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According to the available statistical data 80% of the patients begin and complete treatment in polyclinic. Now it becomes necessary to use more widely the low-expensive hospital-substitutive technologies, i.e. the day hospital and the hospital at home. Since 1989 the day hospital containing 10 beds and with two shift system functions on the base of RF MD CDC N 52. The bed turnover is not less than 3, 5, the mean bed/day is 12. 1500 patients are treated every year, among them 63% are therapeutic, 26% are surgical and 10.4% are neurological patients. More than 40% of those who need the hospital treatment are treated here. In the hospital at home 71% are the patients with diseases of lower extremity vessels, 12.5%--with trauma, 9.45%--with cardiovascular pathology and 6.3%--with respiratory diseases. Compared with the hospital beds the savings amount to 60-70%.

We studied the effects of Biopin ointment containing pine resin and used for the therapy of burns, wounds, and purulent and inflammatory diseases on the cell composition of wounds and histochemical changes in the granulation tissue during the therapy of extensive third-degree burns. The preparation stimulated the nonspecific immune response, normalized hemodynamics in damaged regions, and stimulated cell proliferation in the squamous epithelium.

The effects of Biopin (ointment containing pine resin) used in the treatment of burns, wounds, and pyoinflammatory processes on cell composition of the wound surface (smears) and granulation tissue were studied on rats. In vitro antibacterial activity of the drug was also evaluated. At the early stage of inflammation Biopin modulated the nonspecific and inhibited specific cell immune response, normalized hemodynamics in the inflammation focus, activated synthetic processes in the wound, and was effective towards anaerobes and bacilli.

We studied properties of ointment Biopin containing pine resin and used for the therapy of burns, wounds, and purulent and inflammatory diseases. Long-term treatment with this preparation in clinical doses had no effect on the nonspecific, but modulated the specific immune response. Biopin ointment inhibited humoral, but stimulated cell immunity. Neither local irritation, nor allergic reactions were found after long-term epicutaneous application of the preparation.

We studied the effects of pine resin and Biopin ointment used for the therapy of burns, wounds, purulent and inflammatory diseases on the content of lipid peroxidation products, including primary (conjugated dienes), secondary (malonic dialdehyde and ketodienes), and end products (Schiff bases), and content of isolated double bonds in the spleen and liver. Repeated application of Biopin did not modulate lipid peroxidation. The inhibitory effect of this preparation was observed only in the initial short period after application.

We studied the effects of pine resin and Biopin ointment used for the therapy of burns, wounds, purulent and inflammatory diseases on blood leukocyte count, phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils, and redox potential of peripheral blood neutrophils. The wound-healing effect of the test preparations is determined by their ability to activate phagocytosis.

We studied the effects of pine resin and Biopin ointment used for the therapy of burns, wounds, purulent and inflammatory diseases on differentiation of T lymphocyte precursors, lymphocyte proliferation in the thymus and spleen, and production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukins 1, 2, and 6 by splenocytes and peripheral blood leukocytes. The wound-healing effect of these preparations is determined by their pronounced immunomodulatory properties.

Experience of organization of the surgical care in the military hospital to 438 wounded in extremities during armed conflict in Republic of Chechnya is generalized. Maximum reduction of stages of medical evacuation of the wounded in extremities, approaching of the qualified and urgent specialized surgical care directly to the region of battle actions, use of opportunities for it one-moment rendering corresponded to principles of the modern military-medical doctrine. Due to realization of the requirements of the doctrine life of many wounded ++ was saved, terms of treatment, medical and social rehabilitation are reduced. Besides lethality, treatment cost and numbers of transferring to the reserve from the Armed Forces were reduced.

In 50% of afflicted pilots, cholelithiasis is asymptotic and develops with the minimum anatomicomorphological changes of the biliary system. An early diagnostics of cholelithiasis in the pilots will enable one to treat them timely with the aim of returning the pilots to flying activity in the future. The introduction of nonsurgical treatment methods into the clinical practice with an application of distance shock-wave cholelithotripsy will elevate the percentage of pilots returning to flying activities. A need for developing domestic special devices for cholelithotripsy is ripe.

The evolution of the domestic-certified lithotriptors has made a complete professional rehabilitation of all pilots (100%) suffered from urolithiasis without operative intervention possible. Of 156 pilots who have been exposed to remote shock-wave lithotripsy (RSWL) in recent three years 120 individuals (93%) had the urate stones in the renal calyces. Before introducing the RSWL in clinical practice such concrement were recognized as inoperable and the urolithic pilots have no prospects for continuation of their flying activities. After the RSWL application there was a decrease in the secretory-excretory renal function due to the disturbed urodynamics by the migratory fragments of crushed stones in the renal system. The recovery of renal function occurred after complete passage of the crushed stone fragments. Depending on the composition of a crushed concrement, severity of inflammatory process taking place in the kidneys and urinary tracts, the special program of countermeasures to prevent relapsed lithogenesis was recommended for use by the patients. The relapse of renal stone formation after RSWL application was noted in 4 (3.2%) pilots. In these pilots, the concrements were recrushed by the mentioned method and professional qualification of above individuals was retained. Until recently, the treatment of cholelithic disease was recognized as a purely surgical problem--with the introduction of RSWL of renal stone into clinical practice there appeared real possibility to apply the similar approach to crushing the gallstones. To attain these ends, the experimental studies with the use of lithotriptor "URAT-P" have been performed. 140 gallstones of 0.5 to 2.0 cm in size were crushed. The parameters of shock waves are determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The article deals with the results of treatment of 300 patients with acute obstruction of the colon of neoplastic etiology. Patients over 60 years of age accounted for 69.7% of cases. Among 300 patients 211 were subjected to emergency operation. The total mortality was 31.3%. Peritonitis was found during the operation in 81.7% of patients, perforation of the colon was revealed in 53 of them. Stage IV carcinoma was found in 74 patients. The authors point out that late operations lead to poorer outcomes of the disease and suggest performing the surgical intervention no later than 6 hours after hospitalization. The expediency of two-stage (mortality rate 17.0%) and three-stage (mortality rate 17.9%) operations is noted because their results are better than those of a radical one-stage operation (mortality rate 46.1%).