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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has significantly impacted the world and has driven many researchers into the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In the findings, there is a close association between purinergic signaling and the immune response. Then, this study aimed to evaluate alterations in the purinergic signaling in COVID-19 patients according to range severity. We divided the COVID-19 patients into moderate and severe cases following the guideless of NIH and WHO, together with clinical characteristics. The blood samples were collected to obtain PBMCs and platelets. We analyzed the ectonucleotidase activities through ATP, ADP, AMP, Ado hydrolysis, E-NTPDase1 (CD39), and 5'-NT (CD73) expression by flow cytometry in total leukocytes. The extracellular ATP was measured by bioluminescence, and cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry. We observed a decrease in ATP hydrolysis and increased AMP hydrolysis in PBMCs for both groups. In severe cases, ATP hydrolysis was raised for the platelets, while ADP and AMP hydrolysis have risen significantly in both groups. Additionally, there was a significant increase in ADP hydrolysis in severe cases compared to moderate cases. In addition, we observed an increase in the ADA activity in platelets of moderate patients. Moderate and severe cases showed increased expression of CD39 and CD73 in total leukocytes. To finalize the purinergic signaling, extracellular ATP was increased in both groups. Furthermore, there was an increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in moderate and severe groups. Thus, for the first time, our findings confirm the changes in purinergic signaling and immune response in COVID-19, in addition to making it more evident that the severity range directly impacts these changes. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of the purinergic system must be highlighted and studied as a possible target for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 disease. KEY MESSAGES: COVID-19 patients exhibit alterations in purinergic system and immune response. High levels of extracellular ATP lead to different inflammatory responses. CD39 and CD73 expression were increased in COVID-19 patients. Cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 also were altered in these patients. The purinergic system may be a possibility target to SARS-CoV-2 treatments.

In this study, phytochemical profiling, and antidiabetic, antitumoral and cytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves of red variety of

Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a spectrum of neoplasms that affect the upper aerodigestive tract and are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. Individuals with HNC exhibit various symptoms and metabolic changes, including immune alterations and alterations of the purinergic pathway, which may signal worse outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to measure the activity of purinergic ectoenzymes and interleukins in patients with HNC, oral cavity cancer, and larynx cancer.We recruited 32 patients and 33 healthy control subjects and performed the laboratory analyses. We identified dysregulation in the purinergic signaling pathway characterized by an increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) hydrolysis and a decrease in the deamination of adenosine to inosine in these cancers (p 0.05). These alterations were likely caused by increased activity of the ectoenzymes E-NTPDase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase and reduced adenosine deaminase activity. This dysregulation was associated with immune alterations, increased levels of IL-10, and decreased myeloperoxidase activity (p 0.05), suggesting immunosuppression in these patients and suggesting possible accumulation of adenosine in the extracellular environment.Adenosine is a potent immunosuppressive molecule associated with tumor progression and immune evasion. Our findings suggest a relationship between extracellular purines and the development and progression of the tumor microenvironment and poor outcomes. These findings increase the understanding of biological mechanisms related to HNC and demonstrate that these components are potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for future management strategies and improvement in the quality of life.

In this study, phytochemical profiling, cytotoxic potential, antitumoral activity, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition capacity of extracts of seed and pulp of Eugenia uniflora L. fruits were investigated. The extracts were obtained using a cellulase complex and the phenolic compounds were quantified. The cytotoxic potential and antitumoral activity were evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and melanoma-type tumor cells, respectively. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition capacity was determined. For all extracts, the compounds identified and quantified were salicylic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and, myricitrin. For extract of pulp, ellagic and p-coumaric acids were also identified and quantified. The extracts do not show cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Extract of seed was able to decrease cell viability in melanoma-type tumor cells within 24 h of exposure. The concentration 5 µg mL−1 of extracts inhibited 7.73% of α-amylase and 15.34% of α-glucosidase. The Pitanga extracts presents substances with biological activities.

In this study, phytochemical profiling, and antidiabetic, antitumoral and cytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves of red variety of Psidium cattleianum Afzel. ex Sabine were investigated. The extracts were obtained using a cellulase complex. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) were determined, and the individual phenolic compounds were quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. For the TPC, the amounts varied from 85.91 to 106.33 mg EAG g−1. Eighteen compounds have been identified. The compounds with the highest concentrations were gallic acid, quercetin and protocatechuic acid. Antidiabetic activity was obtained through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. The extract inhibited 17.94% of α-amylase activity and 73.34% of α-glucosidase activity. The antitumoral activity in cells of cutaneous melanoma (SK-MEL-28) and the cytotoxic activity was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The cellular migration was determined for cells SK-MEL-28. Antitumoral effects on cells SK-MEL-28 were observed and the absence of cytotoxicity on the PBMCs.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:37:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Universidade Estadual Paulista (1) Background: Intermittent fasting is a nutrition practice in which individuals fast for several hours in a day, mainly with feeding time during the daylight hours. They seek to improve metabolic performance and cellular resistance to stress. In this study, we tested the fasting protocol to investigate the glycemic effect in a laparotomy perioperative period in diabetic rats and histopathologic findings. (2) Methods: The animals were diabetic-induced with alloxan. Two groups were set according to the feeding protocol: free food and intermittent fasting, whose rats could only eat 8 h in the daylight. Both groups were anesthetized, and a laparotomy was performed. We evaluated the glucose levels during the perioperative period, and we accessed organ histology seeking damage of kidney, bowel and liver after surgical trauma, and we evaluated the wound healing process. (3) Results: Glycemic levels were improved in the intermittent fasting group, especially in the post-operative period after laparotomy. Comparing both groups’ tubular damage showed interdependency with mice with worse glycemic level (Z = 2.3; p = 0.0215) and wound-healing parameters showed interdependency with rats with better glycemic status for neovascularization (Z = 2.2; p = 0.0273) and the presence of sebaceous and sweat gland in the healing process (Z = 2.30; p = 0.0215). (4) Conclusions: Intermittent fasting before surgery can be a tool to improve glycemic levels in diabetic rats, with improvement especially in the post-operative period. Anesthesia Department São Paulo State University (UNESP)-Botucatu Medical School Pharmacology and Histology Department Integrated Regional University (URI) Academic Coordination Biomedical Sciencies Department Federal University of Fronteira Sul Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Department Federal University of Santa Catarina Anesthesia Department São Paulo State University (UNESP)-Botucatu

EFEITO IN VITRO DO EXTRATO DE TUCUMA (ASTROCARYUM ACULEATUM) EM CELULAS MONONUCLEARES DE SANGUE PERIFERICO Felipe Ongaratto¹ Beatriz da Silva Rosa Bonadiman² Filomena Marafon³ Greicy Cristine Kosvoski4 Claudio do Carmo Chaves5 Claudia Maria Chaves6 Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz7 Margarete Dulce Bagatini8 Eixo: educacao em saude. Introducao: O tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum) fruto nativo da Amazonia Brasileira, vem sendo estudado por apresentar uma serie de compostos bioativos, como, vitamina A, omega 3, 6 e 9, carotenoides, catequinas e quercetina que trariam beneficios para saude humana. Estudos previos demonstraram a capacidade antitumoral, anti-hiperglicemica e antimicrobiana desse fruto. Porem, ainda sao poucos os estudos com esse extrato. Objetivos: Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar o efeito do extrato hidroalcoolico de tucuma nas celulas mononucleares de sangue humano. Metodologia: Celulas mononucleares de sangue humano foram coletadas de voluntarios saudaveis (Comite de Etica no 822.782) e separadas por gradiente de densidade. O cultivo foi realizado com meio RPMI com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 1% de antifungico e antibiotico. As celulas foram mantidas em estufa com controle de temperatura e umidade. Apos duas horas de adaptacao a placa, as celulas foram tratadas com diferentes concentracoes do extrato de tucuma (5, 10, 50, 100 e 500 mg/mL) por 24 horas e realizados os testes de viabilidade celular (MTT). Para as analises de estresse oxidativo (mielopexosidase, oxido nitrico, substâncias reativas ao acido tiobarbiturico (TBARS), tiois nao proteicos (NPSH) e tiois proteicos (PSH) foram utilizadas as concentracoes de (10, 50, 100ug/mL). Os dados foram expressos como porcentagem do grupo controle e analisados estatisticamente com analise unidirecional de variância, seguida do teste post hoc de Tukey, utilizando o software Graphpad Prism versao 5.0 (Graphpad Prism Software Company, 2014). Resultados com p≤0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados e Discussao: Os resultados desse estudo demonstraram que todas as concentracoes do extrato de tucuma foram capazes de melhorar a viabilidade celular, estimulando a proliferacao das celulas (p