10 results on '"Fixed expenses"'
Search Results
2. COMPARISON OF LEGAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FORMS FROM ACCOUNTING POINT OF VIEW IN CONDITIONS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC.
- Author
-
Váryová, Ivana and Košovská, Iveta
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP laws ,FORMS (Law) - Abstract
Each legal form of entrepreneurship requires the individual approach from the accounting point of view as every entrepreneur subject does not meet the definition of an accounting entity pursuant to the Act on Accounting. The paper´s aim is to compare the legal entrepreneurship forms from accounting point of view and to assess different alternatives of expense verifiability. The theoretical research has been applied for reaching the paper's aim. Basic input materials are legal norms. Generally accepted basic research were used when preparing the article. Based on the results it can be stated that entrepreneurs registered in the Business Register do not have a possibility to select from individual alternatives of keeping the evidence for their management and are obliged to keep the system of double entry bookkeeping. Natural persons are not obliged to register in the Business Register therefore they can select from various possibilities of verification of incurred expenses. One feasibility is presented by the system of double entry bookkeeping or single entry bookkeeping. The systems of keeping tax records or applying fixed expenses are others. The keeping of tax records is less administrative intensive compared to bookkeeping. Keeping of tax records is advantageous for an entrepreneur as he is not the subject of the Act on Accounting while he is not an accounting entity. The easiest alternative for the entrepreneurs is not to verify real incurred expenses but to apply fixed expenses in the amount of 40 % from achieved income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE RATIONAL IMPUTATION OF THE FIXED EXPENSES
- Author
-
Maria SANDU and Rodica BADIŢĂ
- Subjects
fixed expenses ,costs ,trading company ,resources. ,Commercial geography. Economic geography ,HF1021-1027 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
In this material we tried to address some issues relating to the rational allocation of fixed expenses, which is the elimination of complete calculation of costs of products, works or services variations in the incidence of activity. From the brief presentation of the principles, techniques and stages of specific rational allocation of fixed expenses, it appears that it has no role to change the content and methodology of determining the cost but is a means of analysis and control of costs and results. As a result of the application in practice cost calculations are highlighted inactivity and the intense activity, can be investigated causes them to take measures to improve conditions for the operation of the enterprise.
- Published
- 2009
4. EVOLUTION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR WINE ENTITIES IN ROMANIA.
- Author
-
Topor, Dan, Căpuşneanu, Sorinel, and Puţan, Alina
- Subjects
FINANCIAL performance ,FINANCE ,BUSINESS forecasting ,WINE industry ,ALCOHOLIC beverage industry ,WINES - Abstract
The article aims to highlight the evolution of wine entities in Romania and their performance. Given the state of research conducted in the literature on performance measurement and analysis of the entities from wine sector and the achievements of specialists, the authors of this article demonstrates the importance of using the method of variable costs in terms of its specific indicators and making any decisions based on information provided by them. The article ends with the authors' conclusions about the benefits and importance of using direct-costing method in monitoring and measurement of performance in wine entities in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. THE COSTS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FIRM.
- Author
-
Ionescu, Ion
- Subjects
MANAGERIAL accounting ,INDUSTRIAL management ,FERTILIZER industry ,STANDARD cost accounting ,BUDGET ,ORGANIZATIONAL performance - Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to present a way of organizing the managerial accounting, so that to allow the calculation of a pertinent cost per each cost center constituted in the entities from the industry of chemical fertilizers. We critically analyzed the current conception of organization of managerial accounting to an entity from the studied domain, in order to highlight the necessity of organize and implement a modern managerial accounting allowing the control of costs and the performances increase of the entities from this domain, starting from the premise that there are sufficient similarities between these entities. The research carried out highlighted the fact that, nowadays, the cost calculation is organized in the conditions of using some traditional methods and that is imposed the organization and implementation of a managerial accounting, based on the use of some modern methods, respectively the standard costs methods. The major implications of the system proposed for the researched domain consist in determining o pertinent cost orientated to the management of the entity, highlighting the shortcomings of traditional costs methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
6. Zdanění příjmů individuálních podnikatelů v podmínkách ČR
- Author
-
Málková, Kristýna, Nováková, Lenka, and Černý, Václav
- Subjects
income tax ,daňová evidence ,fixed expenses ,tax base ,zákad daně ,tax evidence ,uplatňování výdajů procentem z příjmů ,individual entrepreneur ,accounting ,individuální podnikatel ,účetnictví ,daň z příjmu fyzických osob ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING - Abstract
The main goal of the bachelor thesis is to describe and clarify the process of taxation of individual entrepreneurs' incomes. The thesis consists of practical and theoretical part. Theoretical part is focused on possibilities of keeping records of an individual entrepreneur, calculation of tax base from economic result and construction of tax. In the practical part, the theory is applied on the example, which is solved in an accounting, tax evidence and with the use of fixed expenses. Final survey describes the attitude of college students to doing a business as an individual and being an employee.
- Published
- 2012
7. Daňové a nedaňové výdaje
- Author
-
Sůra, Jiří, Boháč, Radim, and Kohajda, Michael
- Subjects
ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,fixed expenses ,daň ,tax ,paušální výdaje ,Daňové výdaje ,Tax expenditure ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING - Abstract
TAX AND NON-TAX EXPENSES Abstract Master thesis "Tax and non-tax expenditures" deals with the definition of tax and non- tax expenditures in terms of their classification in the tax system. It also clarifies what expenses are, and it further explains some tax expenditures in more detail. The second chapter deals with the tax system and basic distribution of taxes. It also generally describes the basic tax calculation. The last section of this chapter mentions taxes which encompasses the term "expenses". In the third chapter, the income tax is discussed in more detail. The method of calculating the basic tax value for both individuals and legal entities is examined here. Entities dealing with income taxes are also listed and subsequently divided into two categories: (i) entities required to pay the tax and (ii) entities responsible for collecting the tax. Further subdivision of entities is also mentioned. The income tax is further explained from both perspectives of legal and natural persons. Chapter Four is the most comprehensive part of the thesis. The expenses are defined with respect to income tax. This chapter also describes the relationship between costs and expenses and their differences. In the next section of this chapter fixed expenses and their importance are analysed. The fixed expenses applied...
- Published
- 2012
8. The car business - accounting and tax aspects of the travel reimbursement
- Author
-
Mertlíková, Aneta and Nováková, Lenka
- Subjects
náhrada za spotřebované pohonné hmoty ,základní náhrada ,compensation for the fuel consumed ,fixed expenses ,car ,automobil ,paušální výdaje ,cestovní náhrady ,travel expenses ,basic pay ,odpisy vozidla ,depreciation of vehicles - Abstract
For my bachelor thesis I have chosen the topic in the automobile business, as currently there is one car to one of the major items that are used to achieve its business taxable income. The car business helps, but it also brings many problems and worries. The aim of this work is to show what the situation and problems of the entrepreneur must solve if it determines in its business car use. Emphasis is placed on the tax and accounting issues. Given the breadth of the topic, my thesis was divided into four basic parts. In the first section I define the notion of fixed assets, deal with the acquisition of the vehicle, its valuation, classification and also to use its technical evaluation. The second part focuses on the issue of depreciation of the car. Most space is devoted to the third part, which deals with travel reimbursements, the entrepreneur may apply if a business uses its road vehicle. The last chapter deals with the removal of a vehicle from the accounts. Finally, I also mentioned an example of continuous practice.
- Published
- 2011
9. The cost accounting with use fuzzy models
- Subjects
fixed expenses ,калькулирование себестоимости ,costing ,нечеткие переменные ,fuzzy variable ,прибыльность предприятий ,постоянные расходы - Abstract
Рассматривается новый подход к калькулированию себестоимости продукции с учетом множественного выбора баз распределения постоянных расходов. В результате применения данного подхода формируется множество нечетких переменных, исследование которых позволяет провести анализ производственной программы предприятия с целью ее оптимизации. Ил.: 1. Библиогр.: 11 назв. The new approach for cost accounting is considered taking into account the multiple-choice of base to allocate fixed expenses. As a result of this approach is formed by a set of fuzzy variables, the study of which allows to carry out the analysis of the production program of the enterprise in order to optimize it. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 11 titles.
- Published
- 2011
10. Cost analysis in businesses and an application in beverage industry
- Author
-
Öz, Mete, Lazol, İbrahim, İşletme Ana Bilim Dalı, and Uludağ Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü/İşletme Anabilim Dalı/Muhasebe-Finansman Bilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Sabit giderler ,Karlılık ,Amount variance ,Variable expenses ,Cost centers ,Standart kullanım miktarı ,Bölge bazlı ,Profitability ,Management decisions ,Maliyet analizi ,Business Administration ,Low cost ,Profit center ,Başa-baş noktası ,Maliyet muhasebesi ,Fiyat sapması ,Fixed expenses ,Kararlılık ,Bütçe ,Pofitability ,Maliyet sistemleri ,Expense ,Standart maliyet ,Gerçek kullanım mİktarı ,Budget ,Miktar sapması ,Yönetim kararlan ,Break-even point ,Cost ,Actual cost ,Price variance ,Kar merkezi ,Beverage sector ,Maliyet ,Businesses ,Cost analysis ,Değişken giderler ,Standard cost ,Gider ,İş-hacmi ,Competition ,Rekabet ,Actual usage amount ,Cost accounting ,Cost systems ,Masraf merkezi ,Fiili maliyet ,Regional profıtabilty ,Cost type ,İşletme ,Masraf tipi ,Standard usage amount ,Fiyatlandırma ,Düşük maliyet ,Sales-volume ,Pricing - Abstract
ÖZET Günümüz rekabet koşullarında, işletmelerin ayakta kalabilmelerini sağlayan en kritik unsurlardan birisi işletmenin Maliyet Sistemi ve buna bağlı olarak gerçekleştirilen Maliyet Analizleri'dir. Tezin ilk bölümünde, maliyet ve maliyetin bir işletme için önemi teorik olarak incelenmiştir. `İşletmelerde Maliyet Analizi ve İçecek Sektöründe Bir Uygulama` konulu Yüksek Lisans Tezi'nin ele aldığı ana konu İçecek sektöründeki bir işletme' de Maliyet Analizi' nin sağladığı faydalan ve yönetime nasıl ve ne yönde ışık tuttuğunu uygulama ile ortaya koymaktır. Kar amaçlı işletmelerde amacın gerçekleştirilebilmesi, işletmenin en düşük maliyetle en yüksek geliri sağlayacak biçimde, yönetimini gerektirmektedir. Bu da her yönetim kararının alınmasında, bu kararın `maliyet ve gelirleri` ne yönde etkileyeceğinin gözönünde tutulmasıyla bulunur. Bir işletmenin maliyetlerini belirleyen en önemli etmenlerden birisi de iş hacmidir. Maliyetlerin iş hacminden nasıl etkilendiğinin bilinmesi de işletmelerin geleceği açısından önemli bir yer teşkil eder. Tezin uygulama kısmında masraf merkezi analizi, masraf tipi analizi, kar merkezi, ve başabaş noktası analizi üstünde durulmuştur. Yapılan analizlerden çıkan sonuçlara göre işletmenin hangi bölgelere ne kadar yatırım yaparsa, ne yönde getiri alabileceği (karlılık analizi), karlılığını arttırmak için satış hacmini, hangi bölgede ne kadar arttırması gerektiği, hangi bölgelerde giderlerde tasarruf yapması gerektiği gibi sonuçlar yönetime karar aşamasında yol göstermektedir. SUMMARY In today's competitive environment, one of the critical issues effecting a firms' achievement is `The cost system and the Cost Analysis. In the first part of the Thesis, the term `Cost` and `The importance of Cost for a company` is illustrated theoretically. The main purpose of the thesis, namely, `Cost Analysis & A Case Study`, is to emphasize the benefits of Cost Analysis and its effects to managerial decisions in a company serving in the Beverage sector. m ÖZET Günümüz rekabet koşullarında, işletmelerin ayakta kalabilmelerini sağlayan en kritik unsurlardan birisi işletmenin Maliyet Sistemi ve buna bağlı olarak gerçekleştirilen Maliyet Analizleri'dir. Tezin ilk bölümünde, maliyet ve maliyetin bir işletme için önemi teorik olarak incelenmiştir. `İşletmelerde Maliyet Analizi ve İçecek Sektöründe Bir Uygulama` konulu Yüksek Lisans Tezi'nin ele aldığı ana konu İçecek sektöründeki bir işletme' de Maliyet Analizi' nin sağladığı faydalan ve yönetime nasıl ve ne yönde ışık tuttuğunu uygulama ile ortaya koymaktır. Kar amaçlı işletmelerde amacın gerçekleştirilebilmesi, işletmenin en düşük maliyetle en yüksek geliri sağlayacak biçimde, yönetimini gerektirmektedir. Bu da her yönetim kararının alınmasında, bu kararın `maliyet ve gelirleri` ne yönde etkileyeceğinin gözönünde tutulmasıyla bulunur. Bir işletmenin maliyetlerini belirleyen en önemli etmenlerden birisi de iş hacmidir. Maliyetlerin iş hacminden nasıl etkilendiğinin bilinmesi de işletmelerin geleceği açısından önemli bir yer teşkil eder. Tezin uygulama kısmında masraf merkezi analizi, masraf tipi analizi, kar merkezi, ve başabaş noktası analizi üstünde durulmuştur. Yapılan analizlerden çıkan sonuçlara göre işletmenin hangi bölgelere ne kadar yatırım yaparsa, ne yönde getiri alabileceği (karlılık analizi), karlılığını arttırmak için satış hacmini, hangi bölgede ne kadar arttırması gerektiği, hangi bölgelerde giderlerde tasarruf yapması gerektiği gibi sonuçlar yönetime karar aşamasında yol göstermektedir. SUMMARY In today's competitive environment, one of the critical issues effecting a firms' achievement is `The cost system and the Cost Analysis. In the first part of the Thesis, the term `Cost` and `The importance of Cost for a company` is illustrated theoretically. The main purpose of the thesis, namely, `Cost Analysis & A Case Study`, is to emphasize the benefits of Cost Analysis and its effects to managerial decisions in a company serving in the Beverage sector. mThe CEO's of the profit-based companies, should achieve the minimum cost, while maximazing the revenues. Thus, the management should consider the effects of the decisions on the costs and expenses of the company. `Sales Volume` is one of the most important factors, effecting a company's costs. It is very crucial for a company to have the ability of controlling its costs, for its future. In the case part of the thesis, cost center analysis, cost type analysis, and break even point analysis are illustrated. Basing on these analysis, the company decides where to invest, how much to invest, to get the maximize profitability (profitability analysis). The conclusions dedicated from these analysis, shows the decision criteria like which region to increase sales volume, which region to decrease expenses, thus leading the management to make the righy decisions. ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER Rekabet, maliyet, maliyet analizi, maliyet muhasebesi, yönetim kararları, iş-hacmi, karlılık, maliyet sistemleri, masraf merkezi, masraf tipi, kar merkezi, gider, bölge bazlı karlılık,başa-baş noktası, fiyatlandırma, düşük maliyet, bütçe, standart maliyet, fiili maliyet, standart kullanım miktarı, gerçek kullanım miktarı, fiyat sapması, miktar sapması, değişken giderler, sabit giderler KEY WORDS Competition, cost, cost analysis, cost accounting, management decisions, sales-volume, profitability, cost systems,cost centers, cost type, profit center, expense, regional profitabilty, break-even point, pricing, low cost, budget, standard cost, actual cost, standard usage amount, actual usage amount, price variance, amount variance, variable expenses, fixed expenses. IV 153
- Published
- 2002
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.