, Lignin, Zea mays, 7. Clean energy, Hydrolysate, Heating, Lignocellulosic hydrolysate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Residue (chemistry), Bioenergy, Organic chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Furans, Waste Management and Disposal, Inhibition, Plant Stems, Waste management, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Hydrolysis, General Medicine, Wood, chemistry, Biofuel, Biofuels, Charcoal, Adsorption, Pyrolysis
Abstract

The robust supramolecular structure of biomass often requires severe pretreatments conditions to produce soluble sugars. Nonetheless, these processes generate some inhibitory compounds (i.e. furans compounds and aliphatic acids) deriving mainly from sugars degradation. To avoid the inhibition of the biological process and to obtain satisfactory sugars conversion level into biofuels, a detoxification step is required. This study investigates the use of two pyrochars derived from solid anaerobic digestates for the detoxification of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. At a pyrochar concentration of 40 g L−1, more than 94% of 5-HMF and 99% of furfural were removed in the synthetic medium after 24 h of contact time, whereas sugars concentration remained unchanged. Furfural was adsorbed faster than 5-HMF by both pyrochars and totally removed after 3 h of contact. Finally, the two pyrochars were found efficient in the detoxification of corn stalks and Douglas fir wood chips hydrolysates without affecting the soluble sugars concentrations.

Published
2015
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35. Algae as promising feedstocks for fermentative biohydrogen production according to a biorefinery approach: A comprehensive review

Author

Luciano Beneduce, Micol Bellucci, Cecilia Sambusiti, Anastasia Zabaniotou, Florian Monlau, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), STAR Agroenergy Research Group, Università degli Studi di Foggia - University of Foggia, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, European Project: 286269,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2011-1,STAR-AGROENERGY(2011), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Università degli Studi di Foggia = University of Foggia (Unifg)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomass, Biology, 7. Clean energy, Macroalgae, Bioenergy, Microalgae, Biohydrogen, Renewable Energy, Biorefinery, Dark fermentation, Pretreatment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Sustainability and the Environment, Waste management, business.industry, Fossil fuel, food and beverages, Pulp and paper industry, 13. Climate action, Fermentative hydrogen production, Fermentation, business
Abstract

Interest is growing in the production of biohydrogen from algae through dark fermentation, as alternative to fossil fuels. However, one of the limiting steps of biohydrogen production is the conversion of polymeric carbohydrates into monomeric sugars. Thus, physical, chemical and biological pretreatments are usually employed in order to facilitate carbohydrates de-polymerization and enhancing biohydrogen production from algae. Considering the overall process, biohydrogen production through dark fermentation leads generally to negative net energy balances of the difference between the energy produced as biohydrogen and the direct ones (heat and electricity) consumed to produce it. Thus, to make the overall process economically feasible, dark fermentation of algae must be integrated in a biorefinery approach, where the outlets are valorized into bioenergy or value added biomolecules. The present study reviews recent findings on pretreatments and biohydrogen production through dark fermentation of algae looking at the perspectives of integrating side streams of dark fermentation from algal biomass, according to a biorefinery approach

Published
2015
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36. Mechanical dissociation and fragmentation of lignocellulosic biomass: Effect of initial moisture, biochemical and structural proprieties on energy requirement

Author

Florian Monlau, Abdellatif Barakat, Abderrahim Solhy, Hélène Carrère, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 020209 energy, Lignocellulosic biomass, mechanical pretreatment, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Xylose, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Specific energy, Lignin, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Cellulose, Water content, biomass, Waste management, Moisture, Mechanical Engineering, food and beverages, Building and Construction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Biorefinery, General Energy, chemistry, Chemical engineering, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, milling, multivariate regression, physicochemical features, 0210 nano-technology, energy
Abstract

International audience; Mechanical size reduction is considered as a primordial step of current and future lignocellulosic biorefinery. In this sense, it is of high interest to understand who are the biochemical and structural features of the lignocellulosic biomass, which affect the Specific Energy Requirement (SER), and in consequence the cost of mechanical size reduction processes. First, it was shown that the initial moisture content of the lignocellulosic biomass affect the SER and the final particle size distribution. The highest the moisture content gives raise the highest SER. Then, at fixed initial moisture content (≈7% DW), structural and biochemical features of lignocellulosic biomass that can affect the SER were determined. It was noticed that both arabinose/xylose ratio and accessible surface area lead to increasing the SER. On the contrary, the content of cellulose, lignin, crystallinity and p-coumaric acids links were found to have a positive effect on the reduction of the SER.

Published
2015
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37. A novel option for reducing the optical density of liquid digestate to achieve a more productive microalgal culturing

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Elena Ficara, S.E. Cecere, Valeria Mezzanotte, Francesca Marazzi, Davide Scaglione, Cecilia Sambusiti, Florian Monlau, DISAT, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), APESA, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale (DICA), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Fondazione Cariplo, grant 2014-1296, PHC GALILEE 2016 (BIO-ETHANOL AND METHANE PRODUCTION FROM PRETREATED MICROALGAE - BIOMETHALG), Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Marazzi, F, Sambusiti, C, Monlau, F, Cecere, S, Scaglione, D, Barakat, A, Mezzanotte, V, and Ficara, E

Subjects
Adsorption, Digestate, Microalgae, Optical density, Stripping, Agronomy and Crop Science, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Biogas, Botany, medicine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, micro-algue, biology, Chemistry, pretreatment, biology.organism_classification, Pulp and paper industry, digestat liquide, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Dilution, ammonium, densité optique, Chlorella, Nitrification, optical density, prétraitement, culture d'algue, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

The liquid fraction of digestate produced by agricultural biogas plants is rich in macro and micronutrients that are valuable for the culturing of microalgae. Nonetheless, the high ammonium concentration may cause toxicity and the high optical density may reduce light penetration, negatively affecting the biomass production rate. Dilution with fresh water has been frequently suggested as a mean for improving the digestate characteristics in view of microalgal culturing. In this paper, the feasibility of culturing microalgae on undiluted raw digestate or on digestate after pretreatment by stripping and adsorption was investigated. First, adsorption tests were performed using commercial activated carbon from wood in order to identify appropriate conditions for optical density (OD) reduction. Up to 88% reduction was obtained by dosing 40gL−1 after 24h of contact time. Then, culturing tests were performed on a microalgal inoculum including mainly Chlorella spp. and Scenedesmus spp. under controlled temperature and light conditions during 6–14weeks. Raw, stripped, and stripped and adsorbed digestate samples were tested. The biomass production rate increased from 27±13mgTSSL−1d−1 on raw digestate, to 82±18mgTSSL−1d−1 by using stripped digestate, and to 220±78mgTSSL−1d−1 by using the stripped and adsorbed digestate. Moreover, nitrification was constantly suppressed when using the stripped and adsorbed digestate, while relevant nitrite built-up was observed when using raw and stripped digestate. These results suggest that microalgae are able to grow on the raw digestate, provided that long hydraulic retention times are applied. A much faster growth (up to 10 times) can be obtained by pretreating the liquid fraction of digestate by stripping and adsorption, which may be an effective means of improving the areal productivity of microalgal culturing on digestates.

Published
2017
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38. Assessment of hydrothermal pretreatment of various lignocellulosic biomass with CO 2 catalyst for enhanced methane and hydrogen production

Author

Cigdem Eskicioglu, Hélène Carrère, Ivet Ferrer, Eric Trably, Abdellatif Barakat, Florian Monlau, Prasad Kaparaju, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia (UBC), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Materials Science and Nano-engineering Department, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, GEMMA – Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Griffith School of Engineering, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Griffith University [Brisbane], Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GEMMA - Grup d'Enginyeria i Microbiologia del Medi Ambient, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 020209 energy, Ingénierie des aliments, Sewage--Purification--Anaerobic treatment, Biomass, Lignocellulosic biomass, digestion anaérobie, 02 engineering and technology, bioenergy, 7. Clean energy, dégradation de la lignocellulose, Biomassa forestal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bioenergy, Anaerobic digestion, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Food engineering, Cellulose, Corn stover, Waste Management and Disposal, Sorghum, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Douglas fir bark, bioénergie, Plant biomass, Ecological Modeling, food and beverages, Straw, Dark fermentation, Biodegradation, pretreatment, biodégradation, Pulp and paper industry, Pollution, Energies::Energia de la biomassa [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], chemistry, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament anaeròbic, prétraitement, traitement hydrothermique
Abstract

Hydrothermal pretreatment of five lignocellulosic substrates (i.e. wheat straw, rice straw, biomass sorghum, corn stover and Douglas fir bark) were conducted in the presence of CO2 as a catalyst. To maximize disintegration and conversion into bioenergy (methane and hydrogen), pretreatment temperatures and subsequent pressures varied with a range of 26–175 °C, and 25–102 bars, respectively. Among lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, hydrothermal pretreatment caused the highest reduction (23–42%) in hemicelluloses while delignification was limited to only 0–12%. These reductions in structural integrity resulted in 20–30% faster hydrolysis rates during anaerobic digestion for the pretreated substrates of straws, sorghum, and corn stover while Douglas fir bark yielded 172% faster hydrolysis/digestion due to its highly refractory nature in the control. Furans and phenolic compounds formed in the pretreated hydrolyzates were below the inhibitory levels for methane and hydrogen production which had a range of 98–340 ml CH4/g volatile solids (VS) and 5–26 ml H2/g VS, respectively. Results indicated that hydrothermal pretreatment is able to accelerate the rate of biodegradation without generating high levels of inhibitory compounds while showing no discernible effect on ultimate biodegradation.

Published
2017
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39. Determination of chemical oxygen demand of agricultural wastes by combining acid hydrolysis and commercial COD kit analysis

Author

C. Lagnet, C. Peyrelasse, B. Schraauwers, G. Cazaudehore, and Florian Monlau

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Municipal solid waste, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Solid Waste, 01 natural sciences, Bioreactors, Waste Management, Anaerobiosis, Bioprocess, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis, Hydrolysis, Direct sampling, Chemical oxygen demand, General Medicine, Biodegradation, Pulp and paper industry, 020801 environmental engineering, Dilution, Oxygen, Anaerobic digestion, Environmental science, Acid hydrolysis
Abstract

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an essential parameter in waste management, particularly for monitoring bioprocess such as anaerobic digestion. Indeed, chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a key parameter that can prove useful for the evaluation of waste biodegradability and to evaluate mass and energetic balances of the overall process. In this study, an adapted method to determine the COD of solid agricultural wastes was developed. This method combined a double acid hydrolysis of the solid waste materials followed by commercial COD tubes analysis. This method was compared to direct sampling after a standard dilution (3.5 g TS.L-1) and analysis in commercial COD tubes. The method developed in this study allowed the COD of nine agricultural wastes to be accurately predicted, with an absolute error of 7% compared to the theoretical COD. In comparison, the method with only a prior water dilution resulted in higher absolute errors of 36% and 31% when sampling was performed with pipette tips and cut pipette tips, respectively.

Published
2019
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40. A comparison of different pre-treatments to increase methane production from two agricultural substrates

Author

Hélène Carrère, Francesca Malpei, Florian Monlau, Cecilia Sambusiti, Elena Ficara, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), and Fabbrica della Bioenergia

Subjects
Methane potential, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 020209 energy, Forage, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Anaerobic digestion, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Lignin, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Mechanical Engineering, food and beverages, Substrate (chemistry), Wheat straw, Building and Construction, Straw, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, methane potential, pretreatment, sorghum forage, wheat straw, General Energy, Agronomy, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sorghum forage, Pretreatment
Abstract

To enhance the methane production from ensiled sorghum forage and wheat straw, thermal, alkaline and thermo-alkaline pre-treatments were performed in batch mode. Alkaline pretreatment was conducted at 40 degrees C for 24 h with the addition of 1% and 10% gNaOH/gTS; thermal and thermo-alkaline pre-treatments at 100 degrees C, and 160 C for 30 min, with and without the addition of NaOH solutions at the above dosages. All the pre-treatments tested led to a solubilization of the organic matter, with a maximum concentration (around 30-40% for both substrates) obtained at 40 and 100 C with 10% NaOH. Furthermore, a reduction in the fibrous fractions was observed for both substrates. The highest lignin reduction, compared to untreated samples, was found at 100 degrees C with 10% NaOH dosage (53% and 72% for wheat straw and sorghum, respectively). Under this pre-treatment condition a high hemicelluloses reduction yield was also found (63% for both substrates). The highest increase in methane yield (up to 32%), compared to the untreated substrate was observed at 40 degrees C with 10% NaOH for sorghum. As for wheat straw, significant increases in methane yield were observed at 40 degrees C with 10% NaOH (43%) and at 100 degrees C with 1-10% NaOH (48% and 67%, respectively). According to the results of the preliminary economic analysis, the pretreatments seemed to be sustainable for both substrates, especially for wheat straw, due to a higher methane yield increase than that of sorghum.

Published
2013
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41. Lignocellulosic Materials Into Biohydrogen and Biomethane: Impact of Structural Features and Pretreatment

Author

Jean-Philippe Steyer, Claire Dumas, Florian Monlau, Abdellatif Barakat, Hélène Carrère, Eric Trably, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ADEME, the French Environment and Energy Management Agency

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, SUGAR-CANE BAGASSE, Environmental Engineering, FERMENTATIVE HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 020209 energy, Biomass, Lignocellulosic biomass, physicochemical properties, 02 engineering and technology, ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS, 010501 environmental sciences, WHITE-ROT FUNGI, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, dark fermentation, Biogas, biogas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, BIOGAS PRODUCTION, Biohydrogen, WHEAT-STRAW, PLANT-CELL WALL, Waste Management and Disposal, lignocellulosic biomass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Waste management, Chemistry, methane, pretreatments, Dark fermentation, LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEX, Pollution, Anaerobic digestion, MIXED ANAEROBIC CULTURES, CORN STOVER, 13. Climate action, hydrogen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Lignin network, Fermentation
Abstract

International audience; Production of energy from lignocellulosic biomass or residues is receiving ever-increasing interest. Among the different processes, dark fermentation for producing biohydrogen and anaerobic digestion for producing biomethane present considerable advantages. However, they are limited by the accessibility of holocelluloses that are embedded in the lignin network. The authors propose a review of works on the conversion of biomass into biohydrogen and biomethane with the comprehensive description of (a) biomass composition and features that may impact on its anaerobic conversion and (b) the impact of different kinds of pretreatment on these features and on the performance of biohydrogen and methane production.

Published
2013
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42. Assessment of hydrothermal pretreatment of various lignocellulosic biomass with CO

Author

Cigdem, Eskicioglu, Florian, Monlau, Abdellatif, Barakat, Ivet, Ferrer, Prasad, Kaparaju, Eric, Trably, and Hélène, Carrère

Subjects
Anaerobiosis, Biomass, Lignin, Methane, Hydrogen
Abstract

Hydrothermal pretreatment of five lignocellulosic substrates (i.e. wheat straw, rice straw, biomass sorghum, corn stover and Douglas fir bark) were conducted in the presence of CO

Published
2016

43. Toward a functional integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis for a sustainable resource management. Comparison between solid-digestate and its derived pyrochar as soil amendment

Author

Anastasia Zabaniotou, Matteo Francavilla, Abdellatif Barakat, Angela Libutti, Cecilia Sambusiti, Abderrahim Solhy, N. Antoniou, Florian Monlau, Massimo Monteleone, Star*AgroEnergy Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Foggia - University of Foggia, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biomass Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Centre for Advanced Material, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, European Project: 286269,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2011-1,STAR-AGROENERGY(2011), Università degli Studi di Foggia = University of Foggia (Unifg), and Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P)

Subjects
Carbon sequestration, 020209 energy, Digestate, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, complex mixtures, Soil quality, 12. Responsible consumption, Anaerobic digestion, Biochar, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 2. Zero hunger, Mechanical Engineering, Environmental engineering, Building and Construction, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Soil conditioner, General Energy, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Soil fertility, Pyrolysis
Abstract

The integration of different technologies acts as a leverage in boosting “circular economy” and improving resource use efficiency. In this respect, the coupling of anaerobic digestion with pyrolysis was the focus of this work. Solid-digestate obtained from anaerobic digestion was addressed to supply pyrolysis thus increasing the net energy gains and obtaining “biochar” (called “pyrochar” in our case) to be used as soil amendment alternatively to solid-digestate. The current interest on biochar is linked to its long-term soil carbon sequestration, thus contributing to global warming mitigation. A parallel detailed screening of the physical and chemical properties of both solid-digestate and pyrochar was performed, inferring their effects on soil quality. Results showed that while P and K are enriched in pyrochar, total N showed no significant differences. Heavy metals revealed higher concentrations in pyrochar, but always largely below the biochar quality thresholds. Pyrochar exhibited a higher surface area (49–88 m 2 g −1 ), a greater water holding capacity (352–366%), and a more recalcitrant carbon structure. Both solid-digestate and pyrochar showed good soil amendments properties but with complementary effects. Although starting from the same biomass, being the original feedstock processed differently, their ability to improve the physical and chemical soil properties has proved to be different. While several other soil improvers of organic origin can substitute digestate, the important role played by biochar appears not-replaceable considering its precious “carbon negative” action.

Published
2016
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44. Comparison of various milling modes combined to the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production: Glucose yield and energy efficiency

Author

Abderrahim Solhy, Florian Monlau, Abdellatif Barakat, A. Licari, Patrice Buche, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Center for Advanced Materials, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Office Chérifien des Phosphates in the Moroccan Kingdom (OCP Group), and Institut Carnot 3BCAR (Bioénergies, Biomolécules et Biomatériaux du Carbone Renouvelable)

Subjects
Materials science, Glucose yield, 020209 energy, hydrolyse enzymatique, Biomass, Lignocellulosic biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Bioenergy, Enzymatic hydrolysis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, valorisation des sous produits, Ball mill, Milling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, Energy, Waste management, Mechanical Engineering, broyage mécanique, Jet mill, enzymatic hydrolysis, Building and Construction, pretreatment, Pulp and paper industry, Pollution, efficience énergétique, General Energy, Energy efficiency, fibre lignocellulosique, Biofuel, bagasse, prétraitement, Bagasse
Abstract

Bagasse is an abundant by-product from sugarcane production that can be used for conversion into biofuels. Nonetheless, the recalcitrant structures of lignocellulosic fibers required a pretreatment prior conversion into biofuels. In this study, four mechanical deconstruction methods were compared in terms of energy demand and energy efficiency at lab scale: BM (ball mill), VBM (vibratory ball mill), CM (centrifugal mill) and JM (jet mill). Results indicate that VBM was more effective compared to BM, JM and CM in enzymatic accessibility and sugars solubilization: VBM-3h > BM-72 h > JM-5000 rpm > CM-0.12 mm. However, preliminary energetic assessment showed that at lab scale, the CM (centrifugal mill) as mechanical fractionation process appears to be the most efficient in terms of energy-efficiency (kg glucose/kWh) compared to BM, VBM and JM. A comparison with literature pretreatments data highlighted that fine and/or ultrafine milling process (BM, VBM, CM) are simpler saccharification technologies, which not required any chemical or water inputs, thus minimizing waste generation and treatment.

Published
2016
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45. Simultaneous detoxification and bioethanol fermentation of furans-rich synthetic hydrolysate by digestate-based pyrochar

Author

Florian Monlau, N. Antoniou, Anastasia Zabaniotou, Cecilia Sambusiti, Abdellatif Barakat, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Plateau technique, APESA, Biomass Group, Chemical Engineering Department, and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, broyage à bille, Digestate, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biofermenteur, Furfural, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Hydrolysate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, 010608 biotechnology, Furan, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Furaldehyde, Biomass, thermal degradation, Furans, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Inhibition, bioethanol, Waste management, Ethanol, Chemistry, Hydrolysis, food and beverages, General Medicine, pretreatment, Pulp and paper industry, pyrolyse, Biofuel, Biofuels, Fermentation, prétraitement, Pyrolysis, Biotechnology
Abstract

Pyrolysis is a sustainable pathway to transform renewable biomasses into both biofuels and advanced carbonaceous materials (i.e. pyrochar) which can be used as adsorbent of furan compounds. In particular, the aim of this study was to: i) evaluate the effect of vibro-ball milling on physical characteristics of pyrochar and its consequent performance on solely detoxification of a synthetic medium, containing furans and soluble sugars; ii) study the simultaneous detoxification and bioethanol fermentation, by adding activated pyrochar into fermentation medium. Results demonstrated that, compared to untreated pyrochar, the use of milled pyrochar increased by 52% furfural removal from the synthetic medium. Furfural removal rate was also increased (adsorption kinetic constant increased from 0.015 min−1 up to 0.215 min−1), at a pyrochar loading of 40 g L−1. Although, the simultaneous addition of pyrochar into the fermentation medium did not improve the bioethanol yield of the synthetic medium, it has significantly increased the bioethanol production rate.

Published
2016
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46. Predictive Models of Biohydrogen and Biomethane Production Based on the Compositional and Structural Features of Lignocellulosic Materials

Author

Florian Monlau, Xin Mei Guo, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Eric Trably, Abdellatif Barakat, Eric Latrille, Cecilia Sambusiti, Hélène Carrère, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ADEME, the French Environment and Energy Management Agency

Subjects
Energy-Generating Resources, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 020209 energy, Fructose, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Magnoliopsida, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biogas, Polysaccharides, Bioenergy, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, Organic chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Biohydrogen, Least-Squares Analysis, Cellulose, Plant Proteins, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Chemistry, Models, Theoretical, Plant Components, Aerial, Biorefinery, Glucose, Uronic Acids, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Biofuel, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hydrogen
Abstract

International audience; In an integrated biorefinery concept, biological hydrogen and methane production from lignocellulosic substrates appears to be one of the most promising alternatives to produce energy from renewable sources. However, lignocellulosic substrates present compositional and structural features that can limit their conversion into biohydrogen and methane. In this study, biohydrogen and methane potentials of 20 lignocellulosic residues were evaluated. Compositional (lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, total uronic acids, proteins, and soluble sugars) as well as structural features (crystallinity) were determined for each substrate. Two predictive partial least square (PLS) models were built to determine which compositional and structural parameters affected biohydrogen or methane production from lignocellulosic substrates, among proteins, total uronic acids, soluble sugars, crystalline cellulose, amorphous holocelluloses, and lignin. Only soluble sugars had a significant positive effect on biohydrogen production. Besides, methane potentials correlated negatively to the lignin contents and; to a lower extent, crystalline cellulose showed also a negative impact, whereas soluble sugars, proteins, and amorphous hemicelluloses showed a positive impact. These findings will help to develop further pretreatment strategies for enhancing both biohydrogen and methane production.

Published
2012
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47. Synthons production from lignocellulosic biomass by microbial consortia: assessing the impact of innovative reactive-extrusion pre-treatment and high-solid load processes

Author

Guillermina Hernandez Raquet, Abdellatif Barakat, Florian Monlau, Renaud Escudie, Hélène Carrère, Claire Dumas, Fabienne Guillon, Estelle Bonnin, Dumon, C., Donohue, Michael O., Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

48. New opportunities for agricultural digestate valorization: Current situation and perspectives

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Elena Ficara, Florian Monlau, A. Aboulkas, Hélène Carrère, Cecilia Sambusiti, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale (DICA), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Université Moulay Ismail (UMI), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Hydrothermal carbonization, Biogas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Char, Renewable Energy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Waste management, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Renewable energy, Anaerobic digestion, 13. Climate action, Biofuel, Digestate, Environmental science, Valorisation, business
Abstract

International audience; In the agricultural sector of many European countries, biogas production through anaerobic digestion (AD) is becoming a very fast-growing market. Anaerobic digestion is a simple and robust process that biologically converts an organic matrix into biogas and digestate, the latter corresponding to the anaerobically non-degraded fraction. So far, digestate has been mostly used at farm-scales for improving soils or as fertilizer. However, its ever-increasing production induces problems related to transport costs, greenhouse-gas emissions during storage and high nitrogen content that constrains its use to land application only. Consequently, research on alternative valorisation routes to reduce its environmental impact and to improve the economical profitability of AD plants should draw increasing interest in the future. This review therefore focuses on the different alternatives of digestate valorisation, apart from land applications: I) the use of the digestate liquor for replacing freshwater and nutrients in algae cultivation; II) the use of solid digestate for energy production through biological (i.e. AD, bioethanol) or thermal processes (i.e. combustion, hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis); III) the conversion of solid digestate into added-value products (char or activated carbons) through a pyrolysis process.

Published
2015
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49. Alkaline pretreatment to enhance one-stage CH4 and two-stage H2/CH4 production from sunflower stalks: Mass, energy and economical balances

Author

Eric Trably, Prasad Kaparaju, Hélène Carrère, Florian Monlau, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dept Biol & Environm Sci, University of Jyväskylä, ADEME, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), and University of Jyväskylä (JYU)

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, Waste management, Chemistry, Bioconversion, General Chemical Engineering, methane, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], biohydrogen, Biomass, Lignocellulosic biomass, General Chemistry, Dark fermentation, Pulp and paper industry, 7. Clean energy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Anaerobic digestion, dark fermentation, 13. Climate action, Biofuel, Digestate, Environmental Chemistry, Biohydrogen, ta219, lignocellulosic biomass, energy assessment
Abstract

Biological production of second generation biofuels such as biohydrogen (H2) or methane (CH4) represents a promising alternative to fossils fuels. Alkaline pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass are known to enhance the accessibility and the bioconversion of hollocelluloses during anaerobic digestion and dark fermentation processes. In the present study, four different configurations were investigated: one-stage CH4 continuous and two-stage H2 batch/CH4 continuous process with and without alkaline pretreatment of sunflower stalks (55 °C, 24 h, 4 g NaOH/100 g TS). The results showed that two stage H2/CH4 (150 ± 3.5 mL CH4 g−1 VS) did not improve methane yields compared to one stage CH4 (152 ± 4 mL CH4 g−1 VS). Although alkaline pretreatment was shown to be inefficient in improving the H2 yields in the two-stage H2/CH4 process, an increase in methane yields by 26% and 29% were observed with one-stage CH4 and two-stage H2/CH4 production compared to one-stage CH4 process without alkaline pretreatment, respectively. Chemical analysis of the solid digestate showed that hemicelluloses were the most preferred substrates compared to cellulose whereas lignin remained undegraded in all four studied configurations. Finally, energy balance showed that a positive energy balance and economic sustainability can be achieved when the alkaline pretreatment is applied at a high substrate concentration and/or when heat is recovered at a maximum efficiency during the pretreatment step.

Published
2015
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50. Do furanic and phenolic compounds of lignocellulosic and algae biomass hydrolyzate inhibit anaerobic mixed cultures? A comprehensive review

Author

Cecilia Sambusiti, Abdellatif Barakat, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Hélène Carrère, Marianne Quemeneur, Eric Trably, Florian Monlau, Star*AgroEnergy Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Foggia - University of Foggia, Environmental Section, Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), inconnu, Inconnu, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Foggia = University of Foggia (Unifg), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ADEME, French Environment and Energy Management Agency, European, European Project: 286269,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2011-1,STAR-AGROENERGY(2011), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, 020209 energy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomass, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Xylose, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Lignin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phenols, Anaerobic digestion, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Biohydrogen, Ethanol fuel, Food science, Anaerobiosis, Furans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Thermo-chemical pretreatments, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Hydrolysis, food and beverages, Dark fermentation, Furfural, Phenolic compounds, Eukaryotic Cells, Biochemistry, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Biofuel, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fermentation, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; Nowadays there is a growing interest on the use of both lignocellulosic and algae biomass to produce biofuels (i.e. biohydrogen, ethanol and methane), as future alternatives to fossil fuels. In this purpose, thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatments have been widely investigated to overcome the natural physico-chemical barriers of such biomass and to enhance biofuel production from lignocellulosic residues and, more recently, marine biomass (i.e. macro and microalgae). However, the pretreatment technologies lead not only to the conversion of carbohydrate polymers (ie cellulose, hemicelluloses, starch, agar) to soluble monomeric sugar (ie glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose), but also the generation of various by-products (i.e. furfural and 5-HMF). In the case of lignocellulosic residues, part of the lignin can also be degraded in lignin derived by-products, mainly composed of phenolic compounds. Although the negative impact of such by-products on ethanol production has been widely described in literature, studies on their impact on biohydrogen and methane production operated with mixed cultures are still very limited. This review aims to summarise and discuss literature data on the impact of pre-treatment by-products on H2-producing dark fermentation and anaerobic digestion processes when using mixed cultures as inoculum. As a summary, furanic (5-HMF, furfural) and phenolic compounds were found to be stronger inhibitors of the microbial dark fermentation than the full anaerobic digestion process. Such observations can be explained by differences in process parameters: anaerobic digestion is performed with more complex mixed cultures, lower substrate/inoculum and by-products/inoculum ratios and longer batch incubation times than dark fermentation. Finally, it has been reported that, during dark fermentation process, the presence of by-products could lead to a metabolic shift from H2-producing pathways (i.e. acetate and butyrate) to non-H2-producing pathways (i.e. lactate, ethanol and propionate) and whatever the metabolic route, metabolites can be all further converted into methane, but at different rates.

Published
2014
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