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parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the main regulator for homeostasis some electrolytes and blood albumin, although the roles of vitamin D3 in the homeostasis of calcium in the bone are well known, However, recent data indicate the existence of the role of vitamin D3 in the Non-bony tissue is through its effect on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The vitamin D3 receptor and enzyme 1α-Hydroxylase necessary for the transformation of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 and the latter has been disclosed in several tissues, So the 25(OH)D3 may convert into an effective biological status of Paracrine effects and impact on the levels of vitamin D3 in the serum . The aim of the present study : evaluate the strength of the link between the PTH levels and some electrolytes in the blood serum of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). evaluate the strength of the link between the vitamin D3 levels and some electrolytes in the blood serum of patients with ESRD. Identify the natural values of this system, and the changes occurring because of ESRD disease. Collect samples from venous blood of disease ESRD under Hemodialysis (HD) 106 (60 males, 46 female) patients, and reviewers to the Ibn Sina Centre for dialysis / Baquba teaching Hospital, compared with 48 (32 males 16 females ) blood samples of healthy, with a record age, weight, sex, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Underwent venous blood samples centrifuge speeds of 4000 r / min for 10 minutes, the serum was separated to perform the following analyzes :- Measure the level of calcium, phosphate, PTH hormone and vitamin D3 . The results of the current study: Increase in the levels of PTH in patients ESRD compared with healthy . Is not affected the levels of vitamin D3 in the blood serum of patients ESRD significant compared to healthy. Decrease the levels of calcium in patiets ESRD compared with healthy. Increase in the levels of phosphate patients ESRD compared to the healthy. Moreover, study results indicated : A positive correlation between PTH and phosphate in patients ESRD. A negative correlation between PTH and calcium, vitamin D3 in patients ESRD. A positive correlation between vitamin D3 and calcium, phosphate, in patients ESRD

This study was done by partially purification of prolidase from serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Gel filtration technique, and using sephadex G100 gel as a stationary phase. The degree of purification (15.1) fold, enzyme yield (95.5%) and specific activity (0.00176 IU/I), were carried out .Kinetics studies for the partial purified enzyme technique showed optimal concentration of substrate which was 5 mmol/l Km = 0.66ng and Vmax =0.80 mM, while optimum Temperature was (35C°) and optimum pH was (8). The molecular weight of the partial purified enzyme has been determined by gel electrophoresis method , in presence of polyacrylamide gel and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS_PAGE) which showed that the approximates molecular weight was (54KD),we found high level of prolactin in the patient with polycystic ovary syndrome which was(24.03) when in the control was( 10.09),the value of TSH in the patient was( 17.08) which is high value and in the control was( 1.49), the value of T4 in the patient was (100.2) and in control was (118.4),the value of T3 in the patient was (0.3)and in control was (1.3).Testosterone in patient was (0.391) and in control was (0.206).

In this study several biochemical parameters for cardiovascular patients have been measured CK-MB ,LDH ,GPT and GOT in addition to lipid profile , MDA ,Vitamin C and Vitamin E . New derivatives of ascorbic acid have been synthesized and tested to inhibit the purified GPT from the blood of cardiovascular patients Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) was purified from cardiovascular patients using ammonium sulphate salt for precipitation then dialysed using 0.1 M Tris-HCL buffer pH7.8 , then filtrated by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-100 , followed by electrophoresis using poly acrylamide – bis acrylamide and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Derivatives of 3-(acetyl salicyloyl)-5,6 –O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid (1) 2,3-di(acetyl salicyloyl)-5,6 –O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid (2) and effect of 2,3,5,6 -tetra(acetyl salicyloyl)-L-ascorbic acid (3) which have been synthesized and characterized in this study , have been used in different concentrations to inhibit the purified enzyme activity using DMSO as a solvent .Results showed that these derivatives have inhibition effect on the enzyme activity with new value of kinetic parameters been detected using Linweaver-Burk plot and the type was un-competitive inhibition for the three derivatives been used in this study. Many biochemical parameters have been detected in this study including CK-MB, LDH, GPT and GOT as known marker for the disease in addition to lipid profile parameters Alb. UA, G6PDH, Vit.C and E as antioxidants as well as malondialdehyde (MDA). Results also showed significant differences in the levels of most parameters used in this study

This study has been acomblished between December 2016 and September 2017 which included 70 patients with chronic renal failure who attended at Al-yarmuke teaching hospital in Baghdad with25 healthy individual as control. The research aims to study the effect of hypertension, diabetes and smoking on the levels of some biochemical parameters of chronic renal failure patients comparing with healthy control .The results showed a significant increase in the concentrations of urea, creatine, uric acid, cholesterol, Triglycerides(TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), compared to healthy control. The results also showed that hypertension has an effect on the concentration of urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), the results indicated that the diabetes has effects on the concentration of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins( LDL) and Very Low density lipoproteins (VLDL) with no effects on the concentration of uric acid. There was an effect of smoking on The concentrations of cholesterol and the Triglycerides(TG), low Density Lipoproteins( LDL), Very Low density Lipoproteins (VLDL), urea, uric acid, and creatinine .The gender has no effect on the concentration of all measured parameters except on TG concentration.

This study was done to partially purification of topoisomerase IB from serum of diabetic patients using Gel filtration technique, by using Sephadex G 100 gel. A single peak in fraction four has been obtained, and the degree of purification (17.1) fold, enzyme yield (108.2%) and specific activity (0.189ng/mg). Kinetics studies for the partial purified enzyme were carried out which showed optimal concentration of substrate which was (0.1ng/ml), Michael's - Menten constant (Km=0.033ng) and maximum velocity (Vmax=0.90 ng/ml), while optimum Temperature was (37C°) and optimum pH was (7.5). The molecular weight of the partial purified enzyme has been determined by gel electrophoresis method, in presence of polyacrylamide gel and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE) which showed that the approximated molecular weight was (66KD).

This study was conducted to purifity Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from diabetic patients by gel filtration technique on Sephadex G100 and determine the molecular weight of enzyme, concentration and kinetic constant [Km, Vmax], study the effect of optimum temperature, substrate, pH. The study includes [60] patients with diabetes mellitus and [60] healthy individual as control. The activity of G6PD was measured after precipitated by [75%] Ammonium Sulfate concentration, using [Tris-HCl] buffer at pH 8.2. The specific activity was calculated [21.5UI\mg], total activity [706.8UI], number of purification [3.45] enzyme yield [23.188%] and enzyme activity [17.67UI\ml]. and the molecular weight were [57.82] k.D. The effect of substrate concentration was found to be increased with increasing substrate concentration. The optimum pH was found to be [8.4] and the optimum temperature was [38C]. Michaelis- Menten [Km] value for the enzyme was [3.33mM] and Vmax value was [0.263IU\ml ].

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease belongs to a group of disparate diseases clinically and genetically characterized by increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) as a result of defect in insulin metabolism. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) (Oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1-49) is one of the most important enzymes of the metabolite, the main enzyme and the key to the Pentose phosphate path way. Unsuitable control of blood glucose decreases G6PD activity and increases diabetes mellitus complications. the This study evaluated effect of Mediterranean mutation which causes decrease G6PD activity on diabetes patients and evaluated the difference of G6PD activity among diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and the impact of hyperglycemia on the G6PD activity and different in G6PD activity in six and age and relation between Calcium and Magnesium with G6PD activity and Mediterranean mutation and found correlative coefficient(r) between G6PD activity in Patient and Blood sugar, Calcium, Magnesium and G6PD activity in healthy people. Asixteen diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were selected from patients 8 to 60 years old. Demographic data including gender, age, height, weight, duration of diabetes mellitus, type and duration of treatment, medical history (especially fauvism) were recorded. Blood pressure and body mass index were also measured. One blood sample was taken from each subject and 5 elements including G6PD presence and activity, fasting plasma glucose, plasma Calcium, Magnesium and DNA was extraction from whole blood and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and later subjected to digestion by restriction enzyme MboII to create restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to enable the detection of mutation that caused G6PD deficiency namely Mediterranean (Med). G6PD activity was significantly higher in non-diabetic subjects (P

This study was done by partially purification of prolidase from serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Gel filtration technique, and using sephadex G100 gel as a stationary phase. The degree of purification (15.1) fold, enzyme yield (95.5%) and specific activity (0.00176 IU/I), were carried out .Kinetics studies for the partial purified enzyme technique showed optimal concentration of substrate which was 5 mmol/l Km = 0.66ng and Vmax =0.80 mM, while optimum Temperature was (35C°) and optimum pH was (8). The molecular weight of the partial purified enzyme has been determined by gel electrophoresis method , in presence of polyacrylamide gel and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS_PAGE) which showed that the approximates molecular weight was (54KD),we found high level of prolactin in the patient with polycystic ovary syndrome which was(24.03) when in the control was( 10.09),the value of TSH in the patient was( 17.08) which is high value and in the control was( 1.49), the value of T4 in the patient was (100.2) and in control was (118.4),the value of T3 in the patient was (0.3)and in control was (1.3).Testosterone in patient was (0.391) and in control was (0.206). http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.130

The Objective of this study was to estimate the Hormones (Ghrelin, and progesterone) gallstone and making liver function test in the patient’s sera and studying the relationship between demographic factors with previous factors. Patients and methods: This study is a probable clinical study in which (100) patients with a gallstone were included in the study. Those patients were (13) males and (87) females; their ages ranged from (17-78) years. While for the control group were collected, from 50 people (31) males and (19) females, their ages ranged from (17-61) years. Serum was obtained by, usual methods and analyzed, for Hormones (Ghrelin and Progesterone) and Liver Function (GOT, GPT, ALP and GGT). Results: The result of the current study shows the mean value was high for (Progesterone) parameters in, patient than the control, with highly significantly different (P

This study has been acomblished between December 2016 and September 2017 which included 70 patients with chronic renal failure who attended at Al-yarmuke teaching hospital in Baghdad with25 healthy individual as control. The research aims to study the effect of hypertension, diabetes and smoking on the levels of some biochemical parameters of chronic renal failure patients comparing with healthy control .The results showed a significant increase in the concentrations of urea, creatine, uric acid, cholesterol, Triglycerides(TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), compared to healthy control. The results also showed that hypertension has an effect on the concentration of urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), the results indicated that the diabetes has effects on the concentration of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins( LDL) and Very Low density lipoproteins (VLDL) with no effects on the concentration of uric acid. There was an effect of smoking on The concentrations of cholesterol and the Triglycerides(TG), low Density Lipoproteins( LDL), Very Low density Lipoproteins (VLDL), urea, uric acid, and creatinine .The gender has no effect on the concentration of all measured parameters except on TG concentration http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.049

This study was done to partially purification of topoisomerase IB from serum of diabetic patients using Gel filtration technique, by using Sephadex G 100 gel. A single peak in fraction four has been obtained, and the degree of purification (17.1) fold, enzyme yield (108.2%) and specific activity (0.189ng/mg). Kinetics studies for the partial purified enzyme were carried out which showed optimal concentration of substrate which was (0.1ng/ml), Michael's - Menten constant (Km=0.033ng) and maximum velocity (Vmax=0.90 ng/ml), while optimum Temperature was (37C°) and optimum pH was (7.5). The molecular weight of the partial purified enzyme has been determined by gel electrophoresis method, in presence of polyacrylamide gel and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE) which showed that the approximated molecular weight was (66KD). http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.23.2018.168

Background: Obesity is a multifaceted condition and represents a pandemic that needs urgent attention. Obesity, both directly and indirectly, increases the risk for a variety of disease conditions including diabetes, hypertension, liver disease, and certain cancers, which in turn, decreases the overall lifespan in both men and women. Leptin most likely indicates satiety and fullness of energy stores under physiological conditions, but obesity is characterized by hyperleptinemia and hypothalamic leptin resistance. Many studies have found association between obesity leading to oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus type 2, and many others have shown that the level of ROS increase in obesity. Methods: In this study conducted on 176 individuals in the age group from (20-55) years, from Tikrit and Kirkuk Governorates. Blood samples were divided into three groups according to BMI: Group One: Control group (Normal Weight): 66 individual (32 male, 34 female), BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Group Two: Over Weight group: 50 individual (16 male, 34 female), BMI (25.0–29.9 kg/m2). Group Three: Obese group: 60 individual (28 male, 32 female), BMI (≥ 30 kg/m2). Results: The results showed a high significant increase (p=0.000088) in the BMI levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group. The results showed a high significant increase (p=0.00008) in the Leptin hormone levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group. There is a high significant increase in the (cholesterol, TG, VLDL and LDL) levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group (p=0.00002)and (p=0.000041) respectively, while the results showed a high significant decrease (p=0.000034) in the HDL concentration in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group, the results showed a high significant decrease (p=0.00005) in the GSH concentration in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group, the results showed a high significant increase (p=0.00003) in the MDA levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between leptin with Cholesterol (r=0.526), Triglyceride (r=0.594), LDL (r=0.645), VLDL (r=0.594) and MDA (r=0.692), but there was a negative correlation between leptin with HDL (r=-0.642), GSH (r=-0.734). Conclusion: The results of (leptin and lipid profile) indicated highly associated with oxidative stress (MDA, GSH) levels and these correlations caused obesity.