11 results on '"Financial Opening"'
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2. Capital controls in an integrated world: A review of recent developments, policies and the academic debate.
- Author
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Herrala, Risto
- Subjects
CAPITAL movements ,CAPITALISM ,FINANCIAL crises ,TREATIES ,MONETARY policy - Abstract
With the exception of financial crisis episodes, financial openness has increased across countries in recent decades. With international agreements now cementing the relatively open capital accounts of developed economies, the focus of the debate on capital account liberalization has moved on to emerging market economies (EMEs). While capital account liberalization can be desirable in improving access to finance, recent findings indicate that capital controls may be useful in strengthening financial stability in EMEs and in securing monetary policy autonomy against volatility of international capital flows. Recent developments, policies, and the academic debate are considered in light of the gaps in our understanding of how to apply capital controls in combination with other policy instruments, as well as the uncertainty over how to liberalize the capital account while maintaining financial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
3. Proactively and steadily advancing China’s financial opening.
- Author
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Huang, Yiping
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,FINANCIAL policy ,FINANCIAL markets ,FOREIGN exchange rates ,CAPITAL movements - Abstract
Should China continue to open its financial system? Our answer to this question is positive since financial opening is necessary for supporting economic innovation, containing financial risks and participating in international economic governance. However, the needs some new ideas in devising next-stage financial opening policies including replacing the experimental approach by more systemic method and top-level design, combining ‘using reform to assist opening’ and ‘promoting reform through opening’, and taking into full account of the spillover effects of Chinese financial policies. Finally, we make policy recommendations in seven key areas, including enforcing better policy coordination, devising macro-prudential regulations, increasing exchange rate flexibility, opening the domestic financial markets, relaxing restrictions on businesses of foreign financial institutions, improving external financing cooperation and adopting prudent cross-border capital flow management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Soberania, desenvolvimento e sociedade
- Author
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Carlos Aguiar de Medeiros and Fernando Sarti
- Subjects
Política econômica ,Wilson ,Economic history and conditions ,Neoliberalism ,HC10-1085 ,Industrialization ,Desenvolvimentismo ,Desnacionalização ,Neoliberalismo ,1937-2020 ,Distributive conflict ,Industrialização ,Abertura financeira ,Economics as a science ,Economic policy ,Developmentalism ,Conflito distributivo ,Financial opening ,Cano ,HB71-74 ,Denationalization - Abstract
Resumo A partir da formulação de Wilson Cano (1999) discute-se a questão da soberania da política econômica no contexto das economias latino-americanas. Argumenta-se que em sua evolução histórica, a subordinação da política econômica às finanças internacionais foi o principal divisor de águas entre o período desenvolvimentista e o período que se afirmou após os anos 1970. Estas economias recuperaram parcialmente uma maior autonomia no novo milênio, mas a abandonam sobretudo pós 2015. Argumenta-se que este abandono se deu num contexto externo bastante distinto do que se passou nos anos 1980 e 1990, quando reversão era imposta por crises cambiais e deve ser explicado, no caso da economia brasileira, por razões políticas internas. O conflito distributivo e a desnacionalização contribuíram para o triunfo do neoliberalismo como estratégia de acumulação. Abstract Based on Wilson Cano’s (1999) formulation, we discuss the sovereignty of economic policy in the context of Latin American economies. It is argued that during its historical evolution, the subordination of economic policy to international finance was the main watershed between the developmental period and the period that was established after the 1970s. Latin American economies partially recovered greater autonomy in the new millennium but lost it largely after 2015. It is argued that this took place in an external context quite different from that of the 1980s and 1990s, when reversal was imposed by exchange rate crises and can be explained, in the case of the Brazilian economy, by domestic political reasons. Distributive conflict and denationalization contributed to the triumph of neoliberalism as a dominant accumulation strategy.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Rushing toward currency convertibility.
- Author
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Gemici, Kurtuluş
- Abstract
In 1989, Turkey became one of the first--and few--emerging economies to fully liberalize its capital account. Given the adverse macroeconomic conditions before the reforms, it is puzzling that Turkish policy-makers implemented policies amounting to a comprehensive and imprudent capital account liberalization. Using in-depth interviews with a significant number of key decision-makers behind capital account liberalization and employing archival material from news sources on the debates surrounding the reform process, this article examines the policy objectives and rationale behind the Turkish capital account liberalization. The main argument is that capital account liberalization represented a political rationality that put a premium on short-term expansion through funds from the rest of the world. This liberalization was a policy response to decreasing rates of economic growth and demands from organized labor and public employees for better working conditions and higher wages. Thus, this article shows that these distributional conflicts and the trajectory of economic growth were important determinants of the timing and scope of capital account liberalization in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. From East Asian “Miracle” to Neo-liberal “Mediocrity”: The Effects of Liberalization and Financial Opening on the Post-crisis Korean Economy.
- Author
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Crotty, James and Lee, Kang-Kook
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in South Korea ,INVESTMENTS ,FINANCIAL markets ,BANKING industry ,FINANCIAL institutions ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
In December 1997 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) offered Korea loans to help alleviate its financial crisis. These loans were accompanied by what the IMF called “extreme structural conditionality.” Korea was required to replace its traditional East Asian economic system with a neo-liberal model. We review economic performance in the neo-liberal era. Growth has slowed, poverty and inequality have risen, and investment spending has stagnated, while foreign ownership of Korean firms and banks has skyrocketed. We argue that foreign investment has not helped Korea. For example, by leading a shift from corporate to consumer lending, foreign control of Korea's financial markets has constrained capital accumulation and helped create an excessively indebted household sector, while making it harder for the government to adopt progressive economic policies. We conclude that the 8 year experiment with radical neo-liberal restructuring has turned out well for foreign capital and wealthy Koreans, but has been a failure for the majority of Korea's people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A visão convencional sobre a abertura financeira e suas mutações recentes
- Author
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André Martins Biancareli
- Subjects
lcsh:HB71-74 ,abertura financeira ,financial opening ,visão convencional ,Subject (philosophy) ,lcsh:Economics as a science ,developing countries ,Conventional wisdom ,conventional wisdom ,Debt intolerance ,Globalization ,Economics as a science ,Economy ,Currency ,Economics ,Balance sheet ,Positive economics ,países em desenvolvimento ,HB71-74 ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Abstract
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo proceder a uma revisão crítica da literatura convencional sobre a abertura financeira, com foco nos países em desenvolvimento. Desde os benefícios teóricos clássicos advindos da integração financeira, até as abordagens mais recentes que se propõem a repensar a globalização, o esforço é de caracterização e análise da evolução da visão convencional. Neste caminho, são apreciados também os debates empíricos relativos ao tema, os posicionamentos dissidentes no interior do mainstream economics, e os novos elementos apontados pelo chamado balance sheet approach (como a "intolerância ao endividamento", o "descasamento de moedas" e o "pecado original"). Os resultados desta evolução, apesar dos inegáveis progressos em relação aos argumentos que orientaram os processos de abertura nos países em desenvolvimento nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, compõem um quadro de avanços pontuais e isolados, que não permitem identificar uma verdadeira revisão teórica. This paper aims at building a critical revision of the conventional literature on the subject of financial opening, focusing on developing countries. Departing from classical theoretical benefits to more recent approaches which try to rethink globalization, the effort is to describe and analyze the evolution inside the conventional wisdom. The empirical debate on these issues; the dissidents inside the maistream and the new elements present in the "balance sheet approach" (like "debt intolerance", "currency mismatch" and "orginal sin") are also examined. The results of this evolution, despite the distance from the original arguments that have guided the opening process in developing countries in the 1980's and 1990's, compose a picture of partials and isolated changes, which are not enough to identify a real theoretical revision.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Financial Opening: Evidence and Policy Options
- Author
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Aizenman, Joshua, author
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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9. Dinâmica da conta financeira do balanço de pagamentos dos países emergentes no período 1990-2009: a vulnerabilidade continua
- Author
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Pereira, Vanessa de Paula, Corrêa, Vanessa Petrelli, Garlipp, José Rubens Damas, and Sarti, Ana Rosa Ribeiro de Mendonça
- Subjects
Fluxos de capitais ,Abertura financeira ,Investimentos estrangeiros ,Vulnerabilidade ,Capital flows ,Vulnerability ,Economias emergentes ,Financial opening ,Áreas subdesenvolvidas Relações econômicas exteriores ,Emerging economies ,Áreas subdesenvolvidas Fluxo de capitais ,CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA [CNPQ] - Abstract
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais The main purpose of this study is to analyze the profile of the Financial Account on the emerging economies, more specifically in the cases of Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, South Korea, Thailand, India and Russia. The goal is to emphasize the high influence of short-term capital in the Balance of Payments in these economies after the financial opening which elevate the vulnerability that the mentioned countries were exposed to. The specific objectives are: i - to raise the international capital flow dynamic towards peripheral countries and ii - to study the volatility of the Financial Account in the studied countries in the following periods 1990-1998, 1999-2002, 2003-2007, 2008-2009. The results of the study show that the more volatile financial account of the Balance of Payments in these countries are Portfolio Flows and Other Financial Flows, not only foreigners but also residents. In the case of Latin American economies, except of the Chilean economy, the more unstable subaccounts are Debt Securities purchased by foreigners, Loans and Financing of foreigners and Currency and Deposits of residents. In the Asian economies it was noticed relevant instability, besides the sub-accounts mentioned previously, in the Equity Securities purchased by foreigners and Other Assets, which also applies in the case of Russia. Moreover, it is important to stress that in India and Russia the sub-accounts only have significant variability in the mid-2000s, when the measures to control capital flows were eased. O propósito central deste trabalho é analisar o perfil da Conta Financeira das economias emergentes, sobretudo para os casos do Brasil, Argentina, México, Chile, Coreia do Sul, Tailândia, Índia e Rússia. O intuito é destacar o alto peso dos capitais de curto prazo nos Balanços de Pagamentos dessas economias, que acabam por elevar a vulnerabilidade a que elas estão expostas. Os objetivos específicos são: i - levantar a dinâmica dos fluxos internacionais de capitais para os países periféricos selecionados e ii - efetuar o estudo da volatilidade da Conta Financeira dos países estudados no período 1990-1998, 1999-2002, 2003-2007, 2008-2009. Os resultados do trabalho apontam que as contas financeiras mais voláteis dos Balanços de Pagamentos dos países selecionados são os Investimentos em Carteira de Estrangeiros e os Outros Investimentos, tanto de estrangeiros quanto de residentes. No caso das economias latino-americanas, à exceção da economia chilena, as subcontas mais instáveis são os Títulos de Renda Fixa adquiridos por estrangeiros, Empréstimos e Financiamentos de estrangeiros e Moedas e Depósitos de residentes. Já para as economias asiáticas, encontra-se instabilidade relevante, além das subcontas mencionadas anteriormente, para as Ações adquiridas por estrangeiros e para os Outros Ativos, sendo que esse resultado também se aplica ao caso da Rússia. Ademais, destaca-se que na Índia e na Rússia as subcontas só apresentam variabilidade significativa em meados dos anos 2000, quando as medidas de controles sobre os fluxos de capitais são relaxadas. Mestre em Economia
- Published
- 2010
10. Financial Opening, Deposit Insurance, and Risk in a Model of Banking Competition
- Author
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Eduardo Levy Yeyati and Tito Cordella
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Asset quality ,Yield (finance) ,jel:D82 ,Monetary economics ,jel:G21 ,Competition (economics) ,Monopolistic competition ,jel:G28 ,Economics ,Public disclosure ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,Finance ,Risk level ,business.industry ,Limiting ,Interest rate ,Incentive ,jel:G14 ,Bank Competition ,Banks ,Deposit Insurance ,Financial Opening ,information disclosure ,Monopolistic Competition ,Risk ,Financial information ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Deposit insurance ,Business ,Welfare - Abstract
This paper studies the impact of competition on the determination of interest rates, and on banks’ risk taking behaviour, under different assumptions about deposit insurance and the dissemination of financial information. We find that lower entry costs foster competition in deposit rates and reduce banks’ incentives to limit risk exposure. While higher insurance coverage amplifies this effect, two alternative arrangements (risk based contributions to the deposit insurance fund, and public disclosure of financial information) contribute to reduce it. Moreover, uninsured but fully informed depositors and risk based full deposit insurance yield the same, entry cost independent, equilibrium risk level. The welfare implications of the different arrangements are also explored.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Financial Reform in Israel: A Case of Gradualism
- Author
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Bufman, Gil and Leiderman, Leonardo
- Subjects
jel:G28 ,Financial Opening ,Financial Reforms ,Gradualism ,Liberalization ,jel:E52 ,jel:F41 - Abstract
While the Israeli stabilization of 1985 has received significant attention in previous work, much less is known about the process of financial opening and liberalization which began shortly afterwards. In contrast to the disinflation policy of 1985, the process of financial liberalization that started in 1987 proceeded in a slow and gradual mode. No official announcement was made about either the precise policy measures or the timetable for the process. As a result of these and other political economy factors, the process has not been completed and there are no strong incentives for policy-makers to further deepen the reforms at the present time. This paper discusses the main elements of financial liberalization in Israel and draws implications that could be relevant for financial opening policies in other countries.
- Published
- 1994
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