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Technical and secure information on the production of quality atemoya seedlings (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola Mill.) are of paramount importance due to the growing interest in this crop. This study aimed to assess the formation of atemoya seedlings propagated by grafting methods and cultivars using araticum (Annona sylvatica) rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in a screened environment at the Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. Atemoya grafts (Thompson, African Pride, and Gefner) were collected from plants from the CATI seedling nursery, located in São Bento do Sapucaí, São Paulo State, Brazil. Grafting was performed using 1-year-old araticum rootstocks with 8-10 mm in diameter at a height of 15 cm from the ground and grafts measuring, on average, 8.5 cm in length, 10 mm in diameter, and three buds. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (three grafting methods: cleft graft, whip and tongue graft, and chip budding × three cultivars: African Pride, Thompson, and Gefner), with four replications and 10 seedlings per replication, totaling 40 seedlings per treatment. The percentage of graft success (%), percentage of sprouting (%), number of sprouts, number of leaves, and longest sprout length (cm) were assessed at 60 days after grafting. The cleft graft method is efficient for producing atemoya seedlings. The cultivar African Pride can be grafted onto rootstocks by the cleft graft and whip and tongue graft methods, as they promote a higher percentage of graft success. The Annona sylvatica rootstock has potential for the production of atemoya seedlings, but chip budding is not viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olive propagation by the cutting method demands the study of several techniques due to the low percentage of rooting. This study aimed to evaluate the rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of olives using humic substances and their modes of application. Two experiments were carried out in a hoop house built under a black screen in the Professor Mário César Lopes seedling nursery, belonging to the Western Paraná State University. The first experiment evaluated the rooting of cuttings of the cultivars Maria da Fé and Ascolano in different humic substances and a control. The experimental design was randomized in blocks in a 2×5 factorial arrangement (cultivar x humic substances), with three replications of 25 cuttings per experimental unit. The second experiment consisted of the rooting of the two cultivars using three modes of application of the commercial product SoloHumics® and a control. The experimental design was randomized in blocks in a 2×4 factorial scheme (cultivar x mode of application), with three replications and 25 cuttings per plot. Data were collected for phytotechnical evaluations after 75 days. Humic substances did not influence a higher acquisition of rooted cuttings and the quality of adventitious roots emitted in both cultivars. The application using irrigation and spraying for the cultivar Maria da Fé and spraying for Ascolano 315 were more efficient when using humic substances aiming at their propagation by cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientia Agraria Paranaensis is the property of Revista Scientia Agraria Paranaensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientia Agraria Paranaensis is the property of Revista Scientia Agraria Paranaensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological, mineral and bioactive compounds of blackberry grown in a subtropical region. Blackberries fruits (Rubus sp.), Grown in an orchard of Unioeste, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon (Paraná, Brazil), were used. Immediately after harvest, the fruits were taken to the Food Technology Laboratory for chemical analysis and bioactive compounds. The fruit samples for the analysis of reducing, bromatological and mineral sugars were frozen and sent to private laboratories. Hybrids are more perishable than cultivars. There is variation in color among the cultivars and hybrids studied. Hybrids and cultivars of black mulberry have a high content of ascorbic acid and fibers, with emphasis on the cultivar Tupy (75.0 mg 100 mL-1 and 7.23, respectively). Higher pH is verified in the cultivars Tupy and Arapaho (3.22 and 3.24, respectively). The Arapaho cultivar has fewer acid fruits (0.25 g 100 g-1), SS/total acidity ratio (36.88) and reducing sugar content (8.28 g 100g-1). Blackberry fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as cv. Chickasaw obtaining a higher content of total phenolic compounds (1368.84 mg EAG100mL-1) and the Boysenberry hybrid a greater amount of anthocyanin (5.11mg Ci-3-Gly g-1). The Chickasaw cultivar has a higher lipid content (4.59). There is no difference in moisture content, dry biomass and fruit firmness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of rooting of podocarpos cuttings in function of the number of leaves, concentrations of IBA and phytorregulators, application methods and cutting season. Two experiments were carried out under weaning conditions, in a factorial scheme containing 3 replicates of 15 cuttings, the first with 4 concentrations of IBA, 3 leaves at the cuttings and 2 seasons. These were removed in August/2016 and January/2017, prepared with 10 cm in length and immersed in solutions for 10 s. In the second experiment three types of phytoregulators and 2 application forms were tested (slow and quick immersion). Cuttings were prepared in the same manner as in the first experiment, maintaining 4 leaves. The bases of the cuttings were immersed for 10 s and 24 h in the solutions, then taken to root. After 100 days of experimentation, it was concluded that cuttings collected in the summer had a higher percentage of rooting, 4 leaves and IBA concentration should be maintained between 750 and 800 mg L-1. The best form of application of phytoregulator is by rapid immersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate asepsis protocols, composition and concentration of culture media in the in vitro establishment of three physalis species. In experiment I, seeds of 3 species were used x 3 asepsis protocols. In experiment II, 3 culture media and explants 3 species were used. In experiment III, explants of 2 species x 4 concentrations of MS culture medium were used. In experiment IV, explants of 2 species x 4 sucrose concentrations were used. For experiments II, III and IV after 30 days were evaluated some phytotechnical parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 3 (experiments I and II) and 2 x 4 (experiments III and IV) factorial scheme. Protocols II and III were appropriate for P. peruviana germination, and I and III for P. minima, the three protocols were efficient for controlling fungi and bacteria. The MS is the most suitable for the in vitro establishment of three species. The culture medium at 100% concentration obtained better values in the in vitro development parameters evaluated for the species P. peruviana and P. minima. Sucrose concentrations close to 50 and 20 g L-1 favored the establishment of P. peruviana and P. minima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the 50% colored shading on the emergence and development of seedlings of three Physalis species. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design with subdivided plots and four replicates. The treatments consisted of screens providing 50% shading and four colorations, as well as cultivation in full sunlight. The subplots consisted of three species of Physalis. Seeding was carried out in tubes and thinning was performed 40 days after sowing. During this period, the phytotechnical and physiological variables were evaluated. Plant emergence was favored by the screens. The cultivation environments interacted with the species regarding the emergence speed index, collar diameter, plant height, dry leaf biomass, and seedling transpiration rate. The environments did not interfere with the net assimilation rate, active photosynthetic radiation, SPAD index, dry root, stem and leaf biomass, and number of leaves per plant. The shading screens interfered with the air temperature and relative air humidity, as well as with a few phytotechnical characteristics. The use of a black shading screen provided a higher quality seedling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the western region of Paraná, the subtropical climate prevails, with little accumulation of hours of cold in the winter, making the fruit species not go into complete dormancy. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical defoliant on blackberry varieties, aiming at their complete defoliation and induction of numbness. The work was conducted at Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon Campus, in a four-year-old orchard of plants, spaced 3 x 0.5 m, simple spreader with two wire strands at a height of 120 cm from the ground, and 20 plants per grow crops. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, where two treatments related to the application of defoliant (with and without) on 7 cvs were evaluated blackberry, containing three replicates and three plants in each cultivar. Was used as a defoliant lime sulfur applied in August pruning then held 25 days after application. Regarding fruit quality, Caigangue and Tupy varieties showed the highest SS/AT ratio, indicating the best flavor of their fruits for fresh consumption. The cultivars Brazos and Guarani showed lower SS/AT ratio, indicating more acidic fruits. Higher levels of ascorbic acid were found in fruits of cvs. Guarani and Cherokee. The application of defoliant reduced the total number of blackberry fruits of the cultivars Comanche and Guarani. The use of defoliant did not interfere in the physicochemical characteristics of the blackberry fruits of the evaluated cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenological behavior and agronomic potential of blackberry varieties and hybrids in a subtropical region. Blackberry seedlings of four varieties and two hybrids were purchased in April 2015 in the form of stem cuttings and transplanting in July 2015. Winter pruning was carried out on August 18, 2016 and 2017. The experimental design was composed of a randomized complete block design, containing four varieties and two hybrids, four blocks and five useful plants per experimental unit. The harvest was performed every two days to the determination of fresh biomass, longitudinal and transverse diameter, volume, number of fruits per plant, yield and estimated productivity. The average duration of the phenological cycles in the two harvests varies between 109 and 162 days and 114 and 148, respectively. Hybrids Boysenberry and Olallie presented a shorter cycle in both harvests. In the 2016/2017 crop, the harvest lasted from 39 to 88 days. In the 2017/2018 harvest, it lasted 23 to 57 days, starting in mid-November through early January. The Tupy and Chickasaw cultivars were the most productive in the first crop. In the second crop, the Tupy and Navaho cultivars were prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientia Agraria Paranaensis is the property of Revista Scientia Agraria Paranaensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Physalis peruviana L. is a species of commercial interest belonging to the Solanaceae family, cultivated preferentially in shaded environment, which still has cultivation restricted to small areas in Brazil and therefore requires further studies. Plants are directly affected by environmental factors such as drought, temperature, radiation, among others. These factors affect not only the vegetative organs, but also reproductive structures, which may cause damage to agronomically explored plants. With the need for shading presented by the crop, the present work aimed to characterize the pollen grain and to verify the influence of shade nets used in shading on the morphology of pollen grains of this species. The work was developed at the Lavras Federal University, where three replications of two plants were cultivated under full sun and under shadenets white, blue, red and black. Flower anthesis pollen was collected, processed and photographed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Polar diameter, equatorial diameter and pollen area were measured in ten pollen grains. The results showed that P. peruviana pollen grains are isopolar, radial, prolato-spheroidal in shape and medium in size. There was also an increase in pollen grain area when cultivated in shading with white shade net and in full sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Agronomy is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias is the property of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Injuries in the internal structures of the seeds limit their viability and can reduce their vigor, producing weak seedlings susceptible to adverse conditions Thus, the determination of the quality of seeds of Physalis peruviana L. by X-ray test is valid, in order to reduce the time separation of seeds and a good initial establishment of the culture. Considering the above, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of physalis seeds at different stages of development of fruit by X-ray test. The seeds were removed and separated into lots according to the fruit maturation stage, being fruits with intermediate maturity (50% of the ripe fruit), completely ripe fruits and completely ripe fruits subjected to seven days of rest after harvest. Posteriorly they were subjectedto X-rays for determination of seed quality. The experimental design consisted of eight replicates of one hundred seeds per lot. Physalis fruit seeds with 50% maturation have lower morphophysiological quality when compared to seeds extracted from completely ripe fruits. Seed vigor is greater when the fruits are subjected to rest for seven days. The X-ray test is efficient for selection of non-viable seed of physalis.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ceres is the property of Revista Ceres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most widely used method of olive propagation is cutting, although for some cultivars the technique is still limited. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of plant growth promoter bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rooting of olive cuttings. Two experiments were conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 with cuttings from 4 olive cultivars (Ascolano 315, Koroneiki, Maria da Fé and Picual) from four-year-old plants. The first experiment consisted of 4 olive cultivars and 3 mycorrhizal species plus the control and the second experiment of 3 concentrations of commercial inoculant (Nitro1000®), containing Azospirillum brasilense plus control. The cuttings were treated with 3000 mg/L of indolebutyric acid (IBA). The experimental design used in the two experiments was randomized blocks, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, containing 25 stakes per replicate and 3 replicates. The cuttings were kept under weaver conditions and within a low rooting tunnel. After 75 d, the percentage of rooted cuttings, callus and sprouts, length of the largest root, number and length of shoots were evaluated. The use of FMA in Maria da Fé and Picual has a positive response to cutting rooting and the fungi benefit the quality of the seedlings by the higher number of shoots and larger root length. The relation of Azospirillum brasilense cultivar is specific, being that, the cultivar Picual does not respond to inoculation of the bacterium having less viability in the propagation by cutting. Maria da Fé and Koroneiki have the best percentages of rooting with the use of 75.00 and 52.00 mL/L of inoculant, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asexual propagation of conifers, such as Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet, faces difficulties. Among the factors that can improve the efficiency of asexual propagation are the types of cuttings used and lesions performed at the base of the cuttings, and the use of plant regulators, such as indolebutyric acid (IBA). This study determined the types of lesions to be performed at the cutting base, the type of cuttings used, the method to convey IBA at the cutting base, and the concentration of IBA required to obtain a proper rooting condition for the species. Two experiments were performed from March to July, 2018, in randomized blocks and with a factorial scheme, as follows: 2 x 4 (IBA application in solution and talc x IBA at concentrations of 0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg L-1 IBA); and 2 x 3 (basal and apical cuttings x bevel, wedge, and horizontal lesions at the cutting base). In both experiments, the cuttings used were arranged on a masonry bed containing medium-textured sand. After 120 days of experimentation, the study concluded that the rooting percentage was favored by the use of basal cuttings with wedge lesions at the cutting base and treated with IBA in solution at a concentration of approximately 550 mg L-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to evaluate the composition, nutritional aspects and sensory analysis of the dovyalis jam. Dovyalis fruits were harvested from 4-year-old plants in the orchard of the Unioeste Experimental Farm. They were collected in the morning in polyethylene boxes, when they were ripe and with a purple coloration from the epicarp, being immediately transported to the Laboratory to prepare the jams. After fruits arrival, they were selected by size, color and weight and then sanitized in running water and the cups of the fruits were removed. The sensory evaluations of the jam samples were performed in a randomized fashion, with 30 volunteer tasters. The tasters were previously advised to evaluate the acceptance of the jams and their purchase intentions. Fruits in natura and dovyalis jam are sources of vitamin C. Dovyalis fruits can be used in the processing, due to its acidity. The jam prepared with dovyalis fruits without epicarp and endocarp, and less sugar, was more appreciated by the tasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The framboseira-negra has a potential for cultivation in Brazil, due to the fact that this fruit produces high quantities of fruits, which confer a high quality jelly. However, their propagation is an obstacle to the establishment of commercial plantations. Production and expansion of a fruit is directly linked to the propagation method and the quality of its development. Given the above, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of stem cuttings and IBA in asexual propagation of black raspberry. Two experiments being conducted in greenhouse conditions were performed. Stem cuttings were taken from didactic orchard, with matrix plant of four years, which were the experiments. The first experiment was carried out in factorial 3x2, with cuttings taken from three regions of the plant branch matrix (apical, median and basal) x two treatments with IBA (without IBA and 2000mg L-1 IBA), containing four repetitions and fifteen cuttings per repetition. The second experiment consisted of a 4x2, with four sizes of cuttings (5, 10, 15 and 20cm) x two treatments with IBA (without IBA and 2000mg L-1 IBA), with four replications and fifteen cuttings by repetition. After eighty days, the percentage of rooted cuttings (%), average number of roots and shoots for cuttings, the longest root length (cm) and fresh and dry biomass of shoots (g) were assessed. Best results in the formation of root system were observed in middle and apical stem cuttings. Stem Cuttings between 10 and 20cm obtained better results for rooting. There is no need to use IBA rooting of cuttings of black raspberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercial propagation of rose bushes is carried out asexually by the cutting method. The genetic material and the substrate are factors that interfere in the rhizogenic process of the cuttings. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substrate on the rooting of cuttings of two hybrid rose bushes. Floriferous branches of matrix plants were cut at the apex and at the base, approximately 8cm long and with two buds, and the basal leaf was removed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (two cultivars, Tineke and Natal Briar x three substrates, carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and TN Gold®) containing four replicates of 15 cuttings per replicate. The base of the cuttings was immersed for five seconds in IBA 2000mg L-1 solution (indole butyric acid). The cuttings were placed in trays with 24 cells previously filled with substrate and deposited on the floor in a transparent plastic tunnel, built inside a stove. After the 50-day experiment, rootstocks (%), sprouts (%) and dead (%), root length (cm), fresh and dry shoot biomass and roots (g) were evaluated. The rooting percentage of the Natal Briar cultivar was 75%, thus superior to the Tineke cultivar, which had a rooting percentage of 39%. The best substrates for the Tineke and Natal Briar rose cuttings are CAC and coconut fiber, which provided rooting percentages of 81% and 67% of the cuttings, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]