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Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is indicated as an alternative to conventional surgical treatment for elderly patients with low, moderate, and high surgical risk, or as the best therapeutic strategy for patients considered inoperable. The transfemoral vascular access is the preferred route for replacement. However, in a small portion of the population, this access is not possible for anatomical reasons. Access through the brachiocephalic trunk may be an option in specific cases. Nevertheless, data on feasibility and safety of this [...]

Background: Multiple major health organisations recommend the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for COVID-19-related acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure. However, initial reports of ECMO use in patients with COVID-19 described very high mortality and there have been no large, international cohort studies of ECMO for COVID-19 reported to date. Methods: We used data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry to characterise the epidemiology, hospital course, and outcomes of patients aged 16 years or older with confirmed COVID-19 who had ECMO support initiated between Jan 16 and May 1, 2020, at 213 hospitals in 36 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital death in a time-to-event analysis assessed at 90 days after ECMO initiation. We applied a multivariable Cox model to examine whether patient and hospital factors were associated with in-hospital mortality. Findings: Data for 1035 patients with COVID-19 who received ECMO support were included in this study. Of these, 67 (6%) remained hospitalised, 311 (30%) were discharged home or to an acute rehabilitation centre, 101 (10%) were discharged to a long-term acute care centre or unspecified location, 176 (17%) were discharged to another hospital, and 380 (37%) died. The estimated cumulative incidence of in-hospital mortality 90 days after the initiation of ECMO was 37·4% (95% CI 34·4–40·4). Mortality was 39% (380 of 968) in patients with a final disposition of death or hospital discharge. The use of ECMO for circulatory support was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio 1·89, 95% CI 1·20–2·97). In the subset of patients with COVID-19 receiving respiratory (venovenous) ECMO and characterised as having acute respiratory distress syndrome, the estimated cumulative incidence of in-hospital mortality 90 days after the initiation of ECMO was 38·0% (95% CI 34·6–41·5). Interpretation: In patients with COVID-19 who received ECMO, both estimated mortality 90 days after ECMO and mortality in those with a final disposition of death or discharge were less than 40%. These data from 213 hospitals worldwide provide a generalisable estimate of ECMO mortality in the setting of COVID-19. Funding: None.

To assess cardiopulmonary capacity, autonomic heart function, and oxygen recovery kinetics during exercise testing before and after bariatric surgery. This is a prospective cohort study. Symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed with 24 patients, 1 week before and 4 months after bariatric surgery. The main variables were maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), the time elapsed until the appearance of the first ventilatory threshold (TLV1), and VO2 oxygen kinetics during recovery with a 50% reduction in peak oxygen uptake in the recovery period after exercise (50%VO2RP). The study demonstrated that the peak VO2\kg increased significantly after bariatric surgery. When analyzed without adjusting for weight, the peak VO2 paradoxically and significantly decreased after the surgical procedure (p = 0.007). The exercise time until the anaerobic threshold was longer after surgical procedure than before it (p = 0.001). Regarding post-exercise oxygen recovery kinetics, there was a faster reduction in the peak oxygen uptake after bariatric surgery than before the procedure (p

Congenital aneurysm or enlargement of the right atrium is a rare condition. Two children operated on at the age of 14 months and 11 years old for congenital aneurysm of the right atrium are reported. Both presented cardiomegaly and symptoms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Diagnosis was established by echocardiography. Surgical resection was successful. Both patients are free of symptoms and their chest X-ray and echocardiogram are normal. The first patient is now in her 17th postoperative year. The patients' evolution suggests that the surgery is a curative procedure.

Objective: Evaluate the applicability of the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) in the of risk prediction of major postoperative complications in cardiac surgery: respiratory tract infection (RTI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and renal failure dialytic (IRD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 900 patients operated on and admitted to the intensive care unit postoperatively at the Real Hospital Portugues of Recife. We included all patients with complete medical records, excluding those who died during surgery, underwent transplantation or correction of congenital heart disease. We evaluated the development of respiratory infection, cerebrovascular accident, and dialysis-dependent renal failure, and the EuroSCORE was compared in terms of the three complications using the Mann-Whitney test. The calibration model for predicting the morbidities being studied was evaluated using the test set of Homer-Lemeshow goodness. The accuracy of the model was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). Results: The model showed good calibration in predicting respiratory infection, renal dialysis (P = 0.285; P = 0.789; P = 0.45, respectively) and proved not calibrated for stroke prediction. It obtained good accuracy for respiratory infection (AUROC = 0.710 and P

PURPOSE: Implement a constructivist approach in thoracic drainage training in surgical ex vivo pig models, to compare the acquisition of homogeneous surgical skills between medical students. METHODS: Experimental study, prospective, transversal, analytical, controlled, three steps. Selection, training, evaluation. Inclusion criteria: a) students without training in thoracic drainage; b) without exposure to constructivist methodology. 2) Exclusion criteria: a) students developed surgical skills; b) a history of allergy. (N = 312). Two groups participated in the study: A and B. Lecture equal for both groups. Differentiated teaching: group A, descriptive and informative method; group B, learning method based on problems. A surgical ex vivo pig model for training the chest drain was created. Were applied pre and post-test, test goal-discursive and OSATS scale. RESULTS: Theoretical averages: Group A = 9.5 ± 0.5; Group B = 8.8 ± 1.1 (p = 0.006). Medium Practices: Group A = 22.8 ± 1.8; Group B = 23.0 ± 2.8 (p

Objective: To assess the applicability of the European Risk System in Cardiac Operations (EuroSCORE) in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery at the Heart Institute of Pernambuco. Methods: 840 patients operated between 2001 and 2009. Their medical records contained all the information necessary to calculate the EuroSCORE. Hospital death was the end-point of the study. In order to assess the applicability of the EuroSCORE it was used the non parametric test of Mann-Whitney. The calibration of the model was measured by comparing the morbidity observed with that expected, using the Hosmer-Lemeshow Test of Goodness of Fit. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by the ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic curve). Results: The comparison of expected and observed mortality, by Hosmer-Lemershow test, showed good predictive capacity (P= 0.767) as well as when compared to each value of addictive EuroSCORE (p= 0.455). The area of ROC curve was 0.731 (IC 95%, 0.660 – 0.793) with P 6) included 131 patients with a mortality of 20.6%. The regression logistic analyses allowed to identify the following risk-factors for death: age > 60 years, gender female, previous operation, active endocarditis, associated surgery of the thoracic aorta and extra-cardiac arteriopathy. Conclusion: The EuroSCORE, a simple and objective method, proved to be a satisfactory predictor of operative mortality and risk factors for death in patients submitted to cardiac valve operations in the Heart Institute of Pernambuco.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto na vascularizacao do esterno, por cintilografia ossea, da utilizacao de ambas as arterias toracicas internas (ATIs), preparadas por duas tecnicas diferentes. METODOS: Trinta e cinco pacientes coronarianos foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo A - 18 pacientes tiveram as duas ATIs dissecadas de forma esqueletizada; Grupo B - 17 pacientes tiveram as duas ATIs dissecadas pela tecnica pediculada. Nao houve diferenca nos dois grupos com relacao a genero, idade e caracteristicas demograficas. Realizou-se cintilografia ossea 7 dias apos a cirurgia. A analise estatistica foi realizada utilizando-se o teste de t de Student. com significância estabelecida em 95%. RESULTADOS: No grupo A (ATI esqueletizada), o nivel de captacao do esterno foi de 11,5% mais alto em comparacao com a media dos 17 pacientes do grupo B (ATI pediculada), mas essa diferenca nao foi estatisticamente significante (P = 0,127). Entretanto, a media dos niveis de captacao do esterno nos sete pacientes diabeticos do Grupo A (ATI esqueletizada) foi 47,4% mais alta em comparacao a media dos sete pacientes diabeticos do grupo B (ATI pediculada), e esta diferenca foi estatisticamente significante (P = 0,004). CONCLUSAO: 1- A forma de disseccao das ATIs nao altera de maneira estatisticamente significativa a perfusao esternal, avaliada por cintilografia ossea, no conjunto geral da populacao estudada. 2- No subgrupo de pacientes diabeticos, observou-se melhor perfusao do esterno nos pacientes submetidos a disseccao esqueletizada. Embora a confirmacao desse achado num maior numero de casos seja necessaria, pacientes diabeticos devem ter as arterias toracicas internas dissecadas de forma esqueletizada.

Objective: To evaluate short and medium term results of elective intracardiac correction of tetralogy of Fallot in the first year of life.

OBJECTIVE: To describe patient selection criteria, surgical technique and early outcomes in patients undergoing reoperative coronary artery bypass surgery (RECABG) through a left thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Eight patients with patent grafts to the left interventricular coronary artery (four of whom had also patent grafts to the right coronary artery) requiring revascularization of the circumflex coronary system had redo-CABG without CPB through a left posterolateral thoracotomy. RESULTS: There were no in-hospital mortality or serious postoperative complications. All patients are angina-free. CONCLUSIONS: An off-pump redo-CABG through a left posterolateral thoracotomy may reduce risks attributable to resternotomy in patients who met the selection criteria.

OBJETIVO: Descrever a experiência com a técnica de ampliação do folheto posterior em crianças com insuficiência mitral reumática. MÉTODOS: Entre abril de 2002 e outubro de 2007, 30 crianças com idade média de 11,3 anos, foram submetidas à correção de insuficiência mitral pela técnica de ampliação do folheto posterior com enxerto de pericárdio. Em oito pacientes, utilizou-se o anel de Carpentier. Seis crianças apresentavam doença da valva aórtica: cinco, foram submetidas à operação de Ross e, uma, a substituição da valva aórtica por homoenxerto. Todas estavam em classe funcional III ou IV (classificação da New York Heart Association). RESULTADOS: Houve um óbito hospitalar. Uma criança exibiu acentuada hemólise no pós-operatório e foi submetida à substituição da valva mitral. Os demais pacientes tiveram evolução favorável. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de ampliação do folheto posterior com enxerto de pericárdio é efetiva na correção da insuficiência mitral reumática em crianças.

Relatamos o caso de um homem de 43 anos, assintomático, portador de um lipoma do septo interventricular, diagnosticado durante exame médico de rotina, por meio de ecocardiograma bidimensional e confirmado por tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética. O paciente foi submetido, com sucesso, à ressecção do tumor. We report the case of an asymptomatic 43-year-old-man with a lipoma of the interventricular septum. Diagnosis was established during routine medical examination by 2-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent successful resection of the tumor.

We report the case of an asymptomatic 43-year-old-man with a lipoma of the interventricular septum. Diagnosis was established during routine medical examination by 2-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent successful resection of the tumor.

To describe the experience with the technique of posterior leaflet extension in children suffering of rheumatic mitral regurgitation.Between April 2002, and October 2007, 30 children, mean age 11.3 years, underwent correction of mitral insufficiency with the technique of posterior leaflet extension with a pericardial patch. Eight also received a Carpentier ring. Six children had aortic valve disease and were submitted to Ross operation (five cases) or valve replacement with an aortic homograft. All were in functional class III or IV (NYHA classification).There was one death. One child presented severe hemolysis in the postoperative period and was submitted to mitral valve replacement. Clinical evolution in the remaining patients was good.Posterior leaflet extension of the mitral valve seems to be an effective surgical technique for correction of rheumatic mitral insufficiency in children.

Vinte e nove pacientes com tetralogia de Fallot, cujas Idades variaram de 16 a 43 anos (media: 21 anos), foram submetidos a correcao total. Somente dois (6,8%) tinham uma operacao de Blalock-Taussig previa. A tecnica classica de correcao intracardiaca foi usada em todos os casos. Em 13,7% (4 casos) dos pacientes foi necessario reconstruir a via de saida do ventriculo direito. Houve quatro (13,75) obitos operatorios. Todas as mortes ocorreram no inicio da experiencia (1967-1977), quando oxigenadores descartaveis e protecao miocardica nao foram usados. O seguimento dos sobreviventes foi de 1.560 pacientesmeses (media: 62 meses). Houve uma morte tardia de causa nao cardiaca. Exceto em dois doentes, a evolucao clinica foi boa. Dois pacientes foram reoperados com sucesso para correcao de defeitos residuais, 11 anos e seis meses, respectivamente, apos a operacao inicial. Acredita-se que a idade avancada nao e contra-indicacao para correcao total da tetralogia de Fallot, sobretudo porque os portadores desta anomalia que sobrevivem a idade adulta, geralmente apresentam anatomia favoravel.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade do Sistema Europeu de Risco em Operações Cardíacas (EuroSCORE) em pacientes submetidos à revascularização miocárdica no Instituto do Coração de Pernambuco. MÉTODO: Durante os anos de 2003 e 2004, 759 pacientes foram submetidos à revascularização miocárdica. Desse total, sete doentes foram excluídos por ausência de informações relativas a algum dos fatores envolvidos na obtenção do EuroSCORE. Para avaliar a aplicabilidade do EuroSCORE, foi realizado o ajuste de um modelo de regressão logística da mortalidade operatória (variável resposta) sobre o EuroSCORE (variável explanatória). A calibração do modelo foi mensurada comparando-se a mortalidade observada com a esperada, utilizando o teste de bondade de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow. A acurácia do modelo foi avaliada através da estatística-c. RESULTADOS: Foram satisfatórias a acurácia do modelo, estimada em 69,9%, e a calibração (valor p do teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow igual a 0,663). A mortalidade total prevista foi praticamente idêntica à observada, 1,7%. O grupo de baixo risco (EuroSCORE: 0-2) tinha 231 pacientes e ocorreram 2 (0,87%) óbitos. O grupo de médio risco (EuroSCORE: 3-5) tinha 268 pacientes e ocorreu 1 (0,37%) óbito. O grupo de alto risco (EuroSCORE: > 6) apresentava 253 pacientes e houve 10 (3,95%) óbitos. As discrepâncias entre as porcentagens de óbitos observadas nesses grupos e aquelas previstas pelo modelo não foram estatisticamente significantes, de acordo com o resultado do teste qui-quadrado (p = 0,624). CONCLUSÃO: O EuroSCORE, um índice simples e objetivo, mostrou-se como um preditor satisfatório de mortalidade operatória, em pacientes submetidos à revascularização miocárdica no Instituto do Coração de Pernambuco. OBJECTIVE: To assess the applicability of the European Risk System in Cardiac Operations (EuroSCORE) in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization at the Heart Institute of Pernambuco. METHOD: During 2003 and 2004, 759 patients underwent myocardial revascularization. Of these, seven were excluded owing to the lack of information on one aspect or another involved in obtaining a EuroSCORE. In order to assess the applicability of the EuroSCORE, an adjustment was made using a logistic regression model of operative mortality (response variable) on the EuroSCORE (explanatory variable). The calibration of the model was measured by comparing the morbidity observed with that expected, using the Hosmer-Lemeshow Test of Goodness of Fit. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by means of Statistic-c. RESULTS: The accuracy of the model, estimated at 69.9%, and the calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p=0.663) were satisfactory. The total predicted mortality was practically identical to that observed - 1.7%. The low-risk group (EuroSCORE: 0-2) comprised 231 patients and two (0.87%) deaths occurred. The medium-risk group (EuroSCORE: 3-5) comprised 268 patients and one (0.37%) death occurred. The high-risk group (EuroSCORE: > 6) comprised 253 patients and ten (3.95%) deaths occurred. The discrepancies between the percentages of deaths observed in these groups and those predicted by the model were not statistically significant on the basis of the result of the chi-square test (p=0.624). CONCLUSION: The EuroSCORE, a simple and objective index, proved to be a satisfactory predictor of operative mortality in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization in the Heart Institute of Pernambuco.

Os autores descrevem o tratamento cirúrgico de um caso de pentalogia de Cantrell, rara anomalia congênita, caracterizada por defeitos da parede abdominal, terço inferior do esterno, diafragma, pericárdio e coração. The authors describe the surgical cure of a case of Pentalogy of Cantrell, a rare anomaly characterized by congenital lesions involving the abdominal wall, the inferior third of the sternum, the ventral diaphragm, the pericardium and the heart.

Material and Methods: From August/ 1991 to February/ 2000, 35 orthotopic heart transplants were performed at the Heart Institute of Pernambuco. There were 29 male and 6 female patients ranging in age from 15 to 69 years (mean: 46.9 yr.). Recipient diagnoses included ischemic cardiomyopathy in 18, idiopatic dilated cardiomyopathy in 13, mixomatous disease in 2, rheumatic valvar disease in 1 and Chagas` disease in 1. All were in the final stage of heart failure (functional class III or IV of the New York Heart Association) and the ejection fraction ranged from 16 to 27% (mean: 20.9 ± 2.9). Seventeen (48.5%) patients had had previous cardiac operations. The classical surgical technique described by Lower and Shumway, in 1960, was used in all cases. Mean graft ischemic time was 91 ± 21 minutes (ranged from 60 to 180 minutes). Results: There were 7 (20%) deaths in the early postoperative period. Non-fatal postoperative complications occurred in other 13 patients including 5 episodes of rejection. Mean follow-up period of the 28 survivors was 31.2 months (ranged from 1 to 68 mo.) There were 14 late deaths owing to rejection (4), infection (4), graft coronary artery disease (2), chronic renal failure (2) and sudden death (2). The actuarial survival estimated is 70% at 1 year and 30% at 5 years. Conclusion: It is concluded that cardiac transplantation program is feasible in our community but poorer results in comparison to international experience should be expected owing to social problems of the recipient population.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da tetralogia de Fallot (TF) no primeiro ano de vida, procurando especialmente definir as eventuais vantagens da correção definitiva precoce. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Entre março de 1986 e setembro de 1999, 56 crianças com menos de um ano de idade portadoras de tetralogia de Fallot foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico. Trinta e seis eram do sexo masculino e 20 do feminino, variando a idade de um a 11 meses (média 6,5 meses). O peso variou de 3 a 10 kg (média 6,3 kg). Esses pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o tipo de operação realizada: Grupo I: composto de 26 crianças operadas entre março de 86 e março de 96, submetidas a operação de Blalock-Taussig; Grupo II: formado por 30 crianças, operadas a partir de 1996, submetidas a correção definitiva com circulação extracorpórea (CEC). RESULTADOS: No Grupo I ocorreram 2 (7,6%) óbitos imediatos e 1 (3,8%) tardio após outra operação de Blalock. Nos casos já submetidos acorreção intracardíaca, a presença do shunt não determinou complicações e a incidência de ampliação do anel foi de 66,6%. No Grupo II ocorreram 2 (6,6%) óbitos imediatos e 1 (3,3%) tardio de causa não cardíaca. A ampliação transanular da via de saída do ventrículo direito (VD) foi necessária em 50% dos casos. A evolução tardia desse grupo de doentes é excelente, todos estão assintomáticos, a função ventricular é normal e o gradiente na via de saída do VD varia de 10 a 38 mmHg (média: 26 mmHg). CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento ideal da Tetralogia de Fallot no primeiro ano de vida é a correção definitiva, visto que o risco cirúrgico é igual ao da paliação. Ademais, a correção total restaura precocemente a fisiologia normal do coração e da circulação e a saturação arterial de oxigênio. Existem ainda evidentes vantagens sócio-econômicas e psicológicas. OBJECTIVE: To analysis of morbidity and mortality of surgical treatment of the classic of tetralogy of Fallot in the first year of life and particularly to define possible advantages of early primary repair. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between March 1986 and September 1999, 56 children under one age tetralogy of Fallot underwent surgical treatment. Thirty-six (64.3%) were male and 20 (35.7%) female, ranging in age from 1 to 11 months (mean 6.5 ± 2.9 mo.). Weight ranged from 3 to 10 kg (mean 6.3 ± 1.8 kg). The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I, consisted of 26 children operated on between 1986 and 1996, submitted to a Blalock-Taussig shunt; Group II, comprised of 30 children operated on consecutively since 1996 and submitted to intracardiac repair. RESULTS: In Group I, there were 2 (7.6%) early and 1 (3.8%) late deaths. No postoperative com-plications were observed in the remaining children. In Group II, 2 (6.6%) early deaths and 1 (3.3%) non-cardiac late death of a have occurred. Only 2 children had non-significant postoperative complications and 16 presented signs of congestive heart failure. The mortality in both groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' experience, ideal management of children with classical Fallot's tetralogy in the first year of life consists of the intracardiac repair since it has the same surgical risk as palliation.

Entre dezembro de 1977 e dezembro de 1997, 83 doentes com endomiocardiofibrose (EMF) foram submetidos a decorticação endocárdica e substituição ou reparo das valvas atrioventriculares. Sessenta e seis (79,6%) eram do sexo feminino e 17 (20,4%) do masculino, variando as idades de 4 a 59 anos (média 31). Trinta e sete (44,5%) pacientes tinham doença biventricular, 34 (41%) apenas do ventrículo direito e 12 (14,5%) apresentavam EMF limitada ao ventrículo esquerdo. Todos estavam na classe funcional III ou IV da classificação da New York Heart Association. Sessenta e oito (81,9%) pacientes sobreviveram à operação e foram seguidos por período de tempo que variou de um mês a 17 anos. O tempo total de seguimento foi de 6.290 pacientes/meses (média: 92 meses). Houve 15 óbitos tardios, mas em 6 a causa não esteve relacionada à doença de base. Quatro (5,8%) doentes apresentaram recidiva da fibrose e foram reoperados; em 6 (8,8%) apareceu fibrose no outro ventrículo. Cinco (7,3%) pacientes foram reoperados, seja para retroca de prótese valvular, seja para substituir a valva preservada na primeira operação. Somente 24 (45%) dos atuais 53 sobreviventes estão em classe funcional I ou II. A curva de sobrevida actuarial, incluindo a mortalidade operatória, revelou que a probabilidade de sobrevida, 17 anos após a operação, é de 55%. Conclui-se que o tratamento cirúrgico da EMF deve ser considerado um procedimento paliativo porque a operação não impede a progressão da doença. Mesmo assim a operação é recomendada em pacientes com EMF e sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca, visto ser a única forma de tratamento.Eighty-three patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) underwent endocardial decortication and atrioventricular valve replacement or repair between December, 1977, and December, 1997. There were 66 (79.6%) female and 17 (20.4%) male patients, ranging in age from 4 to 59 years (mean, 31). Thirty-seven (44.5%) had biventricular disease 134 (41.0%) had disease of the right ventricle alone and 12 (14.5%) had EMF confined to the left ventricle. All were in functional class III or IV (New York Heart Association classification). Sixty-eight (81.9%) patients survived the operation and were followed-up for periods of time ranging from 1 month to 17 years. The total follow-up time was 6,290 patient/months (mean, 92 months). There were 15 late deaths but in 6 the cause was not related to the underlying disease. Four (5.8%) patients presented recurrence of the fibrosis and were reoperated and in 6 (8.8%) EMF appeared in the other ventricle. Five (7.3%) patients were reoperated to replace either a valve prosthesis or a native valve which had been preserved during the first procedure. Only 24 (45%) of the 53 living patients are in functional class I or II. The actuarial probability of survival at 17 years, including operative mortality, was 55%. In conclusion, surgical treatment of EMF should be considered a palliative procedure because surgery does not stop the progressive nature of the disease. However, surgical therapy is recommended for patients with EMF and heart failure as it is the only hope for them.

Descrevemos 2 casos de teratoma intrapericárdico, tumor cardíaco primário raro, usualmente encontrado em neonatos e lactentes e que pode causar insuficiência respiratória, grande acúmulo de liqüido pericárdico e compressão cardíaca, levando à morte no período intra-uterino ou neonatal. Em ambos os casos, o diagnóstico foi estabelecido pelo ecocardiograma realizado em criança de 3 meses com sinais de tamponamento cardíaco e no feto de uma gestante no curso da 38º semana de gravidez. Ressecção cirúrgica com sucesso em ambos os pacientes foi realizada nas idades de 3 meses e 3 dias de vida, respectivamente. A histologia confirmou o diagnóstico de teratoma. Enfatiza-se a acurácia do diagnóstico ecocardiográfico nestes casos e a importância da indicação cirúrgica precoce. We report two cases of intrapericardial teratoma, a rare cardiac tumor, usually found in neonates and young infants, which may cause respiratory distress, large pericardial effusions and cardiac compression leading to intra-uterine or neonatal death. Both cases were diagnosed noninvasively by echocardiogram, in a 3 month-old girl with signs of cardiac tamponade, and by fetal echocardiography, in a 38 week pregnant woman. Successful surgical removal of the tumor was undertaken in both patients at the ages of 3 months and 3 days of life, respectively. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of teratoma. It is emphasized the diagnostic accuracy of achocardiography and the importance of early surgical treatment in the management of intrapericardial teratoma.

Entre abril de 1975 e janeiro de 1994, 28 crianças foram submetidas à operação de Mustard para tratamento da transposição simples das grandes artérias através de modificação técnica destinada a evitar arritimias e minimizar o problema da obstrução venosa sistêmica ou pulmonar. A idade variou de 21 dias a 7 anos (média, 18 meses). A maioria dos pacientes (22) estava no primeiro ano de vida. Ocorreram seis óbitos no período de internação hospitalar, quatro dos quais em crianças com menos de quatro meses de idade. Entre os 22 sobreviventes, não foram detectadas arritmias graves ou disfunção direita. Três pacientes foram reoperados com sucesso, para tratamento de obstrução venosa de veia cava superior (2 casos) e veias pulmonares (1 caso). Os resultados atuais da operação de Mustard modificada são bons, e este procedimento continua como alternativa válida em pacientes com transposição simples das grandes artérias não candidatos à correção anatômica Between April of 1975 and January of 1994, 28 patients underwent correction of simple transposition of the great arteries by a modification of the Mustard operation, designed to avoid dysrhythmias and to minimize systemic and pulmonary venous obstruction. Age ranged from 21 days to 7 years (mean age 18 months). The majority (22 patients) were in the first year of life. Early mortality occurred in 6 patients. Four of the early deaths were in children younger than 4 months. Among the 22 survivors no serious dysrhythmias or right ventricular dysfunction were detected. Three patients presented superior vena cava (2) and pulmonary (1) venous obstruction, and were easily managed at reoperation. Current results with the modified Mustard operation are good and this procedure is still an alternative in children with simple transposition who are not candidates for anatomical repair

Setenta pacientes com idade variável de 14 dias a 49 anos (média 7,6 anos) foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica da coarctação da aorta. Vinte e seis (37,1%) estavam no primeiro ano de vida. As técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas incluíram aortoplastia com enxerto em 30 casos, aortoplastia com subclávia em 28, anastomose término-terminal e nove, interposição de enxerto tubular de Dacron em dois e aortoplastia com subclávia e preservação da circulação para o membro superior esquerdo em um. Ocorreram seis (8,5%) óbitos imediatos e dois (2,8%) tardios, não relacionados com o tipo de reparo. A mortalidade imediata teve relação direta com a idade, anomalias associadas e grave insuficiência cardíaca no pré-operatório. Todos os sobreviventes apresentam bons resultados tardios e nenhum caso de recoarctação foi observado. Não houve a presença de aneurisma no grupo de pacientes submetidos à aortoplastia com enxerto, provavelmente pelo uso de enxertos biológicos. Os autores tentam individualizar a operação, escolhendo a técnica mais apropriada para cada caso. Entretanto, sempre que possível, usam a aortoplastia com sublcávia em crianças com menos de cinco anos e anastomose término-terminal ou aortoplastia com enxerto em pacientes mais idosos. Seventy patients ranging in age from 14 days to 49 years (mean 7.5 yrs.) were submitted to surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. Twenty-six (37.1%) were in the first year of life. Surgical techniques performed included patch aortoplasty in 30 cases, subclavian flap angioplasty in 28, resection and end-to-end anastomosis in 9, resection and interposition of a Dacron tube graft in 2 and subclavian aortoplasty with preservation of arterial blood flow to the left arm in 1. There were 6 (8.5%) early and 2 (2.8%) late deaths, not related to the type of repair. Early mortality was clearly related to young age, associated anomalies and severe pre-operative heart failure. All surviving patients present good long-term results and no instance of recoarctation has occurred. No late aneurysm formation was seen in the group of patients submitted to patch aortoplasty probably due to the use of biological patchs in the majority of cases. At present, the authors try to individualize the operation, performing the more suitable technique for each case. Therefore, it is tried to use sublavian flap aortoplasty as much as possible in children below the age of 5 and end-to-end anastomosis or patch aortoplasty in older patients.